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#+setupfile: ../headers
* Dictionary
Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses
some abbreviations you should keep in mind:
- acc :: accusative
- adj :: adjective
- adv :: adverb
- art :: article
- aux :: auxiliary
- c :: common
- comp :: comparative
- conj :: conjunction
- Dan :: Danish
- dat :: dative
- def :: definite
- Eng :: English
- EON :: Early Old Norse
- f :: feminine
- gen :: genitive
- Ger :: German
- imp :: imperative
- ind :: indicative
- interr :: interrogative
- iv :: irregular verb
- m :: masculine
- mass :: mass noun
- ME :: Middle Eittlandic
- n :: neuter
- neg :: negative
- nom :: nominal
- Nor :: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
- num :: numeral
- OE :: Old Eittlandic
- OI :: Old Icelandic
- ON :: Old Norse
- pas :: passive
- pl :: plural
- prep :: preposition
- pret :: preterite
- pron :: pronoun
- sc :: strong common
- sg :: singular
- sn :: strong neuter
- stg :: strong
- sv :: strong verb
- Swe :: Swedish
- wk :: weak
- wn :: weak noun
- wv :: weak verb
Note that when a word is marked solely as /masculine/, /feminine/ or
/neutral/, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as /adj./ should
be added, for instance /f.adj./ for a feminine adjective.
All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard
Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other
dialects.
All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with
occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling following it (e.g.
/gleym(a) - gløym/). Each noun has its declension presented to the
reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other
than Standard Eittlandic, however variations may exist from one
dialect to another. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost
the /ru/ part of the dat.pl. declention, going from /férum/ to /fém/, some
dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.
Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but
are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of
the word and its surroundings. For instance, /dag/ can represent two
forms of the word /dag(r)/, /dag/ and /dag(a)/. The former is pronounced
{{{phon(daɣ)}}} while the latter is pronounced {{{phon(daj)}}}. They can also
represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard
Eittlandic, such as /dag(r)/ shown above which doesn’t exist as /dagr/ in
Standard Eittlandic, only as /dag/. The underlying vowel also reappears
when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, /dagr/ becomes
/dagann/ due to the underlying «a» in its accusative form /dag(a)/ while
/fiskr/ becomes /fiskinn/ (the «i» is added when no other vowel can
replace it). To symbolize which definite article is used with nouns,
it is indicated between parenthesis in the accusative case, preceeded
by a dash, as in /dag(a-n)/.
** A
*** aug(a) - ój
wn.n. {{{phon(ɔ̀j)}}}
1. eye
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | aug | augat | aug | augatr |
| Acc. | aug | augat | aug | augat |
| Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum |
| Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat |
** Á
*** áng - éng
interj. {{{phon(ɛŋ)}}}
1. positive counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was
borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken
by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut /aang/ and
Proto-Eskimoan /*aa/ or /*ii/.
** B
*** borð
sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}}
1. table
2. large plank
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | borð | borðit | borðr | borðitr |
| Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit |
| Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum |
| Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit |
*** borg
sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]]
1. city
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn |
| Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin |
| Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum |
| Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin |
*** bræð - bréð
sm. {{{phon(brɛð)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]]
*** bróð(i)
sm. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]]
1. brother, plural /bræð/
Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular
etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bræðir/ which got
re-analyzed into /bræð/ + /-ir/.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bræðr | bræðinn |
| Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bræð | bræðin |
| Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bræðir | bræðinum |
| Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bræðum | bræðin |
*** bók(a)
sf. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]]
1. book, plural /bøk/
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann |
| Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan |
| Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum |
| Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan |
*** bøk
sf. {{{phon(bø̀k)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#bok(r)][/bók/]]
** C
** D
*** djúp - djóp
adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr][djúpr]]
1. deep
2. profound (figuratively)
*** djúplig - djópleg
adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see
ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]])
1. deeply
2. inherently
*** dótt(i)
sn.f. {{{phon(dɔʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]]
1. daughter
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | dóttr | dóttinn | dœttr | dœttinn |
| Acc. | dótt | dóttin | dœtt | dœttin |
| Dat. | dótt | dóttin | dœttum | dœttinum |
| Gen. | dóttir | dóttins | dœttar | dœttin |
** E
*** edd(a)
wf. {{{phon(e:ðː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#edda][edda]]
1. great grandmother
2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann |
| Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan |
| Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum |
| Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan |
*** Eittland
wn. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from
ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#land][land]]
1. High Kingdom of Eittland
2. island of Eittland
| | Sg. |
|------+-----------|
| Nom. | Eittland |
| Acc. | Eittland |
| Gen. | Eittlands |
| Dat. | Eittland |
*** ell(a)
{{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]]
1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
2. (conj.) or
** É
** F
*** fað(i)
sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][faðir]]
1. father, plural /feð/
Re-analysis of sg. /fadir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively,
each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to
/-r/).
