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Dictionary

Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind:

acc
accusative
adj
adjective
adv
adverb
art
article
aux
auxiliary
c
common
comp
comparative
conj
conjunction
Dan
Danish
dat
dative
def
definite
det
determiner
Eng
English
EON
Early Old Norse
f
feminine
gen
genitive
Ger
German
imp
imperative
in
irregular noun
ind
indicative
interr
interrogative
iv
irregular verb
m
masculine
mass
mass noun
ME
Middle Eittlandic
n
neuter
neg
negative
nom
nominal
Nor
Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
num
numeral
OE
Old Eittlandic
OI
Old Icelandic
ON
Old Norse
pas
passive
pl
plural
pn
proper noun
prep
preposition
pret
preterite
pron
pronoun
sg
singular
sn
strong noun
stg
strong
sv
strong verb
Swe
Swedish
wk
weak
wn
weak noun
wv
weak verb

Note that when a word is marked solely as masculine, feminine or neutral, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as adj. should be added, for instance f.adj. for a feminine adjective.

All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects.

All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the ru part of the dat.pl. declention, going from férum to fém, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.

Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, dag can represent three forms of the word: dagr, dag and daga (the -r and -a are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced while the other two are pronounced . They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as dagr. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as dagr in Standard Eittlandic, only as dag. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, dagr becomes dagann due to the underlying -a in its accusative form dag(a) while fiskr becomes fiskinn (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.

A

af(i)

wn.m. , from ON afi

  1. grand-father
  2. old, elderly man
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. af afit afr afitr
Acc. af afit af afit
Dat. af afit afum afitum
Gen. afs afits afs afit

alf

wn.m.

  1. power, might
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. alf alfit alfr alfitr
Acc. alf alfit alf alfit
Dat. alf alfit alfum alfitum
Gen. alfs alfits alfs alfit

all

, from ON allr

  1. indef.pron. all, everyone, everything

  2. adj.

    1. all, whole or entire entity

      ::: tip Example

      Allt húsit er litit.

      The house is completely painted.

      all-t hús-it er lit-it
      all-sg.n.NOM house.NOM-DEF to.be.3sg.pres to.paint-part.adj.sg.n.NOM
      :::

    2. all, complete group or set

      ::: tip Example

      Allar bátinn er í hávnin.

      All the boats are in the harbour.

      :::

    3. all, full extent or duration

      ::: tip Example
      • Allar daginn var sólskinn. All the days were sunny.
      • Allr daginn er varmr ná! The whole day is warm, isn’t it?

    4. all, quite, entirely, completely

      ::: tip Example

      Svá er allt góðt!

      It’s all good / alright!

      :::
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. allr allt
Acc. all allt
Dat. allum allum
Gen. alls alls
Pl.Nom. allar all
Acc. all all
Dat. allum allum
Gen. allar allr

Alfshringinssagat

pn.

  1. The Rings of Power

almen

adj.

  1. general, global
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. almenn almenar
Acc. almenum almenum
Dat. almen almen
Gen. almen almenar
Pl.Nom. almens almens
Acc. almenum almenum
Dat. alment almen
Gen. alment almenn

angak

sn.m. , a Tunrit-inherited word

  1. uncle; the brother of one’s parent, with a connotation of being an elder or respected figure
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. angakr angakinn angakr angakinn
Acc. angak angakin angak angakin
Dat. angak angakin angakum angakinum
Gen. angakar angakins angakar angakin

annaman

sn.n. , from annar and man

  1. someone else
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. annaman annamanit annaman annamanitr
Acc. annaman annamanit annaman annamanit
Dat. annaman annamanit annamanum annamanitum
Gen. annamans annamanits annamans annamanit

annar

  1. other, different

amm(a)

wn.f. , from ON amma

  1. grand-mother, granny
  2. old, elderly woman
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. amm ammat amm ammatr
Acc. amm ammat amm ammat
Dat. amm ammat ammum ammatum
Gen. amms ammats amms ammat

aptr

adv., prep. , from ON aptr

  1. behind, in or to the rear of, at the back of

    ::: tip Example

    Hann standt aptr húsit

    He stood behind the house

    :::

  2. after in time or sequence

    ::: tip Example

    Ek kœmt hér aptr þér

    I came here after you

    :::

  3. supporting or backing someone or something

    ::: tip Example

    Ek standar aptr þér

    I stand behind you, i.e. I support you

    :::

  4. lagging or falling behind in progress or development

    ::: tip Example

    Hann er aptr í nem

    He is behind his studies

    :::

arm

sn.m. , from ON armr

  1. arm
  2. sleeve; the part of a garment that covers the arm
  3. branch; a secondary woody stem growing from the trunk or a bough of a tree
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. armr arminn armr arminn
Acc. arm armin arm armin
Dat. arm armin armum arminum
Gen. armar armins armar armin

automobil

wn.n. , from Ancient Greek αὐτός and Latin mōbilis. See also bil

  1. car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used

See bil for declensions.

Á

á

sn.f. , from ON á

  1. river
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ár ánn ár ánn
Acc. á án á án
Dat. á án áum ánum
Gen. ár áns ár án

ábreið(a)

wn.f. , from ON ábreiða

  1. bed covering, cover, bedspread
  2. any kind of cloth used for beds

Alternative form: ébreið(a)

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ábreið ábreiðat ábreiðr ábreiðitr
Acc. ábreið ábreiðat ábreið ábreiðit
Dat. ábreið ábreiðat ábreiðum ábreiðitum
Gen. ábreiðs ábreiðats ábreiðar ábreiðit

áksl

sn.f. , from EON áxl

  1. shoulder (anatomy)
  2. shoulder blade; the flat, triangular bone at the upper back part of the shoulder
  3. ridge of a mountain
  4. axle
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ákslr ákslinn ákslr ákslinn
Acc. áksl ákslin áksl ákslin
Dat. áksl ákslin ákslum ákslinum
Gen. ákslar ákslins ákslar ákslin

áng

interj. , probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. positive counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

See also náng.

Alternative form: éng

ást

sn.f. , from ON ást

  1. love, affection
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ástr ástinn ástr ástinn
Acc. ást ástin ást ástin
Dat. ást ástin ástum ástinum
Gen. ástar ástins ástar ástin

áð

adv. , from ON áðr

  1. before, temporal precedence or higher priority

B

bak

sn.n. , from ON bak

  1. back; the rear part of the human body, extending from the neck to the buttocks
  2. rear, reverse; the side or part of something that is opposite the front
  3. support, backing; the part of something that provides strength or reinforcement from behind
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bak bakit bak bakitr
Acc. bak bakit bak bakit
Dat. bak bakit bakum bakitum
Gen. baks bakits baks bakit

barn

sn.n. , from ON barn

  1. child
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. barn barnit barn barnitr
Acc. barn barnit barn barnit
Dat. barn barnit barnum barnitum
Gen. barns barnits barns barnit

bát

sn.m. , from ON bátr

  1. boat
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bátr bátinn bátr bátinn
Acc. bát bátin bát bátin
Dat. bát bátin bátum bátinum
Gen. bátar bátins bátar bátin

ber(a)

sv. , from ON bera

  1. to transport or convey something from one place to another
  2. to hold and move something

Declensions:

infinitive
ber
imperative
ber
imperative passive voice
berask
present participle
berand
past participle
berit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s berar berir bert berumk
2s berar berir bert bersk
3s berar berir bert berask
1p berum berim berum berumk
2p berið berið beruð berask
3p berið berið beruð berask

bil

wn.n. , shortened from of automobil

  1. car (motorcar, automobile)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bil bilit bill bilitr
Acc. bil bilit bil bilit
Dat. bil bilit bilum bilitum
Gen. bils bilits bils bilit

bjálf(i)

wn.m. , from ON bjálfi

  1. skin, fur (animals)
  2. skin (human’s, colloquial)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bjálf bjálfit bjálfr bjálfitr
Acc. bjálf bjálfit bjálf bjálfit
Dat. bjálf bjálfit bjálfum bjálfitum
Gen. bjálfs bjálfits bjálfs bjálfit

blá

adj. , from ON blár

  1. blue
  2. cold (colour)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. blár blát
Acc. blá blát
Dat. blámum blámum
Gen. blás blás
Pl.Nom. blárar blá
Acc. blá blá
Dat. blámum blámum
Gen. blárar blár

bleik

adj. , from ON bleikr

  1. pinkish yellow
  2. warm (colour)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. bleikr bleikar
Acc. bleikum bleikum
Dat. bleik bleik
Gen. bleik bleikar
Pl.Nom. bleiks bleiks
Acc. bleikum bleikum
Dat. bleikt bleik
Gen. bleikt bleikr

blóð

sn.n. , from ON blóð

  1. blood; the red liquid that circulates in the veins and arteries of humans and other vertebrate animals

  2. kinship, lineage; the relationship betweenpeople who share ancestors

    ::: tip Example

    Vér eruð af sam blóð.

    We are of the same blood/family/lineage.

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. blóð blóðit blóð blóðitr
Acc. blóð blóðit blóð blóðit
Dat. blóð blóðit blóðum blóðitum
Gen. blóðs blóðits blóðs blóðit

borð

sn.n.

  1. table
  2. large plank
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. borð borðit borð borðitr
Acc. borð borðit borð borðit
Dat. borð borðit borðum borðitum
Gen. borðs borðits borðs borðit

boðorð

sn.m.

  1. a rule
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. boðorðr boðorðinn boðorðr boðorðinn
Acc. boðorð boðorðin boðorð boðorðin
Dat. boðorð boðorðin boðorðum boðorðinum
Gen. boðorðar boðorðins boðorðar boðorðin

boðorðsman

sn.m. , from boðorð and man

  1. judge
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. boðorðsmann boðorðsmaninn boðorðsmann boðorðsmaninn
Acc. boðorðsman boðorðsmanin boðorðsman boðorðsmanin
Dat. boðorðsman boðorðsmanin boðorðsmanum boðorðsmaninum
Gen. boðorðsmanar boðorðsmanins boðorðsmanar boðorðsmanin

borg

sn.f , from ON borg

  1. city
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. borgr borginn borgr borginn
Acc. borg borgin borg borgin
Dat. borg borgin borgum borginum
Gen. borgar borgins borgar borgin

bráð

sn.m.

Alternative form: bréð

See bróð

bróð(i)

sn.m. , from ON bróðir

  1. brother, plural bráð

Re-analysis of ON bródir decomposed into bróð + -ir by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural bráðir which got re-analyzed into bráð + -ir.

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bróðr bróðinn bráðr bráðinn
Acc. bróð bróðin bráð bráðin
Dat. bróðir bróðin bráðir bráðinum
Gen. bróð bróðins bráðum bráðin

bróðdótt(u)

sn.f. , from bróð and dótt

  1. niece; the daughter of one’s brother

For decliensions, see dótt(u)

bróðson

sn.m. , from bróð and son

  1. nephew; the son of one’s brother

For declensions, see son

brún

adj. , from ON brúnn

  1. brown, dark red
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. brúnn brúnt
Acc. brún brúnt
Dat. brúnum brúnum
Gen. brúns brúns
Pl.Nom. brúnar brún
Acc. brún brún
Dat. brúnum brúnum
Gen. brúnar brúnn

bók(a)

sn.f. , from ON bók

  1. book, plural bøk
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bókr bókann bøkr bøkann
Acc. bók bókan bøk bøkan
Dat. bókar bókan bøkar bøkanum
Gen. bók bókans bøkum bøkan

bøk

sn.f.

See bók

bú

wn.m.

  1. dweller
  2. general meaning of neighbour, can also mean someone living in the neighbourhood or in the same general area

See also grann(i) and nágrann(i)

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bú búit búr búitr
Acc. bú búit bú búit
Dat. bú búit búum búitum
Gen. bús búits bús búit

C

D

dag

sn.m. , from ON dagr

  1. natural day
  2. day (unit of time), 24 hours
  3. í dag: today
  4. week day
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dagr daginn dagr daginn
Acc. dag dagin dag dagin
Dat. dag dagin dagum daginum
Gen. dagar dagins dagar dagin

Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of dag ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced.

dá-

prefix , unknown etymology

  1. adjective intensifier, dáX is very X

djúp

adj. , from ON djúpr

  1. deep
  2. profound (figuratively)

Alternative form: djóp

Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. djúpr djúpt
Acc. djúp djúpt
Dat. djúpum djúpum
Gen. djúps djúps
Pl.Nom. djúpar djúp
Acc. djúp djúp
Dat. djúpum djúpum
Gen. djúpar djúpr

djúplig

adv. , from OE djúpr (see djúp) with OE suffix -ligr (see ON -ligr)

  1. deeply
  2. inherently

Alternative form: djópleg

dótt(u)

sn.f. , from ON dóttir

  1. daughter

See also panig

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dóttr dóttunn dóttr dóttunn
Acc. dótt dóttun dótt dóttun
Dat. dótt dóttun dóttum dóttunum
Gen. dóttur dóttuns dóttur dóttun

dyr

sn.f. , from ON dyrr

  1. door
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dyrr dyrinn dyrr dyrinn
Acc. dyr dyrin dyr dyrin
Dat. dyr dyrin dyrum dyrinum
Gen. dyrar dyrins dyrar dyrin

dýn(a)

wn.f. , from ON dýna

  1. mattress
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dýn dýnat dýnn dýnatr
Acc. dýn dýnat dýn dýnat
Dat. dýn dýnat dýnum dýnatum
Gen. dýns dýnats dýns dýnat

dýnsábreið(a)

wn.f. , from dýn and ábreið

  1. blanket

Alternative form: dønsébreið(a)

See ábreið for declensions.

dýnskláð

wn.n. , from dýn(a) and kláð(i).

  1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes”

Alternative form: dǿnskléð

See kláð(i) for declensions.

dýr

sn.n. , from ON dýr.

  1. animal
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dýr dýrit dýr dýritr
Acc. dýr dýrit dýr dýrit
Dat. dýr dýrit dýrum dýritum
Gen. dýrs dýrits dýrs dýrit

dýrgríp(a)

wn.f. , from dýr and gríp(a)

  1. predator; an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

    ::: tip Example

    Dýrgripat finnt fœð.

    The predator found food/sustenance.

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dýrgríp dýrgrípat dýrgrípr dýrgrípatr
Acc. dýrgríp dýrgrípat dýrgríp dýrgrípat
Dat. dýrgríp dýrgrípat dýrgrípum dýrgrípatum
Gen. dýrgríps dýrgrípats dýrgríps dýrgrípat

dœtt(i)

sn.f. , from ON dóttir

Plural of dótt(i).

