1037 lines
28 KiB
Org Mode
1037 lines
28 KiB
Org Mode
# -*- org-confirm-babel-evaluate: nil -*-
|
||
#+TITLE: Une Grammaire du Tãso
|
||
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta name="description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Tãso" />
|
||
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammaire du Tãso" />
|
||
#+HTML_HEAD: <meta property="og:description" content="Grammaire détaillée de la langue construite Tãso" />
|
||
#+INCLUDE: headers/headers.org
|
||
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
|
||
|
||
* Propos préliminaires
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-41a62215-44fc-490f-89f3-5b9cccf02550
|
||
:UNNUMBERED: t
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Avant-propos
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-89e5cd8b-42e4-41c2-aad7-6112dfa3ace1
|
||
:END:
|
||
La redistribution ou vente de ce document sont strictement interdits. Ce
|
||
document est protégé par la loi française sur le droit d’auteur et appartient
|
||
entièrement et totalement à son auteur. Ce document est un document
|
||
disponible gratuitement au format web et pdf sur mon site web[fn:1]. Si vous
|
||
l’avez obtenu depuis une autre source, gratuitement ou non, merci de m’en
|
||
faire part en me contactant via mes réseaux sociaux ou par mail que vous
|
||
trouverez sur mon site principal[fn:2]. Aucune personne, morale ou physique,
|
||
n’est à l’heure actuelle autorisée à redistribuer ces documents. Si vous êtes
|
||
intéressés par une redistribution de ce document, je vous invite à rentrer en
|
||
contact avec moi afin que l’on en discute.
|
||
|
||
Ce document traite d’une langue imaginaire que j’ai créé. Cependant, il sera
|
||
rédigé comme s’il s’agissait de la première tentative de description de la
|
||
langue par un linguiste la découvrant. Ainsi, si dans certains passages vous
|
||
pouvez lire « mais plus d’études sur le sujet sont nécessaires » ou « cet
|
||
aspect de la langue n’a pas encore été sujet à des analyses plus
|
||
approfondies », comprenez par cela que je n’ai pas encore travaillé sur ou
|
||
fini cette partie qui peut être sujet à des mises à jours dans le futur.
|
||
|
||
** Remerciements
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-55c5bdb0-8ad9-4be0-8527-925b166474eb
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Introduction
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0c5f0aa6-d69d-4fd5-8f61-df9a409af18f
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Liste des abbréviations
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-58d63d52-aebc-4b33-841e-b7a561d0f7c4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
- IPA :: /International Phonetic Alphabet/, Alphabet Phonétique International
|
||
- blb :: bilabial
|
||
- alv :: alvéolaire
|
||
- palv :: palatal-alvéolaire
|
||
- plt :: palatal
|
||
- vlr :: vélaire
|
||
- lvlr :: labio-vélaire
|
||
|
||
* Contexte culturel, écologique et sociolinguiste de la langue
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a89fab50-74c0-4d03-9248-8cad4629d846
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Le nom de la langue
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-2a5d6c2e-16e0-48c1-9cb5-d2ff98519b3f
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Recherches précédentes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-b8a0fbe7-52b9-46a5-a9de-63a2509c8ae6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Démographie
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-4792d22e-b371-46f1-ab60-521d30a7a535
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Cartes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-7914837c-3bf9-4edf-828e-6a36f38527e4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Histoire, migrations
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f20f59bf-abf0-4732-acd3-4cb773e10b38
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Situation politique
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f97ac07f-8a78-4621-894a-0e469e826787
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Écologie
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-1cff65b5-a389-4f68-9feb-7aaf4d6c50ee
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Éthnographie
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c3298027-baf7-4f86-a5e9-136eb4c28a57
