Orthography fix, some more translation
This commit is contained in:
Phuntsok Drak-pa
parent
ce0f590987
commit
5b4666562b
158
en/nyqy.org
158
en/nyqy.org
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
|
|||
# -*- org-confirm-babel-evaluate: nil -*-
|
||||
#+TITLE: Grammar of Ñyqy
|
||||
#+include: ../headers/head-lvl1.org
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta name="description" content="Detailed grammar of the Ňyqy constructed language" />
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammar of Ňyqy" />
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:description" content="Detailed grammar of the Ňyqy constructed language" />
|
||||
#+language: en
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta name="description" content="Detailed grammar of the Ñyqy constructed language" />
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:title" content="Grammar of Ñyqy" />
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:description" content="Detailed grammar of the Ñyqy constructed language" />
|
||||
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/nyqy.css"/>
|
||||
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
|
||||
#+MACRO: nyqy (eval (conlanging/nyqy-to-phonetics "$1"))
|
||||
|
|
@ -90,19 +91,19 @@
|
|||
are the only chapters that have not been written as if this were an in-world
|
||||
document.
|
||||
|
||||
** Introduction to Ňyqy as a conlang
|
||||
** Introduction to Ñyqy as a conlang
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-8aa14ca5-6a1c-4e03-b30a-75bd90452308
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
The {{{nyqy(Ñyqy)}}} language is a very simple language I created with the aim of
|
||||
creating a prototype language, or /proto-lang/. Although some features you
|
||||
creating a prototype language, or /protolang/. Although some features you
|
||||
will encounter later can be surprising, I do not aim for it to become as
|
||||
natural as other naturalistic languages, or /natlangs/. Rather, this one is
|
||||
simple enough to quickly learn its grammar, syntax, morphology and phonology,
|
||||
but it is also complex enough for people to be able to actually the language
|
||||
for simple sentences. However, don’t expect it to be developed too in-depth.
|
||||
|
||||
** Introduction to Ňyqy as a real language
|
||||
** Introduction to Ñyqy as a real language
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-ad4d6a0c-e05b-4c28-98c6-baec9e843e96
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
|
@ -117,8 +118,8 @@
|
|||
|
||||
However, although we cannot go back that far in time to discover this unknown
|
||||
part of our history, we are able to somewhat go back in time for a few
|
||||
milleniums, and discover languages that were spoken then. This time machine
|
||||
we call linguistics is fueled by our contemporary languages and old, dead
|
||||
millennia, and discover languages that were spoken then. This time machine we
|
||||
call linguistics is fueled by our contemporary languages and old, dead
|
||||
languages we know about thanks to various documentation, both from our
|
||||
current era and from the Old Era. Thanks to comparative linguistics, a great
|
||||
number of my colleagues and predecessors were able, by comparing languages
|
||||
|
|
@ -133,7 +134,7 @@
|
|||
idea of what these languages were like, and through these languages we have a
|
||||
tiny window through which we can guess what civilisations were like during
|
||||
this period. And the furthest we ever went, the oldest language we know about
|
||||
is {{{nyqy(Ňyqy)}}}. This language is between eight and eleven thousand years old,
|
||||
is {{{nyqy(Ñyqy)}}}. This language is between eight and eleven thousand years old,
|
||||
it was spoken in one of the birthplaces of civilisation, and it is the mother
|
||||
of about half the languages spoken throughout the world. Several of my
|
||||
colleagues both from the past or from the present have already made some
|
||||
|
|
@ -141,21 +142,21 @@
|
|||
colleagues in their works, and this has been a great honor.
|
||||
|
||||
However, working on this topic made me face a reality I was not aware of only
|
||||
a few years ago which might be critical for anyone studying the Ňyqy
|
||||
a few years ago which might be critical for anyone studying the Ñyqy
|
||||
language: there are no book in which we can find everything ever known, that
|
||||
was ever discovered about the language, all in one single work. If anyone is
|
||||
interested in the Ňyqy language, they currently have to go through hundreds
|
||||
interested in the Ñyqy language, they currently have to go through hundreds
|
||||
if not thousands of books, papers and other media in order to find the
|
||||
information they are searching for, and this lack of centralization of the
|
||||
information about this language sometimes turns out as a nightmare for
|
||||
students and professors alike. I think I even might be safe saying most of
|
||||
the work we do as Ňyqy specialists is not dedicated to the language or its
|
||||
the work we do as Ñyqy specialists is not dedicated to the language or its
|
||||
culture, but just finding the right information.