Đ

E

edd(a)

wn.f. , from ON edda

  1. great grandmother
  2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. edd eddann eddr eddann
Acc. edd eddan edd eddan
Dat. eddas eddan eddam eddanum
Gen. eddas eddans eddas eddan

eð

conj. , from ON eða

Dialectal variety of ell(a)

ef

adv. , from ON ef

  1. if, in case, in case that

Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it.

ei

Regional variation of eig.

eig(i)

adv. and written ei, from ON eigi

  1. not, negative marker of a verb

ein(n)

, from ON einn

  1. num.

    1. one (cardinal)

  2. adj.

    1. alone
    2. single

  3. pronoun.

    1. one
    2. a few, some (plural)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. einn eininn einn eininn
Acc. ein einin ein einin
Dat. ein einin einum eininum
Gen. einar einins einar einin
Declension of ein as a pronoun
/ <r>
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. einn eitt
Acc. ein eitt
Dat. einum eitum
Gen. eins eits
Pl.Nom. einar eit
Acc. ein eit
Dat. einum eitum
Gen. einar eitr
Declension of ein as an adjective

einnig

adv. , from ON einnig

  1. also, too Something is in addition to something that hwas already been said

  2. likewise, similarly

    Something is the same or similar to something that has already been said

    ::: tip Example

    Ek málar Fransk, ok hann einnig

    I speak French, and so does he.

    :::
  3. moreover, furthermore Introduce new but related information

Eittland

sn.n. , from OE neutral einn (alone, lonely), itself from ON einn, and ON land

  1. High Kingdom of Eittland
  2. island of Eittland
Sg.
Nom. Eittland
Acc. Eittland
Dat. Eittland
Gen. Eittlands

ekt(a)

, from ON ektar-

  1. adj. wedded
  2. wn.n. spouse
  3. wv. to marry
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. ektr ektt
Acc. ekt ektt
Dat. ektum ektum
Gen. ekts ekts
Pl.Nom. ektar ekt
Acc. ekt ekt
Dat. ektum ektum
Gen. ektar ektr
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ekt ektat ektr ektatr
Acc. ekt ektat ekt ektat
Dat. ekt ektat ektum ektatum
Gen. ekts ektats ekts ektat

Declensions:

infinitive
ekt
imperative
ekt
imperative passive voice
ektask
present participle
ektand
past participle
ektit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s ektar ektir ekt ektumk
2s ektar ektir ekt ekttisk
3s ektar ektir ekt ekttisk
1p ektum ektim ektum ektumk
2p ektið ektið ektuð ekttisk
3p ektið ektið ektuð ekttisk

ektakon(a)

sn.f. , from ekt(a) and kon(a)

  1. wife

For declensions, see kon(a)

ektaman

sn.m. , from ekt(a) and man

  1. husband

For declensions, see man

eld

sn.m. , from ON eldr

  1. fire, the phenomenon of combustion characterised by the emission of heat and light

  2. passion, intensity, driving force, strong emotion or enthusiasm; intense feeling or desire; a powerful and motivating force

    ::: tip Example

    Hann havir eld fyrir verkit hennum

    He has great passion for his project

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. eldr eldinn eldr eldinn
Acc. eld eldin eld eldin
Dat. eld eldin eldum eldinum
Gen. eldar eldins eldar eldin

ell(a)

, from ON ella, see also eð

  1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
  2. (conj.) or

en

conj. , from ON en. See also nem

  1. yet, still
  2. but (general purpose, links phrases as in English)

eng(i)

det. , from ein(n) and -(i)g

  1. no, not any
  2. any (after negative or comparative)

For the indefinite pronoun usage, see Indefinite pronouns (grammar)

/ <r> <
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. eng ekk
Acc. eng ekk
Dat. engum eng
Gen. engrar enks
Pl.Nom. engar eng
Acc. eng eng
Dat. engum engum
Gen. engr engr
eng-declension

engin

indef.pron. , from ON enginn

  1. no one, none
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. enginn ekkert
Acc. engin ekkert
Dat. engum eng
Gen. engrar engrar
Pl.Nom. engar engin
Acc. engar engin
Dat. engum engum
Gen. engar engar

epil

wn.n. , from ON epli

  1. apple
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. epil epilit epill epilitr
Acc. epil epilit epil epilit
Dat. epil epilit epilum epilitum
Gen. epils epilits epils epilit

eptir

prep. , from ON eptir

  1. after
  2. afterwards
  3. according to, based on

  4. in search of, seeking for

    ::: tip Example

    Ek em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann?

    I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is?

    ek em eptir konung
    1s.NOM to.be.1s.PRES.IND after king
    kann-uð ér sagja mér hvar es han-n
    can-2p 2p.NOM to.tell 1s.DAT where to.be.3s.PRES.IND 3s.m-NOM
    :::

eptirdag

adv. , from eptir and dag (dative)

  1. tomorrow

enn

adv. , from ON enn

  1. yet
  2. still

et(a)

iv. , from ON eta

  1. to eat
  2. to consume
  3. to burn fuel (generally fire)

Declensions:

infinitive
et
imperative
et
imperative passive voice
etask
present participle
etand
past participle
etat
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s etar etir át etumk
2s etar etir át esk
3s etar etir át esk
1p etum etim átum etimk
2p etið etið átuð etisk
3p etið etið átuð etisk

eyr(a)

wn.n. , from ON eyra

  1. ear
  2. hearing; the sense or ability to perceive sound

  3. attention, heed; the act of listening carefully

    ::: tip Example

    Ek geft eyr hans.

    I paid attention to him (litt. I gave him ears)

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. eyr eyrat eyrr eyratr
Acc. eyr eyrat eyr eyrat
Dat. eyr eyrat eyrum eyratum
Gen. eyrs eyrats eyrs eyrat

É

F

fað(i)

sn.m. , from ON faðir

  1. father, plural feð

Re-analysis of sg. faðir and pl. feðir as fað and feð respectively, each appended with a grammatical -r or -ir (which later got reduced to -r).

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. faðr faðinn feðr feðinn
Acc. fað faðin feð feðin
Dat. fað faðin feðum feðinum
Gen. faðar faðins feðar feðin

faðarsyst

sn.f. , from fað and syst

  1. aunt; the sister of one’s brother

For declensions, see syst.

See also móðirsyst.

far(a)

iv. , from ON fara

  1. to go, to travel

Declensions:

infinitive
far
imperative
far
imperative passive voice
farsk
present participle
farand
past participle
farit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s ferar ferir fert ferumk
2s ferar ferir fert ferisk
3s ferar ferir fert ferisk
1p farum farim farum farumk
2p farið farið faruð farask
3p farið farið faruð farask

fár

adj. and indef.pron. , from ON fár

  1. few, in small numbers

The pronoun is usually in its plural form while the singular form is reserved for the adjective.

Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. fárr fárt
Acc. fár fárt
Dat. fárum fárum
Gen. fárs fárs
Pl.Nom. fárar fár
Acc. fár fár
Dat. fárum fárum
Gen. fárar fárr

feð

sn.m.

See fað

ferð

sn.m. , from EON ferðr

  1. fjord, bay
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ferðr ferðinn ferðr ferðinn
Acc. ferð ferðin ferð ferðin
Dat. ferð ferðin ferðum ferðinum
Gen. ferðar ferðins ferðar ferðin

fé

in.n.mass. , from ON fé

  1. wealth
Singular Plural
Nom. fé fé
Acc. fé fé
Dat. fé fém
Gen. fés fés

fing

sn.m. , from ON fingr

  1. finger
  2. digit; any of the digits of the hand, including the thumb
  3. pointer, indicator; something that points or directs attention to something else
  4. pointer (computer)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fingr finginn fingr finginn
Acc. fing fingin fing fingin
Dat. fing fingin fingum finginum
Gen. fingar fingins fingar fingin

finn(a)

wv. , from ON finna

  1. to find; to discover or perceive something by chance or search
  2. to find out or become aware of something through effort or investigation

Declensions:

infinitive
finn
imperative
finn
imperative passive voice
finnask
present participle
finnand
past participle
finnit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s finnar finnir finnt finnumk
2s finnar finnir finnt finndisk
3s finnar finnir finnt finndisk
1p finnum finnim finnum finnumk
2p finnið finnið finnuð finndisk
3p finnið finnið finnuð finndisk

fisk

sn.m. , from ON fiskr

  1. fish
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fiskr fiskinn fiskr fiskinn
Acc. fisk fiskin fisk fiskin
Dat. fisk fiskin fiskum fiskinum
Gen. fiskar fiskins fiskar fiskin

fjall

sn.n. , from ON fjall

  1. mountain
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fjall fjallit fjall fjallitr
Acc. fjall fjallit fjall fjallit
Dat. fjall fjallit fjallum fjallitum
Gen. fjalls fjallits fjalls fjallit

flekk

sn.m. , from ON flekkr

  1. spot, e.g. of colour
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. flekkr flekkinn flekkr flekkinn
Acc. flekk flekkin flekk flekkin
Dat. flekk flekkin flekkum flekkinum
Gen. flekkar flekkins flekkar flekkin

foreld

sn.m. , from ON foreldri

  1. parent
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. foreldr foreldinn foreldr foreldinn
Acc. foreld foreldin foreld foreldin
Dat. foreld foreldin foreldum foreldinum
Gen. foreldir foreldins foreldir foreldin

Frídag

sn.m. , from EON fríadagr

  1. Friday, sixth day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

fogl

sn.m. , from ON fugl

  1. bird
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fugl fuglinn fugl fuglinn
Acc. fugl fuglin fugl fuglin
Dat. fugl fuglin fuglum fuglinum
Gen. fuglar fuglins fuglar fuglin

fót

sn.m. , from ON fótr

  1. foot
  2. base, foundation; the lowest part or support of something
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fótr fótinn fótr fótinn
Acc. fót fótin fót fótin
Dat. fót fótin fótum fótinum
Gen. fótar fótins fótar fótin

fœð

wn.f. , from ON fæða

  1. food, nourishment; substance that provides nutrients for growth and maintenance; mostly used in the context of providing sustenance and nutrition, especially for animals; can refer to both human and animal food, with a focus on the nutritional aspect

Similarly to mat, while it is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used to refer to different types of food.

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fœð fœðat fœðr fœðatr
Acc. fœð fœðat fœð fœðat
Dat. fœð fœðat fœðum fœðatum
Gen. fœðs fœðats fœðs fœðat

See also mat.

frjánd(i)

wn.m. , from ON frændi

  1. uncle; the brother of one’s parent
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. frjánd frjándit frjándr frjánditr
Acc. frjánd frjándit frjánd frjándit
Dat. frjánd frjándit frjándum frjánditum
Gen. frjánds frjándits frjánds frjándit

frjándkon(a)

sn.f. , from frjánd and kon

  1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (female)

For declensions, see kon(a).

See also ill (generic term for cousin) and frjándman (male cousin).

frjándman

sn.m. , from frjánd and man

  1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male)

For declensions, see man.

See also ill (generic term for cousin) and frjándkon (female cousin).

fylgj(a)

wv. , from ON fylgja

  1. to follow
  2. to stand with (metaphorically)

Declensions:

infinitive
fylgja
imperative
fylgja
imperative passive voice
fylgjask
present participle
fylgjand
past participle
fylgjat
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s fylgjar fylir fylgjat fylgjumk
2s fylgjar fylir fylgjat fylðisk
3s fylgjar fylir fylgjat fylðisk
1p fylgjum fylim fylgjum fylgjumk
2p fylið fylið fylgjuð fylðisk
3p fylið fylið fylgjuð fylðisk

G

gamal

adj. , from ON gamall

  1. old, ancient
  2. old (age)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. gamall gamalar
Acc. gamalum gamalum
Dat. gamal gamal
Gen. gamal gamalar
Pl.Nom. gamals gamals
Acc. gamalum gamalum
Dat. gamalt gamal
Gen. gamalt gamall

gauð

wn.f. , from ON gauð (a barking)

  1. a quarrel
  2. a heated debate (informal)

Alternative form: jauð

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. gauð gauðit gauðr gauðitr
Acc. gauð gauðit gauð gauðit
Dat. gauð gauðit gauðum gauðitum
Gen. gauðs gauðits gauðs gauðit

gauð(a)

wv. , from Eittlandic gauð

  1. to have a quarrel
  2. to argue, have a heated debate (informal)

Alternative form: jauð

Declensions:

infinitive
gauð
imperative
gauð
imperative passive voice
gauðask
present participle
gauðand
past participle
gauðin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s gauðar gauðir gauðt gauðumk
2s gauðar gauðir gauðt gauððisk
3s gauðar gauðir gauðt gauððisk
1p gauðum gauðim gauðum gauðumk
2p gauðið gauðið gauðuð gauððisk
3p gauðið gauðið gauðuð gauððisk

gef

sn.f. , from Early Old Norse gjef

  1. gift, present

Alternative form: jev

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. gefr gefinn gefr gefinn
Acc. gef gefin gef gefin
Dat. gef gefin gefum gefinum
Gen. gefar gefins gefar gefin

gef(a)

wv. , from Early Old Norse gjef

  1. to give; to transfer the possession of something to someone

    ::: tip Example

    Ek geft henn bókan.

    I gave her the book.

    :::

  2. to provide, to supply; to make something available for use

    ::: tip Example

    Hann gefr oss mat.

    He provides us with food.

    :::

  3. to cause, to bring about; to make something happen

    ::: tip Example

    Han geft hanum sorg.

    She caused him sorrow.

    :::
  4. to yield, to produce; to generate a result or outcome

Declensions:

infinitive
gef
imperative
gef
imperative passive voice
gefask
present participle
gefand
past participle
gefit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s gefar gefir geft gefumk
2s gefar gefir geft gefdisk
3s gefar gefir geft gefdisk
1p gefum gefim gefum gefumk
2p gefið gefið gefuð gefdisk
3p gefið gefið gefuð gefdisk

gegn

adv. , from ON gegn

  1. against, opposing

Alternative form: jegn

geit

sn.f. , from ON geit

  1. she-goat
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. geitr geitinn geitr geitinn
Acc. geit geitin geit geitin
Dat. geit geitin geitum geitinum
Gen. geitar geitins geitar geitin

See also haf

ger(a)

iv. , from ON göra

  1. to do, to make
  2. to act

Unlike its English counterpart to do, the Eittlandic verb ger(a) is not a modal verb.

Declensions:

infinitive
ger
imperative
ger
imperative passive voice
gerask
present participle
gerand
past participle
gerð
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s ger ger gerð gerumk
2s gerar gerir gerðir gerisk
3s gerar ger gerðir gerisk
1p gerum gerim gerðum gerumk
2p gerið gerið gerðuð gerisk
3p ger ger gerð gerisk

gleym(a)

sv. , from ON gleyma

  1. to forget

Alternative form: gløym

Declensions:

infinitive
gleym
imperative
gleym
imperative passive voice
gleymsk
present participle
gleymand
past participle
gleymit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s gleymar gleymir gleymt gleymumk
2s gleymar gleymir gleymt gleymask
3s gleymar gleymir gleymt gleymask
1p gleymum gleymir gleymum gleymumk
2p gleymið gleymið gleymuð gleymask
3p gleymið gleymið gleymuð gleymask

The verb gleym takes a dative instead of an accusative.