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Affiliations génétiques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ae7ce582-2f58-41e2-99b9-129cbd4eedd3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Tradition littéraire
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-65a1be15-7777-451f-b876-b52f9a91cbd0
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Dialectes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-13fc6beb-4c24-4b82-b50f-a2f5da5247fb
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Situation sociolinguistique
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-bada4703-90a1-4dcd-ab29-203101ce00e4
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Multilinguisme et attitude envers les langues
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-621e6556-a3ca-4fb4-9c90-7d0cb372ffa2
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Contexte d’utilisation et choix de langues
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-9d8fead2-7af6-46c4-92f6-004d39534331
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Viabilité
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6c827715-39ca-497a-b7a1-c365df1b5585
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Mots d’emprun
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8b4127a5-6b06-48c7-82f5-b504b6731fb4
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Le corpus
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-9f14afae-8cd0-4f89-9de3-e0d844494d41
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** La nature de la recherche
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6e9d796f-700f-4cad-b369-f34d0e94c3b1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Consultants et autres sources
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3cf68761-6fab-4d3f-8e27-22fdafce977b
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Présentation des données
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-30f6deba-8a32-4d18-bd94-3264846205fb
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
* Aperçu structurel
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-76fc0b91-e41c-42ad-8652-bba029632333
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Esquisse typologique
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-dcd950c6-3a8b-4a9b-abf5-11f607d37415
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Inventaire phonétique et orthographe
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ed0cea88-9b4f-42e9-ac94-b40c8432e264
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Voyelles
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8a426b75-a928-4eb6-94a4-6532dd9d91e5
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
Le Tãso est une langue disposant d’un inventaire phonétique relativement
|
||
large, disposant notamment de douze voyelles. La distinction principale
|
||
entre ces dernières est leur caractéristique haute, ainsi que leur trait
|
||
nasal. Vous trouverez dans le tableau [[table:vow:ipa]] l’inventaire des
|
||
voyelles du Tãso en IPA.
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: table:vow:ipa
|
||
| / | < | < | < |
|
||
| <r> | <c> | <c> | <c> |
|
||
| | antérieures | centrales | postérieures |
|
||
|-------------+-------------+-----------+--------------|
|
||
| fermées | i y | ɨ | |
|
||
| pré-fermées | ɪ ʏ | | ʊ |
|
||
| mi-fermées | ø ø̃ | | ɤ ɤ̃ |
|
||
| mi-ouverte | ɛ̃ | | |
|
||
| ouvertes | a | | ɑ̃ |
|
||
|
||
Comme on peut le voir, la majorité de ces voyelles ont leur équivalent
|
||
nasalisé, et les voyelles pré-fermées et fermées ont leur équivalent arrondi
|
||
ou non-arrondi, à l’exception respectivement du {{{phon(a)}}} dont l’équivalent
|
||
nasalisé est le {{{phon(ɑ̃)}}}, et le {{{phon(ɨ)}}} a pour équivalent arrondi le {{{phon(ʊ)}}}.
|
||
Dans le tableau [[table:vow:ortho]], vous retrouverez le même tableau avec
|
||
l’orthographe des voyelles remplaçant leur symbole phonétique.
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: table:vow:ortho
|
||
| / | < | < | < |
|
||
| <r> | <c> | <c> | <c> |
|
||
| | antérieures | centrales | postérieures |
|
||
|-------------+-------------+-----------+--------------|
|
||
| fermées | í ý | ì | |
|
||
| pré-fermées | i y | | u |
|
||
| mi-fermées | é ę | | o õ |
|
||
| mi-ouverte | e ẽ | | |
|
||
| ouvertes | a | | ã |
|
||
|
||
Vous retrouverez avec la figure [[arbre:vow]] la hiérarchie des caractéristiques
|
||
organisant les voyelles du Tãso.