|
||||
|
||||
When I realized that, I shared my thoughts with my friend and colleague
|
||||
Q. Rhȩte about this, and we came to an agreement: we would spend as much time
|
||||
Q. Rhete about this, and we came to an agreement: we would spend as much time
|
||||
as necessary to make a compendium of all the knowledge we currently have on
|
||||
the Ňyqy people. While she will work on the cultural aspect, I will be
|
||||
the Ñyqy people. While she will work on the cultural aspect, I will be
|
||||
working on the language itself. And of course, as both subjects are closely
|
||||
tied together, we will be helping each other. While I will be including a
|
||||
very short version of her work in the following chapters, she will do the
|
||||
|
|
@ -166,89 +167,96 @@
|
|||
their quest for knowledge as much as it helped us during the time we wrote
|
||||
this. /né_{4}Hje_{2}lpel/
|
||||
|
||||
** Conventions typographiques
|
||||
** Conventions
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-410ccf5a-d5eb-436b-b3f4-a0a4bb4249e9
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
Dans ce document seront utilisé certaines conventions typographiques, dont
|
||||
des gloses grammaticales inter-lignes[fn:4], une étoile ~*~ précédant des
|
||||
éléments linguistiques considérés comme erronés, un point d’interrogation ~?~
|
||||
afin de marquer des éléments linguistiques questionnables, ou bien dans les
|
||||
gloses une utilisation du chiffre zéro ~0~ afin de marquer une absence d’un
|
||||
ou plusieurs éléments.
|
||||
In this document, I will make use of some conventions you can usually find in
|
||||
other linguistic books, such as interlinear grammatical glosses, preceding
|
||||
stars =*= indicating erroneous or theoretical but unattested linguistic
|
||||
elements, a preceding question mark =?= to mark questionable elements, or the
|
||||
zero number =0= to indicate the absence of one or several elements.
|
||||
|
||||
** Liste d’abbréviations
|
||||
** Abbreviation list
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-a5c14a00-99bb-48f9-8441-2b7624ccb1f0
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
* La culture, l’histoire, le contexte sociolinguistique du Ñyqy
|
||||
* The Cultural, Ecological and Sociolinguistic Context of Ñyqy
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-362fe960-94ae-42e2-8db3-54d52c7de175
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
** Le peuple, son regard sur lui-même
|
||||
This part will be an (rather long) abstract from /The Ñyqy People/ from my
|
||||
colleague Q. Rhęte, a book about the culture of this people compiling all
|
||||
knowledge available at that time on the subject. I strongly encourage you to
|
||||
read it if you intend to study Ñyqy in order to know in which context this
|
||||
language was use. Below you will only have a short version of this work which
|
||||
is the absolute minimum any Ñyqy student should know, but again, you should
|
||||
definitively get the book itself.
|
||||
|
||||
** The people, its self image
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-6b729f0a-7131-443b-8ef3-ddfbaa23c65d
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
Peu de choses sont connues sur le peuple, du fait de sa distance avec nous,
|
||||
et du fait du peu d’éléments dont nous disposons directement ou
|
||||
indirectement. Beaucoup de nos connaissances actuelles nous parviennent soit
|
||||
des écrits survivants de l’Ère précédente, soit de recherches archéologiques,
|
||||
soit de recherches linguistiques.
|
||||
Few things are known about the Ñyqy people due to how distant it is from us,
|
||||
and due to how little amount of elements we have as direct knowledge from
|
||||
them if any. Most of our knowledge comes from works from scholars from the
|
||||
Old Era, and most of the knowledge from our era comes from analyzing even
|
||||
further the various pieces of evidence we could get from the Old Era and
|
||||
archaeological researches.
