Reorganized repo

Now the source files only will be on the main branch, whereas the html and pdf
files will be on the gh-pages branch.
This commit is contained in:
Phuntsok Drak-pa 2019-07-05 21:49:56 +02:00
parent ed1f6cd030
commit 271d5df2ce
79 changed files with 329 additions and 59583 deletions

2
.gitignore vendored
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@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
*.tex
*.bak
*.log
*.html
*.pdf
/*/_minted*
/draconian-2/Vulgar_ Language generator.pdf
/draconian-2/auto-generated*

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@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
#!/usr/bin/env fish
set delfname "index.pdf" "*.tex" "*.aux" "*.log" "*.toc" "*.out" "header.pdf" \
"header.html"
set delfname "*.pdf" "*.tex" "*.aux" "*.log" "*.toc" "*.out" "*.html"
set deldname "auto" "_minted*"
for f in $delfname
find -type f -name $f -delete

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content {
display: grid;
grid-auto-rows: min-content;
grid-template-areas:
'word fromlang'
'wclass gender'
'translations translations'
'details details'
'etymology etymology';
padding: 40px;
}
word {
grid-area: word;
font-size: 3em;
}
fromlang {
grid-area: fromlang;
align-self: end;
}
wordclass {
grid-area: wclass;
}
listtrans {
grid-area: translations;
}
transdetails {
grid-area: details;
}
etymology {
grid-area: etymology;
}
etymology::before {
content: "Etymology: ";
}
gender {
grid-area: gender;
}

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content {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto;
grid-template-rows: 100px auto;
grid-template-areas: 'message' 'form';
}
form {
grid-area: form;
display: inline-grid;
grid-template-rows: 64px 100px;
grid-template-areas:
'source dest'
'submition submition';
}
sourcelang {
grid-area: source;
}
destlang {
grid-area: dest;
}
sourcelang, destlang {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: 24px 40px;;
grid-template-areas: 'label' 'select';
}
label {
grid-area: label;
text-align: center;
}
/* inspired from https://coderwall.com/p/w7npmq/fully-custom-select-box-simple-css-only */
.form-style {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
width: 120px;
border-radius: 3px;
overflow: hidden;
/* background: #edf0f2; */
margin: auto;
}
.form-style select, .form-style input {
padding: 5px 8px;
width: 100%;
border: none;
box-shadow: none;
background: transparent;
background-image: none;
text-align: center;
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
.form-style select:focus {
outline: none;
}
submit {
margin: auto;
width: 50%;
grid-area: submition;
}
message {
grid-area: message;
margin: 0 20px;
}
sidebar {
display: block;
}
sidebar > ul {
padding-inline-start: 0;
margin: 40px;
display: block;
list-style: none;
}
sidebar > ul >li {
font-size: 1.1em;
margin: 20px;
}

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content {
}
.wordblock {
text-decoration: none;
margin: 40px;
padding: 20px;
display: grid;
grid-template-areas:
'word word'
'wclass gender'
'translation translation';
background: #343131;
color: #fcfcfc;
box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px #000;
}
word {
margin: 10px;
grid-area: word;
font-size: 2em;
}
wclass {
grid-area: wclass;
}
gender {
grid-area: gender;
}
.translations {
grid-area: translation;
list-style: none;
}
.translations::before {
content: "Translations:";
}
li {
margin: 10px;
}

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@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700);
@import url(https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css);
@font-face {
font-family: "DoulosSIL";
font-display: swap;
src:url("DoulosSIL-R.woff");
}
body {
margin: 0;
height: 100%;
background: #edf0f2;
display: grid;
overflow: auto;
height: 100vh;
grid-template-columns: 300px auto;
grid-template-areas:
'sidebar content';
color: #404040;
}
.h1 {
margin-bottom: .2em;
font-size: 175%;
font-family: "Roboto Slab","ff-tisa-web-pro","Georgia",Arial,sans-serif;
font-weight: 700;
text-align: center;
}
.p {
font-size: inherit;
line-height: 24px;
margin: 0 0 24px 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
display: block;
font-family: "DoulosSIL","Lato","proxima-nova","Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
}
sidebar {
grid-area: sidebar;
width: 300px;
background-color: #343131;
}
content {
margin: 10px;
grid-area: content;
}
content {
max-width: 900px;
background-color: #fcfcfc;
}
errormessage {
color: red;
text-align: center;
font-size: 1.5em;
font-family: "DoulosSIL","Lato","proxima-nova","Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
}
sidebar {
color: #fcfcfc;
}
sidebar > h1 {
background: #2980b9;
padding: 15px;
margin-block-start: 0;
margin-block-end: 0;
text-align: center;
font-size: 1.5em;
}

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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
#+include: headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Une Grammaire de lEinnlandais
#+AUTHOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+EMAIL: phundrak@phundrak.fr
#+INCLUDE: header-matter.org
#+OPTIONS: H:4 toc:nil
#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{allrunes}
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Einnlanda" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Einnlanda" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Einnlanda" />
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
#+MACRO: phon @@latex:/$1/@@ @@html:&frasl;$1&frasl;@@
* Table des matières :TOC_5_gh:noexport:
:PROPERTIES:

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#+CREATOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+LANGUAGE: fr
#+SETUPFILE: theme-readtheorg.setup
#+LATEX_CLASS: article
#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,twoside]
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xltxtra,fontspec,xunicode}\usepackage[total={6.5in,10.0in}]{geometry}\setromanfont[Numbers=Lowercase]{Charis SIL}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{hyperref}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkbordercolor=red,linkcolor=blue,pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{multicol}
#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{indentfirst}\usepackage{allrunes}
#+HTML_DOCTYPE: html5
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/mahakala-128x128.png" type="img/png" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/rich_preview.png" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:site" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Mattér" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Mattér" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Mattér" />
#+MACRO: newline @@latex:\hspace{0pt}\\@@ @@html:<br>@@
#+MACRO: newpage @@latex:\newpage@@
#+MACRO: latex-html @@latex:$1@@ @@html:$2@@
#+NAME: last-update
#+BEGIN_SRC shell :exports none :results silent
date '+Dernière mise à jour le %d/%m/%y à %H:%M'
#+END_SRC
#+MACRO: last-update call_last-update[:eval yes]()[:eval yes]
#+OPTIONS: H:4 toc:nil
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
{{{newpage}}}
#+TOC: headlines
{{{newpage}}}

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#+CREATOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+LANGUAGE: fr
#+INCLUDE: macros.org
#+SETUPFILE: theme-readtheorg.setup
#+LATEX_CLASS: article
#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,twoside]
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xltxtra,fontspec,xunicode}\usepackage[total={6.5in,10.0in}]{geometry}\setromanfont[Numbers=Lowercase]{Charis SIL}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{hyperref}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkbordercolor=red,linkcolor=blue,pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{multicol}
#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{indentfirst}\usepackage{allrunes}
#+HTML_DOCTYPE: html5
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/mahakala-128x128.png" type="img/png" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/rich_preview.png" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:site" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Ňyqy" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Ňyqy" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Ňyqy" />
#+OPTIONS: H:4 toc:nil
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
{{{newpage}}}
#+TOC: headlines
{{{newpage}}}

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#+AUTHOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+EMAIL: phundrak@phundrak.fr
#+CREATOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+LANGUAGE: fr
#+SETUPFILE: theme-readtheorg.setup
#+LATEX_CLASS: book
#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,twoside]
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xltxtra,fontspec,xunicode}\usepackage[total={6.5in,9.5in}]{geometry}\setromanfont[Numbers=Lowercase]{Charis SIL}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{hyperref}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkbordercolor=red,linkcolor=blue,pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{multicol}
#+HTML_DOCTYPE: html5
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/mahakala-128x128.png" type="img/png" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/rich_preview.png" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:site" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@phundrak" />
#+OPTIONS: H:4
#+OPTIONS: toc:nil
src_latex{\newpage}
#+TOC: headlines
src_latex{\newpage}

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@ -1,23 +1,41 @@
# -*- mode: org; -*-
#+AUTHOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+EMAIL: phundrak@phundrak.fr
#+CREATOR: Lucien Cartier-Tilet
#+LANGUAGE: fr
#+SETUPFILE: theme-readtheorg.setup
# ### LaTeX ####################################################################
#+LATEX_CLASS: article
#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper,twoside]
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xltxtra,fontspec,xunicode}\usepackage[total={6.5in,10.0in}]{geometry}\setromanfont[Numbers=Lowercase]{Charis SIL}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xcolor} \usepackage{hyperref}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkbordercolor=red,linkcolor=blue,pdfborderstyle={/S/U/W 1}}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{multicol}
#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{indentfirst}\usepackage{allrunes}
#+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage{indentfirst}
# ### HTML #####################################################################
#+HTML_DOCTYPE: html5
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/mahakala-128x128.png" type="img/png" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" media="screen" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.phundrak.fr/img/rich_preview.png" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:site" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@phundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Einnlanda" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Einnlanda" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Einnlanda" />
# ### STYLE ####################################################################
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/css/htmlize.css"/>
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/css/readtheorg.css"/>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script src="https://langue.phundrak.fr/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script src="https://langue.phundrak.fr/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="https://langue.phundrak.fr/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.min.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="https://langue.phundrak.fr/js/readtheorg.js"></script>
# ### MACROS ###################################################################
#+MACRO: newline @@latex:\hspace{0pt}\\@@ @@html:<br>@@
#+MACRO: newpage @@latex:\newpage@@
#+MACRO: latex-html @@latex:$1@@ @@html:$2@@
@ -26,8 +44,6 @@
date '+Dernière mise à jour le %d/%m/%y à %H:%M'
#+END_SRC
#+MACRO: last-update call_last-update[:eval yes]()[:eval yes]
#+OPTIONS: H:4 toc:nil
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
{{{newpage}}}
#+TOC: headlines
{{{newpage}}}
#+MACRO: phon @@latex:/$1/@@ @@html:&frasl;$1&frasl;@@
#+OPTIONS: H:4 broken_links:mark email:t

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hjalpi.html

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#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
#+include: headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Grammaire du Hjalpi
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite du Hjalpi" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Hjalpi" />

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hjelp.html

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#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{indentfirst}
#+LATEX_CLASS: article
#+include: headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Une Grammaire du Hjelp
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite du Hjelp" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Hjelp" />

BIN
hjelp.pdf

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hjelp/tools/gen.cc Normal file
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#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
srand(time(nullptr));
vector<string> consonants{"", "m", "n", "ng", "p", "b", "t", "d",
"ŧ", "đ", "k", "g", "f", "v", "þ", "ð",
"s", "z", "sh", "zh", "ch", "jh", "qh", "rh",
"h", "ŕ", "r", "lh", "l"};
const vector<string> glides{"j", "w"};
vector<string> vowels{"i", "y", "u", "ì", "ĩ", "ů", "ù", "ũ", "e", "é", "ø",
"ö", "o", "õ", "è", "œ", "ô", "ò", "a", "å", "ã"};
const vector<string> tones{"2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7"};
{
const auto tmp = consonants;
for_each(begin(tmp), end(tmp), [&](const auto &cons) {
for_each(begin(glides), end(glides),
[&](const auto &glide) { consonants.push_back(cons + glide); });
});
}
{
const auto tmp = vowels;
// create each possible diphthong
for_each(begin(tmp), end(tmp), [&](const auto &vow1) {
// add tones for this vowel
std::for_each(std::begin(tones), std::end(tones),
[&](const auto &tone) { vowels.push_back(vow1 + tone); });
for_each(begin(tmp), end(tmp), [&](const auto &vow2) {
if (vow1 != vow2) {
// if both vowels are the same, their association is ignored
const auto new_vow = vow1 + vow2;
vowels.push_back(new_vow);
// add tones to these vowels
for_each(begin(tones), end(tones),
[&](const auto &tone) { vowels.push_back(new_vow + tone); });
}
});
});
}
auto all_phonemes = vowels;
for_each(begin(consonants), end(consonants), [&](const auto &cons) {
for_each(begin(vowels), end(vowels),
[&](const auto &vow) { all_phonemes.push_back(cons + vow); });
});
all_phonemes.shrink_to_fit();
printf("%zu syllables\n", all_phonemes.size());
set<string> particules = {};
for (auto i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
int random = rand() % all_phonemes.size();
printf("%s\n", all_phonemes[random].c_str());
all_phonemes.erase(all_phonemes.begin() + random);
}
std::for_each(std::begin(particules), std::end(particules),
[](const auto &elem) { printf("%s\n", elem.c_str()); });
return 0;
}