::: tip Example

  1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum

    ek gleym-r opt lykill-inum
    1s.NOM forget-1s.PRES often key-pl.DAT.DEF.

    I often forget the keys

  2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin

    hann haft gleymt at far til borg-in
    3s.m.NOM have.3s.PST forget.3s.PST to.DAT go.INF to city-sg.DAT.DEF

    He forgot to go to the city.

:::

goð

sn.n. , from ON goð

  1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. goð goðit goð goðitr
Acc. goð goðit goð goðit
Dat. goð goðit goðum goðitum
Gen. goðs goðits goðs goðit

góð

adj. , from ON góðr

  1. good
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. góðr góðt
Acc. góð góðt
Dat. góðum góðum
Gen. góðs góðs
Pl.Nom. góðar góð
Acc. góð góð
Dat. góðum góðum
Gen. góðar góðr

grað(a)

wn.n. , from Latin gradus

  1. degree (general)
  2. degree (scholar)
  3. degree (geometry)
  4. degree (temperature)
  5. grade (scholar)
  6. military rank
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. grað graðat graðr graðatr
Acc. grað graðat grað graðat
Dat. grað graðat graðum graðatum
Gen. graðs graðats graðs graðat

grann(i)

wn.m. , from ON granni

  1. neighbour, someone who lives nearby

See also bú

grá

adj. , from ON grár

  1. grey, silver (colour)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. grár grát
Acc. grá grát
Dat. grámum grámum
Gen. grás grás
Pl.Nom. grárar grá
Acc. grá grá
Dat. grámum grámum
Gen. grárar grár

gríp(a)

sv. , from grípa

  1. to ɡrip, to ɡrab, to seize; to take hold of something firmly

    ::: tip Example

    Ek grípt þat sterklig.

    I gripped it stronlgy.

    :::

  2. to grasp; to comprehend something mentally

    ::: tip Example

    Ek grípt eig hvat sagja hann.

    I did not grasp what he said.

    :::

Declensions:

infinitive
gríp
imperative
gríp
imperative passive voice
grípask
present participle
grípand
past participle
grípit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s grípar grípir grípt grípumk
2s grípar grípir grípt grípask
3s grípar grípir grípt grípask
1p grípum grípim grípum grípumk
2p grípið grípið grípuð grípask
3p grípið grípið grípuð grípask

grœn

adj. , from ON grǿnn

  1. green
  2. fresh
  3. hopeful, good, happy
  4. sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. grœnn grœnt
Acc. grœn grœnt
Dat. grœnum grœnum
Gen. grœns grœns
Pl.Nom. grœnar grœn
Acc. grœn grœn
Dat. grœnum grœnum
Gen. grœnar grœnn
groen-adj-declension
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. grœnn grœninn grœnn grœninn
Acc. grœn grœnin grœn grœnin
Dat. grœn grœnin grœnum grœninum
Gen. grœnar grœnins grœnar grœnin
groen-noun-declension

gul

, from ON gull

  1. sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only)
  2. sn.n. jewelry (countable)
  3. adj. golden, yellow
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. gull gult
Acc. gul gult
Dat. gulum gulum
Gen. guls guls
Pl.Nom. gular gul
Acc. gul gul
Dat. gulum gulum
Gen. gular gull
gul-adjective-declension
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. gul gulit gul gulitr
Acc. gul gulit gul gulit
Dat. gul gulit gulum gulitum
Gen. guls gulits guls gulit
gul-noun-declension

H

haf

sn.m. , from ON hafr

  1. he-goat
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hafr hafinn hafr hafinn
Acc. haf hafin haf hafin
Dat. haf hafin hafum hafinum
Gen. hafar hafins hafar hafin

See also geit

hals

sn.m. , from ON hals

  1. neck
  2. throat
  3. narrow passage or strait; a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hals halsinn hals halsinn
Acc. hals halsin hals halsin
Dat. hals halsin halsum halsinum
Gen. halsar halsins halsar halsin

han

wn.m. , from ON hani

  1. a rooster, a cock (animal only)
  2. someone who is excessively proud, boastful, or self-important; a person who likes to show off or brag
  3. a representation of vigilance, alertness, or watchfulness; a symbol of being on guard or assertive
  4. (slightly dated) a representation of masculinity, virility, or male strength; a symbol of male dominance or prowess; used negatively by most native speakers that are not elderly
  5. (dated) someone who is a leader or a dominant figure in a group; a person who likes being in charge of and guiding others
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. han hanit hanr hanitr
Acc. han hanit han hanit
Dat. han hanit hanum hanitum
Gen. hans hanits hans hanit

hav(a)

iv. , from ON hafa

  1. to have
  2. stative auxilliary

Declensions:

infinitive
hav
imperative
hav (except 2p haft)
imperative passive voice
hafsk (except 1p havumsk)
present participle
havand
past participle
hafr
Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Indicative Past Subjunctive Past
1s hav hav haft haft
2s havir havir haftir haftir
3s havir hav haft haft
1p havum havim haft haft
2p haft haft haftuð haftið
3p hav hav haft haft

Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice.

Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Indicative Past Subjunctive Past
1 havumk havumk havumk heðumk
2 hafsk havisk havisk heðisk
3 hafsk havisk havisk heðisk

hánd

sn.f. , from EON hánd

  1. hand
  2. side,direction; a particular direction or orientation, often indicated by the left or right hand
  3. agency, involvment; the role or part played by someone in a particular situation
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hándr hándinn hándr hándinn
Acc. hánd hándin hánd hándin
Dat. hánd hándin hándum hándinum
Gen. hándar hándins hándar hándin

hás

adj. , from EON háss

  1. white (hair colour)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. háss hást
Acc. hás hást
Dat. hásum hásum
Gen. háss háss
Pl.Nom. hásar hás
Acc. hás hás
Dat. hásum hásum
Gen. hásar háss

háv

adj.

  1. tall, high
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. hár hávt
Acc. háv hávt
Dat. hávum hávum
Gen. hávs hávs
Pl.Nom. hávar háv
Acc. háv háv
Dat. hávum hávum
Gen. hávar hávr

hávn

sn.f.

  1. haven, port, harbour
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hávnn hávninn hávnn hávninn
Acc. hávn hávnin hávn hávnin
Dat. hávn hávnin hávnum hávninum
Gen. hávnar hávnins hávnar hávnin

hávuð

in.n. , from ON hǫfuð

  1. head (body)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hávuð hávuðit hávuð hávuðitr
Acc. hávuð hávuðit hávuð hávuðit
Dat. háð háðit hávum hávitum
Gen. háðs háðits háðs háðit

háðsdýn

wn.f. , from hávuð and dýn(a)

  1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress”

See dýn(a) for declensions.

hef

sv. , from ON hefja

  1. to heave, lift, raise, move something upward
  2. to elevate or raise the status or importance of something
  3. to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu
  4. to enhance or improve something

Declensions:

infinitive
hef
imperative
hef
imperative passive voice
hefjask
present participle
hefjand
past participle
hefit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s hefjar hefir heft hefjumk
2s hefjar hefir heft hefsk
3s hefjar hefir heft hefisk
1p hefjum hefim hefjum hefjumk
2p hefið hefið hefjuð hefisk
3p hefið hefið hefjuð hefisk

heim

  1. sn.m. home
  2. adv. (at) home
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. heimr heiminn heimr heiminn
Acc. heim heimin heim heimin
Dat. heim heimin heimum heiminum
Gen. heimar heimins heimar heimin
heim-noun-declension

heils(a)

wn.f. , from ON heilsa

  1. health
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. heils heilsat heilsr heilsatr
Acc. heils heilsat heils heilsat
Dat. heils heilsat heilsum heilsatum
Gen. heilsas heilsats heilsas heilsat

her

wn.m. , from Danish herr.

  1. lord
  2. Sir, title
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. her herit herr heritr
Acc. her herit her herit
Dat. her herit herum heritum
Gen. hers herits hers herit

hest

sn.m. , from ON hestr

  1. horse (generic term)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hestr hestinn hestr hestinn
Acc. hest hestin hest hestin
Dat. hest hestin hestum hestinum
Gen. hestar hestins hestar hestin

See also hros

himin

sn.m. , from ON himinn

  1. sky (generic term)
  2. Christian heaven
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. himinn himininn himinn himininn
Acc. himin himinin himin himinin
Dat. himin himinin himinum himininum
Gen. himinar himinins himinar himinin

historja

wn.f. , from Latin historia

  1. history (school subject)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. historja historjat historjar historjatr
Acc. historja historjat historja historjat
Dat. historja historjat historjum historjatum
Gen. historjas historjats historjas historjat

hjá

adj. , from ON hjá

  1. near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically)
  2. soon
  3. by (a book by this author)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. hjár hját
Acc. hjá hját
Dat. hjámum hjámum
Gen. hjás hjás
Pl.Nom. hjárar hjá
Acc. hjá hjá
Dat. hjámum hjámum
Gen. hjárar hjár

hjól

sn.n. , from ON hjól

  1. wheel
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hjól hjólit hjól hjólitr
Acc. hjól hjólit hjól hjólit
Dat. hjól hjólit hjólum hjólitum
Gen. hjóls hjólits hjóls hjólit

hlaup(a)

sv. , from ON hlaupa

  1. to run
  2. to rush (figuratively), to hurry

Declensions:

infinitive
hlaup
imperative
hlaup
imperative passive voice
hlaupask
present participle
hlaupand
past participle
hlaupit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s hlaupar hlaupir hlaupt hlaupumk
2s hlaupar hlaupir hlaupt hlaupask
3s hlaupar hlaupir hlaupt hlaupask
1p hlaupum hlaupim hlaupum hlaupumk
2p hlaupið hlaupið hlaupuð hlaupask
3p hlaupið hlaupið hlaupuð hlaupask

hler(a)

sv. , from ON hlera

  1. to hear
  2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)

Declensions:

infinitive
hler
imperative
hler
imperative passive voice
hlerask (except 1p hlerumk)
present participle
hlerand
past participle
hlerit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s hlerar hlerir hlert hlerumk
2s hlerar hlerir hlert hlerask
3s hlerar hlerir hlert hlerask
1p hlerum hlerim hlerum hlerumk
2p hlerið hlerið hleruð hlerask
3p hlerið hlerið hleruð hlerask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See hlust(a).

hleð

sn.n. , from EON hleða, see ON hljóð

  1. sound, noise, thing heard
  2. unintelligible speech or conversation
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hleð hleðit hleð hleðitr
Acc. hleð hleðit hleð hleðit
Dat. hleð hleðit hleðum hleðitum
Gen. hleðs hleðits hleðs hleðit

hleð(a)

sv. , from hleð

  1. to make a noise
  2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)

Declensions:

infinitive
hleð
imperative
hleð
imperative passive voice
hleðsk
present participle
hleðand
past participle
hleðat
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s hleðar hleðir hleðt hleðumk
2s hleðar hleðir hleðt hleðask
3s hleðar hleðir hleðt hleðask
1p hleðum hleðim hleðum hleðumk
2p hleðið hleðið hleðuð hleðask
3p hleðið hleðið hleðuð hleðask

hlóð

wn.n. , from ON hlóð

  1. hearth
  2. living room
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hlóð hlóðit hlóðr hlóðitr
Acc. hlóð hlóðit hlóð hlóðit
Dat. hlóð hlóðit hlóðum hlóðitum
Gen. hlóðs hlóðits hlóðs hlóðit

hlust(a)

wv. , from ON hlusta

  1. to listen to

Declensions:

infinitive
hlust
imperative
hlust
imperative passive voice
hlustask (except 1p hlustumk)
present participle
hlustand
past participle
hlustit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s hlustar hlustir hlustat hlustumk
2s hlustar hlustir hlustat hlusttask
3s hlustar hlustir hlustat hlusttask
1p hlustum hlustim hlustum hlustumk
2p hlustið hlustið hlustuð hlusttask
3p hlustið hlustið hlustuð hlusttask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See

::: tip Example
  1. Han hlustr henn He’s listening to her
  2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek? Are you listening to what I am saying?
  3. Vér hlustum eigi We did not listen
:::

hneis(a)

wn.f. , from ON hneisa

  1. shame, disgrace, fear
  2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
  3. social isolation
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hneis hneisat hneisr hneisatr
Acc. hneis hneisat hneis hneisat
Dat. hneis hneisat hneisum hneisatum
Gen. hneisas hneisats hneisas hneisat

hneising

wn.n.

  1. hermit
  2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hneising hneisingit hneisingr hneisingitr
Acc. hneising hneisingit hneising hneisingit
Dat. hneising hneisingit hneisingum hneisingitum
Gen. hneisings hneisingits hneisings hneisingit

hnjós(a)

sv. , from ON hnjósa

  1. to sneeze

Declensions:

infinitive
hnjós
imperative
hnjós
imperative passive voice
hnjósask
present participle
hnjósand
past participle
hnjósit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s hnjósar hnjósir hnjóst hnjósumk
2s hnjósar hnjósir hnjóst hnjósask
3s hnjósar hnjósir hnjóst hnjósask
1p hnjósum hnjósim hnjósum hnjósumk
2p hnjósið hnjósið hnjósuð hnjósask
3p hnjósið hnjósið hnjósuð hnjósask

hóst

sn.m. , from ON hóstr

  1. lower part of the throat
  2. chest
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hóstr hóstinn hóstr hóstinn
Acc. hóst hóstin hóst hóstin
Dat. hóst hóstin hóstum hóstinum
Gen. hóstar hóstins hóstar hóstin

hrifs

wn.n. , from ON hrifs

  1. assault, mugging

Alternative form: hrivs

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hrifs hrifsit hrifsr hrifsitr
Acc. hrifs hrifsit hrifs hrifsit
Dat. hrifs hrifsit hrifsum hrifsitum
Gen. hrifs hrifsits hrifs hrifsit

hring

sn.m. , from ON hringr

  1. ring
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hringr hringinn hringr hringinn
Acc. hring hringin hring hringin
Dat. hring hringin hringum hringinum
Gen. hringar hringins hringar hringin

Hringarherinssagat

pn.

  1. The Lord of the Rings, litt. The Story of the Lord of the Ring

hros

sn.n. , from ON hross

  1. horse; archaic, poetic word with a connotation of nobility, strength, or wilderness
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hros hrosit hros hrositr
Acc. hros hrosit hros hrosit
Dat. hros hrosit hrosum hrositum
Gen. hross hrosits hross hrosit

See also hest

hug(a)

sv.

