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<h1 class="title">Une Grammaire du Ňyqy</h1>
<p>
</p>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-45733210-18dc-486a-858a-0af1d438d285">1. Avant-propos</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-2fbe549b-7190-4426-b35f-8c98682deb63">2. Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-4bb192b0-55d3-43f2-94c0-408cb5cc21d9">2.1. Le nom de la langue</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-07afd07d-322c-40f3-996e-fdee03621138">2.2. Dialectes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h-256a0004-69b5-4610-9e74-e16468d25d57">3. Phonologie</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-143a697c-d3f1-41d2-abed-f57dc4d44f75">3.1. Notes sur la transcription du Ňyqy</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-ec81157c-3665-4166-88a6-6c2851ca8d1c">3.2. Inventaire phonétique</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-5d0551dc-9e28-4f19-9df7-f0dc15022d13">3.2.1. Consonnes</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-0965f65a-4124-414e-b542-b92468c484a1">3.2.2. Voyelles</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h-19816428-bd33-40a2-a682-acc2d0afe668">3.3. Allophonie</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-091330c2-3def-4188-a4e8-575489780095">3.4. Phonotaxes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-7773e3ad-be7c-4f86-a799-17f515082504">3.4.1. Attaque</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-78514e2b-d422-4253-bec1-48056aaac2aa">3.4.2. Coda</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-27934bfb-0050-4c8e-b89d-e9977fe318cc">3.4.3. Inter-syllabe</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h-3f8bdebe-b8ec-48c2-bbad-ed5fa28786bf">3.5. Accentuation</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-46a4bc1b-156e-4c7b-ac36-6c2e13ccda21">3.6. Accents régionaux</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h-fe5337ed-1549-42cb-a622-7cae04b17268">4. Topologie morphologique</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-3538358d-9f9c-412f-9679-6ada0b463058">5. Classes de mots</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-36798ce1-3ac3-46e7-8cd5-d5145cad79a0">5.1. Noms</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-a67b4578-a95e-49c8-a6bf-2e145034bcfe">5.1.1. Nombre</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-e7917590-9437-4b97-94f8-c7bd3e2a9ca3">5.1.2. Genre</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-941ff5ab-91fb-438a-af74-5f91f6ddb43b">5.1.3. Possession</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-9b3e32cb-bf38-4afb-bc2d-e1b71c1c13c9">5.1.4. Relations grammaticales</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-9a0df31c-0f4e-4d37-8c10-54252000d270">5.1.5. Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-7cf437e4-d682-4ae8-bd8b-1668c4d18b15">5.1.6. Types de noms</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-f184bb3d-f1c7-4080-a588-9fc3ee39acba">5.1.6.1. Noms propres</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-c47b2a5d-647f-482f-a609-f2d803b69745">5.1.6.2. Noms de masse</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h-7553bd34-a559-4b0c-8cb7-e89258b01e3d">5.1.7. Pronoms</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-316c3e9e-99ae-4470-9d25-d5bcf86b0122">5.1.7.1. Personnels</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-1a2044e4-5981-4bd3-94bb-c08fe231fe5b">5.1.7.2. Relatifs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h-744a5061-025c-4a75-954e-ab1e5a441292">5.2. Verbes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h-952844f0-d29f-464a-8b24-34debafa13e3">5.2.1. Infinitif</a></li>
<li><a href="#h-89c9967e-83ac-4eb9-a661-e3fdede7b483">5.2.2. Nominalisation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org2d9773b">5.3. Adjectifs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc652784">5.4. Adverbes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org391735b">6. Ordre des constituants basiques</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org587be94">6.1. Clauses principales</a></li>
<li><a href="#org2be4ad4">6.2. Phrase prépositionnelles</a></li>
<li><a href="#org54941d2">6.3. Phrases nominales</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orge48f94a">6.3.1. Modificateurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd42116b">6.3.2. Constructions génitives</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd11e92c">6.3.3. Clauses relatives</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org9eaeeb5">6.4. Phrases verbales</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4d4840e">6.5. Comparatifs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc790518">6.6. Résumé</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org66f8c93">7. Prédicats nominaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfce80a0">8. Phrases existentielles, locationnelles et possessives</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga4fcd4c">9. Expression des relations grammaticales</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orge83ad18">9.1. Déclinaison Noms</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org4c9019a">9.1.1. Déclinaison</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org966a078">9.1.1.1. Noms masculins forts</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgcaf67da">9.1.2. Possession</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgdfbf8b4">9.2. Déclinaison — Pronoms</a></li>
<li><a href="#org84b9b72">9.3. Accord des verbes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org28477f4">9.3.1. Indicatif</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org717feb8">9.3.1.1. Perfectif</a></li>
<li><a href="#org752f09f">9.3.1.2. Imperfectif</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org685a4ab">9.3.2. Impératif</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgab542b2">9.3.3. Jussif</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7545c5b">9.3.4. Participes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org45d8a09">9.4. Déclinaison et accord des adjectifs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org511fe57">9.4.1. Nominalisation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org2ae23c6">10. Temps, aspects et modes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgcf8763e">10.1. Temps</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb4c1f3d">10.2. Aspect</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3002f37">10.3. Modaux auxiliaires</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgaf9ac2f">10.4. Causatif</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org711465f">10.4.1. Causatif lexical</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9a38b24">10.4.2. Causatif analytique</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org1736c91">10.5. Passif</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5590391">10.6. Réflexif</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd7dc078">10.7. Réciproque</a></li>
<li><a href="#org81e8b3f">10.8. Questions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org5960648">10.8.1. Question absolue (oui/non)</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3371cc5">10.8.2. Question relative</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org94a0918">10.9. Impératif</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgf071959">11. Négation</a></li>
