[Proto-Ñyqy, En] Update creating trees, works on phonetics
New function `conlanging-list-to-graphviz' better suited for easy graphviz tree creation with org-mode. Make some chapters noexport to only export interesting content. Work on phonotactics and on allophones in Proto-Ñyqy. Add some words to the dictionary.
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@ -297,12 +297,12 @@ another, and the patriarchal branches almost all retained women as
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their spiritual figurehead, even if political power passed in the
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hands of men.
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** Religion and Beliefs
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** Religion and Beliefs :noexport:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Culture-of-the-Proto-Ñyqy-People-Religion-and-beliefs-31mj52n0h5j0
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:END:
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** Personal Names
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** Personal Names :noexport:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Culture-of-the-Proto-Ñyqy-People-Personal-names-8ymj52n0h5j0
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:END:
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@ -404,7 +404,9 @@ morphenes separated from each other instead.
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Vowels-vishtyt058j0
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:END:
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As we stand today, eight vowels were reconstructed for Proto-Ñyqy:
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As we stand today, eight vowels were reconstructed for Proto-Ñyqy, as
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presented in the table [[table:vowels:trans]]. Below is a short guide to
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their pronunciation:
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- e :: {{{phon(*ɛ)}}} as in General American English /“bed”/ [bɛd]
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- i :: {{{phon(*ɪ)}}} as in General American English /“bit”/ [bɪt]
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- o :: {{{phon(*ɔ)}}} as in General American English /“thought”/ [θɔːt]
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@ -440,46 +442,60 @@ It is however possible to create a featural tree for the known vowels,
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determining which would have been considered closer to others, as
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seens with figure [[tree:vowels]].
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#+NAME: vow-tree
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#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :wrap "src dot :file proto-nyqy/vowel-feature-tre.png"
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(let ((nyqy-vowels
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'("vowels"
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("+back"
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("+tense"
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("+high" "/u/")
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("-high" "/ɤ/"))
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("-tense"
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("+high" "/ʊ/")
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("-high" "/ɔ/")))
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("-back"
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("+tense"
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("+high" "/y/")
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("-high" "/ø/"))
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("-tense"
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("+high" "/ɪ/")
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("-high" "/ɛ/"))))))
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(conlanging-tree-to-dot nyqy-vowels))
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#+header: :var vowels=vowels-featural-list
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#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :wrap "src dot :file proto-nyqy/vowel-feature-tree.png"
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(conlanging-list-to-graphviz vowels)
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#+END_SRC
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#+RESULTS[710ba5bdd3ed5f787748cbb05d0460b251e31a9e]: vow-tree