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: vowel-tree
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes :exports none :eval yes :cache yes
|
||
(setq-local taso-vowels
|
||
'("vowel"
|
||
("[high]"
|
||
("[frnt]"
|
||
("[tense]"
|
||
("[rnd]" ("ʏ"))
|
||
("{rnd}" ("ɪ")))
|
||
("{tense}"
|
||
("[rnd]" ("y"))
|
||
("{rnd}" ("i"))))
|
||
("{frnt}"
|
||
("[tense]" ("ɨ"))
|
||
("{tense}" ("ʊ"))))
|
||
("{high}"
|
||
("[nas]"
|
||
("[frnt]"
|
||
("[tense]" ("ø̃"))
|
||
("{tense}" ("ɛ̃")))
|
||
("{frnt}"
|
||
("[tense]" ("ɤ̃"))
|
||
("{tense}" ("ɑ̃"))))
|
||
("{nas}"
|
||
("[frnt]"
|
||
("[tense]" ("ø"))
|
||
("{tense}" ("ɛ")))
|
||
("{frnt}"
|
||
("[tense]" ("ɤ"))
|
||
("{tense}" ("a")))))))
|
||
(conlanging/tree-to-dot taso-vowels)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC dot :file img/taso/vowel-feature-tree.png :var input=vowel-tree :exports results :eval yes :cache yes
|
||
$input
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
#+NAME: arbre:vow
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :alt Arbre des voyelles du Tãso :align center :width 100%
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :float sideways
|
||
#+CAPTION: Arbre des caractéristiques des voyelles du Tãso
|
||
#+RESULTS[eff961e714f2313ac2e974637800b18d5c11c928]:
|
||
[[file:img/taso/vowel-feature-tree.png]]
|
||
|
||
*** Consonnes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-aa2ea546-2078-4239-8b49-f8f28b886547
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
À l’instar de ses voyelles, le Tãso est également riche en consonnes, comme
|
||
vous pouvez le constater dans le tableau [[table:cons:ipa]] les listant avec
|
||
leur symbole IPA.
|
||
#+NAME: table:cons:ipa
|
||
| <r> | <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> |
|
||
| | blb | alv | palv | plt | vlr | lvlr |
|
||
|---------------+-----+-------+---------+-----+-----+------|
|
||
| nasal | m | n | | | | |
|
||
| occlusif | p b | t d | | | k g | |
|
||
| occ. aspiré | | tʰ dʰ | | | | |
|
||
| affriqué | | | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | | | |
|
||
| aff. aspiré | | | t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒʰ | | | |
|
||
| fricatif | ɸ | s z | | ç ʝ | x ɣ | |
|
||
| spirant | | | | | | ʍ w |
|
||
| fricatif lat. | | ɬ | | | | |
|
||
| spirant lat. | | l | | | | |
|
||
|
||
On remarque qu’il existe un certain nombre de consonnes ayant un équivalent
|
||
aspiré, notamment les consonnes plosives et affriquées alvéolaires et
|
||
palatales-alvéolaires. Vous trouverez dans le tableau [[table:cons:ortho]]
|
||
l’orthographe de chacune de ces consonnes.
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: table:cons:ortho
|
||
| <r> | <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> |
|
||
| | blb | alv | palv | plt | vlr | lvlr |
|
||
|---------------+-----+-------+-------+-------+-----+------|
|
||
| nasal | m | n | | | | |
|
||
| occlusif | p b | t d | | | k g | |
|
||
| occ. aspiré | | th dh | | | | |
|
||
| affriqué | | | c j | | | |
|
||
| aff. aspiré | | | ch jh | | | |
|
||
| fricatif | f | s z | | sh zh | x r | |
|
||
| spirant | | | | | | wh w |
|
||
| fricatif lat. | | lh | | | | |
|
||
| spirant lat. | | l | | | | |
|
||
|
||
#+NAME: cons-tree
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes :exports none :eval yes :cache yes
|
||
(setq-local taso-consonants
|
||
'("consonant"
|
||
("[son]"
|
||
("[cor]"
|
||
("[cont]"
|
||
("[SG]" ("ɬ"))
|
||
("{SG}" ("l")))
|
||
("{cont}" ("n")))
|
||
("{cor}"
|
||
("[cont]"
|
||
("[SG]" ("ʍ"))
|
||
("{SG}" ("w")))
|
||
("{cont}" ("m"))))
|
||
("{son}"
|
||
("[cor]"
|
||
("[dor]"
|
||
("[cont]"
|
||
("[voice]" ("ʝ"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("ç")))
|
||
("{cont}"
|
||
("[SG]"
|
||
("[voice]" ("d͡ʒʰ"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("t͡ʃʰ")))
|
||
("{SG}"
|
||
("[voice]" ("d͡ʒ"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("t͡ʃ")))))
|
||
("{dor}"
|
||
("[cont]"
|
||
("[voice]" ("z"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("s")))
|
||
("{cont}"
|
||
("[SG]"
|
||
("[voice]" ("dʰ"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("tʰ")))
|
||
("{SG}"
|
||
("[voice]" ("d"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("t"))))))
|
||
("{cor}"
|
||
("[dor]"
|
||
("[cont]"
|
||
("[voice]" ("ɣ"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("x")))
|
||
("{cont}"
|
||
("[voice]" ("g"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("k"))))
|
||
("{dor}"
|
||
("[cont]" ("ɸ"))
|
||
("{cont}"
|
||
("[voice]" ("b"))
|
||
("{voice}" ("p"))))))))
|
||
(conlanging/tree-to-dot taso-consonants)
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
|
||
#+BEGIN_SRC dot :file img/taso/consonant-feature-tree.png :var input=cons-tree :exports results :eval yes :cache yes
|
||
$input
|
||
#+END_SRC
|
||
#+NAME: arbre:cons
|
||
#+ATTR_HTML: :alt Arbre des consonnes du Tãso :align center :width 100%
|
||
#+ATTR_LATEX: :float sideways
|
||
#+CAPTION: Arbre des caractéristiques des consonnes du Tãso
|
||
#+RESULTS[9bf7d97ca85780e74e9fbb5fc69cbc9800439890]:
|
||
[[file:img/taso/consonant-feature-tree.png]]
|
||
|
||
*** Ton et accentuation
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c83deaf0-9767-4ac8-a109-7a677b5fba9d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Phonotaxes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f0eaf02f-25f5-4b27-988a-ae7b3f99089c
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Structure syllabique
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-950b4805-8981-4f61-b1d8-4f0ce29ba57e