  1. to mind, to think
  2. to dwell on
  3. to meditate

Declensions:

infinitive
hug
imperative
hug
imperative passive voice
hugask
present participle
hugand
past participle
hugit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s hugar hugir hugat hugumk
2s hugar hugir hugat hugask
3s hugar hugir hugat hugask
1p hugum hugim hugum hugumk
2p hugið hugið huguð hugask
3p hugið hugið huguð hugask

hugaleið(a)

wv. , from hug(a) and leið(a)

  1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically
  2. officiate a religious event

Declensions:

infinitive
hugaleið
imperative
hugaleið
imperative passive voice
hugaleiðask
present participhugale
hugaleiðand
past participhugale
hugaleiðit
person Ind Pres Subj. Pres. Past Pass.
1s hugaleiðar hugaleiðir hugaleiðt hugaleiðumk
2s hugaleiðar hugaleiðir hugaleiðt hugaleiððisk
3s hugaleiðar hugaleiðir hugaleiðt hugaleiððisk
1p hugaleiðum hugaleiðim hugaleiðum hugaleiðumk
2p hugaleiðið hugaleiðið hugaleiðuð hugaleiððisk
3p hugaleiðið hugaleiðið hugaleiðuð hugaleiððisk

hund

sn.m. , from ON hundr

  1. dog
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hundr hundinn hundr hundinn
Acc. hund hundin hund hundin
Dat. hund hundin hundum hundinum
Gen. hundar hundins hundar hundin

hús

sn.n. , from ON hús

  1. house
  2. family
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hús húsit hús húsitr
Acc. hús húsit hús húsit
Dat. hús húsit húsum húsitum
Gen. hús húsits hús húsit

hval

sn.m. , from ON hvalr

  1. whale
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hvall hvalinn hvall hvalinn
Acc. hval hvalin hval hvalin
Dat. hval hvalin hvalum hvalinum
Gen. hvalar hvalins hvalar hvalin

hvar

pron. , from ON hvar

  1. where

Always in the dative case.

hvat

interr. , from ON hvat

  1. what
Sg.
Nom. hvat
Acc. hvat
Dat. hvat
Gen. hves

hvenár

interr. , from ON hvenær

  1. when

hver

interr. and pron. , from ON hverr

  1. which, who
  2. every, every one, each
Sg.
Nom. hver
Acc. hven
Dat. hvem
Gen. hves

When used in its every meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while hver bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns.

::: Example
  • Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han You’re listening to everything he/she says
  • Hver át epil mín? Who / which one of you ate my apple?
:::

hvernig

interr. , from ON hvernig

  1. how, in what way

hversdag

, from hver and dag

  1. adj. daily, everyday
  2. adv. daily, everyday
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. hversdagr hversdagt
Acc. hversdag hversdagt
Dat. hversdagum hversdagum
Gen. hversdags hversdags
Pl.Nom. hversdagar hversdag
Acc. hversdag hversdag
Dat. hversdagum hversdagum
Gen. hversdagar hversdagr
hversdag-adjective-declension

hví

adv. , from ON hví

  1. why

Alternative form: hve

hvíl(a)

wn.f. , from ON hvíla

  1. bedroom
  2. family bed (dated)

Alternative form: hvel(a)

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hvíl hvílat hvíll hvílatr
Acc. hvíl hvílat hvíl hvílat
Dat. hvíl hvílat hvílum hvílatum
Gen. hvíls hvílats hvíls hvílat

hvílskláð(i)

wn.n. , from hvíl and kláð

  1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes

Alternative form: hvelskléð(i)

See kláð(i) for declensions.

hvít

adj. , from ON hvítr

  1. white
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. hvítr hvítt
Acc. hvít hvítt
Dat. hvítum hvítum
Gen. hvíts hvíts
Pl.Nom. hvítar hvít
Acc. hvít hvít
Dat. hvítum hvítum
Gen. hvítar hvítr

I

-ig(i)

suffix , from ON -gi

  1. negative, no, not

ikkí

interj. , probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. How cold! Brr!

ill(u)

sn.m. , inherited for Tunrit

  1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male or female), with the connotation of being a close friend or companion
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ill illut ill illutr
Acc. ill illut ill illut
Dat. ill illut illum illutum
Gen. ills illuts ills illut

See also frjándkon (female cousin) and frjándman (male cousin).

inhald

wn.n. , from ON innihald

  1. written content
  2. web page content
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. inhald inhaldit inhaldr inhalditr
Acc. inhald inhaldit inhald inhaldit
Dat. inhald inhaldit inhaldum inhalditum
Gen. inhalds inhaldits inhalds inhaldit

iþat

adv. , from OE eptir þat.

  1. nevertheless, nonetheless Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast

Internet

sn.f. , from English Internet

  1. Internet
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. Internetr Internetinn Internetr Internetinn
Acc. Internet Internetin Internet Internetin
Dat. Internet Internetin Internetum Internetinum
Gen. Internetar Internetins Internetar Internetin

Í

ís

sn.m. , from ON íss

  1. ice
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. íss ísinn íss ísinn
Acc. ís ísin ís ísin
Dat. ís ísin ísum ísinum
Gen. ísar ísins ísar ísin

J

jak

wn.n. , from Tibetan yak (གཡག).

  1. yak
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. yak yakit yakr yakitr
Acc. yak yakit yak yakit
Dat. yak yakit yakum yakitum
Gen. yaks yakits yaks yakit

já

, from ON já

  1. adv. yes
  2. interj. yes (as an exclamation of joy)

K

kaup

wn.n. , from ON kaup

  1. commerce
  2. bargain, barter

Alternative form: kóp

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. kaup kaupit kaupr kaupitr
Acc. kaup kaupit kaup kaupit
Dat. kaup kaupit kaupum kaupitum
Gen. kaups kaupits kaups kaupit

kaup(a)

wv. , from ON kaupa

  1. to make business by selling goods, to do commerce
  2. to bargain, to barter
  3. to exchange

Declensions:

infinitive
kaup
imperative
kaup
imperative passive voice
kaupask
present participle
kaupand
past participle
kaupit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s kaupar kaupar kaupar kaupum
2s kaupið kaupið kaupir kaupir
3s kaupir kaupim kaupið kaupið
1p kaupt kaupt kaupt kaupum
2p kaupuð kaupuð kaupumk kaupisk
3p kaupðisk kaupumk kaupðisk kaupisk

kanik

sn.n. , probably a Tunrit word

  1. cold, snowy rain; precipitation that falls as snow or a mix of rain and snow, typically in colder temperatures
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. kanik kanikit kanik kanikitr
Acc. kanik kanikit kanik kanikit
Dat. kanik kanikit kanikum kanikitum
Gen. kaniks kanikits kaniks kanikit

See also regn

kanik(a)

wv. , probably a Tunrit word

  1. to snow rain; for precipitation to fall as a mix of rain and snow; see kanik

Declensions:

infinitive
kanik
imperative
kanik
imperative passive voice
kanikask
present participle
kanikand
past participle
kanikit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s kanikar kanikir kanikt kanikumk
2s kanikar kanikir kanikt kanikaðisk
3s kanikar kanikir kanikt kanikaðisk
1p kanikum kanikim kanikum kanikumk
2p kanikið kanikið kanikuð kanikaðisk
3p kanikið kanikið kanikuð kanikaðisk

kann

iv.mod. , from ON kunna

  1. can
  2. to be able to

Note that, as a modal verb, kann is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods

Declensions:

infinitive
kann
person Ind. Pres. Past and Subj. Pres.
1s kann kunn
2s kannt kunn
3s kann kunn
1p kannum kunnim
2p kannuð kunnið
3p kann kunn

káppok

adj. , Tunrit borrowing

  1. peckish, a little hungry

Alternative form: kéffok

Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. káppokr káppokt
Acc. káppok káppokt
Dat. káppokum káppokum
Gen. káppoks káppoks
Pl.Nom. káppokar káppok
Acc. káppok káppok
Dat. káppokum káppokum
Gen. káppokar káppokr

kátt

sn.m. , from ON kǫttr

  1. cat
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. káttr káttinn káttr káttinn
Acc. kátt káttin kátt káttin
Dat. kátt káttin káttum káttinum
Gen. káttar káttins káttar káttin

kenn(a)

wv. , from ON kenna

  1. to know, to recognize
  2. to teach, when the patient is a dative element
  3. to perceive, to sense
  4. to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate sentence

Declensions:

infinitive
kenn
imperative
kenn
imperative passive voice
kennask
present participle
kennand
past participle
kennit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s kennar kennir kent kennumk
2s kennar kennir kent kendisk
3s kennar kennir kent kendisk
1p kennum kennim kennum kennumk
2p kennið kennið kennuð kendisk
3p kennið kennið kennuð kendisk

ker

wn.n. , from ON ker

  1. recipient, bassin
  2. vessel
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ker kerit kerr keritr
Acc. ker kerit ker kerit
Dat. ker kerit kerum keritum
Gen. kers kerits kers kerit

kék

adj. , Tunrit borrowing

  1. gray (hair colour)
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. kékr kékt
Acc. kék kékt
Dat. kékum kékum
Gen. kéks kéks
Pl.Nom. kékar kék
Acc. kék kék
Dat. kékum kékum
Gen. kékar kékr

kept

sn.m. , from EON keptr

  1. jaw
  2. grip, hold; the act of grasping or seizing something with the jaws or mouth
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. keptr keptinn keptr keptinn
Acc. kept keptin kept keptin
Dat. kept keptin keptum keptinum
Gen. keptar keptins keptar keptin

kláð(a)

sv. , from ON kláða

  1. to clothe
  2. to drape something
  3. to put cloth or clothes over something

Declensions:

infinitive
kláð
imperative
kláð
imperative passive voice
kláðask
present participle
kláðand
past participle
klánit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s kláðar kláðir kláðt kláðumk
2s kláðar kláðir kláðt kláðask
3s kláðar kláðir kláðt kláðask
1p kláðum kláðim kláðum kláðumk
2p kláðið kláðið kláðuð kláðask
3p kláðið kláðið kláðuð kláðask
::: tip Example
  • Ek kláðr ná mik I’m dressing up
  • Þú kláðt sáingin You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed
:::

kláð(i)

wn.n. , from ON klæði

  1. cloth
  2. thing that covers
  3. (pl) clothes
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. kláð kláðit kláðr kláðitr
Acc. kláð kláðit kláð kláðit
Dat. kláð kláðit kláðum kláðitum
Gen. kláðs kláðits kláðs kláðit

kné

sn.n. , from ON kné

  1. knee (anatomy)
  2. bend, curve; a part where something is bent or curved
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. kné knét kné knétr
Acc. kné knét kné knét
Dat. kné knét kném knétum
Gen. knés knéts knés knét

kom(a)

iv. , from ON koma

  1. to come

Declensions:

infinitive
kom
imperative
kom
imperative passive voice
komask
present participle
komand
past participle
kominn
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s kømar kom kœmt kømumk
2s kømar kom kœmt kømsk
3s kømar kom kœmt kømsk
1p komum komim kómum kómumk
2p komið komið kómuð kómsk
3p komið komið kómuð kómsk

kon(a)

sn.f. , from ON kona

  1. woman
  2. wife (colloquial)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. konr konann konr konann
Acc. kon konan kon konan
Dat. kon konan konum konanum
Gen. konar konans konar konan

Konung

sn.m. , from ON konungr

  1. king

Alternative form: Konong

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. Konungr Konunginn Konungr Konunginn
Acc. Konung Konungin Konung Konungin
Dat. Konung Konungin Konungum Konunginum
Gen. Konungar Konungins Konungar Konungin

konunɡliɡ

, from konung and suffix -lig.

  1. adv. royaly
  2. adj. royal

Alternative form: kononglej

Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. konungligr konungligt
Acc. konunglig konungligt
Dat. konungligum konungligum
Gen. konungligs konungligs
Pl.Nom. konungligar konunglig
Acc. konunglig konunglig
Dat. konungligum konungligum
Gen. konungligar konungligr
konunglig-adjective-declension

kú

sn.f. , from ON kýr

  1. cow
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. kúr kúnn kúr kúnn
Acc. kú kún kú kún
Dat. kú kún kúm kúnum
Gen. kúr kúns kúr kún

kúr(a)

sv. , from ON kúra

  1. to nap (not in a bed or a rekkja)

Alternative form: kor(a)

Declensions:

infinitive
kúr
imperative
kúr
imperative passive voice
kúrask
present participle
kúrand
past participle
kúrit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s kúrar kúrir kúrt kúrumk
2s kúrar kúrir kúrt kúrðask
3s kúrar kúrir kúrt kúrðask
1p kúrum kúrim kúrum kúrumk
2p kúrið kúrið kúruð kúrðask
3p kúrið kúrið kúruð kúrðask

L

land

sn.n. , from ON land

  1. land
  2. country
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. land landit land landitr
Acc. land landit land landit
Dat. land landit landum landitum
Gen. lands landits lands landit

lat

adj. , from ON https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr

  1. lazy
  2. with slow reaction time
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. latr latt
Acc. lat latt
Dat. latum latum
Gen. lats lats
Pl.Nom. latar lat
Acc. lat lat
Dat. latum latum
Gen. latar latr

Laurdag

sn.m. , from ON laugardagr

  1. Saturday, seventh day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

lág

sn.n.

  1. law, plural only
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. lág lágit lág lágitr
Acc. lág lágit lág lágit
Dat. lág lágit lágum lágitum
Gen. lágs lágits lágs lágit

lágsman

sn.m.

  1. lawyer, attorney

For declensions, see man.

lás(a)

wv. , from ON læsa

  1. to lock
  2. to shut (somewhat securely)

Declensions:

infinitive
lás
imperative
lás
imperative passive voice
lásask
present participle
lásand
past participle
lásin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s lásar lásir lást lásumk
2s lásar lásir lást lástisk
3s lásar lásir lást lástisk
1p lásum lásim lásum lásumk
2p lásið lásið lásuð lástisk
3p lásið lásið lásuð lástisk

leik

  1. sn.f. plaything
  2. sn.m. game
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. leikr leikinn leikr leikinn
Acc. leik leikin leik leikin
Dat. leik leikin leikum leikinum
Gen. leikar leikins leikar leikin

leik(a)

sv.