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#+begin_src dot :file proto-nyqy/vowel-feature-tre.png
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graph{graph[dpi=300];node[shape=plaintext];graph[bgcolor="transparent"];0[label="vowels"];1[label="+back"];0 -- 1;11[label="+tense"];1 -- 11;111[label="+high"];11 -- 111;1111[label="/u/"];111 -- 1111;112[label="-high"];11 -- 112;1121[label="/ɤ/"];112 -- 1121;12[label="-tense"];1 -- 12;121[label="+high"];12 -- 121;1211[label="/ʊ/"];121 -- 1211;122[label="-high"];12 -- 122;1221[label="/ɔ/"];122 -- 1221;2[label="-back"];0 -- 2;21[label="+tense"];2 -- 21;211[label="+high"];21 -- 211;2111[label="/y/"];211 -- 2111;212[label="-high"];21 -- 212;2121[label="/ø/"];212 -- 2121;22[label="-tense"];2 -- 22;221[label="+high"];22 -- 221;2211[label="/ɪ/"];221 -- 2211;222[label="-high"];22 -- 222;2221[label="/ɛ/"];222 -- 2221;}
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#+RESULTS[b89b1c11e7fefc81753f805211bdef60f246d43f]: vow-tree
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#+begin_src dot :file proto-nyqy/vowel-feature-tree.png
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graph{graph[dpi=300,bgcolor="transparent"];node[shape=plaintext];"vowels-0jae0mb5jxtn"[label="vowels"];"+back-0jae0mb5jxtx"[label="+back"];"vowels-0jae0mb5jxtn"--"+back-0jae0mb5jxtx";"+tense-0jae0mb5jxu1"[label="+tense"];"+back-0jae0mb5jxtx"--"+tense-0jae0mb5jxu1";"+high-0jae0mb5jxu4"[label="+high"];"+tense-0jae0mb5jxu1"--"+high-0jae0mb5jxu4";"/u/-0jae0mb5jxu6"[label="/u/"];"+high-0jae0mb5jxu4"--"/u/-0jae0mb5jxu6";"-high-0jae0mb5jxub"[label="-high"];"+tense-0jae0mb5jxu1"--"-high-0jae0mb5jxub";"/ɤ/-0jae0mb5jxue"[label="/ɤ/"];"-high-0jae0mb5jxub"--"/ɤ/-0jae0mb5jxue";"-tense-0jae0mb5jxuq"[label="-tense"];"+back-0jae0mb5jxtx"--"-tense-0jae0mb5jxuq";"+high-0jae0mb5jxus"[label="+high"];"-tense-0jae0mb5jxuq"--"+high-0jae0mb5jxus";"/ʊ/-0jae0mb5jxuv"[label="/ʊ/"];"+high-0jae0mb5jxus"--"/ʊ/-0jae0mb5jxuv";"-high-0jae0mb5jxv1"[label="-high"];"-tense-0jae0mb5jxuq"--"-high-0jae0mb5jxv1";"/ɔ/-0jae0mb5jxv3"[label="/ɔ/"];"-high-0jae0mb5jxv1"--"/ɔ/-0jae0mb5jxv3";"-back-0jae0mb5jxvp"[label="-back"];"vowels-0jae0mb5jxtn"--"-back-0jae0mb5jxvp";"+tense-0jae0mb5jxvs"[label="+tense"];"-back-0jae0mb5jxvp"--"+tense-0jae0mb5jxvs";"+high-0jae0mb5jxvv"[label="+high"];"+tense-0jae0mb5jxvs"--"+high-0jae0mb5jxvv";"/y/-0jae0mb5jxvy"[label="/y/"];"+high-0jae0mb5jxvv"--"/y/-0jae0mb5jxvy";"-high-0jae0mb5jxw4"[label="-high"];"+tense-0jae0mb5jxvs"--"-high-0jae0mb5jxw4";"/ø/-0jae0mb5jxw7"[label="/ø/"];"-high-0jae0mb5jxw4"--"/ø/-0jae0mb5jxw7";"-tense-0jae0mb5jxwi"[label="-tense"];"-back-0jae0mb5jxvp"--"-tense-0jae0mb5jxwi";"+high-0jae0mb5jxwl"[label="+high"];"-tense-0jae0mb5jxwi"--"+high-0jae0mb5jxwl";"/ɪ/-0jae0mb5jxwo"[label="/ɪ/"];"+high-0jae0mb5jxwl"--"/ɪ/-0jae0mb5jxwo";"-high-0jae0mb5jxwt"[label="-high"];"-tense-0jae0mb5jxwi"--"-high-0jae0mb5jxwt";"/ɛ/-0jae0mb5jxww"[label="/ɛ/"];"-high-0jae0mb5jxwt"--"/ɛ/-0jae0mb5jxww";}
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#+end_src
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#+NAME: tree:vowels
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#+ATTR_HTML: :alt Proto-Ñyqy Vowel Featural Tree :class gentree
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#+CAPTION: Proto-Ñyqy Vowels Featural Tree
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#+RESULTS[93213f3a21282f76f00524121b4d3bd73339769e]:
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[[file:img/proto-nyqy/vowel-feature-tre.png]]
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#+RESULTS[dac9546e31b40b5e6a172a74914ac3fa60f3b1c4]:
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[[file:img/proto-nyqy/vowel-feature-tree.png]]
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**** Private Data :noexport:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Overview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Vowels-Private-Data-jt8bq9m0eaj0
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:END:
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#+name: vowels-featural-list
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- vowels
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- +back
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- +tense
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- +high
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- /u/
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- -high
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- /ɤ/
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- -tense
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- +high
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- /ʊ/