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fr">
<head>
<!-- 2019-06-30 dim. 11:22 -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Langues construites de Pundrak</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Org mode">
<meta name="author" content="Lucien Cartier-Tilet">
<style type="text/css">
<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
.title { text-align: center;
margin-bottom: .2em; }
.subtitle { text-align: center;
font-size: medium;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top:0; }
.todo { font-family: monospace; color: red; }
.done { font-family: monospace; color: green; }
.priority { font-family: monospace; color: orange; }
.tag { background-color: #eee; font-family: monospace;
padding: 2px; font-size: 80%; font-weight: normal; }
.timestamp { color: #bebebe; }
.timestamp-kwd { color: #5f9ea0; }
.org-right { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.org-left { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; }
.org-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; }
.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
#postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; }
p.verse { margin-left: 3%; }
pre {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px #eee;
padding: 8pt;
font-family: monospace;
overflow: auto;
margin: 1.2em;
}
pre.src {
position: relative;
overflow: visible;
padding-top: 1.2em;
}
pre.src:before {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: white;
top: -10px;
right: 10px;
padding: 3px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
pre.src:hover:before { display: inline;}
/* Languages per Org manual */
pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; }
pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; }
pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; }
/* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */
pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; }
pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; }
pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; }
pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; }
pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; }
pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; }
pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; }
pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; }
pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; }
pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; }
pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; }
pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; }
pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; }
pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; }
pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; }
pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; }
pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; }
pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; }
pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; }
pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; }
pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; }
pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; }
pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; }
pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; }
pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; }
pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; }
pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; }
pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; }
pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; }
pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; }
pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; }
pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; }
pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; }
pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; }
pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; }
pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; }
/* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */
pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; }
pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; }
pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; }
pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; }
pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; }
pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; }
pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; }
pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; }
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<h1 class="title">Langues construites de Pundrak</h1>
<p>
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<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgb50efbb">1. Langues divines</a></li>
<li><a href="#org689ba57">2. Langues draconiennes</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8c30ca0">3. Langues humaines</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4a170db">4. Proto-langs</a></li>
</ul>
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<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-orgb50efbb" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgb50efbb"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Langues divines</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjalpi">Hjalpi</a> (<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjalpi/hjalpi.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjelp">Hjelp</a> (<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjelp.pdf">pdf</a>) (remplacement du Hjalpi)
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org689ba57" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org689ba57"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Langues draconiennes</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/lijokken">Łijökken</a> (<a href="https:///langue.phundrak.fr/lijokken/lijokken-grammaire.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/zohaen">Zöhæň</a> (<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/zohaen/zohaen-grammaire.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8c30ca0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org8c30ca0"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Langues humaines</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
Enánon (à venir)
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/matter">Mattér</a> (<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/matter.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/einnlanda">Einnlandais</a> (<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/einnlanda.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4a170db" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org4a170db"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Proto-langs</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<p>
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/nyqy">Ňyqy</a> (<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr/nyqy.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2019-06-30 dim. 11:22</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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#+include: headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Langues construites de Pundrak
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#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Collection de documents et pages webs de linguistique et de langues construites de Pundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Langues construites de Pundrak" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Collection de documents et pages webs de linguistique et de langues construites de Pundrak" />
* Langues divines
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjalpi][Hjalpi]] ([[https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjalpi/hjalpi.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:hjalpi.org][Hjalpi]] ([[file://hjalpi.pdf][pdf]])
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjelp][Hjelp]] ([[https://langue.phundrak.fr/hjelp.pdf][pdf]]) (remplacement du Hjalpi)
[[file:hjelp.org][Hjelp]] ([[file://hjelp.pdf][pdf]]) (remplacement du Hjalpi)
* Langues draconiennes
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/lijokken][Łijökken]] ([[https:///langue.phundrak.fr/lijokken/lijokken-grammaire.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:lijokken/lijokken-grammaire.org][Łijökken]] ([[file://lijokken/lijokken-grammaire.pdf][pdf]])
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/zohaen][Zöhæň]] ([[https://langue.phundrak.fr/zohaen/zohaen-grammaire.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:zohaen/zohaen-grammaire.org][Zöhæň]] ([[file://zohaen-grammaire.pdf][pdf]])
* Langues humaines
Enánon (à venir)
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/matter][Mattér]] ([[https://langue.phundrak.fr/matter.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:matter.org][Mattér]] ([[file://matter.pdf][pdf]])
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/einnlanda][Einnlandais]] ([[https://langue.phundrak.fr/einnlanda.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:einnlanda.org][Einnlandais]] ([[file://einnlanda.pdf][pdf]])
* Proto-langs
[[https://langue.phundrak.fr/nyqy][Ňyqy]] ([[https://langue.phundrak.fr/nyqy.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:nyqy.org][Ňyqy]] ([[file://nyqy.pdf][pdf]])

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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Glossaire du Łijökken</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org480a71a">1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#org765042f">2. Abréviations</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4148eb0">3. Glossaire</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org086b332">3.1. Actions physiques</a></li>
<li><a href="#org39f1783">3.2. Amour</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd81ca94">3.3. Animaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgffc2631">3.4. Art</a></li>
<li><a href="#org31aea7b">3.5. Astronomie</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0e6148f">3.6. Bâtiments</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge2ba704">3.7. Commerce</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9fa8792">3.8. Conflits</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdb4e252">3.9. Conteneurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9b340a9">3.10. Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7fa7560">3.11. Couleurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orged80c72">3.12. Dimensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1ce91e0">3.13. Eau</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5ab0f2d">3.14. Effort</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2e0a81a">3.15. Éléments</a></li>
<li><a href="#org35d54ff">3.16. Émotions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org26cef2c">3.17. Évaluation</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5ead619">3.18. Événements</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9a036f0">3.19. Existence</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3c15b96">3.20. Famille</a></li>
<li><a href="#org849ed1b">3.21. Forme</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7f6a9e3">3.22. Gouvernement</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga89661f">3.23. Grammaire</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgea7f681">3.24. Guerre</a></li>
<li><a href="#org27f9466">3.25. Légal</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2b9f8c1">3.26. Lieux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4bbcefe">3.27. Lumière</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc493fe1">3.28. Mental</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbd94115">3.29. Mesures</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf425339">3.30. Métaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3a28e6a">3.31. Mouvement</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd842459">3.32. Nature</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc9ea52c">3.33. Nombres</a></li>
<li><a href="#org459ba44">3.34. Nourriture</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgaa4b615">3.35. Outils</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc73b26e">3.36. Parole</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6e51fa6">3.37. Péchés</a></li>
<li><a href="#org070d538">3.38. Physique</a></li>
<li><a href="#org666e7d6">3.39. Possession</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb829f22">3.40. Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org488a864">3.41. Savoir</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7935532">3.42. Sensations</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge291ad1">3.43. Sexe</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc3b9c98">3.44. Société</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0ab9af8">3.45. Substances</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb8b35e1">3.46. Temps</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge9f01b5">3.47. Travail</a></li>
<li><a href="#org41b2bfa">3.48. Végétaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org42b26e5">3.49. Vêtements</a></li>
<li><a href="#org53eb11f">3.50. Vie et santé</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org480a71a" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org480a71a"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Introduction</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org765042f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org765042f"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Abréviations</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>nn</dt><dd>nom neutre</dd>
<dt>nr</dt><dd>nom draconien</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4148eb0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org4148eb0"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Glossaire</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org086b332" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org086b332"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Actions physiques</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org39f1783" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org39f1783"><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> Amour</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd81ca94" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd81ca94"><span class="section-number-3">3.3</span> Animaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgffc2631" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgffc2631"><span class="section-number-3">3.4</span> Art</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org31aea7b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org31aea7b"><span class="section-number-3">3.5</span> Astronomie</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0e6148f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org0e6148f"><span class="section-number-3">3.6</span> Bâtiments</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge2ba704" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge2ba704"><span class="section-number-3">3.7</span> Commerce</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9fa8792" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9fa8792"><span class="section-number-3">3.8</span> Conflits</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdb4e252" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdb4e252"><span class="section-number-3">3.9</span> Conteneurs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9b340a9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9b340a9"><span class="section-number-3">3.10</span> Corps</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7fa7560" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7fa7560"><span class="section-number-3">3.11</span> Couleurs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orged80c72" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orged80c72"><span class="section-number-3">3.12</span> Dimensions</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1ce91e0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1ce91e0"><span class="section-number-3">3.13</span> Eau</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5ab0f2d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org5ab0f2d"><span class="section-number-3">3.14</span> Effort</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2e0a81a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2e0a81a"><span class="section-number-3">3.15</span> Éléments</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org35d54ff" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org35d54ff"><span class="section-number-3">3.16</span> Émotions</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org26cef2c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org26cef2c"><span class="section-number-3">3.17</span> Évaluation</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5ead619" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org5ead619"><span class="section-number-3">3.18</span> Événements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9a036f0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9a036f0"><span class="section-number-3">3.19</span> Existence</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3c15b96" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3c15b96"><span class="section-number-3">3.20</span> Famille</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org849ed1b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org849ed1b"><span class="section-number-3">3.21</span> Forme</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7f6a9e3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7f6a9e3"><span class="section-number-3">3.22</span> Gouvernement</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga89661f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga89661f"><span class="section-number-3">3.23</span> Grammaire</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgea7f681" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgea7f681"><span class="section-number-3">3.24</span> Guerre</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org27f9466" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org27f9466"><span class="section-number-3">3.25</span> Légal</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2b9f8c1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2b9f8c1"><span class="section-number-3">3.26</span> Lieux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4bbcefe" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4bbcefe"><span class="section-number-3">3.27</span> Lumière</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-27">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>ecsuŕn (nn)</dt><dd><code>/etSMr\n/</code> ténèbres, absence de lumière</dd>
<dt>śjìň (nr)</dt><dd><code>/çj1N/</code> flamme draconienne</dd>
<dt>šuìň (nn)</dt><dd><code>/s`M1N/</code> flamme ordinaire</dd>
<dt>us (nr)</dt><dd><code>/Ms\/</code> feu draconien</dd>
<dt>źíň (nn)</dt><dd><code>/j\1N/</code> feu ordinaire</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc493fe1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc493fe1"><span class="section-number-3">3.28</span> Mental</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbd94115" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgbd94115"><span class="section-number-3">3.29</span> Mesures</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf425339" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgf425339"><span class="section-number-3">3.30</span> Métaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3a28e6a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3a28e6a"><span class="section-number-3">3.31</span> Mouvement</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd842459" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd842459"><span class="section-number-3">3.32</span> Nature</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-32">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>csutse (nn)</dt><dd><code>/tSMts\e/</code> volcan éteint
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Étymologie : <i>ecsuŕn</i> + <i>re</i></li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
Pour la race des dragons, il sagit des montagnes les plus pures, bénies par leur dieu et faisant office de lieux de choix concernant leur habitat où ils peuvent trouver des grottes volcaniques. Ces dernières sont souvent utilisées comme des lieux de culte, et les plus puissants de la race des dragons y élisent même parfois domicile.
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>nære (nn)</dt><dd><code>/naRe/</code> colline</dd>
<dt>re (nn)</dt><dd><code>/Re/</code> montagne</dd>
<dt>ërë (nn)</dt><dd><code>/3R3/</code> mont, sommet de montagne</dd>
<dt>źìxe (nr)</dt><dd><code>/j\IXe/</code> volcan actif
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Étymologie : <i>źiň</i> + <i>re</i></li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
Les volcans sont regardés par les dragons comme étant lorigine pure et divine des montagnes. Les volcans actifs sont des lieux de pèlerinage et de vénération pour la race des dragons, trace de lactivité de leur créateur, le dieu du feu.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc9ea52c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc9ea52c"><span class="section-number-3">3.33</span> Nombres</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org459ba44" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org459ba44"><span class="section-number-3">3.34</span> Nourriture</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgaa4b615" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgaa4b615"><span class="section-number-3">3.35</span> Outils</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc73b26e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc73b26e"><span class="section-number-3">3.36</span> Parole</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6e51fa6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6e51fa6"><span class="section-number-3">3.37</span> Péchés</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org070d538" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org070d538"><span class="section-number-3">3.38</span> Physique</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org666e7d6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org666e7d6"><span class="section-number-3">3.39</span> Possession</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb829f22" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb829f22"><span class="section-number-3">3.40</span> Religion</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org488a864" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org488a864"><span class="section-number-3">3.41</span> Savoir</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7935532" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7935532"><span class="section-number-3">3.42</span> Sensations</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge291ad1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge291ad1"><span class="section-number-3">3.43</span> Sexe</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc3b9c98" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc3b9c98"><span class="section-number-3">3.44</span> Société</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0ab9af8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org0ab9af8"><span class="section-number-3">3.45</span> Substances</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb8b35e1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb8b35e1"><span class="section-number-3">3.46</span> Temps</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge9f01b5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge9f01b5"><span class="section-number-3">3.47</span> Travail</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org41b2bfa" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org41b2bfa"><span class="section-number-3">3.48</span> Végétaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org42b26e5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org42b26e5"><span class="section-number-3">3.49</span> Vêtements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org53eb11f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org53eb11f"><span class="section-number-3">3.50</span> Vie et santé</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:20</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
</div>
</body>
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* Introduction
* Abréviations

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<body>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Grammaire du Łijökken</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orga896b5d">1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0bcd1ee">2. Phonologie</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org613d9da">2.1. Voyelles</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgedaf89a">2.2. Consonnes</a></li>
<li><a href="#org19cf922">2.3. Accentuation</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8b22c00">2.4. Règles phonologiques</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-orga896b5d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga896b5d"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
Le Łijökken est une langue draconienne, parlée principalement par les races draconiennes mineures.
</p>
<p>
Les dragons et autres reptiles nont pas de voyelles, doù labsence totale de voyelles arrondies et de consonnes labiales.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0bcd1ee" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org0bcd1ee"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Phonologie</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org613d9da" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org613d9da"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Voyelles</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-right">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">near-front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">central</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">back</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
<td class="org-left">M</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">near-high</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">I</td>
<td class="org-right">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">@\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">3</td>
<td class="org-left">V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low</td>
<td class="org-left">a</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">A</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">near-front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">central</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">back</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">í</td>
<td class="org-left">u</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">near-high</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ì</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">y</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ë</td>
<td class="org-left">o</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low</td>
<td class="org-left">æ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">a</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgedaf89a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgedaf89a"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Consonnes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">dental</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">postalveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">retroflex</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveo-palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">velar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">uvular</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">glottal</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">stop</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">t</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">d`</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">k g</td>
<td class="org-left">q G</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">nasal</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">J</td>
<td class="org-left">N</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">affricate</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">tS dZ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">T D</td>
<td class="org-left">z</td>
<td class="org-left">S Z</td>
<td class="org-left">s` z`</td>
<td class="org-left">s\</td>
<td class="org-left">ç j\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">X R</td>
<td class="org-left">h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">r\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">j</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">K K\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">l</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">dental</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">postalveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">retroflex</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveo-palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">velar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">uvular</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">glottal</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">stop</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">t</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">d</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">k g</td>
<td class="org-left">q ǵ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">nasal</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ń</td>
<td class="org-left">ň</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">affricate</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">cs cz</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">þ ð</td>
<td class="org-left">z</td>
<td class="org-left">S Z</td>
<td class="org-left">š ž</td>
<td class="org-left">s</td>
<td class="org-left">ś ź</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">x r</td>
<td class="org-left">h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ŕ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">j</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ł ļ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">l</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org19cf922" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org19cf922"><span class="section-number-3">2.3</span> Accentuation</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<p>
Deuxième syllabe dun mot
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8b22c00" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8b22c00"><span class="section-number-3">2.4</span> Règles phonologiques</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><code>k &gt; s` / _i</code></li>
<li><code>t / r / _a</code></li>
<li><code>g &gt; h / _h</code></li>
<li><code>t &gt; ? / V_V</code></li>
<li><code>N &gt; w / [stop]_[stop]</code></li>
<li><code>eN &gt; y / _#</code></li>
<li><code>{k,g} &gt; [+palatal] / _E</code></li>
<li><code>T &gt; s / _k</code></li>
<li><code>n &gt; N / #_</code></li>
<li><code>q &gt; h / _#</code></li>
<li><code>l &gt; d` / _{C,#}</code></li>
<li><code>d` &gt; D / _[fricative]</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-12-30 dim. 15:28</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
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@ -249,7 +252,7 @@
<<intro-demography>>
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[[./img/matter_einlant-old-map.jpeg]]
[[file:./img/matter_einlant-old-map.jpg]]
Le Mattér est parlé par un peuple imaginaire vivant sur une île également
imaginaire nommée Éïnlante (/terre solitaire/, /Einlant/ en Mattér), peuplée