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn |
| Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin |
| Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum |
| Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin |
*** far(a)
iv. {{{phon(far)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]]
1. to go
- infinitive :: far
- imperative :: far
- imperative passive voice :: farsk
- present participle :: farand
- past participle :: farit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | ferr | ferir | fert | ferumk |
| 2s | | ferr | ferir | fert | ferisk |
| 3s | | ferr | ferir | fert | ferisk |
| 1p | | farum | farim | farum | farumk |
| 2p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
| 3p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
*** feð
sm. {{{phon(feð)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]]
*** ferð
sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]]
1. fjord, bay
*** fé
sn.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]] (cattle)
1. wealth
| | Singular | Plural |
|------+----------+--------|
| Nom. | fé | fé |
| Acc. | fé | fé |
| Dat. | fé | fém |
| Gen. | fés | fés |
*** fisk
sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr]]
1. fish
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn |
| Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin |
| Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum |
| Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin |
** G
*** gauð - jauð
wn.f. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/)
1. a quarrel
2. a heated debate /(informal)/
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr |
| Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit |
| Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum |
| Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit |
*** gef - jev
sn.f. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gef]]
1. gift, present
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn |
| Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin |
| Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum |
| Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin |
*** gegn - jegn
adv. {{{phon(jeɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegn#Old_Norse][gegn]]
1. against, opposing
*** gleym(a) / gløym
v. {{{phon(ɡløʏm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gleyma][gleyma]]
1. to forget
- infinitive :: gleym
- imperative :: gleym
- imperative passive voice :: gleymsk
- present participle :: gleymand
- past participle :: gleymit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | gleymr | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk |
| 2s | | gleymr | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask |
| 3s | | gleymr | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask |
| 1p | | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk |
| 2p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
| 3p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
The verb /gleym/ takes a dative instead of an accusative.
#+html: ::: tip Example
1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum
| ek | gleym-r | opt | lykill-inum |
| 1s.NOM | forget-1s.PRES | often | key-pl.DAT.ART.DEF. |
I often forget the keys
2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin
| hann | haft | gleymt | at | far | til | borg-in |
| 3s.m.NOM | have.3s.PST | forget.3s.PST | to.DAT | go.INF | to | city-def.art.s.DAT |
He forgot to go to the city.
#+html:
** H
*** hav(a)
iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]]
1. to have
2. stative auxilliary
**** Inflexions
- infinitive :: hav
- imperative :: hav (except 2p /haft/)
- imperative passive voice :: hafsk (except 1p /havumsk/)
- present participle :: havand
- past participle :: hafr
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1s | hav | hav | haft | haft |
| 2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir |
| 3s | havir | hav | haft | haft |
| 1p | havum | havim | haft | haft |
| 2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið |
| 3p | hav | hav | haft | haft |
Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when
using hav(a) in the passive voice.
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|---+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk |
| 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
| 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
*** heils(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]]
1. health
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr |
| Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat |
| Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum |
| Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat |
*** historja
wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]]
1. history
*** hjól
sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]]
1. wheel
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr |
| Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit |
| Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum |
| Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit |
*** hler(a)
v. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]]
1. to hear
2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)
- infinitive :: hler
- imperative :: hler
- imperative passive voice :: hlerask (except 1p /hlerumk/)
- present participle :: hlerand
- past participle :: hlerit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | hlerr | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk |
| 2s | | hlerr | hlerir | hlert | hlerask |
| 3s | | hlerr | hlerir | hlert | hlerask |
| 1p | | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk |
| 2p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
| 3p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase if there is one.