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Allophonie
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-faef6609-15ef-41ac-9b0b-8df879540a9a
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Structure d’un mot
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6cef78f6-5870-4583-aaf4-4544ba91417e
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Processus phonologiques et morphophonémiques principaux
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e70736d9-53cd-402d-a04e-81d5a3462215
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Prononciation de discours relaché et contractions
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-b35a0eb7-61b8-4fe7-a653-d9790452b15d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Classes de mots
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-115008d7-60bd-43a9-af09-7e3fa69bbeac
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Noms
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-dcef02ce-f4dd-454d-be8e-e362c92cc147
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Structure d’un nom
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3f99ead1-df52-4b27-afce-9fe901a62c3a
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Processus dérivationels
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-def0ffb2-08fb-4221-ab8e-86d9f0f2ae2e
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Processus inflexionels
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-33255f99-6091-44ee-ac85-d93d6d1cc421
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Noms dénombrables et indénombrables
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-43bcf531-a72f-49e9-a0b4-2a0bea3c7dd9
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Noms propres
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-81ec1093-7601-4abf-bfe6-c13daee3bbf1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Pronoms et/ou clitiques anaphoriques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-edf935a6-971a-4fc1-974a-611784acb77a
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Pronoms personnels
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e9bbacb5-e3ef-4c66-a052-869ca7bcc0f3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Pronoms démonstratifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-cb71bffc-c469-4b7b-aeb9-8a5d8d19ffe6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Autres
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-d7a73687-d694-4174-8d4c-48d6851f0c61
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Verbes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-de4bb93d-bcd1-4edf-8314-497bf3c06ab8
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Structure verbale
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-19b1c9d4-eb87-41db-bb3f-483be321af86
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Processus dérivationel
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-9ae57ccb-d971-4637-93cd-73e80f5e78f0
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Processus inflectionel
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e6af0628-8232-4887-9b87-3e60fb6aeb55
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Classe de verbes distincte 1
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-d7d4df8b-f4c6-4578-8c19-e4778705b54f
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Classe de verbes distincte 2
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c4199547-940d-4c69-868f-aa8cc38ed26c
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Classe de verbes distincte 3
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-95980b56-b9f0-40df-9a05-8af14629d425
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Classe de verbes distincte 4
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-53c983a5-445e-445c-81c3-56d6ab360de1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Modificateurs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fa582b13-c83c-4219-9274-fd6c81f83f5b
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Adjectifs descriptifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-231cd0ef-17a7-4cc9-b97f-a198dd3c2779
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Quantifieurs non-numéraux
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5c3776c1-36a9-4cd3-820b-6003181043bf
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Numéraux
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-264415c7-bef0-40c0-a6e0-939949bac6a6
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Adverbes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ac1f5889-ab88-4b8c-903a-abc0dbc243c9
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Auxilliaires
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5be5e2a8-7d51-4875-ab30-8c44702f1566
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Adpositions (prépositions ou postpositions)
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-df92af32-3852-4bf3-8d0d-83467c50f29c
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Particules ou autres classes de mots mineures
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f33bbce5-2fb6-47ae-9aff-03635d06cc2a
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Typologie de l’ordre des constituants
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ee279d43-b0aa-488e-9467-2b1956468d48
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Ordre des constituants dans les clauses principales
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-7945a001-d98a-42fe-845f-7f37c2f14f1d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Ordre des constituants dans les clauses verbales