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- -high
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- /ɔ/
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- -back
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- +tense
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- +high
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- /y/
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- -high
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- /ø/
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- -tense
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- +high
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- /ɪ/
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- -high
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- /ɛ/
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*** Consonants
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Consonants-xethtyt058j0
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:END:
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the topic of consonants, unlike vowels, is a hot debate among
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The topic of consonants, unlike vowels, is a hot debate among
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linguists. while we are pretty sure proto-ñyqy has twelve consonants,
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we are still unsure which consonants they are due to the extreme
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unstability of the dorsal feature, and there is seemingly no
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consistency as to how the consonants were stabilized in the different
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consistency as to how the consonants stabilized in the different
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languages that emerged from the proto-ñyqy breakup. it is only in the
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recent years Ishy Maeln proposed a new theory that is gaining traction
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among proto-ñyqy specialists: each consonant could be pronounced
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@ -492,60 +508,27 @@ found in some early languages found after the breakup such as
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proto-mojhal. this phenomenon is more thouroughly explained in
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§[[#Structural-Preview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Consonants-xethtyt058j0]].
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The featural tree of the Proto-Ñyqy language can be found in the figure
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[[tree:cons]]. Each grapheme displays below its dorsal pronunciation on
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the left and its non-dorsal pronunciation on the right.
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You can find the featural tree of the Proto-Ñyqy consonants in the
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figure [[tree:cons]]. Each grapheme displays below its dorsal
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pronunciation on the left and its non-dorsal pronunciation on the
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right.
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#+name: cons-tree
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#+header: :var consonants=consonants-featural-list
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp :wrap "src dot :file proto-nyqy/consonant-feature-tree.png"
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(let ((nyqy-consonants '("consonant"
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("+cor"
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("+ant"
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("+voice"
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("+nas" "n\nɳ / n")
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("-nas" "z\nʝ / z"))
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("-voice" "s\nç / s"))
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("-ant"
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("+voice" "j\nɟ / d͡ʒ")
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("-voice" "c\nc / t͡ʃ")))
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("-cor"
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("+voice"
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("+nas"
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("+lab" "m\nŋ͡m / m")
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("-lab" "ñ\nɴ / ɦ̃"))