  1. to play

Declensions:

infinitive
leik
imperative
leik
imperative passive voice
leikask
present participle
leikand
past participle
leikit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s leikar leikir leikt leikumk
2s leikar leikir leikt leikask
3s leikar leikir leikt leikask
1p leikum leikim leikum leikumk
2p leikið leikið leikuð leikask
3p leikið leikið leikuð leikask

leið(a)

wv. , from ON leiða

  1. to lead, to show the way
  2. to drive (large transportation vehicles)

Declensions:

infinitive
leið
imperative
leið
imperative passive voice
leiðask
present participle
leiðand
past participle
leiðit
person Ind Pres Subj. Pres. Past Pass.
1s leiðar leiðir leiðt leiðumk
2s leiðar leiðir leiðt leiððisk
3s leiðar leiðir leiðt leiððisk
1p leiðum leiðim leiðum leiðumk
2p leiðið leiðið leiðuð leiððisk
3p leiðið leiðið leiðuð leiððisk

legg

sn.m. , from ON leggr

  1. leg (anatomy)
  2. limb
  3. part of a journey or race; a stage or section of a trip
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. leggr legginn leggr legginn
Acc. legg leggin legg leggin
Dat. legg leggin leggum legginum
Gen. leggar leggins leggar leggin

les(a)

sv. , from ON lesa

  1. to read

Declensions:

infinitive
les
imperative
les
imperative passive voice
lesask
present participle
lesand
past participle
lesit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s lesar lesir lest lesumk
2s lesar lesir lest lesask
3s lesar lesir lest lesask
1p lesum lesim lesum lesumk
2p lesið lesið lesuð lesask
3p lesið lesið lesuð lesask

list

wn.f. , from ON list

  1. art, craft
  2. skill
Sg. Pl.
Nom. list listr
Acc. list list
Dat. list listum
Gen. lists lists

list(i)

sn.f. , from ON listi

  1. list
  2. catalogue
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. listr listinn listr listinn
Acc. list listin list listin
Dat. list listin listum listinum
Gen. listir listins listir listin

listsmið

sn.m. , from list and -smið

  1. craftsman, artist

For declensions, see -smið.

lit

sn.m. , from ON litr

  1. colour, hue
  2. shade, tint
  3. dye
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. litr litinn litr litinn
Acc. lit litin lit litin
Dat. lit litin litum litinum
Gen. litar litins litar litin

lit(a)

wv. , from ON lita

  1. to colour
  2. to paint
  3. to dye

Declensions:

infinitive
lit
imperative
lit
imperative passive voice
litask
present participle
litand
past participle
litit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s litar litir litt litumk
2s litar litir litt littisk
3s litar litir litt littisk
1p litum litim litum litumk
2p litið litið lituð littisk
3p litið litið lituð littisk

líf

sn.n. , from ON líf

  1. life
  2. the period during which something is functional or durable
  3. a way or manner of living
  4. the state or fact of being alive
  5. vitality, energy, or spirit

Alternative form: lef

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. líf lífit líf lífitr
Acc. líf lífit líf lífit
Dat. líf lífit lífum lífitum
Gen. lífs lífits lífs lífit
hav líf
  1. to be energetic
  2. to be enthusiastic, positive

lífsván

sn.f. , from líf and ván

  1. raison d’être
  2. life hope
  3. vocation, calling, mission

Alternative form: lefsvén

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. lífsvánn lífsváninn lífsvánn lífsváninn
Acc. lífsván lífsvánin lífsván lífsvánin
Dat. lífsván lífsvánin lífsvánum lífsváninum
Gen. lífsvánn lífsvánins lífsvánn lífsvánin

lík(a)

, from ON líka

  1. (wv) to like
  2. (adv) like, similar to

  3. (adv) also

    ::: tip Example

    Hann talar á Ensk og líka Fransk.

    He speaks English and also French.

    :::
infinitive
lík
imperative
lík
imperative passive voice
lekask
present participle
lekand
past participle
lekit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s líkar líkir líkt líkumk
2s líkar líkir líkt líktisk
3s líkar líkir líkt líktisk
1p líkum líkim líkum líkumk
2p líkið líkið líkuð líktisk
3p líkið líkið líkuð líktisk

lít(a)

sv. , from ON líta

  1. to look at, to behold, to see

Declensions:

infinitive
lít
imperative
lít
imperative passive voice
lítask
present participle
lítand
past participle
lítit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s lítar lítir lítt lítumk
2s lítar lítir lítt lítask
3s lítar lítir lítt lítask
1p lítum lítim lítum lítumk
2p lítuð lítið lítuð lítask
3p lítuð lítið lítuð lítask

The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case.

::: tip Example

Han lítt í húsit sín.

She looked at her house.

han lít-t í hús-it sín
3sf.NOM look-3s.PST.IND at house-DEF oneself.GEN
:::

lok(a)

sv. , from ON loka

  1. to close
  2. to shut, to shut down

Declensions:

infinitive
lok
imperative
lok
imperative passive voice
lokask
present participle
lokand
past participle
lokin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s lokar lokir lokt lokumk
2s lokar lokir lokt lokask
3s lokar lokir lokt lokask
1p lokum lokim lokum lokumk
2p lokið lokið lokuð lokask
3p lokið lokið lokuð lokask

lykil

wn.m. , from ON lykill

  1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
  2. musical key
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. lykil lykilit lykill lykilitr
Acc. lykil lykilit lykil lykilit
Dat. lykil lykilit lykilum lykilitum
Gen. lykils lykilits lykils lykilit

M

mag(i)

wn.m. , from ON magi

  1. stomach (organ)
  2. belly, abdomen

  3. appetite, desire; a strong feeling of hunger or craving for food

    ::: tip Example

    Ek hav mikil mag.

    I have a big appetite.

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. mag magit magr magitr
Acc. mag magit mag magit
Dat. mag magit magum magitum
Gen. mags magits mags magit

man

in.m. , from ON maðr

  1. man
  2. person
  3. husband (colloquial)
  4. interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. maðr maðinn meðr meðinn
Acc. mann mannin menn mennin
Dat. mann mannin mennum menninum
Gen. manns mannins menns mennin

man(u)

iv. , from ON munu

  1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall

    ::: tip Example

    Vér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag

    We will go to the theatre tomorrow

    :::

  2. will, shall, must

    ::: tip Example

    Þú man les að bókan.

    You will/must read the book.

    :::

  3. polite conditional when used in the subjunctive

    ::: tip Example

    Ef hann mynir kom…

    If he comes…

    :::
  4. likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood

Declensions:

infinitive
man
imperative
mun
present participle
munand
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past
1s man mynir mynd
2s man mynir mynd
3s man mynir mynd
1p munum mynim myndum
2p munuð mynið mynduð
3p munuð mynið mynduð

mastergrað(a)

wn.n. , from English Master and Middle Eittlandic graða (see grað(a))

  1. Master's degree

See grað(a) for declensions.

maðr

Nominative of man

mál(a)

wv. , from ON mæla

  1. to measure
  2. to determine a size or a quantity
  3. to estimate

Declensions:

infinitive
mál
imperative
mál
imperative passive voice
málask
present participle
máland
past participle
málin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s málar málir mált málumk
2s málar málir mált málisk
3s málar málir mált málisk
1p málum málim málum málumk
2p málið málið máluð málisk
3p málið málið máluð málisk

málskipan

sn.f. , from ON mæla and OE skipan

  1. language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…)

For its declensions, see skipan.

mán(i)

wn.m. , from ON máni

  1. the moon
  2. a moon
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. mán mánit mánr mánitr
Acc. mán mánit mán mánit
Dat. mán mánit mánum mánitum
Gen. máns mánits máns mánit

Like sól, the definite and plural form of mán are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, Mán tends to more often means the moon. In written Eittlandic, mán generally means a moon, while Mán generally means the (Earth’s) moon.

mánsveg

sn.m. , from mán(i) and veg

  1. sky, with a connotation with space (litteraly moon's way)
  2. stratosphere

For declensions, see veg

Mánsdag

sn.m. from ON mánadagr

  1. Monday, second day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

mat

sn.m. , from ON matr

  1. food; any substance that people or animals eat to live and grow; often used in the context of meals and the enjoyment of eating, especially for humans; typically refers to human food and the act of eating, with a focus on the culinary aspect
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. matr matinn matr matinn
Acc. mat matin mat matin
Dat. mat matin matum matinum
Gen. matar matins matar matin

While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat.

::: tip Example
  • Han lítar í matin She takes a look at the food
  • Han lítar í matinum She takes a look at the different types of food
:::

See also fœð.

metr(o)

wn.n. , from French “métro”

  1. subway, underground
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. metr metrot metror metrotr
Acc. metr metrot metr metrot
Dat. metr metrot metrum metrotum
Gen. metros metrots metros metrot

See also undirland

með

adv.

  1. with
  2. prefix with, co-smth. See

Meðkonung

sn.m. , see með and konung

  1. Co-King

Alternative form: Meðkonong

See Konung for declension.

mikil

adj. , from ON mikill

  1. big, large; having considerable size or extent
  2. great, important; having significant value or influence
  3. much, a lot; a large amount or quantity
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. mikill mikilt
Acc. mikil mikilt
Dat. mikilum mikilum
Gen. mikils mikils
Pl.Nom. mikilar mikil
Acc. mikil mikil
Dat. mikilum mikilum
Gen. mikilar mikill

mið

adj. , from ON miðr

  1. middle (physically and temporaly)
  2. midways
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. miðr miðt
Acc. mið miðt
Dat. miðum miðum
Gen. miðs miðs
Pl.Nom. miðar mið
Acc. mið mið
Dat. miðum miðum
Gen. miðar miðr

mjúk

adj. , from ON mjúkr

  1. soft, gentle, soothing
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. mjúkr mjúkt
Acc. mjúk mjúkt
Dat. mjúkum mjúkum
Gen. mjúks mjúks
Pl.Nom. mjúkar mjúk
Acc. mjúk mjúk
Dat. mjúkum mjúkum
Gen. mjúkar mjúkr

móð

sn.f. , from ON móðir, reanalized as móð + -ir

  1. mother
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. móðr móðinn mœðr mœðinn
Acc. móð móðin mœð mœðin
Dat. móð móðin mœðum mœðinum
Gen. móðir móðins mœðir mœðin

móðirsyst

sn.f. , from móð and syst

  1. aunt; the sister of one’s mother

For declensions, see syst.

See also faðarsyst.

munn

sn.m. , from ON munnr

  1. mouth
  2. opening, entrance; a place where something begins or enters

  3. speech, utterance; the act of speaking or expressing thoughts

    ::: tip Example

    Hann opnt munn henn ok talt.

    He opened his mouth and spoke.

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. munn munninn munn munninn
Acc. munn munnin munn munnin
Dat. munn munnin munnum munninum
Gen. munnar munnins munnar munnin

mynd

sn.f.

  1. image, picture
  2. video
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. myndr myndinn myndr myndinn
Acc. mynd myndin mynd myndin
Dat. mynd myndin myndum myndinum
Gen. myndar myndins myndar myndin

myrgun

in.m. in some dialects, from ON myrgunn

  1. morning, aurora

In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then.

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. myrgunn myrninn myrnar myrnann
Acc. myrgun myrnin myrn myrnan
Dat. myrn myrnin myrnum myrnanum
Gen. myrnar myrnins myrnar myrnan

mœð

See móð

N

nakt

adj.

  1. naked
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. naktr naktt
Acc. nakt naktt
Dat. naktum naktum
Gen. nakts nakts
Pl.Nom. naktar nakt
Acc. nakt nakt
Dat. naktum naktum
Gen. naktar naktr

ná

adv. , from ON ná

  1. now

    ::: tip Example

    Ná kømar ek frá universitetit.

    I come from the university now.

    :::

  2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences

    ::: tip Example

    Ek kømar frá universitetit ná!

    • I come from the university (you know)

    or

    • (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
    :::

  3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb

    ::: tip Example

    Ek kømar ná frá universitetit.

    I’m coming from the university.

    :::

Alternative form: né

adj. from ON nær

  1. near
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. nár nát
Acc. ná nát
Dat. námum námum
Gen. nás nás
Pl.Nom. nárar ná
Acc. ná ná
Dat. námum námum
Gen. nárar nár

nágrann(i)

wn.m. , from ná and grann(i)

  1. immediate neighbour, next door or next house over

See also bú

nákkur

indef.pron. , from EON nǫkkur

  1. anyone, any

  2. some, someone

    ::: tip Example
    • Nákkurr kœmt í dag Someone came yesterday
    :::

See Indefinite pronouns (grammar) for more information on this indefinite pronoun.

nakk-indef-pronoun-declension
/ <r>
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Sg.Nom. nákkurr nákkur nákkut
Acc. nákkur nákkur nákkut
Dat. nákkurum nákkurr nákkur
Gen. nákkurs nákkurrar nákkurs
Pl.Nom nákkurar nákkurar nákkur
Acc. nákkur nákkur nákkur
Dat. nákkurum nákkurum nákkurum
Gen. nákkurs nákkurs nákkurs

náng

interj. , propably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. negative counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

See also áng.

Alternative form: néng

nef

sn.f. , from ON nef

  1. nose, beak; the protuding part of the face that bears the nostrils
  2. sense of smell; the ability to perceive odors
  3. front, prow; the forward-most part of an object, especially of a ship
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. nefr nefinn nefr nefinn
Acc. nef nefin nef nefin
Dat. nef nefin nefum nefinum
Gen. nefar nefins nefar nefin

nei

, from ON nei

  1. (adv.) no
  2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret

nem

, from ON nema, see also en

  • conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual)
  • adv. expect, save, but

  • wn.n. studies, from nem(a)

    1. the act or process of learning or acquiring knowledge, especially through systematic investigation or instruction
    2. a particular field or subject of academic study
    3. a collection of academic research or investigations
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. nem nemat nemm nematr
Acc. nem nemat nem nemat
Dat. nem nemat nemum nematum
Gen. nems nemats nems nemat
Declensions of nem as a noun

nem(a)

sv. , from ON nema

  1. to study, to apply oneself to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, inverstigation, or practice.
  2. to examine or investigate something closely
  3. to memorize or learn something by heart
  4. to be engaged in academic pursuits

Declensions:

infinitive
nem
imperative
nem
imperative passive voice
nemask
present participle
nemand
past participle
nemit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s nemar nemir nemt nemumk
2s nemar nemir nemt nemsk
3s nemar nemir nemt nemask
1p nemum nemim nemum nemumk
2p nemið nemið nemuð nemask
3p nemið nemið nemuð nemask

nipt

sn.f. , from ON nipt

  1. niece; the daughter of one’s sibling
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. niptr niptinn niptr niptinn
Acc. nipt niptin nipt niptin
Dat. nipt niptin niptum niptinum
Gen. niptar niptins niptar niptin

norvegsúlf

sn.m. , from ON Noregs (genitive of ON Noregr) and ON úlfr

  1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.

Alternative form: norvejsólv

Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler úlfr term. Noun composed by Old Norse noregs (genitive of Noregr, Norway) and úlfr.