|
||||
|
||||
Le nom de la langue fut choisi par des linguistes de l’Ère ancienne, très
|
||||
probablement du fait de la signification du mot : « nous ». Il semblerait
|
||||
également que le terme ait été utilisé par le peuple {{{nyqy(Ñyqy)}}} pour se
|
||||
désigner lui-même, mais nous disposons de trop peu de preuve afin de pouvoir
|
||||
affirmer cela avec certitude. Le terme s’analyse en deux morphèmes basiques,
|
||||
{{{nyqy(ñy)}}} et {{{nyqy(qy)}}}. Le terme {{{nyqy(ñy)}}} est le pronom personel du singulier,
|
||||
et {{{nyqy(qy)}}} qui le suit a plusieurs utilisations, le chiffre /6/ (le
|
||||
{{{nyqy(Ñyqy)}}} est une langue dont le système numérique est un système hybride
|
||||
entre une base six et une base treize) ou bien la pluralité, ici
|
||||
infléchissant le {{{nyqy(ñy)}}} afin de former la première personne du pluriel.
|
||||
The name of the language has been chosen by linguists of the Old Era, most
|
||||
likely due to its meaning: “us”. It seems like this term could have been used
|
||||
by the {{{nyqy(Ñyqy)}}} people to designate themselves, but we have too little
|
||||
proofs of this to say it with certainty. This words can be analyzed as two
|
||||
basic morphemes, {{{nyqy(ñy)}}} and {{{nyqy(qy)}}}. The former is the first person
|
||||
singular personal pronoun, and the latter is the Ñyqy term for “six”[fn:5]
|
||||
which is used here to mark plurality, and hence the first person plural
|
||||
personal pronoun.
|
||||
|
||||
Il est à noter que le nom de cette langue est traditionellement écrite en un
|
||||
seul mot, cependant et comme nous le verrons plus tard, il s’agit d’une
|
||||
mauvaise habitude : chaque élément peut être analysé individuellement et peut
|
||||
donc être considéré comme mots séparés, d’où la néographie « Ñy Qy » que
|
||||
certains de mes collègues utilisent, tentant de corriger cette erreur
|
||||
maintenant multi-centenaire. Bien que je salue leur initiative je continuerai
|
||||
de nommer cette langue « Ñyqy » dans cet ouvrage afin de suivre la norme et
|
||||
afin de ne pas rendre confus certaines personnes n’ayant jamais rencontré
|
||||
cette néographie, et je présente mes excuses à ces collègues.
|
||||
It should be reminded the name of this language, /Ñyqy/, is traditionally
|
||||
written as a single word; however, this should be labeled as a bad habit.
|
||||
Indeed, each of its components can and should be considered as individual
|
||||
words, hence the neography /Ňy Qy/ which is already in use by some of my
|
||||
colleagues. Although I appreciate their initiative, I will keep using the
|
||||
spelling /Ñyqy/ in this work in order to follow the norm most of us follow
|
||||
and have followed for centuries in order not to confuse potential readers who
|
||||
do not know about this rather new spelling. Some people also refer to /Ñyqy/
|
||||
as /proto-Ñyqy/, but I find this naming redundant, is rare overall, and is
|
||||
used only if one wants to insist on the nature of the language as a
|
||||
prototypical one.
|
||||
|
||||
Parfois, d’autres personnes s’y référeront en tant que « proto-Ñyqy », ou
|
||||
« proto Ñy Qy », mais cette dénomination est plutôt rare étant donné
|
||||
l’abscence totale d’autres langues nommées « Ñyqy ». Elle n’est généralement
|
||||
utilisée que si le locuteur souhaite insister sur la nature de la langue
|
||||
comme langue mère de sa famille.