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("-nas"
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("+lab"
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("+cont" "w\nw / v")
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("-cont" "b\ng͡b / b"))
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("-lab" "g\nɡ / ʕ")))
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("-voice"
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("+lab" "p\nk͡p / p")
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("-lab" "q\nq / ħ"))))))
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(conlanging-tree-to-dot nyqy-consonants))
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(conlanging-list-to-graphviz consonants)
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#+end_src
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#+RESULTS[e0875f85b0f48837f58e96ee5587b35ec0bccdeb]: cons-tree
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#+RESULTS[4e9a50b96e705bd847ee3fab2534263dd96ca335]: cons-tree
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#+begin_src dot :file proto-nyqy/consonant-feature-tree.png
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graph{graph[dpi=300];node[shape=plaintext];graph[bgcolor="transparent"];0[label="consonant"];1[label="+cor"];0 -- 1;11[label="+ant"];1 -- 11;111[label="+voice"];11 -- 111;1111[label="+nas"];111 -- 1111;11111[label="n
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ɳ / n"];1111 -- 11111;1112[label="-nas"];111 -- 1112;11121[label="z
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ʝ / z"];1112 -- 11121;112[label="-voice"];11 -- 112;1121[label="s
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ç / s"];112 -- 1121;12[label="-ant"];1 -- 12;121[label="+voice"];12 -- 121;1211[label="j
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ɟ / d͡ʒ"];121 -- 1211;122[label="-voice"];12 -- 122;1221[label="c
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c / t͡ʃ"];122 -- 1221;2[label="-cor"];0 -- 2;21[label="+voice"];2 -- 21;211[label="+nas"];21 -- 211;2111[label="+lab"];211 -- 2111;21111[label="m
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ŋ͡m / m"];2111 -- 21111;2112[label="-lab"];211 -- 2112;21121[label="ñ
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ɴ / ɦ̃"];2112 -- 21121;212[label="-nas"];21 -- 212;2121[label="+lab"];212 -- 2121;21211[label="+cont"];2121 -- 21211;212111[label="w
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w / v"];21211 -- 212111;21212[label="-cont"];2121 -- 21212;212121[label="b
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g͡b / b"];21212 -- 212121;2122[label="-lab"];212 -- 2122;21221[label="g
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ɡ / ʕ"];2122 -- 21221;22[label="-voice"];2 -- 22;221[label="+lab"];22 -- 221;2211[label="p
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k͡p / p"];221 -- 2211;222[label="-lab"];22 -- 222;2221[label="q
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q / ħ"];222 -- 2221;}
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graph{graph[dpi=300,bgcolor="transparent"];node[shape=plaintext];"consonants-0jae0mrv0dgn"[label="consonants"];"+coronal-0jae0mrv0dgx"[label="+coronal"];"consonants-0jae0mrv0dgn"--"+coronal-0jae0mrv0dgx";"+anterior-0jae0mrv0dh1"[label="+anterior"];"+coronal-0jae0mrv0dgx"--"+anterior-0jae0mrv0dh1";"+voice-0jae0mrv0dh3"[label="+voice"];"+anterior-0jae0mrv0dh1"--"+voice-0jae0mrv0dh3";"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dh6"[label="+nasal"];"+voice-0jae0mrv0dh3"--"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dh6";"n\nɳ / n-0jae0mrv0dh9"[label="n\nɳ / n"];"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dh6"--"n\nɳ / n-0jae0mrv0dh9";"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dhf"[label="-nasal"];"+voice-0jae0mrv0dh3"--"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dhf";"z\nʝ / z-0jae0mrv0dhi"[label="z\nʝ / z"];"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dhf"--"z\nʝ / z-0jae0mrv0dhi";"-voice-0jae0mrv0dht"[label="-voice"];"+anterior-0jae0mrv0dh1"--"-voice-0jae0mrv0dht";"s\nç / s-0jae0mrv0dhw"[label="s\nç / s"];"-voice-0jae0mrv0dht"--"s\nç / s-0jae0mrv0dhw";"-anterior-0jae0mrv0did"[label="-anterior"];"+coronal-0jae0mrv0dgx"--"-anterior-0jae0mrv0did";"+voice-0jae0mrv0dif"[label="+voice"];"-anterior-0jae0mrv0did"--"+voice-0jae0mrv0dif";"j\nɟ / d͡ʒ-0jae0mrv0dii"[label="j\nɟ / d͡ʒ"];"+voice-0jae0mrv0dif"--"j\nɟ / d͡ʒ-0jae0mrv0dii";"- voice-0jae0mrv0dio"[label="- voice"];"-anterior-0jae0mrv0did"--"- voice-0jae0mrv0dio";"c\nc / t͡ʃ-0jae0mrv0dir"[label="c\nc / t͡ʃ"];"- voice-0jae0mrv0dio"--"c\nc / t͡ʃ-0jae0mrv0dir";"-coronal-0jae0mrv0djo"[label="-coronal"];"consonants-0jae0mrv0dgn"--"-coronal-0jae0mrv0djo";"+voice-0jae0mrv0djr"[label="+voice"];"-coronal-0jae0mrv0djo"--"+voice-0jae0mrv0djr";"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dju"[label="+nasal"];"+voice-0jae0mrv0djr"--"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dju";"+labial-0jae0mrv0djw"[label="+labial"];"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dju"--"+labial-0jae0mrv0djw";"m\nŋ͡m / m-0jae0mrv0djz"[label="m\nŋ͡m / m"];"+labial-0jae0mrv0djw"--"m\nŋ͡m / m-0jae0mrv0djz";"-labial-0jae0mrv0dk5"[label="-labial"];"+nasal-0jae0mrv0dju"--"-labial-0jae0mrv0dk5";"ñ\nɴ / ɦ̃-0jae0mrv0dk7"[label="ñ\nɴ / ɦ̃"];"-labial-0jae0mrv0dk5"--"ñ\nɴ / ɦ̃-0jae0mrv0dk7";"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dkk"[label="-nasal"];"+voice-0jae0mrv0djr"--"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dkk";"+labial-0jae0mrv0dkn"[label="+labial"];"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dkk"--"+labial-0jae0mrv0dkn";"+constricted-0jae0mrv0dkq"[label="+constricted"];"+labial-0jae0mrv0dkn"--"+constricted-0jae0mrv0dkq";"w\nw / v-0jae0mrv0dkt"[label="w\nw / v"];"+constricted-0jae0mrv0dkq"--"w\nw / v-0jae0mrv0dkt";"-constricted-0jae0mrv0dky"[label="-constricted"];"+labial-0jae0mrv0dkn"--"-constricted-0jae0mrv0dky";"b\ng͡b / b-0jae0mrv0dl1"[label="b\ng͡b / b"];"-constricted-0jae0mrv0dky"--"b\ng͡b / b-0jae0mrv0dl1";"-labial-0jae0mrv0dld"[label="-labial"];"-nasal-0jae0mrv0dkk"--"-labial-0jae0mrv0dld";"g\nɡ / ʕ-0jae0mrv0dlg"[label="g\nɡ / ʕ"];"-labial-0jae0mrv0dld"--"g\nɡ / ʕ-0jae0mrv0dlg";"-voice-0jae0mrv0dmf"[label="-voice"];"-coronal-0jae0mrv0djo"--"-voice-0jae0mrv0dmf";"+labial-0jae0mrv0dmi"[label="+labial"];"-voice-0jae0mrv0dmf"--"+labial-0jae0mrv0dmi";"p\nk͡p / p-0jae0mrv0dml"[label="p\nk͡p / p"];"+labial-0jae0mrv0dmi"--"p\nk͡p / p-0jae0mrv0dml";"-labial-0jae0mrv0dmr"[label="-labial"];"-voice-0jae0mrv0dmf"--"-labial-0jae0mrv0dmr";"q\nq / ħ-0jae0mrv0dmt"[label="q\nq / ħ"];"-labial-0jae0mrv0dmr"--"q\nq / ħ-0jae0mrv0dmt";}
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#+end_src
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#+NAME: tree:cons
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#+ATTR_HTML: :alt Feature Tree of Proto-Ñyqy Consonants :class gentree
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#+ATTR_LATEX: :float sideways
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#+CAPTION:Feature Tree of Proto-Ñyqy Consonants
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#+RESULTS[ffe72afe3ad98a580247d708ff0120e303ee1209]:
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#+RESULTS[9684da582c5607871725d06858e1edc91b7ab4a2]:
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[[file:img/proto-nyqy/consonant-feature-tree.png]]
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As you can see, each one of the consonants have their two alternative
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@ -553,8 +536,11 @@ indicated below their grapheme. In the case of the coronal consonants,
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the alternative consonant is obtained by replacing the anterior
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feature by the dorsal feature when it is present.
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The way of writing consonants was therefore standardized as the
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following:
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The way of writing consonants was therefore standardized as presented
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in the table [[table:consonants-pronunciation]].
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#+name: table:consonants-pronunciation
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#+caption: Possible Pronunciations of the Proto-Ñyqy Consonants
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| <c> | <c> | <c> | <c> |
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| Main Grapheme | Dorsal Phoneme | Non-Dorsal Phoneme | Alternate Grapheme |
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|---------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------|
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| ñ | {{{phon(*ɴ)}}} | {{{phon(*ɦ̃)}}} | ḿ |
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@ -589,6 +575,47 @@ grew during the past century. They are not used anymore, but any
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student that wishes to read older documents on Proto-Ñyqy should be
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aware of these.