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- [[#avant-propos][Avant-propos]]
- [[#introduction][Introduction]]
- [[#note-sur-la-langue-en-tant-que-langue-construite][Note sur la langue en tant que langue construite]]
- [[#notes-sur-la-langue-en-tant-que-langue-réelle][Notes sur la langue en tant que langue réelle]]
- [[#le-nom-de-la-langue][Le nom de la langue]]
- [[#dialectes][Dialectes]]
- [[#phonologie][Phonologie]]
@ -24,7 +30,7 @@
- [[#coda][Coda]]
- [[#inter-syllabe][Inter-syllabe]]
- [[#accentuation][Accentuation]]
- [[#accents-régionaux][Accents régionaux]]
- [[#phonétique-alternative-et-dialectes][Phonétique alternative et dialectes]]
- [[#topologie-morphologique][Topologie morphologique]]
- [[#classes-de-mots][Classes de mots]]
- [[#noms][Noms]]
@ -195,24 +201,48 @@
pouvez lire « mais plus détudes sur le sujet sont nécessaires » ou « cet
aspect de la langue na pas encore été sujet à des analyses plus
approfondies », comprenez par cela que je nai pas encore travaillé sur ou
fini cette partie qui peut être sujet à des mises à jours dans le futur.
fini cette partie qui peut être sujet à des mises à jours dans le futur. En
dehors de la référence à Joseph Windsor ci-dessous, toute référence de style
académique est fictionnelle (cf §[[#h-f2a15be7-ee4e-4ec3-a856-535c9861774f]]).
{{{last-update}}}
{{{newpage}}}
* Introduction
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-2fbe549b-7190-4426-b35f-8c98682deb63
:END:
Le Ňyqy ({{{phon(ɴyqy)}}} ou {{{phon(ɴyʁy)}}}) est une langue prototype
développée a priori. Sa grammaire est analytique, mettant un clair accent sur
la syntaxe plutôt que la morphologie quasiment absente. La langue restera
plutôt simple, et servira à développer suivant des processus naturels dautres
langues descendant du Ňyqy. Jai tout de même essayé de développer cette
langue de façon à autoriser des aspects naturels dans le Ňyqy, comme par
exemple son inventaire phonétique ou sa différentiation des temps, aspects et
modes, inspiré par la présentation de [[https://sites.google.com/view/joseph-windsor][Joseph Windsor]] lors de la Language
Creation Conference 8.
** Note sur la langue en tant que langue construite
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f2a15be7-ee4e-4ec3-a856-535c9861774f
:END:
Le Ňyqy ({{{phon(ɴyqy)}}} ou {{{phon(ɴyʁy)}}}) est une langue prototype
développée a priori. Sa grammaire est analytique, mettant un clair accent sur
la syntaxe plutôt que la morphologie quasiment absente. La langue restera
plutôt simple, et servira à développer suivant des processus naturels
dautres langues descendant du Ňyqy. Jai tout de même essayé de développer
cette langue de façon à autoriser des aspects naturels dans le Ňyqy, comme
par exemple son inventaire phonétique ou sa différentiation des temps,
aspects et modes, inspiré par la présentation de [[https://sites.google.com/view/joseph-windsor][Joseph Windsor]] lors de la
Language Creation Conference 8 (2019).
** Notes sur la langue en tant que langue réelle
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-da09cfc9-f1e0-4e38-ae49-a859d988caa0
:END:
Le Ňyqy est une langue parlée il y a quelques huit millénaires environ ; les
estimations vont de 4.000 ans à 11.000 ans avant notre êre. Cette langue est
ancêtre de la quasi-totalité des langues de notre monde actuel, avec quelques
exceptions notoires tels que le Énanonn qui reste encore très mystérieux à
bien des égards, ou bien le Hjelp Moderne, descendant directs de plusieurs
dialectes variés du Hjelp Vulgaire, eux-même simplifications et descendants
du Hjelp Originel.
Le Ňyqy était, selon toutes évidences, une langue très analytique, reposant
bien plus sur sa syntaxe que sa morphologie quasi-inexistante. Globalement,
il sagit également dune langue où la tête dune proposition se trouve à la
fin de cette dernière, conduisant à un ordre principalement OSV, le
possesseur se trouvant après le possédé, etc…
** Le nom de la langue
:PROPERTIES:
@ -222,20 +252,37 @@
Le nom de la langue est le pronom personel de la première personne du pluriel
en Ňyqy, qui sanalyse par « ňy » signifiant /6/ (le Ňyqy comptant en base
cinq, il sagit dun moyen de signifier la pluralité), ou /plusieurs/, ou
/beaucoup/, et « qy », signifiant /soi/, /moi/.
/beaucoup/, et « qy », signifiant /soi/, /moi/. Il nest pas certain que les
locuteurs se référaient à leur langue ainsi, voire sils sy référaient tout
simplement, mais plusieurs éléments tendent à laisser penser que ce serait le
cas (Loqbrekh et Khorlan, /Université de Ðbńo/, 3598).
** Dialectes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-07afd07d-322c-40f3-996e-fdee03621138
:END:
Plusieurs dialectes ou prononciations du Ňyqy sont possibles et sont
présentés dans le chapitre sur la phonologie
§[[#h-256a0004-69b5-4610-9e74-e16468d25d57]].
Plusieurs dialectes du Ňyqy existèrent probablement, cependant lancienneté
de cette langue rend très difficile leur existance et leurs spécificités. Les
variations phonétiques les plus probables seront discutées lors du chapitre
§[[#h-46a4bc1b-156e-4c7b-ac36-6c2e13ccda21]].
{{{newpage}}}
* Phonologie
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-256a0004-69b5-4610-9e74-e16468d25d57
:END:
La phonologie dune langue est létude des sons qui la composent, ainsi que
lorganisation et linteraction de ces derniers entre eux. Cela a des
conséquences importantes, comme la caractéristique esthétique sonore de la
langue, ou bien les variations possible dans la prononciation de certains sons
qui peuvent paraître naturelles pour les locuteurs natifs de la langue, mais
pas nécessairement pour nous. Même si plus personne ne parle cette langue
actuellement, il me semble important pour les étudiants de langues anciennes
de pouvoir associer des sons aux divers mots et aux diverses phrases quils
rencontreront ; il sagit dune langue, après tout! Dans ce chapitre,
jessaierai de présenter ce qui est connu de la phonologie du Ňyqy afin que
lon puisse se faire une idée de ce à quoi ressemblait cette langue
lorsquelle était parlée il y a plusieurs millénaires.
** Notes sur la transcription du Ňyqy
:PROPERTIES:
@ -329,8 +376,8 @@
- V → [-tense] / {q,ɢ,ɴ}_
- C_1 → [+geminated] / _C_{1}
- C_1 → ∅ / C_{1}_
- {ɢ,q} → [+high] / V_V
- C_1 → ∅ / C_{1}_
- {ɢ,q} → [+high] / V_V
** Phonotaxes
:PROPERTIES:
@ -389,7 +436,7 @@
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3f8bdebe-b8ec-48c2-bbad-ed5fa28786bf
:END:
** Accents régionaux
** Phonétique alternative et dialectes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-46a4bc1b-156e-4c7b-ac36-6c2e13ccda21
:END:
@ -424,11 +471,13 @@
{{{phon(χ)}}} et {{{phon(ʁ)}}} eurent été allophones de {{{phon(q)}}} et
{{{phon(ɢ)}}} respectivement.
{{{newpage}}}
* Topologie morphologique
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fe5337ed-1549-42cb-a622-7cae04b17268
:END:
{{{newpage}}}
* Classes de mots
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3538358d-9f9c-412f-9679-6ada0b463058
@ -510,80 +559,199 @@
:END:
** Adjectifs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c37d70f8-3302-4f97-a2d7-5a50470fd8bd
:END:
** Adverbes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6149be34-61ff-43d5-8cbc-0412372db15e
:END:
{{{newpage}}}
* Ordre des constituants basiques
:PROPERTIES:
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:END:
** Clauses principales
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-49826669-bd02-4ce3-854b-0c798cad73ca
:END:
** Phrase prépositionnelles
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-39e1b853-a19a-42c1-80ec-c56351eca9dc
:END:
** Phrases nominales
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3d65c398-dfcf-4a43-9089-208362fbcf0a
:END:
*** Modificateurs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a946cd57-11b8-4332-b1c6-763e4bf32b01
:END:
*** Constructions génitives
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5ce5d039-d91d-4890-98b3-9cd4c2faeb19
:END:
*** Clauses relatives
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-47f97fef-8359-4b72-bec5-d3d2f8505619
:END:
** Phrases verbales
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-054fb186-baa0-4a80-9b2f-11fc274f6a53
:END:
** Comparatifs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-74cb9419-f8c5-4801-aa7d-67184d86a526
:END:
** Résumé
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a084b2ff-bbd4-4e57-990f-84a74c72abf9
:END:
{{{newpage}}}
* Prédicats nominaux
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8a07ef6d-44b3-48e1-bd10-ff28143e7da7
:END:
{{{newpage}}}
* Phrases existentielles, locationnelles et possessives
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fcd824dc-da65-40f8-adca-d9d13947a6c2
:END:
{{{newpage}}}
* Expression des relations grammaticales
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8bb279aa-222e-4c4a-95b7-88602377f3cd
:END:
** Déclinaison Noms
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ce86ff0c-feaa-4357-8327-227a7be4bb65
:END:
*** Déclinaison
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fb372bff-ba9d-47a2-97ab-1cc5c6ed7b9e
:END:
**** Noms masculins forts
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a9990376-200b-4a30-9be0-4759675b909b
:END:
*** Possession
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-aadc5294-179f-4ae9-9409-4c804b29a6e4
:END:
** Déclinaison — Pronoms
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f48c5a27-b4f4-45c7-b628-5070f917a122
:END:
** Accord des verbes
:PROPERTIES:
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:END:
*** Indicatif
:PROPERTIES:
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:END:
**** Perfectif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fd252291-db22-4a6d-9c51-c3b863aa6546
:END:
**** Imperfectif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8479bd18-202e-4b78-97f8-009aad2a121b
:END:
*** Impératif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-91e037d4-f36e-4fe0-ad68-761702afab9f
:END:
*** Jussif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0a766e02-5fbd-45fc-add2-3fae3c4b7af1
:END:
*** Participes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fddf44de-8920-4d47-a816-444ec1c66448
:END:
** Déclinaison et accord des adjectifs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-9af7e880-28ec-4ff0-b791-2f23701f4c89
:END:
*** Nominalisation
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c60415ed-7eda-41a8-b9ee-af5985f5e246
:END:
{{{newpage}}}
* Temps, aspects et modes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-124c0d45-0120-4e9b-9f98-4d726b269944
:END:
** Temps
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-13c2c042-bbea-43c8-b156-61313288f3ae
:END:
** Aspect
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8604433a-8db9-46db-a888-8d4e6d25243b
:END:
** Modaux auxiliaires
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a4bed967-224d-4cca-99c6-c7d7b509b638
:END:
** Causatif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-cd1e7046-8de8-4a61-8a61-c889ddd2e3b8
:END:
*** Causatif lexical
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5f502419-e97b-4ef1-aee6-811ecbbd9406
:END:
*** Causatif analytique
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c16ff844-e7b2-4b6e-b4f2-6795e36f7684
:END:
** Passif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-79726aee-a02a-4052-96aa-9f81c3db0e43
:END:
** Réflexif
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: h-966834c1-e605-44fc-8d51-8342e1684d6d
:END:
** Réciproque
@ -595,8 +763,10 @@
** Impératif
{{{newpage}}}
* Négation
{{{newpage}}}
* Combination de clauses
** Clauses relatives
@ -613,10 +783,13 @@
** Coordination
{{{newpage}}}
* Structures marquées pragmatiquement
{{{newpage}}}
* Nombres
{{{newpage}}}
* Glossaire
** Actions physiques

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Copyright (c) 2011 Jonas Mosbech
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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#+TITLE: Ressources grammaticales du Hjalpi Vernaculaire
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[[file:old-hjalpi-grammaire.html][Grammaire]] ([[file:old-hjalpi-grammaire.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:vernacular-hjalpi/vernacular-hjalpi-grammaire.org][Grammaire]] ([[file:vernacular-hjalpi/vernacular-hjalpi-grammaire.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:old-hjalpi-grammaire-2.html][Grammaire V2]] ([[file:old-hjalpi-grammaire-2.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:vernacular-hjalpi/vernacular-hjalpi-grammaire-2.org][Grammaire V2]] ([[file:old-hjalpi-grammaire-2.pdf][pdf]])
[[file:old-hjalpi-dictionnaire.html][Dictionnaire]] ([[file:old-hjalpi-dictionnaire.pdf][pdf]])