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e68d1726-9baf-4963-b098-58c6aa340082
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Ordre des constituants dans les clauses nominales
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-130f774a-bc58-46ca-a172-c413c8236366
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Phrases adpositionelles
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-4890aba1-72e2-43e7-98a6-6185cbc6f246
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Comparatifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-987612fa-84ce-4d28-a8e2-363002edb722
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Particules de questions et mots interrogatifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-66436f0c-f1b6-4c2b-8c35-6b9439d81e86
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Résumé
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-86a5e054-9618-485f-8cc8-93704a890a30
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Structure d’une phrase nominale
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3f1cc9cc-1a9d-48e2-94ee-0e7c2aaebe13
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Structure d’une phrase verbale
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fbbefe2b-595f-405d-bc5e-b1fa0cd13749
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Prédicats nominaux et constructions liées
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-241f8093-3388-42fe-8060-af94a2ff03a4
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Prédicats nominaux
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-28fe553c-2fc1-4c1d-ad81-23680b62918a
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Prédicats adjectivaux
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5a0c7fd1-9008-4915-88ef-6b2482795e44
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Prédicats locatifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ea755499-8c28-4ddb-a037-841658aeeb91
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Prédicats existentiels
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-93c2c2bb-bb4d-46bd-9979-5a8392c2f144
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Clauses possessives
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-d68829a8-b329-46f7-88d8-ece6845e08e3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Clauses intransitives
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ea08f661-5634-4b92-bb53-026171de4426
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Clauses transitives
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-1167b478-c009-4f35-a02f-3cfde57e72e9
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Clauses ditransitives
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-7a1c9080-3e3e-4b26-82c2-80f524380d67
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Types de clauses dépendantes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-569b95dd-01df-4010-8fd1-51fc0499381c
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Non-finies
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-4a915574-e407-4182-b70c-8247c160d963
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Semi-finies
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-377bfd10-ab3c-4fa1-9b7e-b3d5ec7491de
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Finies
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-de685cbe-46a7-4ee9-a226-64767781fb37
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
* Système fonctionnel
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-b98946f1-8554-4243-ab3e-bf098b1b04ef
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Relations grammaticales
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-da598991-b75c-4031-a6af-0f06880eb971
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Constructions liées à la voix et à la valence
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f6447004-ff87-46d0-afc2-08e1cf1dfc64
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Causatif
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-b1dac30b-3ca7-4a71-a313-34cdab5e234e
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Applicatif
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-578be841-9d4e-45bf-99a7-2969887e61d9
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Déplacement datif
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-114ace73-6554-41d6-b215-a4008d0cecc2
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Datif d’intérêt
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-acb2ac0a-d3ee-4eab-a9ad-d2e56c7d9e7e
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Possession exterieure
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ea45c49e-434b-4033-a204-f4f134bc9743
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Réflexifs et réciproques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e24ca699-b946-4a20-a89a-4e6fcdd04aaf
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Passifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-32469595-6713-41f7-82e4-0842363ce78c
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Inverses
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-1b1a41fe-0567-4bd0-9980-70e75136f32d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Constructions moyennes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a6f23f5e-5e5c-4a0d-addf-9a2dc94798bd
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Antipassifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8ae349c3-c9e6-4c00-a8a3-1422bcb759c3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Démotion d’objet ou omission