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**** Private Data :noexport:
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Overview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Consonants-Private-Data-sfcbpfm0eaj0
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:END:
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#+name: consonants-featural-list
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- consonants
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- +coronal
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- +anterior
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- +voice
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- +nasal
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- n\nɳ / n
|
||||
- -nasal
|
||||
- z\nʝ / z
|
||||
- -voice
|
||||
- s\nç / s
|
||||
- -anterior
|
||||
- +voice
|
||||
- j\nɟ / d͡ʒ
|
||||
- - voice
|
||||
- c\nc / t͡ʃ
|
||||
- -coronal
|
||||
- +voice
|
||||
- +nasal
|
||||
- +labial
|
||||
- m\nŋ͡m / m
|
||||
- -labial
|
||||
- ñ\nɴ / ɦ̃
|
||||
- -nasal
|
||||
- +labial
|
||||
- +constricted
|
||||
- w\nw / v
|
||||
- -constricted
|
||||
- b\ng͡b / b
|
||||
- -labial
|
||||
- g\nɡ / ʕ
|
||||
- -voice
|
||||
- +labial
|
||||
- p\nk͡p / p
|
||||
- -labial
|
||||
- q\nq / ħ
|
||||
|
||||
*** Pitch and Stress
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Overview-Phonetic-Inventory-and-Translitteration-Pitch-and-Stress-br8ank61e8j0
|
||||
@ -633,16 +660,49 @@ No special rule have been found to rule the onset, it can host any
|
||||
consonant without any effect on the vowel.
|
||||
|
||||
However, it has been found the coda has some rules:
|
||||
- two nasal consonants cannot follow each other
|
||||
- two coronal consonants cannot follow each other
|
||||
- two nasal consonants cannot follow each other --- no {{{recon(-ñm)}}}
|
||||
- two coronal consonants cannot follow each other --- no {{{recon(-ns)}}}
|
||||
- labial consonants are never found with another consonant in the coda
|
||||
--- no {{{recon(-ps)}}}
|
||||
For instance, {{{recon(noc zebec)}}} would be pronounced as {{{recon(noc
|
||||
gebec)}}}. It is most likely the features to chose from when converting a
|
||||
consonant from a coronal to a non-coronal were considered as absent by
|
||||
default. This results in the table
|
||||
[[table:coronal-to-non-coronal-consonants]] --- as you can see, the pair
|
||||
<z> and <j> and the pair <s> and <c> convert to the same consonant
|
||||
respectively.
|
||||
#+name: table:coronal-to-non-coronal-consonants
|
||||
#+caption: Conversion Table of Coronal to Non-Coronal Consonants
|
||||
| <c> | <c> |
|
||||
| Coronal Consonant | Non-Coronal Consonant |
|
||||
|-------------------+-----------------------|
|
||||
| n | ñ |
|
||||
| z | g |
|
||||
| s | q |
|
||||
| j | g |
|
||||
| c | q |
|
||||
|
||||
It has also been found that if two coronal consonants do follow each
|
||||
other in cross-syllabic environments, with the first one in the coda
|
||||
of a first syllable and the second one in the onset of a second
|
||||
syllable, then the former will become voiced as the latter. It has
|
||||
also been found a schwa tends to appear between syllables when the
|
||||
first one ends with two consonants and the second one begins with one.
|
||||
syllable, then the former will become voiced as the latter.
|
||||
|
||||
Similarly, if two nasal consonants are found near each other in a
|
||||
cross-syllabic environment, the second nasal consonant will become
|
||||
denasalized. Thus, we get the conversion table
|
||||
[[table:consonants-denasalization]].
|
||||
#+name: table:consonants-denasalization
|
||||
#+caption: Denasalization Table for Proto-Ñyqy Consonants
|
||||
| <c> | <c> |
|
||||
| Nasal Consonant | Non-Nasal Consonant |
|
||||
|-----------------+---------------------|
|
||||
| n | z |
|
||||
| m | w |
|
||||
| ñ | b |
|
||||
|
||||
It has also been found a schwa tends to appear between syllables when
|
||||
the first one ends with two consonants and the second one begins with
|
||||
one.