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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Ressources grammaticales du Hjalpi Vernaculaire
<br />
<span class="subtitle">🔴 Développement suspendu</span>
</h1>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<a href="old-hjalpi-grammaire.html">Grammaire</a> (<a href="old-hjalpi-grammaire.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="old-hjalpi-grammaire-2.html">Grammaire V2</a> (<a href="old-hjalpi-grammaire-2.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="old-hjalpi-dictionnaire.html">Dictionnaire</a> (<a href="old-hjalpi-dictionnaire.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="old-hjalpi-cas-grammaticaux.html">Cas grammaticaux</a> (<a href="old-hjalpi-cas-grammaticaux.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
<p>
<a href="old-hjalpi-cas-grammaticaux-2.html">Cas grammaticaux V2</a> (<a href="old-hjalpi-cas-grammaticaux-2.pdf">pdf</a>)
</p>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:26</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Cas grammaticaux du Hjalpi Vernaculaire</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgc67442a">1. Chart for review for the basic cases</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcba8038">2. Location</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd15b608">3. Motion from</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4062556">4. Motion to</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb8ffd2d">5. Motion via</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6f8234d">6. Time</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6956993">7. Morphosyntactic alignment</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgee274df">8. Relation</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcd69b92">9. Semantics</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9383ebc">10. State</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Grammatical states marques with a star (*) are grammatical states that do not exist <b>as declensions</b> in the Divine Language.
</p>
<div id="outline-container-orgc67442a" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgc67442a"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Chart for review for the basic cases</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">interior</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">surface</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">adjacency</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">state</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><i>from</i></td>
<td class="org-left">Elative</td>
<td class="org-left">Delative</td>
<td class="org-left">Ablative</td>
<td class="org-left">Excessive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><i>at/in</i></td>
<td class="org-left">Inessive</td>
<td class="org-left">Superessive</td>
<td class="org-left">Adessive</td>
<td class="org-left">Essive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><i>(in)to</i></td>
<td class="org-left">Illative</td>
<td class="org-left">Sublative</td>
<td class="org-left">Allative</td>
<td class="org-left">Translative</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left"><i>via</i></td>
<td class="org-left">Perlative</td>
<td class="org-left">Prolative</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcba8038" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcba8038"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Location</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Adessive case ADE <i>iŗ-</i></dt><dd>adjacent location</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: near/at/by the house, <i>íŗmén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Antessive case ANTE <i>vwo-</i></dt><dd>anterior location</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: before the house, <i>vwómén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Apudessive case APUD <i>ne-</i></dt><dd>location next to something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: next to the house, <i>némén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Inessive case <i>-ŕo-</i></dt><dd>inside something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: inside the house, <i>méŕón</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Intrative case ITRT <i>-fu-</i></dt><dd>between something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: between the houses, <i>méfún</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Locative case LOC <i>la-</i></dt><dd>location (general case)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: at/on/in the house, <i>lámén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Pertingent case <i>ma-</i></dt><dd>in contact with something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: touching the house, <i>mámén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Postessive case POSTE <i>-uß</i></dt><dd>posterior location</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: behind the house, <i>ménúß</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Subessive case SUBE <i>nwo-</i></dt><dd>under something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: under/below the house, <i>nwómén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Superessive case SUPE <i>ßta-</i></dt><dd>on the surface</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: on (top of) the house, <i>ßtámén</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd15b608" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd15b608"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Motion from</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Ablative case ABL <i>li-</i></dt><dd>movement away from something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: away from the house, <i>límén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Delative case DEL <i>ßa-</i></dt><dd>movement from the surface</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: from (the top of) the house, <i>ßámén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Egressive case EGRE</dt><dd>marking the beginning of a movement or time</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: beginning from the house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Elative case ELA <i>-ykń</i></dt><dd>out of something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: out of the house, <i>ménýkń</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Initiative case INITI <i>-akļ</i></dt><dd>starting point of an action</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: beginning from the house, <i>ménákļ</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4062556" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org4062556"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Motion to</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Allative case ALL <i>-li-</i></dt><dd><ul class="org-ul">
<li>*in Hungarian and in Finnish: movement to (the adjacency of). Example: to the house</li>
<li>in Estonian and in Finnish: movement onto something. Example: onto the house, <i>mélín</i></li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>Illative case ILL <i>-ën-</i></dt><dd>movement into something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: into the house, <i>mênén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Lative case LAT <i>-la</i></dt><dd>movement to something (general case)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: to/into the house, <i>ménlá</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Sublative case SUBL <i>-iţ</i></dt><dd>movement onto the surface or below something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: on(to) the house / under the house, <i>méníţ</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Terminative case TERM <i>-aen</i></dt><dd>marking the end of a movement or time</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: as far as the house, <i>ménáén</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb8ffd2d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgb8ffd2d"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Motion via</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Perlative case PER <i>žu-</i></dt><dd>movement through or along</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: through/along the house, <i>žúmén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Prolative case PROL <i>še-</i></dt><dd>movement using a surface or way (= prosecutive case, vialis case)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: by way of/through the house, <i>šémén</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6f8234d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org6f8234d"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Time</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Accusative case ACC <i>-źu</i></dt><dd>indicating duration of time known as the <b>accusative of duration of time</b></dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: for many years, <i>łaižegźu</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Essive case ESS <i>-oiþyd-</i></dt><dd>used for specifying days and dates when something happens</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: on the first day of the week, <i>žóíþýdójorém</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Limitative case LIMIT <i>-amp</i></dt><dd>specifying a deadline</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: by the first day of the week, <i>žójorémámp</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Temporal case TEMP <i>-igni</i></dt><dd>specifying a time</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: at seven oclock, <i>ţuheol ţupńtwan ţéálnatigni</i> (GEN-hour GEN-seven precise-TEMP, at the precise hour of seven)
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6956993" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org6956993"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> Morphosyntactic alignment</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Absolutive case (1) ABS <i>-a</i></dt><dd>patient, experiencer; subject of an intransitive verb and direct object of a transitive verb. <b>In the divine language, the absolutive case is only used for the subject of an intransitive verb.</b></dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: he pushed the <b>door</b> and <b>it</b> opened, <i>kjaŗa</i> (door)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Absolutive case (2) ABS</dt><dd>patient, involuntary experiencer</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: he pushed the <b>door</b> and <b>it</b> opened; <b>he</b> slipped
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Absolutive case (3) ABS</dt><dd>patient, experiencer; instrument</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: he pushed the <b>door</b> with his <b>hand</b> and <b>it</b> opened
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Accusative case (1)</dt><dd>patient</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: he pushed the <b>door</b> and it opened
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Accusative case (2) ACC <i>-vo</i></dt><dd>direct object of a transitive verb</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: I see <b>her</b>, <i>kjeŗvo</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Agentive case AGE <i>te-</i></dt><dd>agent, specifies or asks about <i>who</i> or <i>what</i>; specific agent that is subset of a</dd>
</dl>
<p>
general topic or subject. Equivalent to the -ga particle in Japanese
Example: it was <b>she</b> who committed the crime; as for him, his <b>head</b> hurts, <i>tekjeŗ</i>, <i>tegar</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Ergative case ERG <i>-jo</i></dt><dd>agent; subject of a transitive verb</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: <b>he</b> pushed the door and it opened
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Ergative-genitive case EGN</dt><dd>agent, possession</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: <b>he</b> pushed the door and it opened; <b>her</b> dog
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Instructive INSTRUCTIVE <i>-eň</i></dt><dd>means, answers question <i>how?</i></dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: by the means of the houses, <i>ménéň</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Instrumental INS/INSTR <i>-dļ</i></dt><dd>instrument, answers question <i>using which thing?</i></dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: with the house, <i>méndļ</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Instrumental-comitative case</dt><dd>instrument, in company of something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: with the house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Nominative case (1)</dt><dd>agent, experiencer; subject of a transitive or intransitive verb</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: <b>he</b> pushed the door and <b>it</b> opened
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Nominative case (2)</dt><dd>agent; voluntary experiencer</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: <b>he</b> pushed the door and it opened; <b>she</b> paused
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Nominative case NOM (3) <i>pa-</i></dt><dd>In the divine language, the person linked to the word; transforms a verbal group into a nominal group</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: horseman, <i>panael</i> (the man linked to horses, implied riding horses)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Objective case (1) OBJ</dt><dd>direct or indirect object of verb</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: I saw <b>her</b>; I gave <b>her</b> the book
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Objective/Oblique (2)</dt><dd>direct or indirect object of verb or object of preposition; a catch-all case for any situation except nominative or genitive</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: I saw <b>her</b>; I gave <b>her</b> the book; with <b>her</b>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Oblique case OBL <i>-ŗeß</i></dt><dd>all-round case; any situation except nominative or vocative. In the divine language, is used to quote the element</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: concerning the house, <i>ménŗéß</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Intransitive case INTR <i>-ai</i></dt><dd>the subject of an intransitive verb or the logical complement of a transitive verb (= passive or patient case)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: the <b>door</b> opened, <i>mělai</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Pegative case PEG <i>ey-</i></dt><dd>agent in a clause with a dative argument</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: <b>he</b> gave the book to him, <i>eykjaŗ</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgee274df" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgee274df"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> Relation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Ablative case <i>łe-</i></dt><dd>all-round indirect case</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: concerning the house, <i>łémén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Aversive case EVIT <i>-ńþ-</i></dt><dd>avoiding or fear</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: avoiding the house, <i>mńþén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Benefactive case BEN</dt><dd>for, for the benefit of, intended for</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: for the house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Causal case CAUS <i>-oby</i></dt><dd>because, because of</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: because of the house, <i>ménóbý</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Causal-final case</dt><dd>efficient or final cause</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: for a house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Comitative case COM <i>-ðei-</i></dt><dd>in company of something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: with the house, <i>méðéín</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Dative case DAT <i>-at-</i></dt><dd>shows directon or recipient</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: for/to the house, <i>mátén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Distributive case DISTR <i>xelje-</i></dt><dd>distribution by piece</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: per house, <i>xéljémén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Distributive-temporal case <i>-be</i></dt><dd>how often something happens</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: on Sundays, <i>ðúbémbé</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Genitive case GEN <i>ţu-</i></dt><dd>shows relationship, possesssion</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: of the house; the houses, <i>ţúmén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Ornative case</dt><dd>endowment with something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: equipped with a house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Possessed case POSS</dt><dd>possession by something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: the house is owned by someone
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Privative case <i>ei-</i></dt><dd>lacking something (in general)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: without a houses, <i>éímén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Semplative case <i>-ŗwo</i></dt><dd>similarity to something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: that tree is <b>like a house</b>, <i>ménŗwó</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Sociative case <i>to-</i></dt><dd>along with something, together with something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: with the house, <i>tómén</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcd69b92" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcd69b92"><span class="section-number-2">9</span> Semantics</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Partitive case PTV/PART <i>-ili-</i></dt><dd>used for amounts</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: three (of the) houses, <i>mílíén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Prepositional case PREP</dt><dd>when certain prepositions precede the noun</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Postpositional case POST</dt><dd>when certain preposition follows the noun</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: in/on/about the house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Vocative case VOC <i>-wa</i></dt><dd>used for addressing someone, with or without a preposition</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: Hey, father! O father! Father!, <i>pánámwá</i>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9383ebc" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9383ebc"><span class="section-number-2">10</span> State</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-10">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Abessive case ABE/ABESS <i>e-</i></dt><dd>the lack of something, a particular thing</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: without the house, <i>émén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Adverbial case ADV <i>-ei</i></dt><dd>being as something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: as a house, <i>ménéí</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Comparative case COMP <i>-oit</i></dt><dd>similarity with something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: similar to the house, compared to the house, <i>ménóít</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Equative case <i>-ńt</i></dt><dd>comparison with something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: like the house, <i>ménńt</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Essive case <i>-oiþyd-</i></dt><dd>temporary state of being, general use (essive-formal or essive-modal undefined, or both)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: as the house, <i>móíþýdén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Essive-formal case <i>-ëd</i></dt><dd>marking a condition as a quality (a kind of shape)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: as a house, <i>ménêd</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Essive-modal case <i>-uug</i></dt><dd>marking a condition as a quality (a way of being)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: as a house, <i>ménúúg</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Exessive case</dt><dd>marking a transition from a condition</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: from being a house (i.e., “it stops being a house”)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Formal case</dt><dd>marking a condition as a quality</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: as a house
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Identical case <i>-etur</i></dt><dd>showing that something is identical</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: being identical to the house, <i>ménétúr</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Orientative case ORI <i>fo-</i></dt><dd>oriented towards something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: turned towards the house, <i>fómén</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Revertive case <i>-ňo-</i></dt><dd>backwards to something</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: against the house, <i>méňón</i>