For declensions, see úlf.

not(a)

wv. , from ON nota

  1. to use; to employ something for a purpose
  2. to utilize; to make practical use of something
  3. to consue; to expend something by using it

Declensions:

infinitive
not
imperative
not
imperative passive voice
notask
present participle
notand
past participle
notit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s notar notir nott notumk
2s notar notir nott nottisk
3s notar notir nott nottisk
1p notum notim notum notumk
2p notið notið notuð nottisk
3p notið notið notuð nottisk

ný

adj. , from ON nýr

  1. new
  2. recent, new
  3. fresh
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. nýr nýt
Acc. ný nýt
Dat. nývum nývum
Gen. nýs nýs
Pl.Nom. nývar ný
Acc. ný ný
Dat. nývum nývum
Gen. nývar nýr

O

ok

conj. , from ON ok

  1. and

opin

adj. , from ON opinn

  1. open
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. opinr opint
Acc. opin opint
Dat. opinum opinum
Gen. opins opins
Pl.Nom. opinar opin
Acc. opin opin
Dat. opinum opinum
Gen. opinar opinr

opn(a)

sv. , from ON opna

  1. to open

Declensions:

infinitive
opn
imperative
opn
imperative passive voice
opnask
present participle
opnand
past participle
opnit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s opnar opnir opnt opnumk
2s opnar opnir opnt opnsk
3s opnar opnir opnt opnask
1p opnum opnim opnum opnumk
2p opnið opnið opnuð opnask
3p opnið opnið opnuð opnask

opt

adv. , from ON opt

  1. often

Alternative form: oft

orð

sn.n.

  1. word, utterance
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. orð orðit orð orðitr
Acc. orð orðit orð orðit
Dat. orð orðit orðum orðitum
Gen. orðs orðits orðs orðit

orðtak

wn.n. , from orðtak(a)

  1. a quote
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. orðtak orðtakit orðtakr orðtakitr
Acc. orðtak orðtakit orðtak orðtakit
Dat. orðtak orðtakit orðtakum orðtakitum
Gen. orðtaks orðtakits orðtaks orðtakit

orðtak(a)

sv. , from orð and tak(a)

  1. to quote

Declensions:

infinitive
orðtak
imperative
orðtak
imperative passive voice
orðtakask
present participle
orðtakand
past participle
orðtakit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s orðtakar orðtakir orðtakt orðtakumk
2s orðtakar orðtakir orðtakt orðtaksk
3s orðtakar orðtakir orðtakt orðtakisk
1p orðtakum orðtakim orðtakum orðtakumk
2p orðtakið orðtakið orðtakuð orðtakisk
3p orðtakið orðtakið orðtakuð orðtakisk

Ó

ó-

prefix

Equivalent of English un…, not smth

::: tip Example

ótraust

unsafe

:::

ótraust

adj.

  1. unsafe, not trustworthy
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. ótraustr ótraustt
Acc. ótraust ótraustt
Dat. ótraustum ótraustum
Gen. ótrausts ótrausts
Pl.Nom. ótraustar ótraust
Acc. ótraust ótraust
Dat. ótraustum ótraustum
Gen. ótraustar ótraustr

Óðin

pn. , from ON Óðinn

  1. Odin
Sg.
Nom. Óðinn
Acc. Óðin
Dat. Óðin
Gen. Óðins

Óðinsdag

sn.m. , from ON óðinsdagr

  1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

óglað

adj. , from ON óglaðr

  1. very sad, depressed, miserable

Alternative form: ógjœð

Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. óglaðr óglaðt
Acc. óglað óglaðt
Dat. óglaðum óglaðum
Gen. óglaðs óglaðs
Pl.Nom. óglaðar óglað
Acc. óglað óglað
Dat. óglaðum óglaðum
Gen. óglaðar óglaðr

óss

sn.m. , from ON óss

  1. river mouth
  2. fjord mouth
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. óssr óssinn óssr óssinn
Acc. óss óssin óss óssin
Dat. óss óssin óssum óssinum
Gen. óssar óssinan óssar óssin

óvin

sn.m. , from ó- and vin

  1. enemy

For declensions, see vin

P

panig

sn.f. , likely from Tunrit. Compare to Greenlandic panik

  1. daughter, term of endearment

See also dótt(u)

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. panikr paniginn panikr paniginn
Acc. panig panigin panig panigin
Dat. panig panigin panigum paniginum
Gen. panigar panigins panigar panigin

park

wn.n. , from French parc

  1. parc
  2. natural reserve
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. park parkit parkr parkitr
Acc. park parkit park parkit
Dat. park parkit parkum parkitum
Gen. parks parkits parks parkit

pengvin

wn.n. , from French pingouin through Danish pingvin

  1. penguin

Alternative form: pengven

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. pengvin pengvinit pengvinn pengvinitr
Acc. pengvin pengvinit pengvin pengvinit
Dat. pengvin pengvinit pengvinum pengvinitum
Gen. pengvins pengvinits pengvins pengvinit

pos(i)

wn.n. , probably a Tunrit borrowing

  1. posi, Eittlandic seal

Alternative form: pos(e)

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. pos posit posr positr
Acc. pos posit pos posit
Dat. pos posit posum positum
Gen. poss posits poss posit

R

ras

sn.m. , from ON rass

  1. buttocks, arse, ass
  2. rear end, backside

  3. (derogatory) ass; used to refer to someone in a derogatory or insulting manner

    ::: tip Example

    Hann er ras.

    He’s an ass.

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. rass rasinn rass rasinn
Acc. ras rasin ras rasin
Dat. ras rasin rasum rasinum
Gen. rasar rasins rasar rasin

rauð

adj. , from ON rauðr

  1. red
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. rauðr rauðt
Acc. rauð rauðt
Dat. rauðum rauðum
Gen. rauðs rauðs
Pl.Nom. rauðar rauð
Acc. rauð rauð
Dat. rauðum rauðum
Gen. rauðar rauðr

ráð

sn.n.

  1. advice, counsel
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ráð ráðit ráð ráðitr
Acc. ráð ráðit ráð ráðit
Dat. ráð ráðit ráðum ráðitum
Gen. ráðs ráðits ráðs ráðit

ráðspell

sn.n. , from ráð and spell

  1. debate

See spell for declension.

ráðuneyt(i)

wn.m. , from OI ráðuneyti

  1. Ministry
  2. department

Alternative form: réðoneyt

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ráðuneyt ráðuneytit ráðuneytr ráðuneytitr
Acc. ráðuneyt ráðuneytit ráðuneyt ráðuneytit
Dat. ráðuneyt ráðuneytit ráðuneytum ráðuneytitum
Gen. ráðuneyts ráðuneytits ráðuneyts ráðuneytit

regn

sn.n. , from ON regn

  1. rain; water falling from the sky in drops, typically in liquid form and in warmer temperatures
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. regn regnit regn regnitr
Acc. regn regnit regn regnit
Dat. regn regnit regnum regnitum
Gen. regns regnits regns regnit

regn(a)

wv. , from ON regn

  1. to rain; for water to fall from the sky in drops

Declensions:

infinitive
regn
imperative
regn
imperative passive voice
regnask
present participle
regnand
past participle
regnit

Declensions:

infinitive
regn
imperative
regn
imperative passive voice
regnask
present participle
regnand
past participle
regnit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s regnar regnir regnat regnumk
2s regnar regnir regnat regnaðisk
3s regnar regnir regnat regnaðisk
1p regnum regnim regnum regnumk
2p regnið regnið regnuð regnaðisk
3p regnið regnið regnuð regnaðisk

rekkja (noun)

wn.f. , from ON rekkja

  1. nap, siesta
  2. makeshift bed, napping bed
  3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed

It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers' workplaces.

This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas.

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. rekkja rekkjat rekkjar rekkjatn
Acc. rekkja rekkjat rekkja rekkjat
Dat. rekkja rekkjat rekkjum rekkjatum
Gen. rekkjas rekkjats rekkjas rekkjat

rekkja (verb)

wv. , from ON

  1. to nap in a bed

Declensions:

infinitive
rekkja
imperative
rekkja
imperative passive voice
rekkjask
present participle
rekkjand
past participle
rekkjit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s rekkjar rekkjir rekkjat rekkjumk
2s rekkjar rekkjir rekkjat rekkjaðisk
3s rekkjar rekkjir rekkjat rekkjaðisk
1p rekkjum rekkjim rekkjum rekkjumk
2p rekkjið rekkjið rekkjuð rekkjaðisk
3p rekkjið rekkjið rekkjuð rekkjaðisk

rekkláð

wn.n. , from rekkja and kláð(i)

  1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes”
Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. rekkláðr rekkláðitr
Acc. rekkláð rekkláðit
Dat. rekkláðum rekkláðitum
Gen. rekkláðs rekkláðit

rít(a)

sv. , from ON ríta

  1. to write

Declensions:

infinitive
rít
imperative
rít
imperative passive voice
rítask
present participle
rítand
past participle
rítit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s rítar rítir rítt rítumk
2s rítar rítir rítt rítsk
3s rítar rítir rítt rítask
1p rítum rítim rítum rítumk
2p rítið rítið rítuð rítask
3p rítið rítið rítuð rítask

rúm

sn.n.

  1. room
  2. channel (as in an online app)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. rúm rúmit rúm rúmitr
Acc. rúm rúmit rúm rúmit
Dat. rúm rúmit rúmum rúmitum
Gen. rúms rúmits rúms rúmit

rúmvin

sn.m. , from rúm and vin

  1. roommate

For declensions, see vin

S

-smið

suffix

  1. -work

Forms strong masculine nouns

sag(a)

wn.f. , from ON saga

  1. story, tale, legend
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sag sagat sagar sagatr
Acc. sag sagat sag sagat
Dat. sag sagat sagum sagatum
Gen. sags sagats sags sagats

sagj(a)

sv. , from ON sagja

  1. to say, to tell
  2. to proclaim, to declare

Declensions:

infinitive
sagja
imperative
sagja
imperative passive voice
sagjask
present participle
sagjand
past participle
sagjat
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s sagjar sagjir sagjat sagjumk
2s sagjar sagjir sagjat sagjask
3s sagjar sagjir sagjat sagjask
1p sagjum sagjim sagjum sagjumk
2p sagjið sagjið sagjuð sagjask
3p sagjið sagjið sagjuð sagjask

sam

adj. , from ON samr

  1. same; identical, unchanged, or equal
  2. similar; having a likeness or resemblance
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. samr samt
Acc. sam samt
Dat. samum samum
Gen. sams sams
Pl.Nom. samar sam
Acc. sam sam
Dat. samum samum
Gen. samar samr

samrekkja

wv. , from rekkja

  1. sleep with someone
  2. to have sex with someone (euphemism)

See rekkja for conjugaison.

sand

sn.m. , from ON sandr

  1. sand
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sandr sandinn sandr sandinn
Acc. sand sandin sand sandin
Dat. sand sandin sandum sandinum
Gen. sandar sandins sandar sandin

sann

adj. , from ON sannr

  1. true
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. sann satt
Acc. sann satt
Dat. sannum sannum
Gen. sanns sanns
Pl.Nom. sannar sann
Acc. sann sann
Dat. sannum sannum
Gen. sannar sannr

sauð

sn.m. , from ON sauðr

  1. sheep
  2. a crowd or flock; a large gathering of people, often moving or behaving in a similar manner

  3. a source of comfort or warmth, something that provides comfort, warmth, or a sense of security; a soothing or comforting presence

    ::: tip Example

    Han es sauðin í lífit mínt

    She is the sheep in my life; she is a source of comfort and warmth

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sauðr sauðinn sauðr sauðinn
Acc. sauð sauðin sauð sauðin
Dat. sauð sauðin sauðum sauðinum
Gen. sauðar sauðins sauðar sauðin

sá

  1. pron. that See also þess(i)
  2. conj. and adv.: Regional variant of svá, used mainly in the Ðeberget bay.
/ <r>
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. sá þat
Acc. sann þat
Dat. þeim þí
Gen. þess þess
Pl.Nom. þeir þau
Acc. þá þau
Dat. þeim þeim
Gen. þeir þeir
sa-pronoun-declension

sáing

sn.f. , from ON sæing

  1. bed

Alternative form: séing

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sáingr sáinginn sáingr sáinginn
Acc. sáing sáingin sáing sáingin
Dat. sáing sáingin sáingum sáinginum
Gen. sáingar sáingins sáingar sáingin

sáingkláð

wn.n. , from sáing and kláð

  1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes”

Alternative form: séingkléð

See kláð for declensions.

sem

, from ON sem

  1. pron. who, which, that (relative pronoun)

    ::: tip Example
    • Maðinn sem talar er bróðin mín. The man who is speaking is my brother.
    :::

  2. conj.

    1. (comparative) how, as, like, in the way that

      Used as a conjunction to introduce a comparative clause

      ::: tip Example
      • Hann svart sem hann vilir. He replied the way he wanted.
      • Ek er eig svá hár sem þú. I am not as tall as you.
      :::

    2. (temporal) when, while

      When used as a conjunction, can introduce a temporal clause

      ::: tip Example

      Sem ek vas lesand, ek sovnt.

      While I was reading, I fell asleep.

      :::

    3. (causal) since, because

      Introduces a causal clause

      ::: tip Example

      Sem ek vas sjúkr, kœmt ek eig.

      Since I was sick, I didn’t come.

