[Eittlandic] More grammar in general outline
Also list how each vowel is read, fix some words
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@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ Both have the same meaning as the Eittlandic sentence. However, the
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near-complete (or even complete in Standard Eittlandic) loss of case
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marking makes the sentence /fisk barn etar/ much more gruesome.
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1. fisk barn etar
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1. fisk barn etar / a fish is eating a child
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| fisk | barn | et-ar |
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| fish.NOM | barn.ACC | eat-3sg |
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@ -604,13 +604,19 @@ sentence in Old Eittlandic and in Standard Eittlandic.
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| he.NOM | carry.3sg.pret | 3sg.m-ACC | to | lake-DAT | some-DAT |
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- Standard Eittlandic :: Han til vatn nákkur hann bar
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| han | til | vatn | nákkur | hann | bar |
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| he.NOM | to | lake | some | he.ACC | carry.3sg.pret |
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| 3sg.m.NOM | to | lake | some | he.ACC | carry.3sg.pret |
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Eittlandic still retains VSO word order in its relative and
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interrogative clauses, as shown below.
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- Han mér talð þat kom han hér í gær / he told me he came here yesterday
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| han | mér | tal-ð | þat | kom | han | hér | í gær |
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| 3sg.m.NOM | 1sg.DAT | tell-3sg.PRET | that | come.3sg.PRET | 3sg.m.NOM | here | yesterday |
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Loss of case marking also affected adjectives which share most of
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their declensions with nouns. The parts where Eittlandic retains its
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fusional aspect is with verbs, where loss of its words’ final vowel
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had much less impact, as we could see in /barn fisk etar/. In this case,
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/etar/ is the third person singular declension of the verb /á et/, a weak
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/etar/ is the third person singular declension of the verb /et/, a weak
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verb.
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** Phonetic Inventory and Translitteration
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@ -747,7 +753,7 @@ Eittlandic.
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+ Example :: Old Norse /gauð/ (a barking) {{{phon(gɑuð)}}} > Early Middle
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Eittlandic /gauð/ (a barking, a quarrel) {{{phon(jɑuð)}}}.
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This is the first rule of the gj-shift along with the three next
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This is the first rule of the g/j-shift along with the three next
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rules, marking the passage from Old Eittlandic to Middle Eittlandic.
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**** gl > gʲ
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@ -1028,6 +1034,20 @@ graph{graph[dpi=300,bgcolor="transparent"];node[shape=plaintext];"vowels-0jbs0vh
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#+RESULTS[7867f85cb842efcdbf63b57169c32fb8e2b6831c]:
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[[file:img/eittlandic/vowel-feature-tree.png]]
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- a {{{phon(ɑ)}}} ::
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- á {{{phon(ɛ)}}} ::
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- æ {{{phon(ɛ)}}} ::
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- e {{{phon(e)}}} ::
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- é {{{phon(ɛ)}}} ::
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- i {{{phon(i)}}} ::
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- í {{{phon(e)}}} ::
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- o {{{phon(o)}}} ::
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- ó {{{phon(ɔ)}}} ::
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- u {{{phon(u)}}} ::
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- ú {{{phon(o)}}} ::
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- y {{{phon(y)}}} ::
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- ý {{{phon(ø)}}} ::
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**** Private Data :noexport:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Overview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Vowels-Private-Data-jt8bq9m0eaj0
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@ -1729,7 +1749,7 @@ used even in this dialect.
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- hneisa :: f. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪs)}}}
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1. shame, disgrace
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2. social isolation
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- hneisingr :: n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡr̩)}}}
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- hneising :: n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}}
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1. hermit
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2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
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- hnjósa :: v. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔs)}}}
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@ -1778,7 +1798,7 @@ used even in this dialect.
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Dictionnaire-N-0ef6f2af
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:END:
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- noregsúlfr :: m. {{{phon(norejsolvr̩)}}}
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- noregsúlf :: m. {{{phon(norejsolv)}}}
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1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf. Wolf do not naturally live in Eittland
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and their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and
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wolf-dogs which inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by
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@ -1862,7 +1882,7 @@ used even in this dialect.
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Dictionnaire-Ú-c35e6434
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:END:
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- úlfr :: m. {{{phon(olvr̩)}}}
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- úlf :: m. {{{phon(olv)}}}
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1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/.
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** V
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