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Translative case TRANSL <i>-in</i></dt><dd>change of a condition into another</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Example: (turning) into a house, <i>ménín</i>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:20</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
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<h1 class="title">Cas grammaticaux du Hjalpi Vernaculaire</h1>
<p>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Le Hjalpi verniculaire (je my référerai plus tard comme «Hjalpi» uniquement) est une langue ergative (le sujet du verbe intransitif et du verbe transitif ne sont pas confondus) (comme le tibétain)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Transitivité</dt><dd>aptitude ou non à gérer un objet</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Un verbe transitif ne s'utilise (en français) que quand l'objet est connu par le contexte ("Il mange").
</p>
<p>
Ne pas confondre emploi intransitif et verbe intransitif : un verbe intransitif n'accepte jamais de complément d'objet direct ou indirect. Il n'accepte que des compléments circonstanciels.
</p>
<p>
Le COD (complément d'objet direct) est en syntaxe un type de complément d'objet du verbe d'action employé à la voix active. Il se construit sans préposition. Permet de répondre à la question "quoi ?" (il éclaire (quoi ?) la pièce).
</p>
<p>
Le cas Syncrétique est une fusion en un seul élément de plusieurs traits grammaticaux.
</p>
<p>
Un exemple sera donné avec le terme <i>mén</i>, «livre» et <i>raëm</i>, «maison» (le bâtiment).
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Abessif (= Caritif) <i>e-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant l'absence d'une chose. Correspond en Français à la
préposition « sans » Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"sans parler"</li>
<li>"excepté" (= "sans prendre dans le nombre")</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>émén</i> : sans livre<br />
<i>eraëm</i> : sans maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Ablatif (depuis) <i>li-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le déplacement à partir d'un lieu ouvert. Exemple&nbsp;: "Je viens <i>de Paris</i>"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>límén</i> : depuis lextérieur du livre<br />
<i>liraëm</i> : depuis lextérieur de la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Absolutif <i>-a</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical marquant le sujet de verbes intransitifs et l'objet des verbes transitifs. <b>En opposition au cas ergatif qui marque le sujet des verbes transitifs.</b> Dans le Hjalpi, il sagit juste du sujet du verbe intransitif. Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"<i>Je</i> suis tombé"</li>
<li>"Jai bu <i>du lait</i>"</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>méná</i> : le livre (sujet du verbe intransitif)<br />
<i>raëma</i> : la maison (idem)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Accusatif <i>-vo</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le COD, l'actant qui subit l'action exercée par le sujet d'un verbe transitif direct actif. <b>Dans les langues ergatives, peut être assumé par le cas absolutif.</b> Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"Elle a collé la photo <i>sur la porte</i>"</li>
<li>"La photo est collée <i>sur la porte</i>" = datif</li>
<li>"L'homme <i>dont</i> je parle"</li>
<li>"L'homme lit une <i>lettre</i>" ("lettre") ("lhomme" ergatif ou nominatif)</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménvó</i> : le livre (objet)<br />
<i>raëmvo</i> : la maison (idem)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Adessif <i>iŗ-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant la position en un lieu ouvert ou à proximité immédiate de quelque chose. Exemple&nbsp;: "<i>près du</i> mur"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>íŗmén</i> : près du livre<br />
<i>iŗraëm</i> : près de la maison (sous-entendu dehors)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Allatif (vers) <i>-li-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le lieu non clos vers lequel se produit un mouvement. Complémentaire de l'ablatif en exprimant le mouvement en direction opposée, et l'adessif se situe entre les deux en exprimant la position en un lieu non clos sans mouvement. Exemple&nbsp;: "je vais <i>à</i> la plage"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>mélín</i> : vers le livre (toujours à lextérieur)<br />
<i>raëlin</i> : vers la maison (sans aller à lintérieur)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Bénéfactif</dt><dd>Trait grammatical exprimant le rôle sémantique dévolu à une entité bénéficiaire d'un procès, càd affectée de manière avantaguese pour elle par une action ou une situation. Il s'agit souvent de datif. En Finnois, est marqué par l'allatif. L'autobénéfactif est un sens possible de la voix moyenne en grec et sanskrit. Représenté en langue divine par le datif. Exemple&nbsp;: "Un parent a dessiné un cheval <i>pour</i> l'enfant".</dd>
<dt>Causal <i>-oby</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical marquant la raison ou le motif de l'action exprimée par le verbe principal (utilisation du "kara" en Japonais)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménóbý</i> : du fait du livre, à cause/grâce au livre<br />
<i>raënoby</i> : du fait de la maison, à cause/grâce à la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Comitatif <i>-ðei-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant l'accompagnement. Équivalent français : la proposition "avec". Exemple : "Il est venu <i>avec</i> ses amis"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>méðéín</i> : avec le livre<br />
<i>raëðein</i> : avec la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Datif <i>-at-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant l'objet indirect ou second, càd l'actant dit bénéficiaire (à ne pas confondre avec le bénéfactif que le datif représente souvent). Peut marquer dans beaucoup de langues la possession. Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"J'ai cassé <i>le vase</i>"</li>
<li><i>J</i>'ai un livre (Tibétain: "nga la dpe-cha yod", "nga")</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>mátén</i> : pour le livre<br />
<i>rataën</i> : pour la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Délatif <i>ßa-</i></dt><dd>Cas locatif séparatif externe qui exprime le point de départ d'un lieu géographique et qui plus précisément peut exprimer la surface d'un support depuis laquelle un déplacement s'effectue. Exemple&nbsp;: "Je suis tombé <i>du toit</i>.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ßámén</i> : depuis le livre (sous entendu depuis sa couverture)<br />
<i>ßaraën</i> : depuis la maison (sous entendu du toit)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Direct</dt><dd>Cas grammatical comprenant la forme de citation des mots (ou lemme). Fonctionne par opposition au cas oblique. Applications :
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Premier sens: désigne le nominatif comme forme de citation, en opposition aux autres cas dits obliques</li>
<li>Par spécialisation, peut désigner dans une déclinaison à deux cas celui qui s'emploie comme forme de citation, l'autre étant oblique</li>
<li>Réemployé pour désigner un cas syncrétique couvrant à la fois les fonctions syntaxiques de sujet et d'objet, dans un système comportant par ailleurs un ou plusieurs autres cas obliques.</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>Directif <i>-lë</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical indiquant un changement de lieu. Exemple&nbsp;: "Je vais <i>dans la pièce</i>."</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>lêmén</i> : vers le livre (sous entendu le livre étant dans un autre lieu)<br />
<i>lëraën</i> : vers la maison (sous entendu dans la maison depuis un autre lieu)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Distributif <i>xelje-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical indiquant une distribution égale. Exemple&nbsp;: "cinq médecins <i>par commune</i>"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>xéljémén</i> : pour chaque livre<br />
<i>xeljeraën</i> : pour chaque maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Élatif <i>-ły</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le lieu de l'intérieur duquel provient le mouvement. Ex: "En sortant <i>de la maison</i>"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménłý</i> : depuis lintérieur du livre ou de son contenu<br />
<i>raënły</i> : depuis lintérieur de la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Équatif = Comparatif <i>-ńt</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical marquant la comparaison, l'assimilation ou l'identité. Ex :
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><i>comme</i> une flèche</li>
<li>feindre ne rien voir (rien voyant <i>comme</i> soi-même)</li>
<li>il mange <i>comme</i> un cochon</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménńt</i> : comme un livre<br />
<i>raënńt</i> : comme une maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Ergatif <i>-jo</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical marquant le sujet des verbes transitifs, en opposition à l'absolutif. Exemple&nbsp;: <i>J</i>'ai bu du lait.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménjó</i> : livre (sujet dun verbe transitif)<br />
<i>raënjo</i> : maison (sujet dun verbe transitif)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Essif <i>-oiþyd-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant un état ou une qualité. Peut exprimer le temps et
le locatif. Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"en tant qu'enfant" ("enfant"+essif)</li>
<li>"au Lundi" ("lundi"+essif)</li>
<li>"à la maison" ("maison"+essif)</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>móíþýdén</i> : « <i>bookness</i> » en anglais<br />
<i>roiþydaën</i> : « <i>houseness</i> » en anglais
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Génitif <i>ţu-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical utilisé pour marquer un complément de nom. Exprime également la possession dans de nombreuses langues. Équivalent de l'apostrohpe en Anglais (car souvent appelé avec le possessif). Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"La maison <i>de Marie</i>"</li>
<li>"La jambe <i>de Marie</i>"</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ţúmén</i> : &#x2026; du livre (<i>books</i> en anglais)<br />
<i>ţuraën</i> : &#x2026; de la maison (<i>houses</i> en anglais)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Illatif <i>-ën-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le lieu vers l'intérieur duquel se produit un déplacement. Ex : "vers l'intérieur de la maison"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>mênén</i> : vers lintérieur du livre, vers son contenu<br />
<i>rënaën</i> : vers lintérieur de la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Inessif <i>-ŕo-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical indiquant le lieu dans lequel se déroule le procès exprimé par le verbe. Correspond à la préposition française "dans". Exemple&nbsp;: "<i>dans</i> la maison"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>méŕón</i> : dans le livre, dans son contenu<br />
<i>raëŕon</i> : dans la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Instructif</dt><dd>Cas gramatical utilisé pour marquer la manière dont s'accomplis le procès exprimé par le verbe. Exprimé dans le Hjalpi par linstrumental. Exemple&nbsp;: "Je suis venu <i>à pied</i>" (au moyen de)</dd>
<dt>Instrumental <i>-dļ</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant principalement l'instrument (actant dit instrument), le moyen par lequel s'accomplit l'action. Correspond à la préposition française "avec". Peut s'utiliser avec "à l'aide de", "au moyen de". Exemple&nbsp; : "Il peint <i>avec</i> un pinceau".</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>méndļ</i> : au moyen dun livre, grâce à un livre
<i>raëndļ</i> : au moyen de la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Latif <i>-og</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical indiquant un déplacement en direction d'un endroit déterminé, avec une idée de limitation du mouvement. Correspond aux préposition françaises "jusqu'à", "à", "aussi loin que".</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménóg</i> : jusquau livre
<i>raënog</i> : jusquà la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Locatif <i>la-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant la localisation dans l'espace (sans mouvement), le lieu où se déroule l'action par le verbe. Peut se subdiviser en plusieurs cas spécifiques, selon que le lieu soit fermé (inessif) ou ouvert (adessif, superessif). Exemple&nbsp;: "J'habite à Paris"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>láraën</i> à la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Nominatif</dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant la fonction syntaxique de sujet d'un verbe transitif ou intransitif, càd l'actant dit acteur, ou sujet patient. Utilisé pour indiquer le sujet d'une phrase, soit pour indiquer un attribut d'un sujet au nominatif ("il est un homme", "il devient un homme", "il semble être un homme"). En revanche, l'interjection et l'exclamation sont rendues par le vocatif. Dans les langues ergatives, on tend à plutôt utiliser l'ergatif et l'absolutif. Non utilisé en langue divine. Exemple&nbsp;: "L'<i>homme</i> lit une <i>lettre</i>" ("homme" nominatif, "lettre" accusatif)</dd>
<dt>Oblique <i>-ŗeß</i></dt><dd>Tout type de cas grammatical autre que celui servant de forme de citation (ou de forme canonique). Fonctionne en opposition avec la notion de cas direct. Dans le Hjalpi, placé après un élément autre quun verbe, cela équivaut à le placer entre guillemets pour citer tel quel lélément. Après un verbe, toute la phrase construite autour de ce verbe devient alors une citation. Loblique peut également être utiliser pour mettre en valeur lélément décliné : « il sagit de <i>la Tour</i> »</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménŗéß</i> le « livre »<br />
<i>raënŗeß</i> la « maison »
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Partitif <i>-ili-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical marquant la partie d'un tout. Considéré comme un nombre et non comme un cas dans certaines langues. Exemple&nbsp;: "Il mange <i>de la</i> purée"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>mílíén</i> : une partie du livre<br />
<i>riliaën</i> : une partie de la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Perlatif <i>žu-</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le lieu par lequel, auprès duquel, le long duquel on passe. Exemple&nbsp;: "Je marche le long du fleuve"</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>žúmén</i> : près du lieu où se trouve le livre (la notion de lieu est implicice à la déclinaison, décliner un objet implicite le lieu lié à cet objet)<br />
<i>žuraën</i> : près / le long de la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Possessif</dt><dd>Cas grammatical marquant une relation de possession. Souvent noté par le génitif dans les langues disposant de déclinaisons. Le datif prend également un sens possessif dans d'autres langues également, ainsi que l'adessif. En Anglais, le possessif est marqué par le "'s", et par le "no" en Japonais.</dd>
<dt>Prolatif -uþel-</dt><dd>Cas grammatical expriment le lieu ou le milieu à travers lequel se déroule un mouvement, ou encore le vecteur (support, médium) d'un déplacement ou d'un transfert d'information.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>múþélén</i> : (se déplacer) dans un livre (recherche dinformation, lire le liver), via le livre (peut se référer à son contenu, une histoire ou des informations transmises au moyen dun livre)<br />
<i>ruþelaën</i> : (quelquun sest déplacé) dans la maison
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>*Superlatif</dt><dd>Cas locatif directif externe. Il exprime le lieu sur lequel on va (en général équivalent à l'allatif finnois). Est utilisé en Finnois pour créer des adverbes de lieu dynamique externe. Exprimé en langue divine via lallatif. Utilisation de lallatif en langue divine.</dd>
<dt>Superessif <i>oi-</i></dt><dd>Cas locatif statique externe. Exprime un lieu sur lequel on est (en général équivalent à un adessif finnois). Est utilisé en Finnois pour créer des adverbes de lieu statique externe.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>óímén</i> : vers le livre (sur sa surface plane, sa couverture)<br />
<i>oiraën</i> : vers la maison (son toit, son mur)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Terminatif <i>-eg</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant la limite spatiale ou temporelle, le point ultime d'un déplacement ou d'une période de temps. Correspond à la préposition française "jusqu'à". Nest utilisé que pour la notion de temps en langue divine. Exemple&nbsp;:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>"jusqu'à la maison"</li>
<li>"jusqu'au soir"</li>
</ul></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>jánég</i> : jusquau soir (<i>ján</i> : soir)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Translatif <i>-in</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant le RÉSULTAT d'un processus de transformation. En Finnois, s'utilise beaucoup avec le verbe "devenir". Exemple&nbsp;: "Je suis tombé malade" (je suis devenu malade)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménín</i> : transformation en un livre<br />
<i>raënin</i> : transformation en une maison (construction de la maison,&#x2026;)
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Vocatif <i>-wa</i></dt><dd>Cas grammatical exprimant l'interpellation directe d'une personne (ou d'une chose) au moyen d'un appellatif (nom propre ou terme d'adresse). Dans le Hjalpi, peut également marquer lexclamation.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<i>ménwá</i> : le livre!<br />
<i>raënwa</i> : la maison!
</p>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:20</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Dictionnaire Hjalpi Vernaculaire - Français</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1021e5f">1. A</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdaea6f0">2. Á</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc365a53">3. B</a></li>
<li><a href="#org54d7cf4">4. D</a></li>
<li><a href="#org481f1a6">5. Ď</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc78dd02">6. Ð</a></li>
<li><a href="#org913089f">7. E</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9cce8cd">8. É</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5296cee">9. Ë</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9ad36c7">10. Ê</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfb2a797">11. Ě</a></li>
<li><a href="#org731ef5c">12. F</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8034689">13. G</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4c7ab49">14. Ö</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4ef0805">15. H</a></li>
<li><a href="#org02c06ad">16. I</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6e020c4">17. Í</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga5cb07e">18. J</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0730848">19. K</a></li>
<li><a href="#org18f6178">20. L</a></li>
<li><a href="#org92ab047">21. Ļ</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1a36e39">22. Ł</a></li>
<li><a href="#org88771b8">23. M</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbfbcd2f">24. N</a></li>
<li><a href="#org211c4d1">25. Ň</a></li>
<li><a href="#org14d3c27">26. Ń</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga248a61">27. O</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1130f68">28. Ó</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgac63c57">29. P</a></li>
<li><a href="#org042155d">30. R</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga3e73bd">31. Ŗ</a></li>
<li><a href="#org792123e">32. Ŕ</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgda0a63c">33. S</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5655c1d">34. ß</a></li>
<li><a href="#org74062b4">35. T</a></li>
<li><a href="#org90887f7">36. Ţ</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8864383">37. Þ</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1fedd97">38. U</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5b17361">39. Ú</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc61cfd9">40. V</a></li>
<li><a href="#org253bc8e">41. W</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgda78938">42. X</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7ca5dcc">43. Y</a></li>
<li><a href="#org626bec9">44. Ý</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1412b87">45. Z</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6a91d78">46. Ź</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7d58e05">47. Ž</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org1021e5f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1021e5f"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> A</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdaea6f0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgdaea6f0"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Á</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc365a53" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgc365a53"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> B</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>bém (n.)</dt><dd>jour</dd>