      :::

sitj(a)

iv. , from ON sitja

  1. to sit
  2. to represent (politics)

Declensions:

infinitive
sit
imperative
sit
imperative passive voice
sitask
present participle
sitjand
past participle
sitit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s sitjar sitir sat sitjumk
2s sitjar sitir sat sitjask
3s sitjar sitir sat sitjask
1p sitjum sitim setum sitjumk
2p sitið sitið setuð sitjask
3p sitið sitið setuð sitjask

síð(a)

wf.n. , from ON síða

  1. side (of something)
  2. side, direction
  3. site, location (often figurative)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. síð síðat síðr síðatr
Acc. síð síðat síð síðat
Dat. síð síðat síðum síðatum
Gen. síðs síðats síðs síðat

síðan

adv. , from ON

  1. after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority

sjá

sn.m. , from ON sær

  1. sea; a large body of salt water that covers a significant part of the Earth’s surface
  2. ocean; one of the five large bodies of water that cover the Earth
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sjár sjánn sjár sjánn
Acc. sjá sján sjá sján
Dat. sjá sján sjám sjánum
Gen. sjár sjáns sjáar sján

sjá

iv. , from ON sjá

  1. to see
  2. to understand

Alternative form: sjé

Declensions:

infinitive
sjá
imperative
sjá
imperative passive voice
sjásk
present participle
sjánd
past participle
sját
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s sér sjár sját sjúmk
2s sér sjár sját sjásk
3s sér sjár sját sjásk
1p sjam sjám sjátum sjúmk
2p sjéð sjáð sjátuð sjásk
3p sjáð sjáð sjátuð sjásk

sjón

sn.f. , from ON sjón

  1. vision, sighting
  2. spectacle
  3. movie
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sjónn sjóninn sjónn sjóninn
Acc. sjón sjónin sjón sjón
Dat. sjón sjónin sjónum sjóninum
Gen. sjónar sjónins sjónar sjón

sjónvarp

sn.n. , from sjón and varp

  1. movie projection

For declensions, see varp

sjónvarphús

sn.n. , from sjónvarp and hús

  1. cinema, theatre

For declensions, see hús.

sjúk

adj. , from ON sjúkr

  1. sick, ill, unwell
  2. weak, frail
  3. nauseous
  4. disgusted, repulsed (by something)
  5. mentally unwell
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. sjúkr sjúkt
Acc. sjúk sjúkt
Dat. sjúkum sjúkum
Gen. sjúks sjúks
Pl.Nom. sjúkar sjúk
Acc. sjúk sjúk
Dat. sjúkum sjúkum
Gen. sjúkar sjúkr

skal(a)

iv. , from ON skulu

  1. should, might
  2. irrealis or dubitative modal verb
  3. neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood

Declensions:

infinitive
skal
imperative
skal
present participle
skaland
past participle
skalit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past
1s skal skylir skyldr
2s skalt skylir skyldr
3s skal skylir skyldr
1p skulum skylim skyldum
2p skaluð skylið skylduð
3p skaluð skylið skylduð

skilj(a)

sv. , from ON skilja

  1. to differenciate
  2. to segregate, to separate
  3. to understand a difference

Alternative form: skij

Declensions:

infinitive
skilja
imperative
skilja
imperative passive voice
skiljask
present participle
skiljand
past participle
skit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s skiljar skilir skiljat skiljumk
2s skiljar skilir skiljat skiljask
3s skiljar skilir skiljat skiljask
1p skiljum skilim skiljum skiljumk
2p skilið skilið skiljuð skiljask
3p skilið skilið skiljuð skiljask

skipan

sn.f. , from ON skipan

  1. arrangement, order, organisation (of things)
  2. item box, for organising belongings
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. skipanr skipaninn skipann skipaninn
Acc. skipan skipanin skipan skipanin
Dat. skipan skipanin skipanum skipaninum
Gen. skipanar skipanins skipanar skipanin

skipt(a)

sv. , from ON skipta

  1. to change, to make something different or alter its state
  2. to switch, to toggle, to move from one state or position to another, especially in the context of mechanical or electronic devices
  3. to exchange, to give something and receive something else in return
  4. to shift, to move or transfer something from one place or position to another
  5. to alter, modify, to make adjustments or modifications to something
  6. to replace, to put something new in the place of something old or existing

Declensions:

infinitive
skipt
imperative
skipt
imperative passive voice
skiptask
present participle
skiptand
past participle
skiptit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s skiptar skiptir skipt skiptumk
2s skiptar skiptir skipt skiptisk
3s skiptar skiptir skipt skiptisk
1p skiptum skiptim skiptum skiptumk
2p skiptið skiptið skiptuð skiptisk
3p skiptið skiptið skiptuð skiptisk

skín

wn.n. , from skín(a)

  1. shine, shimmer
  2. brightness
  3. radiance
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. skín skínit skínn skínitr
Acc. skín skínit skín skínit
Dat. skín skínit skínum skínitum
Gen. skíns skínits skíns skínit

skín(a)

sv. , from ON skína

  1. to shine
  2. to be bright (emitting light)

Declensions:

infinitive
skín
imperative
skín
imperative passive voice
skínask
present participle
skínand
past participle
skínin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s skínar skínir skínt skínumk
2s skínar skínir skínt skínask
3s skínar skínir skínt skínask
1p skínum skínim skínum skínumk
2p skínið skínið skínuð skínask
3p skínið skínið skínuð skínask

skít

sn.n.

  1. vulgar excrement, shit
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. skít skítit skít skítitr
Acc. skít skítit skít skítit
Dat. skít skítit skítum skítitum
Gen. skíts skítits skíts skítit

skítráð

sn.n. , from skít and ráð, calque of English shitpost

  1. shitpost, meme

For declensions, see ráð.

skóg

sn.m. , from ON skógr

  1. forest, woods, a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth
  2. an intricate, densely connected system or network, reminiscent of the structure of a forest
  3. the Internet (colloquial, definite only)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. skógr skóginn skógr skóginn
Acc. skóg skógin skóg skógin
Dat. skóg skógin skógum skóginum
Gen. skógar skógins skógar skógin

smár

adj. , from ON smár

  1. small, little
  2. narrow
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. smárr smárt
Acc. smár smárt
Dat. smárum smárum
Gen. smárs smárs
Pl.Nom. smárar smár
Acc. smár smár
Dat. smárum smárum
Gen. smárar smárr

smársov

wn.n. , from smár and sov(a)

  1. a nap (in a proper bed)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. smársov smársovit smársovr smársovitr
Acc. smársov smársovit smársov smársovit
Dat. smársov smársovit smársovum smársovitum
Gen. smársovs smársovits smársovs smársovit

smársov(a)

iv. , from smár and sov(a)

  1. to nap (in a proper bed)

See sov(a) for conjugaison.

snár

sn.m. , from ON snjór

  1. snow
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. snárr snárinn snárr snárinn
Acc. snár snárin snár snárin
Dat. snár snárin snárum snárinum
Gen. snárar snárins snárar snárin

son

sn.m. , from ON sonr

  1. son
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sonn soninn sonn soninn
Acc. son sonin son sonin
Dat. son sonin sonum soninum
Gen. sonar sonins sonar sonin

sorg

sn.f. , from ON sorg

  1. sorrow; a feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other mistfortune
  2. grief; intense emotional suffering caused by the loss of a loved one
  3. regret; a feeling of sadness, repentance, or disappointment over something that has happened or been done
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sorgr sorginn sorgr sorginn
Acc. sorg sorgin sorg sorgin
Dat. sorg sorgin sorgum sorginum
Gen. sorgar sorgins sorgar sorgin

sov

wn.n. , from sov(a)

  1. a sleep, a long rest (in a bed)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sov sovit sovr sovitr
Acc. sov sovit sov sovit
Dat. sov sovit sovum sovitum
Gen. sovs sovits sovs sovit

sov(a)

iv. , from ON sofa

  1. to sleep

Declensions:

infinitive
sov
imperative
sov
imperative passive voice
sovask
present participle
sovand
past participle
sovin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s søv sovir soft sovumk
2s søvar sovir soft sovdask
3s søvar sovir soft sovdask
1p sovum sovim sávum sovumk
2p sovið sovið sávuð sovdask
3p sovið sovið sávuð sovdask

sovn(a)

wv. , from ON sofna

  1. to fall asleep

Declensions:

infinitive
sovn
imperative
sovn
imperative passive voice
sovnask
present participle
sovnand
past participle
sovnit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s sovnar sovnir sovnt sovnumk
2s sovnar sovnir sovnt sovndisk
3s sovnar sovnir sovnt sovndisk
1p sovnum sovnim sovnum sovnumk
2p sovnið sovnið sovnuð sovndisk
3p sovnið sovnið sovnuð sovndisk

sól

sn.f. , from ON sól

  1. the Sun
  2. a sun, a star (astronomical sense)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sól sólinn sóll sólinn
Acc. sól sólin sól sólin
Dat. sól sólin sólum sólinum
Gen. sólar sólins sólar sólin

See mán(i) for notes regarding the use of the different cases of this word.

sólskin

, from ON sólskin

  1. wn.n. sunshine
  2. adj. sunny
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sólskin sólskinit sólskin sólskinitr
Acc. sólskin sólskinit sólskin sólskinit
Dat. sólskin sólskinit sólskinum sólskinitum
Gen. sólskins sólskinits sólskins sólskinit
solskin-noun-declension
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. sólskinn sólskint
Acc. sólskin sólskint
Dat. sólskinum sólskinum
Gen. sólskins sólskins
Pl.Nom. sólskinar sólskin
Acc. sólskin sólskin
Dat. sólskinum sólskinum
Gen. sólskinar sólskinn
solskin-adj-declension

sólskin(a)

sv. , from sólskin

  1. to be sunny
  2. to be a nice day

Declensions:

infinitive
sólskin
present participle
sólskinand
past participle
sólskinin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
3s sólskinar sólskinir sólskint sólskinask
3p sólskinið sólskinið sólskinuð sólskinask

This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl

spell

sn.n.

  1. speech, saying
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. spell spellit spell spellitr
Acc. spell spellit spell spellit
Dat. spell spellit spellum spellitum
Gen. spells spellits spells spellit

stand(a)

sv. , from ON standa

  1. to stand, to be in an upright position, supported by the feet.

    ::: tip Example

    Ek standar hér.

    I stand here.

    :::
  2. to remain in a particular position or state
  3. to endure or withstand something

  4. to be situated or located

    ::: tip Example

    Húsit standar á háðin

    The house is/stands on the hill

    :::
  5. to take a position or stance on an issue

Declensions:

infinitive
stand
imperative
stand
imperative passive voice
standask
present participle
standand
past participle
standit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s standar standir standt standumk
2s standar standir standt standsk
3s standar standir standt standisk
1p standum standim standum standumk
2p standið standið standuð standisk
3p standið standið standuð standisk

stein

sn.m. , from ON steinn

  1. stone, a small piece of rock

  2. (metaphor) some thing or someone that is firm, resolute, or reliable; a solid base or support

    ::: tip Example

    Hann es steinn í vindin.

    He is a rock in the wind, i.e. he is steadfast, reliable

    :::

  3. something that impedes progress or makes a task more difficult

    ::: tip Example
    • Svá er stein í vegin mín That’s a stone in my path, i.e. it is an obstacle in my progress
    :::

sterk

adj. , from ON sterkr

  1. strong, powerful; having great physical power or strength
  2. firm, steady; not easily moved or changed
  3. intense,severe; having great force or degree
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. sterkr sterkt
Acc. sterk sterkt
Dat. sterkum sterkum
Gen. sterks sterks
Pl.Nom. sterkar sterk
Acc. sterk sterk
Dat. sterkum sterkum
Gen. sterkar sterkr

stern(a)

wn.f. , from EON sterna

  1. star
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. stern sternat sternn sternatr
Acc. stern sternat stern sternat
Dat. stern sternat sternum sternatum
Gen. sterns sternats sterns sternat

stóð

sn.n. , from ON standa

  1. support, pillar; a structure that holds something up

    ::: tip Example

    Húsit standar á sterkum stóðum.

    The house stands on strong pillars.

    :::
  2. foundation, base; the lowest part of a structure
  3. backing, assistance; help given to someone or something
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. stóð stóðit stóð stóðitr
Acc. stóð stóðit stóð stóðit
Dat. stóð stóðit stóðum stóðitum
Gen. stóðs stóðits stóðs stóðit

stóð(a)

sv. , from ON standa

  1. to support, to hold up; to bear the weight of something
  2. to back, to assist; to give help or encouragement to someone
  3. to stand, to be positioned; to be in an upright position

Declensions:

infinitive
stóð
imperative
stóð
imperative passive voice
stóðask
present participle
stóðand
past participle
stóðit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s stóðar stóðir stóðt stóðumk
2s stóðar stóðir stóðt stóðsk
3s stóðar stóðir stóðt stóðask
1p stóðum stóðim stóðum stóðumk
2p stóðið stóðið stóðuð stóðask
3p stóðið stóðið stóðuð stóðask

styrsamhald(i)

sn.n. , from ON styrr (stir, battle) and samhaldi (a holding together, unity).

  1. military batallion
  2. mitilary unit, group
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. styrsamhald styrsamhaldit styrsamhald styrsamhalditr
Acc. styrsamhald styrsamhaldit styrsamhald styrsamhaldit
Dat. styrsamhald styrsamhaldit styrsamhaldum styrsamhalditum
Gen. styrsamhalds styrsamhaldits styrsamhalds styrsamhaldit

sunn(a)

wn.f. , from ON sunna

  1. the sun (general usage)
  2. a sun (modern)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. sunn sunit sunn sunitr
Acc. sun sunit sun sunit
Dat. sun sunit sunum sunitum
Gen. suns sunits suns sunit

The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, Sunn is the sun, while sunn is a sun.

Sunsdag

sn.m. , from ON sunnudagr

  1. Sunday, first day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

svar(a)

wv. , from ON svara

  1. to reply, to answer

Declensions:

infinitive
svar
imperative
svar
imperative passive voice
svarask
present participle
svarand
past participle
svarit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s svarar svarir svart svarumk
2s svarar svarir svart svarðisk
3s svarar svarir svart svarðisk
1p svarum svarim svarum svarumk
2p svarið svarið svaruð svarðisk
3p svarið svarið svaruð svarðisk

svart

adj. , from ON svartr

  1. black
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. svartr svartt
Acc. svart svartt
Dat. svartum svartum
Gen. svarts svarts
Pl.Nom. svartar svart
Acc. svart svart
Dat. svartum svartum
Gen. svartar svartr

svá

, from ON svá, see also þá

  1. conj. thus, therefore, then, consequently Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit than with þá. Ef is only followed by svá, never þá.

  2. adv. so, thus, thusly, this way

    ::: tip Example
    • Ek ger þett svá. I do it this way
    • Han talt svá mjúklig She spoke so softly
    :::

svín

sn.n. , from ON svín

  1. a pig
  2. someone who is excessively greedy, gluttonous, or self-indulgent; a person who consumes or desires more than they need
  3. someone or something that is dirty, messy, or unkempt; a person or place characterised by disorder or filth
  4. someone who is very stubborn, obstinate, or difficult to persuade; a person who refuses to change their mind or behaviour
  5. a representation of indulgence, excess, or overabundance; a symbol of enjoying something to an extreme degree
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. svín svínit svín svínitr
Acc. svín svínit svín svínit
Dat. svín svínit svínum svínitum
Gen. svíns svínits svíns svínit

syst

sn.f. , from ON systir

  1. sister
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. systr systinn systr systinn
Acc. syst systin syst systin
Dat. syst systin systum systinum
Gen. systir systins systir systin

systirdótt(u)

sn.f. , from syst and dótt(u)

  1. niece; the daughter of one’s sister

For decliensions, see dótt(u)

systirson

sn.m. , from syst and son

  1. nephew; the son of one’s sister

For declensions, see son

T

tak(a)

sv.

  1. to take, to seize
  2. to capture (figuratively)

Declensions:

infinitive
tak
imperative
tak
imperative passive voice
takask
present participle
takand
past participle
takit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s takar takir takt takumk
2s takar takir takt taksk
3s takar takir takt takask
1p takum takim takum takumk
2p takið takið takuð takask
3p takið takið takuð takask

tal(a)

Noun

wn.f. , from ON tala

  1. number
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. tal talat tall talatr
Acc. tal talat tal talat
Dat. tal talat talum talatum
Gen. tals talats tals talat
Verb

wv. , from ON tala

  1. to talk, to speak

    With prepositions:

    tal til
    to talk to someone
    tal um
    to talk about
    tal eftir
    to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words
    tal á málskipan
    to speak a language

Declensions:

infinitive
tal
imperative
tal
imperative passive voice
talask
present participle
taland
past participle
talin
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s talar talir talt talumk
2s talar talir talt talðisk
3s talar talir talt talðisk
1p talum talim talum talumk
2p talið talið taluð talðisk
3p talið talið taluð talðisk

tarr(a)

sv.