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e114b8d4-fd80-447b-9807-b740d94250ca
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Incorporation d’objet
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0cbb7721-1e9e-4a4f-b16b-1abbbaf41515
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Nominalisation
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ba9b627c-d1c6-46d3-af2a-335e674ea09c
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Nominalisation d’action
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0c34362c-290b-4c16-993d-1aede011f4aa
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Nominalisation de participant
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6283863d-8e9c-4fc8-bd77-b852fdd116c4
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Nominalisation d’agent
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a51e1cd9-55a2-440f-bf60-96361d13980d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Nominalisation de patient
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-862598a2-5803-4785-b921-4ffe172d278a
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Nominalisation d’instrument
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-1907392e-aa37-49d6-b4a4-c44c16307586
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Nominalisation de lieu
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-d1a579d2-b9a5-44b3-8542-03055d1e973f
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Nominalisation de produit
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5fa747d2-b8d2-4c70-a259-3b5389b51590
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Nominalisation de manière
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-149cf142-1783-4e08-b581-9c1fbf577987
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Nominalisation causale
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3172c987-3ab3-48de-9b2c-26420ce516ea
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Temps, aspect, mode
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-7817ca1d-e3ad-48ed-8f79-9039e5c651c7
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Temps
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8f9ad932-6d85-4ea3-b4d5-aada0f48e488
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Aspects
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ec16ad8f-69c7-44bc-ad20-da6d9188b3d1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Modes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c7d2c230-6431-42f5-bf7a-dd70e61499f3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Lieux/direction
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-94eb465d-d084-4d4b-9390-618ed43a4606
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Évidentialité, validation et mirativité
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-52d58b47-a607-4f9b-9fa8-f960d3ab50cc
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Divers
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-552d73fa-eee2-46d8-9225-42431b4d7820
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Structures marquées pragmatiquement
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-eaf98d70-ee47-43bc-92e3-425c940a4493
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Variation d’ordre des constituants
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6d3d502c-89da-4c88-9bb0-0e08fa3cced8
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Particules contrastives et emphatiques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-772ee454-b2dc-4461-b619-e1c60a2e9fdf
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Motifs d’intonation contrastifs et emphatiques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-9c0eda5f-2dd9-4011-aed5-07214524ab8d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Négation
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0b72b283-9ce9-4078-8d44-e8cc85c554e1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Questions
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a92e1f8f-7092-4975-850c-93a70c6f6466
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Questions absolues
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-b273f0de-ba6d-49c7-9eba-c49dbb527d4b
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Questions relatives
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-3732004d-f013-4d12-bae8-ba1ed7359ece
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Impératifs
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-857e4f5d-623e-4ea6-8263-96cd90b724dc
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Combinaison de clauses
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-60c13fa4-7a4a-44db-8ade-28e39243a390
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Verbes de série
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-42ff20dc-0552-463d-901c-997bb7f1b3f5
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Clauses complémentaires
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-56f6552e-6604-4dde-98cb-6286f3f6291e
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Clauses adverbiales
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-69e269b0-ded6-4188-8fb2-869921f27375
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Enchaînement de clauses, clauses médianes et changement de référence
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-2fe752f2-8586-4fd2-85de-a0f94f04be07
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Clauses relatives
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a7892774-5608-47c3-a66a-fef0a11acea2
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Coordination