|
||||
|
||||
** Recherches précédentes
|
||||
** Previous research
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-15a213ff-d8f9-479b-a426-08d65de30d5d
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
Comme mentionné plus tôt, le Ñyqy est l’objet depuis fort longtemps de
|
||||
recherches linguistiques, tout d’abord par des linguistes hélas aujourd’hui
|
||||
anonymes ayant vécus lors de l’Ère précédente. Leurs connaissances étaient
|
||||
sans doute beaucoup plus vastes que ce que nous avons pu récupérer,
|
||||
probablement similaires à celles dont nous disposons aujourd’hui, mais comme
|
||||
tout le monde le sait, seul peu de témoignages de cette époque ont pu nous
|
||||
parvenir, et les restes de l’Université de Ðbńo relève du miracle
|
||||
archéologique.
|
||||
As mentioned earlier, Ñyqy is the subject of constant linguistic research,
|
||||
first by linguists from the Old Era, most of them who unfortunately are
|
||||
nameless today. Their knowledge of Ñyqy was undoubtedly vastly more important
|
||||
than the knowledge we have about it today, but we should consider it a
|
||||
miracle so much of their knowledge survived and was saved from the ruins of
|
||||
their past universities discovered two hundred years ago.
|
||||
|
||||
Ces premières recherches, une fois traduites, ont servi de base aux deux
|
||||
derniers siècles de recherche en direction du Ñyqy, avec notamment les
|
||||
recherches du Pr Loqbrekh (3489) le siècle dernier qui a réalisé d’importants
|
||||
progrès sur l’étude de cette langue grâce à l’addition de l’analyse du
|
||||
Énanonn, ainsi que les études du Pr Khorlan (3598) qui, il y a cinq ans, a
|
||||
également énormément fait progresser les recherches grâce à ses travaux sur
|
||||
le Tãso. Je me reposerai principalement sur leurs recherches afin de rédiger
|
||||
cet ouvrage, ainsi que leurs références diverses.
|
||||
This knowledge, once translated, served as the base knowledge for our
|
||||
research for the last two centuries, including our knowledge about the Ñyqy
|
||||
language. Our contemporary colleague we have to thank the most is
|
||||
Pr. Loqbrekh with his thesis from 3489 and who dedicated his life to the
|
||||
restoration of the lost knowledge of this language. Officially, the last
|
||||
segment about this topic was translated in 3524, and to this day, 3664,
|
||||
linguists use comparative linguistics to study further Ñyqy. We also have to
|
||||
thank Pr. Khorlan (3598) who made a great deal of discoveries by linking the
|
||||
Énanonn language to Ñyqy, and Pr. Lero who compared the evolution of Ñyqy
|
||||
with the evolution of Tãso (3601). This work will mostly rely on their
|
||||
papers, although many more will be used, mainly from the University of Ðbńo
|
||||
and the General Study Assembly of Lormel.
|
||||
|
||||
** Ethnologie
|
||||
** Ethnology
|
||||
:PROPERTIES:
|
||||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-dec628cc-50e8-4370-889d-e54b2a2e2280
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
It is good to remind the reader that we have very little knowledge about the
|
||||
Ñyqy people that come from direct proof and
|
||||
|
||||
Ce qui suit est un résumé de ce que l’on sait sur le peuple Ñyqy. Pour plus
|
||||
de détails, vous pouvez vous référer à l’ouvrage /Le peuple Ñyqy/ de
|
||||
K. Yerth, 3404. Un avertissement est tout de même nécessaire :
|
||||
|
|
@ -1272,6 +1280,10 @@
|
|||
:CUSTOM_ID: h-defe47b2-686b-4d1c-ba9b-c84e6c482478
|
||||
:END:
|
||||
|
||||
[fn:5] It is to be noted the Ñyqy people used a hybrid number system, with which
|
||||
units were counted with a base 6 system, and higher numbers than 6 were counted
|
||||
with a base 12 system, except for its units.
|
||||
|
||||
[fn:4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlinear_gloss
|
||||
|
||||
[fn:3] [[https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart]]
|
||||
|
|
@ -1279,3 +1291,5 @@
|
|||
[fn:2] [[https://phundrak.fr]]
|
||||
|
||||
[fn:1] https://langue.phundrak.fr
|
||||
|
||||
# LocalWords: Rhete né Hje lpel neography Ňy Qy proto
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Reference in New Issue