  1. to spread out

Declensions:

infinitive
tarr
imperative
tarr
imperative passive voice
tarrask
present participle
tarrand
past participle
tarrit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s tarrar tarrir tarrt tarrumk
2s tarrar tarrir tarrt tarrsk
3s tarrar tarrir tarrt tarrisk
1p tarrum tarrim tarrum tarrumk
2p tarrið tarrið tarruð tarrisk
3p tarrið tarrið tarruð tarrisk

tán

sn.f. , from EON tǫnn

  1. tooth
  2. cog, gear; a tooth on a wheel or gear used to transmit motion
  3. tine, prong; a pointed projecion on an implement or tool
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. tánn táninn tánn táninn
Acc. tán tánin tán tánin
Dat. tán tánin tánum táninum
Gen. tánar tánins tánar tánin

til

prep. , from ON til

  1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively)
til ná
  1. adv. still

Tíbet

wn.n. , borrowed from Danish Tibet

  1. Tibet
Sg.
Nom. Tíbet
Acc. Tíbet
Dat. Tíbet
Gen. Tíbets

ton

wn.m. , from Middle Low German ton

  1. tune, tone
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. ton tonit tonn tonitr
Acc. ton tonit ton tonit
Dat. ton tonit tonum tonitum
Gen. tons tonits tons tonit

tonlist

wn.f. , from ton and list

  1. music

See list for declensions.

traust

adj.

  1. trusty, trustworthy, safe
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. traustr traustt
Acc. traust traustt
Dat. traustum traustum
Gen. trausts trausts
Pl.Nom. traustar traust
Acc. traust traust
Dat. traustum traustum
Gen. traustar traustr

tren

wn.n. , from English train

  1. train
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. tren trenit trenn trenitr
Acc. tren trenit tren trenit
Dat. tren trenit trenum trenitum
Gen. trens trenits trens trenit

tung(a)

wn.f.

  1. tongue (body part)
  2. language

  3. speech, utterance

    ::: tip Exampde

    Han nott tung tungat henn vel.

    She used her speech well.

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. tung tungat tungr tungatr
Acc. tung tungat tung tungat
Dat. tung tungat tungum tungatum
Gen. tungs tungats tungs tungat

týr

in.m. , from ON týr

  1. god, divinity
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. týr týrin tívar týrinn
Acc. tý týrin tív týrin
Dat. tív týrin tívum týrinum
Gen. týs týsins tív týsin

Týr

pn. , from ON Týr

  1. the god Týr
Sg.
Nom. Týr
Acc. Tý
Dat. Tív
Gen. Týs

Týsdag

sn.m. , from ON týsdagr

  1. Tuesday, third day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

Þ

þá

conj. , from ON þá

  1. then, temporal continuity or implied consequence
  2. plural accusative form of sá
::: tip Example

Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin

He came home, then closed and locked the door

:::

þegar

, from ON þegar

  1. adv. already, at once
  2. conj. when

þess(i)

pron. , from ON þessi

  1. this

See also sá

Þór

pn.m. , from ON Þórr

  1. Thor
Sg.
Nom. Þórr
Acc. Þór
Dat. Þór
Gen. Þórs

Þórsdag

sn.m. , from ON þórsdagr

  1. Thursday, fifth day of the week

For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.

því

adv. , from ON því

  1. because

U

um

prep. , from ON um

  1. around
  2. about
  3. concerning (something)
::: tip Example

Hann es mannin um talt ek þér

He's the guy I spoke to you about

han-n es mann-in um tal-t ek þér
3sm-NOM to.be.3sg.PRES 1s.NOM about 2s.DAT speak-1s.PST about
:::

undir

adj. , from ON undir

  1. under, underneath, below

Can only be used with a dative noun phrase.

::: tip Example

Bókinn er undir borðitum.

bók-inn er undir borð-itum
book-DEF.NOM.SG.C be.3sg.PRES.IND under table-DEF.DAT.SG.N

The book is under the table

:::

undirland

sn.n. , calque of English “underground” using undir and land

  1. underground, subway

See also metr(o)

See land for declensions.

universitet

wn.n. , from German Universität

  1. university

Alternative form: oneversetet

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. universitet universitetit universitetr universitetitr
Acc. universitet universitetit universitet universitetit
Dat. universitet universitetit universitetum universitetitum
Gen. universitets universitetits universitets universitetit

uppá

prep. , from ON uppá

  1. upon

Alternative form: offá

Ú

úlf

sn.m. , from ON úlfr

  1. wolf-dog. See also noregsúlfr.

Alternative form: olv

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. úlfr úlfinn úlfr úlfinn
Acc. úlf úlfin úlf úlfin
Dat. úlf úlfin úlfum úlfinum
Gen. úlfar úlfins úlfar úlfin

V

varm

adj. , from ON varmr

  1. warm, hot
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. varmr varmt
Acc. varm varmt
Dat. varmum varmum
Gen. varms varms
Pl.Nom. varmar varm
Acc. varm varm
Dat. varmum varmum
Gen. varmar varmr

varn(a)

sv. , from ON varna

  1. warn off

When used as to warn about smth, varn uses að.

Declensions:

infinitive
varn
imperative
varn
imperative passive voice
varnask
present participle
varnand
past participle
varnit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s varnar varnir varnt varnumk
2s varnar varnir varnt varnðisk
3s varnar varnir varnt varnðisk
1p varnum varnim varnum varnumk
2p varnið varnið varnuð varnðisk
3p varnið varnið varnuð varnðisk

varnað

sn.m. , from varn(a)

  1. warning, caution
  2. advisory
  3. alert
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. varnaðr varnaðinn varnaðr varnaðinn
Acc. varnað varnaðin varnað varnaðin
Dat. varnað varnaðin varnaðum varnaðinum
Gen. varnaðar varnaðins varnaðar varnaðin

varp

sn.n. , from verp

  1. casting, throwing
  2. projection
  3. colloquial a movie projection
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. varp varpit varp varpitr
Acc. varp varpit varp varpit
Dat. varp varpit varpum varpitum
Gen. varps varpits varps varpit

vatn

sn.n. , from ON vatn

  1. water
  2. lake
  3. a fluid or adaptable situation

  4. a deep, profound feeling or sensation

    ::: tip Example

    Ástinn mínn er djúpt vatn

    My love is deep water, i.e. profound and intense

    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vatn vatnit vatn vatnitr
Acc. vatn vatnit vatn vatnit
Dat. vatn vatnit vatnum vatnitum
Gen. vatns vatnits vatns vatnit

váð

wn.m. , from ON váði

  1. danger, peril
  2. hazard, risk
  3. threat, eg. he is a threat to society.
  4. warning, caution, eg. beware of dogs!
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. váð váðit váðr váðitr
Acc. váð váðit váð váðit
Dat. váð váðit váðum váðitum
Gen. váðs váðits váðs váðit

ván

sn.f. , from ON ván

  1. hope
  2. wish

Alternative form: vén

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vánn váninn vánn váninn
Acc. ván vánin ván vánin
Dat. ván vánin vánum váninum
Gen. vánn vánins vánn vánin

ván(a)

iv. , from ON vána

  1. to hope
  2. to wish for

Uses a dative for its second argument.

Alternative form: vén(a)

Declensions:

infinitive
ván
imperative
ván
imperative passive voice
vánask
present participle
vánand
past participle
vánit
person Ind. Present Sub. Present Past Passive
1s vánn vánir vánt vánumk
2s vánn vánir vánt vándisk
3s vánn vánir vánt vándisk
1p vánum vánim vánum vánumk
2p vánið vánið vánuð vándisk
3p vánið vánið vánuð vándisk

vef

sm.n. , from ON vefr

  1. web (spiders’)
  2. web (textile)
  3. (definite only) the WorldWideWeb, the Internet
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vefr vefinn vefr vefinn
Acc. vef vefin vef vefin
Dat. vef vefin vefum vefinum
Gen. vefar vefins vefar vefin

vefsíð

wf.n. , from vef and síð(a)

  1. website
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vefsíð vefsíðat vefsíðr vefsíðatr
Acc. vefsíð vefsíðat vefsíð vefsíðat
Dat. vefsíð vefsíðat vefsíðum vefsíðatum
Gen. vefsíðs vefsíðats vefsíðs vefsíðat

veg

sn.m. , from ON vegr

  1. path, way
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vegr veginn vegr veginn
Acc. veg vegin veg vegin
Dat. veg vegin vegum veginum
Gen. vegar vegins vegar vegin

veisheit

wn.f. , from German Weisheit, see also visk(a)

  1. knowledge or wisdom
  2. insight
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. veisheit veisheitit veisheitr veisheititr
Acc. veisheit veisheitit veisheit veisheitit
Dat. veisheit veisheitit veisheitum veisheititum
Gen. veisheits veisheitits veisheits veisheitit

vel

adv. , from ON vel

  1. well; in a good or satisfactory manner
  2. easily
  3. thoroughly, completely; to a great extent or degree

  4. fortunately, luckily

    ::: tip Example

    Vel kœmt hann með oss

    Fortunately, he came with us

    :::

  5. adj. well; in good health

    ::: tip Example

    Han er vel.

    She is well.

    :::
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. velr velt
Acc. vel velt
Dat. velum velum
Gen. vels vels
Pl.Nom. velar vel
Acc. vel vel
Dat. velum velum
Gen. velar velr
Declensions of vel as an adjective

ver(a)

iv. , from ON vera

  1. to be
  2. active auxilliary

Declensions:

infinitive
ver
imperative
ves
present participle
verand
past participle
vest
Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Ind. Past Subj. Past
1s em sé vas vár
2s est/ert sér vast vár
3s es/er sé vas vár
1p er sé var vár
2p eruð séð varð várið
3p er sé var vár

The distinction between est or ert and es or er is purely based on the dialect one speaks. In general, the est and es form is preferred in Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while ert and er is preferred everywhere else.

verk

sn.n. , from ON verk

  1. work, the activities or tasks performed as part of one’s job or occupation
  2. business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity
  3. project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a series of tasks or activities aimed at achieving a specific goal
  4. a large or complex task or assignment
  5. a collaborative effort involving multiple participants
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. verk verkit verk verkitr
Acc. verk verkit verk verkit
Dat. verk verkit verkum verkitum
Gen. verks verkits verks verkit

verp(a)

sv. , from ON verpa

  1. to throw
  2. to cast (e.g. a movie)

Declensions:

infinitive
verp
imperative
verp
imperative passive voice
verpask
present participle
verpand
past participle
verpit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s verpr verpir verpt verpumk
2s verpr verpir verpt verpask
3s verpr verpir verpt verpask
1p verpum verpim verpum verpumk
2p verpið verpið verpuð verpask
3p verpið verpið verpuð verpask

vest

adv. , from ON vestr

  1. West, westward

vél

sn.f. , from ON vél

  1. machine, craft
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. véll vélinn véll vélinn
Acc. vél vélin vél vélin
Dat. vél vélin vélum vélinum
Gen. vélar vélins vélar vélin

vétal(a)

wn.f. , portemanteau of vél and tal(a)

  1. computer

See tal(a) for declensions.

vik(a)

wn.f. , from ON vika

  1. a week
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vik vikat vikr vikatr
Acc. vik vikat vik vikat
Dat. vik vikat vikum vikatum
Gen. viks vikats viks vikat
Days of the week
  1. Sunsdag
  2. Mánsdag
  3. Týsdag
  4. Óðinsdag
  5. Þórsdag
  6. Frídag
  7. Laurdag

vilja

iv. , from ON vilja

  1. to want, to wish

Declensions:

infinitive
vilja
imperative
vilja
imperative passive voice
viljask
present participle
viljand
past participle
viljit
person Ind. Pres. Subj. Pres. Past Passive
1s vil vil vilt vildumk
2s vill vil vilir vildisk
3s vill vil vilir vildisk
1p viljum vilim vildum vildumk
2p vilið vilið vilduð vildisk
3p vilið vilið vilduð vildisk

vin

sn.m.

  1. friend
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vinn vininn vinn vininn
Acc. vin vinin vin vinin
Dat. vin vinin vinum vininum
Gen. vinar vinins vinar vinin

vinbú

wn.m.

  1. pet
  2. roommate (derogatory)

For declensions, see bú.

vind

sn.m. , from ON vindr

  1. wind, the percepIble natural movement of the air, especially outdoors

  2. something that drives or influences change, progress, or movement; an unpredictable or dynamic force

    ::: tip Example

    Hann er vindin aptr nemum mínum

    He is the wind behind my studies, i.e. he is the reason my studies go on

    :::

  3. information or news that spreads quickly and widely, often through infomal cannels; rumours or gossips

    ::: tip Example
    • Vindinn er sandr eig The rumors are not true
    • Han hlert vindin um svá She heard the rumours about that
    :::
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vindr vindinn vindr vindinn
Acc. vind vindin vind vindin
Dat. vind vindin vindum vindinum
Gen. vindar vindins vindar vindin

vindker

wn.n. , from vind and ker

  1. sky, litt wind bassin
  2. atmosphere

For declensions, see ker.

vindaug(a)

wn.n. , from vind and aug(a)

  1. window
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. vindaug vindaugat vindaug vindaugatr
Acc. vindaug vindaugat vindaug vindaugat
Dat. vindaug vindaugat vindaugum vindaugatum
Gen. vindaugas vindaugats vindaugas vindaugat

vit

interj.

  1. question marker, see yes/no questions, probably from an inuit dialect.

visk(a)

wn.f. , from ON vizka

  1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience

See veisheit for a more general term for wisdow

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. visk viskit viskr viskitr
Acc. visk viskit visk viskit
Dat. visk viskit viskum viskitum
Gen. visks viskits visks viskit

Y

ynnlig

, from ON ynniliga

  1. adv. cutely, lovely, adorably
  2. adj. cute, lovely, adorably
Common Neuter
Sg.Nom. ynnligr ynnligt
Acc. ynnlig ynnligt
Dat. ynnligum ynnligum
Gen. ynnligs ynnligs
Pl.Nom. ynnligar ynnlig
Acc. ynnlig ynnlig
Dat. ynnligum ynnligum
Gen. ynnligar ynnligr
Declension of ynnlig as an adjective

Ý

Z

Ø

Œ

Œgir

pn.

  1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords.

Alternative form: Œjer