|
||||
|
||||
*** Consonantal Dorsal Alternation
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
@ -654,17 +714,22 @@ it seems probable according to Maeln’s theory consonants were
|
||||
alternating between dorsals and non-dorsals. We do not know if it only
|
||||
happened between words, within words, or along whole clauses, but this
|
||||
would explain much of the different languages that evolved from
|
||||
Proto-Ñyqy. Table [[word-consonantal-dorsal-alternation]] shows different
|
||||
possible pronunciation of Proto-Ñyqy words with word-wise consonantal
|
||||
dorsal alternation whether the first consonant is to be considered a
|
||||
dorsal consonant or not.
|
||||
Proto-Ñyqy. Table [[table:word-consonantal-dorsal-alternation]] shows
|
||||
different possible pronunciation of Proto-Ñyqy words with word-wise
|
||||
consonantal dorsal alternation whether the first consonant is to be
|
||||
considered a dorsal consonant or not. Note the nasal switch as well as
|
||||
the extra schwa insertion in the third example as described above in
|
||||
chapter
|
||||
§[[#Structural-Overview-Phonotactics-Syllable-Structure-hhx3zk40f8j0]].
|
||||
|
||||
#+name: word-consonantal-dorsal-alternation
|
||||
#+name: table:word-consonantal-dorsal-alternation
|
||||
#+caption: Different Possible Pronunciation of Proto-Ñyqy Words
|
||||
| <c> | <c> | <c> |
|
||||
| Word | Dorsal-Initial | Dorsal-Final |
|
||||
|--------------+----------------+--------------|
|
||||
|-----------------+---------------------+--------------------|
|
||||
| {{{recon(pœwec)}}} | {{{phon(*pɤwɛt͡ʃ)}}} | {{{phon(*pɤvɛc)}}} |
|
||||
| {{{recon(zebec)}}} | {{{phon(*zɛg͡bɛt͡ʃ)}}} | {{{phon(*ʝɛbɛc)}}} |
|
||||
| {{{recon(ñocm noc)}}} | {{{phon(*ɴɔt͡ʃŋ͡m ə ɦɔc)}}} | {{{phon(*ɦɔcm ə ɴot͡ʃ)}}} |
|
||||
|
||||
** Word Structure :noexport:
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
@ -1082,6 +1147,12 @@ dorsal consonant or not.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: Dictionnaire-B-ae79d268
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
- {{{recon(beñ)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) tooth/teeth
|
||||
- {{{recon(bin)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) something bad, badness
|
||||
2. (n) mischief, ill-will, maliciousness
|
||||
3. (n) dirtiness
|
||||
|
||||
** C
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
@ -1119,11 +1190,20 @@ dorsal consonant or not.
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: Dictionnaire-N-0ef6f2af
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
- {{{recon(noc)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) old age
|
||||
2. (n) elderly person
|
||||
- {{{recon(núc)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) youth
|
||||
2. (n) youngster, teenager
|
||||
|
||||
** Ñ
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: Dictionnaire-Ñ-ff7a574f
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
- {{{recon(ñocm)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) human being
|
||||
2. (n) someone
|
||||
- {{{recon(ñe)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) house
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1191,8 +1271,7 @@ dorsal consonant or not.
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: Dictionnaire-Z-144a2853
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
- {{{recon(zebec)}}} :: {{{def}}}
|
||||
1. (n) bongo
|
||||
|
||||
1. (n) bongo (antelope)
|
||||
* Footnotes
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: Footnotes-uybi3030e5j0
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,3 +7,5 @@
|
||||
- archived
|
||||
- [[file:archived/hjelp.org][Hjelp]]
|
||||
- [[file:archived/matter.org][Mattér]]
|
||||
- en
|
||||
- [[file:en/proto-nyqy.org][The Proto-Ñyqy People]]
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user