<dt>bóljêluþ (v.)</dt><dd>savoir</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org54d7cf4" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org54d7cf4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> D</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>denmóíl (n.)</dt><dd>personne, individu</dd>
<dt>doŕëm (v.)</dt><dd>être (subjectif incertain)</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org481f1a6" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org481f1a6"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Ď</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>ďaßt (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la seconde personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>ďeßt (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la seconde personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>ďoßt (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la seconde personne du singulier</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc78dd02" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgc78dd02"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Ð</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>ðap (n.)</dt><dd>addition</dd>
<dt>ðën (n.)</dt><dd>ceci, cela, (anglais)it, objet général</dd>
<dt>ðúr (adj.)</dt><dd>argent (couleur)</dd>
<dt>ðúbém (n.)</dt><dd>septième jour de la semaine / jour dargent. Éthymologie : ðúr + bém</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org913089f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org913089f"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> E</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9cce8cd" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9cce8cd"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> É</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5296cee" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org5296cee"><span class="section-number-2">9</span> Ë</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9ad36c7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9ad36c7"><span class="section-number-2">10</span> Ê</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfb2a797" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgfb2a797"><span class="section-number-2">11</span> Ě</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org731ef5c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org731ef5c"><span class="section-number-2">12</span> F</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8034689" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org8034689"><span class="section-number-2">13</span> G</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-13">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>gar (n.)</dt><dd>tête</dd>
<dt>gén (n.)</dt><dd>acte</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4c7ab49" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org4c7ab49"><span class="section-number-2">14</span> Ö</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4ef0805" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org4ef0805"><span class="section-number-2">15</span> H</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-15">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>hjalp (n.)</dt><dd>dieu</dd>
<dt>heol (n.)</dt><dd>heure</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org02c06ad" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org02c06ad"><span class="section-number-2">16</span> I</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6e020c4" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org6e020c4"><span class="section-number-2">17</span> Í</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga5cb07e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga5cb07e"><span class="section-number-2">18</span> J</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-18">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>jaom (n.)</dt><dd>astre</dd>
<dt>jļšêk (n.)</dt><dd>voie</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0730848" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org0730848"><span class="section-number-2">19</span> K</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-19">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>kjaŗ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>kjeŗ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>kjoŗ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>kjuŗ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>kļnyþ (v.)</dt><dd>casser</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org18f6178" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org18f6178"><span class="section-number-2">20</span> L</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-20">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>lúb (n.)</dt><dd>air</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org92ab047" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org92ab047"><span class="section-number-2">21</span> Ļ</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1a36e39" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1a36e39"><span class="section-number-2">22</span> Ł</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-22">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>łail (n.)</dt><dd>années</dd>
<dt>łaižeg (n.)</dt><dd>plusieurs années, de longues années, une longue période</dd>
<dt>łas (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la seconde personne du pluriel</dd>
<dt>łes (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la seconde personne du pluriel</dd>
<dt>łos (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la seconde personne du pluriel</dd>
<dt>łus (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la seconde personne du pluriel</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org88771b8" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org88771b8"><span class="section-number-2">23</span> M</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-23">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>mal (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>maþ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la troisième personne du pluriel</dd>
<dt>mánám (n.)</dt><dd>mère</dd>
<dt>mel (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>melex (n.)</dt><dd>dieu</dd>
<dt>meþ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la troisième personne du pluriel</dd>
<dt>mén (n.)</dt><dd>maison</dd>
<dt>mol (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>moþ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la troisième personne du pluriel</dd>
<dt>mul (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la troisième personne du singulier</dd>
<dt>muþ (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la troisième personne du pluriel</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbfbcd2f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgbfbcd2f"><span class="section-number-2">24</span> N</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-24">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>nael (n.)</dt><dd>cheval</dd>
<dt>neßëm (v.)</dt><dd>être (subjectif certain)</dd>
<dt>núótëm (v.)</dt><dd>voir</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org211c4d1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org211c4d1"><span class="section-number-2">25</span> Ň</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-25">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>ňam (n.)</dt><dd>ouest</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org14d3c27" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org14d3c27"><span class="section-number-2">26</span> Ń</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga248a61" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga248a61"><span class="section-number-2">27</span> O</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1130f68" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1130f68"><span class="section-number-2">28</span> Ó</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgac63c57" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgac63c57"><span class="section-number-2">29</span> P</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-29">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>pánám (n.)</dt><dd>père</dd>
<dt>pêb</dt><dd>quoi</dd>
<dt>pńt (n.)</dt><dd>main / cinq</dd>
<dt>pńtwan</dt><dd>sept. Étymologie : pńt + wan.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org042155d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org042155d"><span class="section-number-2">30</span> R</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-30">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>raëm (n.)</dt><dd>livre</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga3e73bd" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga3e73bd"><span class="section-number-2">31</span> Ŗ</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-31">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>revëm (v.)</dt><dd>être (objectif)</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org792123e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org792123e"><span class="section-number-2">32</span> Ŕ</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-32">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>ŕaf (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la première personne exclusive double</dd>
<dt>ŕaz (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la première personne exclusive triple</dd>
<dt>ŕef (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la première personne exclusive double</dd>
<dt>ŕez (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la première personne exclusive triple</dd>
<dt>ŕof (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la première personne exclusive double</dd>
<dt>ŕoz (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la première personne exclusive triple</dd>
<dt>ŕuf (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la première personne exclusive double</dd>
<dt>ŕuz (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la première personne exclusive triple</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgda0a63c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgda0a63c"><span class="section-number-2">33</span> S</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-33">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>sad (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la seconde personne double</dd>
<dt>sal (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la seconde personne triple</dd>
<dt>sed (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la seconde personne double</dd>
<dt>sel (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la seconde personne triple</dd>
<dt>sod (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la seconde personne double</dd>
<dt>sol (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la seconde personne triple</dd>
<dt>sud (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la seconde personne double</dd>
<dt>sul (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la seconde personne triple</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5655c1d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org5655c1d"><span class="section-number-2">34</span> ß</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org74062b4" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org74062b4"><span class="section-number-2">35</span> T</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-35">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>tað (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la troisième personne double</dd>
<dt>tap (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la troisième personne triple</dd>
<dt>tat (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la première personne exclusive du pluriel</dd>
<dt>teð (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la troisième personne double</dd>
<dt>tep (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la troisième personne triple</dd>
<dt>tet (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la première personne exclusive du pluriel</dd>
<dt>toð (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la troisième personne double</dd>
<dt>top (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la troisième personne triple</dd>
<dt>tot (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la première personne exclusive du pluriel</dd>
<dt>tuð (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la troisième personne double</dd>
<dt>tup (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la troisième personne triple</dd>
<dt>tut (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la première personne exclusive du pluriel</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org90887f7" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org90887f7"><span class="section-number-2">36</span> Ţ</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-36">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>ţáýbŕibžág (adj.)</dt><dd>douloureux</dd>
<dt>ţéálnat (n.)</dt><dd>précis (heure), équivalent de <i>oclock</i> en anglais</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8864383" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org8864383"><span class="section-number-2">37</span> Þ</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1fedd97" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1fedd97"><span class="section-number-2">38</span> U</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5b17361" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org5b17361"><span class="section-number-2">39</span> Ú</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc61cfd9" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgc61cfd9"><span class="section-number-2">40</span> V</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-40">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>vár (n.)</dt><dd>langue (linguistique)</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org253bc8e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org253bc8e"><span class="section-number-2">41</span> W</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-41">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>wan (n.)</dt><dd>pied / deux</dd>
<dt>wanmjêd (n.)</dt><dd>sagesse</dd>
<dt>watßúd (n.)</dt><dd>nord</dd>
<dt>wémšal (n.)</dt><dd>est (direction)</dd>
<dt>wóúl (n.)</dt><dd>attaque</dd>
<dt>wyhakëm (v.)</dt><dd>quitter</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgda78938" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgda78938"><span class="section-number-2">42</span> X</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-42">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>xak (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la première personne inclusive du pluriel</dd>
<dt>xek (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la première personne inclusive du pluriel</dd>
<dt>xok (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la première personne inclusive du pluriel</dd>
<dt>xuk (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la première personne inclusive du pluriel</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7ca5dcc" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org7ca5dcc"><span class="section-number-2">43</span> Y</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org626bec9" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org626bec9"><span class="section-number-2">44</span> Ý</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1412b87" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org1412b87"><span class="section-number-2">45</span> Z</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-45">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>zelðeg (n.)</dt><dd>sud</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6a91d78" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org6a91d78"><span class="section-number-2">46</span> Ź</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7d58e05" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org7d58e05"><span class="section-number-2">47</span> Ž</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-47">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>žag (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la première personne inclusive double</dd>
<dt>žaň (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom neutre de la première personne inclusive triple</dd>
<dt>žeg (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la première personne inclusive double</dd>
<dt>žeň (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom féminin de la première personne inclusive triple</dd>
<dt>žog (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la première personne inclusive double</dd>
<dt>žoň (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom masculin de la première personne inclusive triple</dd>
<dt>žóém (adj.)</dt><dd>or (couleur)</dd>
<dt>žóéjom (n.)</dt><dd>Soleil (astre doré, astre dor)</dd>
<dt>žójorém (n.)</dt><dd>Premier jour (jour du Soleil)</dd>
<dt>žug (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la première personne inclusive double</dd>
<dt>žuň (pron.)</dt><dd>pronom inanimé de la première personne inclusive triple</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:19</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Grammaire du Hjalpi Vernaculaire V2</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org9994246">1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgca0ccef">2. Phonologie</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org3120c2f">2.1. Consonnes</a></li>
<li><a href="#org54c407c">2.2. Voyelles</a></li>
<li><a href="#org04bf26e">2.3. Accentuation</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc3e1f2d">2.4. Phonotactiques</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd71492b">3. Morphologie</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb63c6f8">4. Morphologie dérivationnelle</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcac8c43">5. Syntaxe</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9e24194">6. Champs sémantiques et pragmatiques</a></li>
<li><a href="#org697db11">7. Système décriture</a></li>
<li><a href="#org94c48d3">8. Exemples</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8d37496">9. Annexes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1fcb944">9.1. Consonnes</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6f8de38">9.2. Voyelles</a></li>
<li><a href="#org36ba1f3">9.3. Lexique</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org9994246" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9994246"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
Le Hjalpi est une langue construite créée comme langue faisant partie de lunivers de mon roman, parlée (comme son nom lindique) par les divins, mais également apprise par les mages et toute personne pouvant manipuler la magie. Cette langue na pas pour aspiration à être simple, facile à prononcer ou à apprendre —au contraire, elle est parlée par les divins, êtres supérieurs maîtrisant des concepts impossibles à ne serait-ce queffleurer du bout des doigts pour les humains qui ne peuvent quespérer comprendre des phrases simples et ne parler que quelques bribes de cette langue après des années détude.
</p>
<p>
Bien évidemment, cette langue a été créée par un humain —moi-même— et non par de réels divins, ce qui fait quil est tout à fait possible (mais peut-être compliqué) dapprendre cette langue qui ne remplace que figurativement la langue de mon roman qui, bien quelle soit ressemblante, présente elle une complexité bien au delà de ce quun humain peut conceptualiser. Je souhaitais tout de même disposer dune langue réelle et utilisable pour mon roman, afin du rendre plus crédible, plus réaliste lors des passages faisant mention ou usage de la langue. Cette langue sera par ailleurs sans doutes régulièrement mise à jour, même après publication de mes écrits ; le cas échéant, je tenterai de tenir également à jour une ou plusieurs pages web contenant des erratum pour le contenu publié si jamais la langue ou des phrases venaient à changer.
</p>
<p>
On peut trouver dans le Hjalpi (plus tard abrégée en LD) de nombreuses racines grammaticales dans notre monde réel, comme par exemple le Tibétain —doù vient lordre Sujet-Objet-Verbe de la LD—, mais également dautres langues tels que lAllemand, le Hongrois et les langues Scandinaves pour ce qui est de lagglutination, et également du Français et de lAnglais. Cependant, jessaie pour le vocabulaire dêtre aussi original que possible, aussi détaché de toute langue existante que possible, de façon à ce quaucune parenté avec une quelconque langue naturelle ne puisse être faite simplement via le vocabulaire de ma langue.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgca0ccef" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgca0ccef"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Phonologie</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
La LD dispose de quarante-neuf phonèmes simples, dont trente et une consonnes et dix-huit voyelles, chacune représentées par un graphème unique lors de la translittération de la langue. Dans cet ouvrage, lutilisation de la translittération sera préférée à lutilisation de la phonétique, et lorsque cette dernière sera utilisée, je préférerai lutilisation du X-SAMPA à lutilisation de lAPI. Vous pouvez trouver plus de détails sur le X-SAMPA à ladresse suivante : <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA</a>