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-1e8799b0-9cce-4bff-a5b2-f237ed0715fb
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** La langue telle qu’utilisée
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-410b5fac-bda1-4c79-9f74-9bd747666e2c
|
||
:END:
|
||
*** Typologie lexicale
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-e6d10a54-078f-4cc0-8a07-28a6fed468ba
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Espace, directions et déplacements
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-997b8c61-cb5d-40f9-92c1-6e17cfaddce3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Causation
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-44afa9f9-5dc8-4883-90f5-a214b455eef9
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Valence
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-39f2e9c1-f91f-4e64-b667-c89a3c9edf77
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Prépondérance des caractéristiques sémantiques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5ab18e70-8101-417d-be7e-1d87cb85a6ed
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Continuité (cohésion) et discontinuité
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0a5942b9-40eb-4289-bc48-c8e261d396e1
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Continuité de sujet (référenciel)
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-48bbdda1-6153-4bb2-9329-41acb5ed4e16
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Continuité de thème
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c101a6e6-3235-497c-93b0-8d1a33d6014b
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Continuité d’action
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-98780284-20cb-4ddd-ac75-55454ac31dd1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Prominence épisodique
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-d2e427d9-a12d-4930-ae84-b6f2e1db22e9
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Apogée, point de culminance
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0a5068b2-1d91-4fa1-b8c6-163ceef8ded9
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Intensification
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c4f61aa8-4b31-49e4-87d3-222105840b36
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Genres
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-c001376f-4df2-4340-a181-62ab0e1eb645
|
||
:END:
|
||
**** Conversation
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-93c266a5-2f68-4bce-9d28-4fd6ae52640d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Narratif
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-0a1db1a3-6460-4f55-999b-28c0f4dad61b
|
||
:END:
|
||
***** Expériences personnelles
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-098a7c39-cf64-4312-9b76-c2869e2da5de
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
***** Historique
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-cc748a7e-07be-4a8e-b5fa-59273aeb307c
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
***** Histoires folkloriques
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-917be5b0-5b4e-4b21-a52e-e40131e09921
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
***** Mythologie
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6c431938-12f9-4d8a-89e0-a61a8aaeba3b
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Pressant
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-068bfae1-e695-4d50-9ab4-dd7cb8bd07f3
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Procédurel
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f1217ba9-c667-460e-98a9-c57b8e4bf26b
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Informatif
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fceaaa34-b2ac-4296-a8d6-56d0cb5baa21
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Descriptif
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-62923698-ff3e-4d49-b0bc-7f51fc465733
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Élocution rituelle
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-b437a999-0294-43a6-8752-ba282078c026
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
*** Divers et conclusions
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-fafab62a-23f1-4536-ba17-9f89e7cc0944
|
||
:END:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ee4f1d3a-b677-450c-ae7e-0058b3951ad0
|
||
:END
|
||
**** Expressions idiomatiques et proverbes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-f4be97ec-4df3-40e2-ae76-73ddf08134a1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
**** Symbolisme sonore
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-5556ebe6-940e-40ee-8a97-c2bfd6c0e9e1
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
* Annexes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-abba570c-9f4e-4b85-9fdf-2d17707a3c1a
|
||
:END:
|
||
** Textes avec traduction interlinéaire
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-23b6ac25-c290-4121-95ef-66897fd6a93d
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
** Dictionnaire
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-50e5b25c-34f1-4495-ae05-386455077cd5
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
* Data not to be exported :noexport:
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-39983f30-b547-410d-9984-12cb7565c72a
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
* Footnotes
|
||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-defe47b2-686b-4d1c-ba9b-c84e6c482478
|
||
:END:
|
||
|
||
[fn:2] [[https://phundrak.fr]]
|
||
|
||
[fn:1] [[https://langue.phundrak.fr]]
|