*** hlóð
wn.n. {{{phon(l̥ɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hl%C3%B3%C3%B0][hlóð]]
1. hearth
2. living room
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr |
| Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit |
| Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum |
| Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðits |
*** hlust(a)
v. {{{phon(ɬuʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlusta][hlusta]]
1. to listen to
- infinitive :: hlust
- imperative :: hlust
- imperative passive voice :: hlustask (except 1p /hlustumk/)
- present participle :: hlustand
- past participle :: hlustit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | hlustr | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk |
| 2s | | hlustr | hlustir | hlustat | hlustask |
| 3s | | hlustr | hlustir | hlustat | hlustask |
| 1p | | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk |
| 2p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlustask |
| 3p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlustask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase if there is one.
#+html: ::: tip Example
1. Han hlustr henn
He’s listening to her
2. Vér hlustum eigi
We did not listen
#+html: :::
*** hneis(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(n̥ɑ:ɪs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hneisa][hneisa]]
1. shame, disgrace, fear
2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
3. social isolation
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | hneis | hneisit | hneisr | hneisitr |
| Acc. | hneis | hneisit | hneis | hneisit |
| Dat. | hneis | hneisit | hneisum | hneisitum |
| Gen. | hneisas | hneisits | hneisas | hneisits |
*** hneising
wn.n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}}
1. hermit
2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr |
| Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit |
| Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum |
| Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit |
*** hnjós(a)
v. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hnj%C3%B3sa][hnjósa]]
1. to sneeze
*** hrifs - hrivs
n. {{{phon(r̥ivs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]]
1. assault, mugging
*** hvar
pron. {{{phon(ʍar)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvar#Old_Norse][hvar]]
1. where
*** hvat
adv. {{{phon(ʍɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvat#Old_Norse][hvat]]
1. what
*** hví - hve
adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]]
1. why
*** hvít
adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr][hvítr]]
1. white
** I
*** ikkí
interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}}
1. How cold! Brr!
From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic
/ikkii/.
** Í
** J
*** já - jé
{{{phon(jɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%A1#Old_Norse][já]]
1. (adv) yes
2. (interj) yes (as an exclamation of joy)
** K
*** kaup(a) - kóp
n. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kaupa#Old_Norse][kaupa]]
1. commerce
2. bargain, barter
*** kék
adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}}
1. gray (hair colour)
Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic /qeeq/
*** kom(a)
sv. {{{phon(kom)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koma#Old_Norse][koma]]
1. to come
*** Konung - Kononɡ
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈkonoŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/konungr#Old_Norse][konungr]]
1. king
*** konunɡliɡ - konongleg
{{{phon(konoŋleɣ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] and suffix /-lig/.
1. adv. royaly
2. adj. royal
** L
*** land
sn.n. {{{phon(land)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse][land]]
1. land
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr |
| Acc. | land | landit | land | landit |
| Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum |
| Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit |
*** lykil
wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]]
1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
2. musical key
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr |
| Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit |
| Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum |
| Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit |
** M
*** metr(o)
wn.n. {{{phon(metr)}}}, from French “métro”
1. subway, underground
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr |
| Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot |
| Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum |
| Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot |
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#undirland][undirland]]
*** með
adv. {{{phon(með)}}}
1. with
2. prefix with, co-smth. See
*** Meðkonung
sn.m. {{{phon(meðˈkonoŋ)}}}, see [[file:./dictionary.md#með][með]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#konung-kononɡ][konung - kononɡ]]
1. Co-King
*** mið
adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][miðr]]
1. middle (physically and temporaly)
2. midways
*** myrɡunn
m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡunː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]]
1. morning, aurora
** N
*** ná - né
adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]]
1. now
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ná kom ek frá universitetit.
I come from the university now.
#+html: :::
2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek kom frá universitetit ná!
- I come from the university (you know)
or
- (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
#+html: :::
3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek kom ná frá universitetit.
I’m coming from the university.