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3120c2f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3120c2f"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Consonnes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<p>
Comme dit ci-dessus, la LD dispose de trente et une consonnes. Vous pouvez trouver le tableau complet des consonnes en Annexe A. Voici cependant une explication détaillée de la prononciation des consonnes de la LD :
</p>
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt><code>[j]</code> (j)</dt><dd>cette consonne est prononcée comme un « y » en Français, ou comme le « ille » dans « paille »</dd>
<dt><code>[w]</code> (w)</dt><dd>cette consonne est prononcée comme un « w » standard en Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[r]</code> (r)</dt><dd>il sagit ici du « r » roulé Espagnol ou Italien. Il peut être roulé plusieurs fois, mais il a plutôt tendance à rester bref.</dd>
<dt><code>[K]</code> (ł)</dt><dd>il sagit ici dun <code>[l]</code> dévoisé (dans lequel on ne fait pas vibrer nos cordes vocales) auquel une expiration est ajoutée, tel que le « lh » tibétain.</dd>
<dt><code>[l]</code> (l)</dt><dd>il sagit du « l » standard en Français. Le « l » se rallonge et tend à se rapprocher de la voyelle <code>[l0]</code> lorsquelle se situe seule entre deux voyelles et tend à former un triphone (voire plus) avec lesdites voyelles. Exemple: <code>ála</code> aura tendance à se prononcer <code>[Al0a]</code> plutôt que <code>[A:la]</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>[m]</code> (m)</dt><dd>il sagit du « m » standard en Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[n]</code> (n)</dt><dd>il sagit du « n » standard en Français. Le « n » se rallonge et tend à se rapprocher de la voyelle <code>[n0]</code> lorsquelle se situe seule entre deux voyelles et tend à former un triphone (voire plus) avec lesdites voyelles. Exemple: <code>ýnê</code> aura tendance à se prononcer <code>[Yn09:]</code> plutôt que <code>[Y:n9:]</code>.</dd>
<dt><code>[N]</code> (ň)</dt><dd>il sagit du « n » nasalisé, tel que le « ng » en Anglais comme dans « parking ».</dd>
<dt><code>[v]</code> (v)</dt><dd>il sagit du « v » standard en Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[D]</code> (ð)</dt><dd>il sagit du « th » voisé (où on utilise nos cordes vocales) en Anglais tel que dans « this ».</dd>
<dt><code>[z]</code> (z)</dt><dd>il sagit du « z » standard en Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[Z]</code> (ž)</dt><dd>il sagit du « j » standard en Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[f]</code> (f)</dt><dd>il sagit du « f » standard en Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[T]</code> (þ)</dt><dd>il sagit du « th » sourd (où lon nutilise pas nos cordes vocales) en Anglais tel que dans « think ».</dd>
<dt><code>[s]</code> (s)</dt><dd>il sagit du « s » standard en Français, toujours prononcé comme un « s » et jamais comme un « z ». Cependant, sa prononciation peut se rapprocher du <code>[s\]</code> dans sa prononciation plutôt que du <code>[s]</code> pur. Ce défaut de prononciation est plutôt présent dans les niveaux de politesse élevés, et disparaît lors des niveaux de politesse standard et plus bas.</dd>
<dt><code>[S]</code> (ß)</dt><dd>il sagit du son « ch » standard en Français, tel que dans « chat ».</dd>
<dt><code>[x]</code> (x)</dt><dd>il sagit du même son « j » quen Espagnol, un « r » sourd et guttural.</dd>
<dt><code>[R]</code> (ŗ)</dt><dd>il sagit du « r » Français.</dd>
<dt><code>[h]</code> (h)</dt><dd>il sagit du son « h » tel quon peut le retrouver en Anglais comme dans « house ». Lorsquil se trouve cependant seul entre deux voyelles, il a tendance dêtre prononcé <code>[h\]</code> dans le registre courant et familier, mais reste un <code>[h]</code> pur dans les registres plus soutenus.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Le reste des lettres <i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>p</i>, <i>t</i> et <i>k</i> ont également la même sonorité que leur sonorité de base en Français, sans être modifiés par une voyelle (comme le <i>g</i> peut lêtre près dun <i>i</i> en Français). Aucune consonne nest prononcée avec aspiration, hormis pour le <code>[K]</code> et le <code>[h]</code>, à moins que la consonne ne soit explicitement suivie par un <code>[h]</code>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org54c407c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org54c407c"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Voyelles</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt><code>[a:]</code> (a)</dt><dd>il sagit du son <code>[a]</code> naturel prononcé en Français, comme dans le mot « pattes ». Il est nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[A]</code> (á)</dt><dd>il sagit dun son plus ouvert et plus court que le <code>[a]</code>, un peu comme dans « pâtes » tel quencore prononcé dans louest de la France.</dd>
<dt><code>[2:]</code> (ë)</dt><dd>il sagit exactement de la même voyelle que dans le mot « deux », mais nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[9]</code> (ê)</dt><dd>il sagit exactement de la même voyelle que dans le mot « neuf », mais nécessairement court.</dd>
<dt><code>[@]</code> (ě)</dt><dd>il sagit dun son similaire à <code>[2]</code> ou à <code>[9]</code>, mais très peu discernable, voire parfois ellipsé ou ajouté pour faciliter la prononciation, un peu similaire à la voyelle dans le mot « le » en Français lorsque lon parle rapidement. Il sagit de la seule voyelle qui peut ne pas être notée à lécrit. Cette voyelle est nécessairement courte. Avec <code>[l0]</code> et <code>[n0]</code>, <code>[@]</code> fait partie des seules voyelles à ne pas pouvoir être utilisées dans une diphtongue.</dd>
<dt><code>[i:]</code> (i)</dt><dd>il sagit exactement du même « i » quen Français, cependant nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[I]</code> (í)</dt><dd>il sagit de la même voyelle que dans le mot « this » en Anglais : un « i » plus ouvert que le <code>[i]</code>. Il est également nécessairement court.</dd>
<dt><code>[e:]</code> (e)</dt><dd>il sagit du « é » standard Français, comme dans le mot « été », cependant nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[E]</code> (e)</dt><dd>il sagit du « è » standard Français, comme dans le mot « laid », cependant nécessairement court.</dd>
<dt><code>[o:]</code> (o)</dt><dd>il sagit du « o » fermé standard Français, comme dans le mot « eau », cependant nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[O]</code> (o)</dt><dd>il sagit du « o » ouvert standard Français, comme dans le mot « tonne », cependant nécessairement court.</dd>
<dt><code>[y:]</code> (y)</dt><dd>il sagit du « u » standard Français, comme dans le mot « lune », cependant nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[Y]</code> (ý)</dt><dd>il sagit dun <code>[y]</code> ouvert tel quon peut le trouver en Allemand, cependant nécessairement court.</dd>
<dt><code>[u:]</code> (u)</dt><dd>il sagit du « ou » standard Français, comme dans le mot « boule », cependant nécessairement long.</dd>
<dt><code>[U]</code> (ú)</dt><dd>il sagit du « ou » ouvert que lon peut par exemple retrouver dans des mots Anglais tels que « boot », cependant nécessairement court.</dd>
<dt><code>[n0]</code> (ń)</dt><dd>il sagit de la consonne <code>[n]</code> utilisée en tant que voyelle. Avec <code>[@]</code> et <code>[l0]</code>, <code>[n0]</code> fait partie des seules voyelles à ne pas pouvoir être utilisées dans une diphtongue.</dd>
<dt><code>[l0]</code> (ļ)</dt><dd>il sagit de la consonne <code>[l]</code> utilisée en tant que voyelle. Avec <code>[@]</code> et <code>[n0]</code>, <code>[l0]</code> fait partie des seules voyelles à ne pas pouvoir être utilisées dans une diphtongue.</dd>
</dl>
<p>
On remarque quà lexception de <code>[@]</code>, <code>[n0]</code> et <code>[l0]</code>, chaque voyelle est présente avec deux équivalents : sa version longue et fermée, ou bien courte et ouverte. Le seul cas où une voyelle fermée nest pas longue est le cas où elle est utilisée dans une diphtongue, tel que <code>[ai]</code>. À moins quelles soient explicitement dans une diphtongue, les voyelles longues sont toujours des voyelles longues pures et non des diphtongues et ne se terminent pas avec un son similaire à <code>[j]</code> ou <code>[w]</code>, comme les anglophones pourraient être tentés de le faire ; la voyelle « <i>e</i> » ne se prononcera donc jamais <code>[e:j]</code> ou <code>[ej]</code>, sauf sil est explicitement suivit par une consonne <code>[j]</code>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org04bf26e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org04bf26e"><span class="section-number-3">2.3</span> Accentuation</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<p>
Du fait de sa nature agglutinante, le Hjalpi pose laccentuation du mot sur la racine du mot et jamais sur les éléments agglutinés autour de la racine.
</p>
<p>
Lintonation dans les phrases affirmatives est généralement descendante et remonte pour les accentuations sur les mots et remonte significativement (en général à la hauteur dorigine) lorsque lon rencontre un sujet ou un verbe. Considéré individuellement, laccentuation dun mot se fait sur la première voyelle racine du mot. Ainsi, le mot non modifié <i>pńtwan</i> (sept) aura son accent sur la voyelle <i>ń</i>, de même pour <i>ţéálnat</i> (précision temporelle) qui sera accentué sur <i>éá</i>. Pour les noms propres cependant, laccent porte sur lensemble des voyelles racines du nom en lui-même (cest à dire les voyelles ne venant pas de déclinaisons). Par exemple, le prénom <i>Meréð</i> décliné au comitatif (<i>avec Meréð</i>) devient <i>Meðeiréð</i>, se prononçant ["me:.Dei."rED]; à laccusatif, <i>Meréðvo</i> (Meréð étant lobjet direct dun verbe transitif) se prononcera ["me:."rE.vO] (le <i>ð</i> sest ellipsé en faveur du <i>v</i>, voir le sous-chapitre Assimilation]) ; au génitif, <i>ţuMeréð</i> se prononcera [t`u."me:."rED].
</p>
<p>
Pour ce qui est des phrases interrogatives et exclamatives, les deux dernières voyelles sont allongées (même dans le cas dune voyelle ouverte), et dans le cas de lexclamative on reste sur la même hauteur pour cette dernière voyelle, et dans le cas de linterrogative la hauteur de la voyelle baisse puis remonte. Dans les phrases négatives, le ton de la phrase monte jusquà la négation où le ton redescend à nouveau.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc3e1f2d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc3e1f2d"><span class="section-number-3">2.4</span> Phonotactiques</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
<p>
Lorsquun mot (hormis les verbes) se termine avec une voyelle et que le mot suivant (hormis les verbes) débute avec une consonne ou inversement, cette dernière aura tendance à sallonger afin de créer une liaison entre les mots. Exemples :
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>éló tráhin (trans.) &rarr; élontráhin (rom.)</li>
</ul>
<p>
Rmq. : Ici, le <i>h</i> de <i>tráhin</i> est prononcé comme un <code>[h\]</code> et non comme un <code>[h]</code> du fait des deux voyelles lentourant, comme indiqué plus haut.
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>ðro lwéín (trans.) &rarr; ðrollwéín (rom.)</li>
<li>télýßí halmár (trans.) &rarr; télýßíhhalmár (rom.)</li>
<li>tiryð astret (trans) &rarr; tiryððastret</li>
</ul>
<p>
Lorsquun mot se termine avec une voyelle et que le mot suivant commence également avec une voyelle, afin déviter toute confusion avec une diphtongue (voir le sous-chapitre Les diphtongues]), une consonne « ’ » <code>[?]</code> est ajoutée à loral afin de séparer les deux mots. Le ton de la première syllabe du second mot sera alors clairement montant, afin de différencier également avec deux voyelles au sein dun même mot également séparées par la consonne « ’ ».
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd71492b" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd71492b"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Morphologie</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb63c6f8" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgb63c6f8"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Morphologie dérivationnelle</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcac8c43" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcac8c43"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Syntaxe</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9e24194" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9e24194"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Champs sémantiques et pragmatiques</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org697db11" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org697db11"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> Système décriture</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org94c48d3" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org94c48d3"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> Exemples</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8d37496" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org8d37496"><span class="section-number-2">9</span> Annexes</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1fcb944" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1fcb944"><span class="section-number-3">9.1</span> Consonnes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-1">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">latin majuscule</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">latin minuscule</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">X-SAMPA</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">J</td>
<td class="org-left">j</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[j]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">W</td>
<td class="org-left">w</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[w]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">R</td>
<td class="org-left">r</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[r]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ł</td>
<td class="org-left">ł</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[K]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">L</td>
<td class="org-left">l</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[l]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">M</td>
<td class="org-left">m</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[m]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">N</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[n]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ň</td>
<td class="org-left">ň</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[N]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">V</td>
<td class="org-left">v</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[v]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ð</td>
<td class="org-left">ð</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[D]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Z</td>
<td class="org-left">z</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[z]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ź</td>
<td class="org-left">ź</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[Z]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ž</td>
<td class="org-left">ž</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[j\]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">F</td>
<td class="org-left">f</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[f]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Þ</td>
<td class="org-left">þ</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[T]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">S</td>
<td class="org-left">s</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[s]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ß</td>
<td class="org-left">ß</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[S]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Š</td>
<td class="org-left">š</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[C]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">X</td>
<td class="org-left">x</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[x]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ŗ</td>
<td class="org-left">ŗ</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[R]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">H</td>
<td class="org-left">h</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[h]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ŕ</td>
<td class="org-left">ŕ</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[r\]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">B</td>
<td class="org-left">b</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[b]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">D</td>
<td class="org-left">d</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[d]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ď</td>
<td class="org-left">ď</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[d`]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">G</td>
<td class="org-left">g</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[g]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">P</td>
<td class="org-left">p</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[p]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">T</td>
<td class="org-left">t</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[t]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ţ</td>
<td class="org-left">ţ</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[t`]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">K</td>
<td class="org-left">k</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[k]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">'</td>
<td class="org-left">'</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[?]</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6f8de38" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6f8de38"><span class="section-number-3">9.2</span> Voyelles</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-2">
<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">latin majuscule</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">latin minuscule</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">X-SAMPA</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">A</td>
<td class="org-left">a</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[a:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Á</td>
<td class="org-left">á</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[A]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ë</td>
<td class="org-left">ë</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[2:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ê</td>
<td class="org-left">ê</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[9]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ě</td>
<td class="org-left">ě</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[@]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ö</td>
<td class="org-left">ö</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[@`]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">I</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[i:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Í</td>
<td class="org-left">í</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[I]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">E</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[e:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">É</td>
<td class="org-left">é</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[E]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">O</td>
<td class="org-left">o</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[o:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ó</td>
<td class="org-left">ó</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[O]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Y</td>
<td class="org-left">y</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[y:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ý</td>
<td class="org-left">ý</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[Y]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">U</td>
<td class="org-left">u</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[u:]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ú</td>
<td class="org-left">ú</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[U]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ń</td>
<td class="org-left">ń</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[n0]</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">Ļ</td>
<td class="org-left">ļ</td>
<td class="org-left"><code>[l0]</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org36ba1f3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org36ba1f3"><span class="section-number-3">9.3</span> Lexique</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-3">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:19</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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#+include: ../headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Cas grammaticaux du Hjalpi Vernaculaire
#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
src_latex{\newpage}
Grammatical states marques with a star (*) are grammatical states that do not exist *as declensions* in the Divine Language.

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#+include: ../headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Cas grammaticaux du Hjalpi Vernaculaire
#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
src_latex{\newpage}
Le Hjalpi verniculaire (je my référerai plus tard comme «Hjalpi» uniquement) est une langue ergative (le sujet du verbe intransitif et du verbe transitif ne sont pas confondus) (comme le tibétain)
- Transitivité :: aptitude ou non à gérer un objet

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#+include: ../headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Dictionnaire Hjalpi Vernaculaire - Français
#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
src_latex{\newpage}
* A
* Á

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#+include: ../headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Grammaire du Hjalpi Vernaculaire V2
#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
src_latex{\newpage}
* Introduction

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#+TITLE: Grammaire du Hjalpi vernaculaire
#+INCLUDE: "headers.org"
src_latex{\newpage}
* Abréviations

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#+include: headers/headers.org
#+TITLE: Grammaire du Zöhæň
#+INCLUDE: "../headers.org"
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue draconienne du Zöhæň" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Ressources grammaticales du Zöhæň" />
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue draconienne du Zöhæň" />

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<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Glossaire du Zöhæň</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org9660bbc">1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcec1497">2. Abréviations</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbfbce68">3. Glossaire</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org0a2d2df">3.1. Actions physiques</a></li>
<li><a href="#org461c759">3.2. Amour</a></li>
<li><a href="#org71f3ae0">3.3. Animaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdec9102">3.4. Art</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2d5b935">3.5. Astronomie</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6040116">3.6. Bâtiments</a></li>
<li><a href="#org645caa3">3.7. Commerce</a></li>
<li><a href="#org25ff36c">3.8. Conflits</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcef460c">3.9. Conteneurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#org94962db">3.10. Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbda9fe9">3.11. Couleurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgac5691c">3.12. Dimensions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org600758a">3.13. Eau</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6b5ece6">3.14. Effort</a></li>
<li><a href="#org94212f7">3.15. Éléments</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd9bda3f">3.16. Émotions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgae5c29a">3.17. Évaluation</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2014093">3.18. Événements</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1c8e1eb">3.19. Existence</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga4ba7ae">3.20. Famille</a></li>
<li><a href="#org39447a3">3.21. Forme</a></li>
<li><a href="#org446761f">3.22. Gouvernement</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgab72fc1">3.23. Grammaire</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1d65166">3.24. Guerre</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgbb948b5">3.25. Légal</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge2b664d">3.26. Lieux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9609f80">3.27. Lumière</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4216c07">3.28. Mental</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8cb75f9">3.29. Mesures</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8443502">3.30. Métaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2a6bae2">3.31. Mouvement</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6fb78ef">3.32. Nature</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7fc021b">3.33. Nombres</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge5a0534">3.34. Nourriture</a></li>
<li><a href="#org19a080a">3.35. Outils</a></li>
<li><a href="#org589537c">3.36. Parole</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf98cacf">3.37. Péchés</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgdbe59d8">3.38. Physique</a></li>
<li><a href="#org45fb0d2">3.39. Possession</a></li>
<li><a href="#org444fb44">3.40. Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc977bce">3.41. Savoir</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgff2b5ae">3.42. Sensations</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgacc45c2">3.43. Sexe</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8514450">3.44. Société</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6cf8287">3.45. Substances</a></li>
<li><a href="#org58c1ce2">3.46. Temps</a></li>
<li><a href="#org321f9e9">3.47. Travail</a></li>
<li><a href="#org467f371">3.48. Végétaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf6f1421">3.49. Vêtements</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga91bfa4">3.50. Vie et santé</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org9660bbc" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9660bbc"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Introduction</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcec1497" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgcec1497"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Abréviations</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbfbce68" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgbfbce68"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Glossaire</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0a2d2df" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org0a2d2df"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Actions physiques</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org461c759" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org461c759"><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> Amour</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org71f3ae0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org71f3ae0"><span class="section-number-3">3.3</span> Animaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdec9102" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdec9102"><span class="section-number-3">3.4</span> Art</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2d5b935" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2d5b935"><span class="section-number-3">3.5</span> Astronomie</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6040116" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6040116"><span class="section-number-3">3.6</span> Bâtiments</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org645caa3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org645caa3"><span class="section-number-3">3.7</span> Commerce</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org25ff36c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org25ff36c"><span class="section-number-3">3.8</span> Conflits</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcef460c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgcef460c"><span class="section-number-3">3.9</span> Conteneurs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org94962db" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org94962db"><span class="section-number-3">3.10</span> Corps</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbda9fe9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgbda9fe9"><span class="section-number-3">3.11</span> Couleurs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgac5691c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgac5691c"><span class="section-number-3">3.12</span> Dimensions</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org600758a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org600758a"><span class="section-number-3">3.13</span> Eau</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6b5ece6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6b5ece6"><span class="section-number-3">3.14</span> Effort</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org94212f7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org94212f7"><span class="section-number-3">3.15</span> Éléments</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd9bda3f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd9bda3f"><span class="section-number-3">3.16</span> Émotions</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgae5c29a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgae5c29a"><span class="section-number-3">3.17</span> Évaluation</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2014093" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2014093"><span class="section-number-3">3.18</span> Événements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1c8e1eb" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1c8e1eb"><span class="section-number-3">3.19</span> Existence</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga4ba7ae" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga4ba7ae"><span class="section-number-3">3.20</span> Famille</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org39447a3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org39447a3"><span class="section-number-3">3.21</span> Forme</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org446761f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org446761f"><span class="section-number-3">3.22</span> Gouvernement</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgab72fc1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgab72fc1"><span class="section-number-3">3.23</span> Grammaire</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1d65166" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1d65166"><span class="section-number-3">3.24</span> Guerre</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbb948b5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgbb948b5"><span class="section-number-3">3.25</span> Légal</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge2b664d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge2b664d"><span class="section-number-3">3.26</span> Lieux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9609f80" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9609f80"><span class="section-number-3">3.27</span> Lumière</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4216c07" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4216c07"><span class="section-number-3">3.28</span> Mental</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8cb75f9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8cb75f9"><span class="section-number-3">3.29</span> Mesures</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8443502" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8443502"><span class="section-number-3">3.30</span> Métaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2a6bae2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2a6bae2"><span class="section-number-3">3.31</span> Mouvement</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6fb78ef" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6fb78ef"><span class="section-number-3">3.32</span> Nature</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-32">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>qan</dt><dd>montagne, nom commun, genre neutre</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7fc021b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7fc021b"><span class="section-number-3">3.33</span> Nombres</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge5a0534" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge5a0534"><span class="section-number-3">3.34</span> Nourriture</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org19a080a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org19a080a"><span class="section-number-3">3.35</span> Outils</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org589537c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org589537c"><span class="section-number-3">3.36</span> Parole</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf98cacf" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgf98cacf"><span class="section-number-3">3.37</span> Péchés</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdbe59d8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdbe59d8"><span class="section-number-3">3.38</span> Physique</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org45fb0d2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org45fb0d2"><span class="section-number-3">3.39</span> Possession</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org444fb44" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org444fb44"><span class="section-number-3">3.40</span> Religion</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc977bce" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc977bce"><span class="section-number-3">3.41</span> Savoir</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgff2b5ae" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgff2b5ae"><span class="section-number-3">3.42</span> Sensations</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgacc45c2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgacc45c2"><span class="section-number-3">3.43</span> Sexe</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8514450" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8514450"><span class="section-number-3">3.44</span> Société</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6cf8287" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6cf8287"><span class="section-number-3">3.45</span> Substances</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org58c1ce2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org58c1ce2"><span class="section-number-3">3.46</span> Temps</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org321f9e9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org321f9e9"><span class="section-number-3">3.47</span> Travail</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org467f371" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org467f371"><span class="section-number-3">3.48</span> Végétaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf6f1421" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgf6f1421"><span class="section-number-3">3.49</span> Vêtements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga91bfa4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga91bfa4"><span class="section-number-3">3.50</span> Vie et santé</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-06-06 mer. 17:19</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
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<meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue draconienne du Zöhæň" />
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</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Grammaire du Zöhæň</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org370989f">1. Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd3ccf41">2. Phonologie</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgb215b89">2.1. Voyelles</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd0eae15">2.2. Consonnes</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7f9afda">2.3. Accentuation</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc62a3f9">2.4. Règles phonologiques</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org370989f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org370989f"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
Le Zöhæň est une langue draconienne, parlée principalement par les wyvernes et les drakes.
</p>
<p>
Les dragons et autres reptiles nont pas de voyelles, doù labsence totale de voyelles arrondies et de consonnes labiales.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd3ccf41" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgd3ccf41"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Phonologie</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb215b89" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb215b89"><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Voyelles</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-right">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">near-front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-right">central</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">back</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">1</td>
<td class="org-left">M</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">near-high</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">I</td>
<td class="org-right">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">@\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">3</td>
<td class="org-left">V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low</td>
<td class="org-left">a</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-right">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">A</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">near-front</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">central</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">back</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">í</td>
<td class="org-left">u</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">near-high</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ì</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">high-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">y</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low-mid</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ë</td>
<td class="org-left">o</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">low</td>
<td class="org-left">æ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">a</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd0eae15" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd0eae15"><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Consonnes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">dental</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">postalveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">retroflex</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveo-palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">velar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">uvular</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">glottal</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">stop</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">t</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">d`</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">k g</td>
<td class="org-left">q G</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">nasal</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">J</td>
<td class="org-left">N</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">affricate</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">tS dZ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">T D</td>
<td class="org-left">z</td>
<td class="org-left">S Z</td>
<td class="org-left">s` z`</td>
<td class="org-left">s\</td>
<td class="org-left">ç j\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">X R</td>
<td class="org-left">h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">r\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">j</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">K K\</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">l</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">dental</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">postalveolar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">retroflex</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alveo-palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">palatal</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">velar</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">uvular</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">glottal</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">stop</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">t</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">d</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">k g</td>
<td class="org-left">q ǵ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">nasal</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ń</td>
<td class="org-left">ň</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">affricate</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">cs cz</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">þ ð</td>
<td class="org-left">z</td>
<td class="org-left">S Z</td>
<td class="org-left">š ž</td>
<td class="org-left">s</td>
<td class="org-left">ś ź</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">x r</td>
<td class="org-left">h</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ŕ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">j</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral fricative</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ł ļ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">lateral approximant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">l</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7f9afda" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7f9afda"><span class="section-number-3">2.3</span> Accentuation</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<p>
Deuxième syllabe dun mot
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc62a3f9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc62a3f9"><span class="section-number-3">2.4</span> Règles phonologiques</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
<p>
<code>q &gt; h / _#</code>, <code>je &gt; o / #_</code>, <code>[stops] &gt; Ø / #_[friccatives]</code>, <code>e &gt; a / _i</code>, <code>{k,g} &gt; [+postalveolar] / _i</code>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2018-12-30 dim. 15:29</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
</div>
</body>
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