#+html: :::
*** náng - néng
interj. {{{phon(nɛŋ)}}}
1. negative counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was
borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken
by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut /nangaa/ and
Proto-Eskimoan /*nanka/, and Western Greenlandic /naagga/.
*** nei
{{{phon(nɑɪ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nei#Old_Norse][nei]]
1. (adv.) no
2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret
*** norvegsúlf(r) - norvejsólv
m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON
[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]]
1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.
Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives
introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter
inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/
(genitive of /Noregr/, /Norway/) and /úlfr/.
** O
*** opt - oft
adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]]
1. often
** Ó
*** óglað - ógjœð
adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3gla%C3%B0r][óglaðr]]
1. very sad, depressed, miserable
*** óss
sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]]
1. river mouth
2. fjord mouth
** P
*** pengvin - pengven
n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]]
1. penguin
** R
*** ráðuneyt(i) - réðoneyt
wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]]
1. Ministry
2. department
** S
*** sitj(a)
v. {{{phon(siːʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]]
1. to sit
2. to represent (politics)
*** sjá - sjé
v. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]]
1. to see
2. to understand
*** skilj(a) - skij
v. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]]
1. to differenciate
2. to segregate, to separate
3. to understand a difference
*** snjór
m. {{{phon(sɲɔ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]]
1. snow
*** styrsamhald(i)
n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from Old Norse [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and
[[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]] (a holding together, unity).
1. military batallion
2. mitilary unit, group
** T
*** tal(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]]
1. numbers
*** tren
wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]]
1. train
** U
*** undir
adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse][undir]]
1. under, underneath, below
Can only be used with accusative or dative.
#+html: ::: tip Example
Bókinn er undir borðitum.
| bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum |
| book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N |
The book is under the table
#+html: :::
*** undirland
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈundirˌland)}}}, calque of English “underground” using [[file:./dictionary.md#undir][undir]]
and [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]]
1. underground, subway
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#metr-o][metr(o)]]
*** universitet - oneversetet
wn.n. {{{phon(oneˈβersetet)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t#German][Universität]]
1. university
*** uppá - offá
prep. {{{phon(ˈuɸːə̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#upp%C3%A1][uppá]]
1. upon
** Ú
*** úlf(r) - olv
m. {{{phon(òlv)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr][úlfr]]
1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/.
** V
*** veisheit
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Weisheit#German][Weisheit]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#visk-a][visk(a)]]
1. knowledge or wisdom
2. insight
*** ver(a)
iv. {{{phon(βer)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vera#Old_Norse][vera]]
1. to be
2. active auxilliary
**** Inflexions
- infinitive :: ver
- imperative :: ver
- present participle :: verand
- past participle :: vert
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1s | em | sé | var | vár |
| 2s | ert | sér | vart | vár |
| 3s | er | sé | var | vár |
| 1p | er | sé | var | vár |
| 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið |
| 3p | er | sé | var | vár |
*** vest
adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr]]
1. West, westward
*** vél
sc.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]]
1. machine, craft
*** vétal(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɛ̀tal)}}}, portemanteau of [[file:./dictionary.md#vel][vél]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]]
1. computer
*** vit
interj. {{{phon(βit)}}}
1. question marker, see [[file:./grammar.md#yes-no-questions][yes/no questions]], probably from a Greenlandic
dialect, see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlandic_language#Indicative_and_interrogative_moods][Greenlandic interrogative moods]].
*** visk(a)
f. {{{phon(βiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vizka][vizka]]
1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience
See [[file:./dictionary.md#veisheit][veisheit]] for a more general term for /wisdow/
** Y
** Ý
** Z
** Ø
** Œ
*** Œgir - Œjer
m. {{{phon(ˈœjer)}}}
1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western
Eittlandic fjords.
** Đ
** Þ
* Notes :noexport:
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+-----+---------|
| Nom. | | | | |
| Acc. | | | | |
| Dat. | | | | |
| Gen. | | | | |
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+------+---------|
| 1s | | | | | |
| 2s | | | | | |
| 3s | | | | | |
| 1p | | | | | |
| 2p | | | | | |
| 3p | | | | | |
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