<li><a href="#org188935f">12. Combination de clauses</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org9fe725f">12.1. Clauses relatives</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc4f40cd">12.2. Verbes en série</a></li>
<li><a href="#org67757f7">12.3. Clauses de complément</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org1207c07">12.3.1. Compléments de stems basiques</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf747abb">12.3.2. Compléments &lt;tél&gt; et &lt;þiv&gt;</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org57ff4d1">12.4. Clauses adverbiales</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3496ec7">12.5. Coordination</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org87af57c">13. Structures marquées pragmatiquement</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga0eef2d">14. Nombres</a></li>
<li><a href="#org93d6092">15. Glossaire</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgdee711a">15.1. Actions physiques</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcd7598f">15.2. Amour</a></li>
<li><a href="#org50b19e8">15.3. Animaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org39f209d">15.4. Art</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgdb006df">15.4.1. Écriture</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7a15ac5">15.4.2. Visuel</a></li>
<li><a href="#org7e26d5e">15.4.3. Audio</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org6d83c1c">15.5. Astronomie</a></li>
<li><a href="#org32d510d">15.6. Bâtiments</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgffa6e63">15.6.1. La ville</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd286251">15.6.2. Les types de bâtiments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgfe62fa9">15.7. Commerce</a></li>
<li><a href="#org476e19a">15.8. Conflits</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb408bcc">15.9. Conteneurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#org78c8ec8">15.10. Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="#org87661bf">15.11. Couleurs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb2c46a0">15.12. Dimensions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org76759d8">15.12.1. Distance</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf5e0d70">15.12.2. Taille</a></li>
<li><a href="#org4236c3f">15.12.3. Quantifieurs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org8468d7b">15.13. Direction</a></li>
<li><a href="#org900145a">15.14. Eau</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9246a1f">15.15. Effort</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3d8bfc0">15.16. Éléments</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge919037">15.17. Émotions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfbe42be">15.18. Évaluation</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc1a535b">15.19. Événements</a></li>
<li><a href="#org63883cd">15.20. Existence</a></li>
<li><a href="#org283035b">15.21. Forme</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge567733">15.22. Gouvernement</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc57d751">15.23. Grammaire</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgfc8699c">15.23.1. Articles définis</a></li>
<li><a href="#orga73d94a">15.23.2. Déterminants démonstratifs</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgb1c232b">15.23.3. Outils interrogatifs</a></li>
<li><a href="#org23a8e81">15.23.4. Conjonctions</a></li>
<li><a href="#org512755e">15.23.5. Prépositions</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgce9768b">15.23.6. Pronoms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgfe5362a">15.24. Guerre</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfbe5346">15.25. Légal</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgfedf390">15.26. Lieux</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org858b4ce">15.26.1. Villes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgede9047">15.27. Lumière</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf69aec4">15.28. Mental</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgc1773e5">15.29. Mesures</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcc37cb5">15.30. Métaux</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1d026b0">15.31. Mouvements</a></li>
<li><a href="#org0adc9ac">15.32. Nature</a></li>
<li><a href="#org77040b7">15.33. Nombres</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org44606e0">15.33.1. Nombres cardinaux</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org7b690a0">15.34. Nourriture</a></li>
<li><a href="#org50d3660">15.35. Outils</a></li>
<li><a href="#org8759778">15.36. Parenté</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org2fe0d87">15.36.1. Famille</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orge506094">15.37. Parole</a></li>
<li><a href="#org12e9095">15.38. Péchés</a></li>
<li><a href="#org316382b">15.39. Peuples</a></li>
<li><a href="#org14c86ca">15.40. Physique</a></li>
<li><a href="#orge9d7dc1">15.41. Possession</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgf92da29">15.42. Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="#org803c62c">15.43. Savoir</a></li>
<li><a href="#org1aaf199">15.44. Sensations</a></li>
<li><a href="#org3e3b6c3">15.45. Sexe</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9aaea70">15.46. Société</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgc82df39">15.46.1. Relations sociales</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org6d95201">15.47. Substances</a></li>
<li><a href="#org6536af3">15.48. Temps</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org17d8b1b">15.48.1. Jours de la semaine</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcaa54df">15.48.2. Saisons</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgd55cb9c">15.49. Travail</a></li>
<li><a href="#org83d4dc8">15.50. Végétaux</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org6a46cc7">15.50.1. Fruits</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orge9bf25c">15.51. Vêtements</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgd72edf1">15.52. Vie et santé</a></li>
<li><a href="#org734cbbb">15.53. À trier</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<div id="outline-container-orgcfe8b8b" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="h-45733210-18dc-486a-858a-0af1d438d285"><a id="orgcfe8b8b"></a><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Avant-propos</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-h-45733210-18dc-486a-858a-0af1d438d285">
<p>
La redistribution ou vente de ce document sont strictement interdits. Ce
document est protégé par la loi française sur le droit dauteur et appartient
entièrement et totalement à son auteur. Ce document est un document disponible
gratuitement au format web et pdf sur mon site web<sup><a id="fnr.1" class="footref" href="#fn.1">1</a></sup>. Si vous lavez
obtenu depuis une autre source, gratuitement ou non, merci de men faire part
en me contactant via mes réseaux sociaux ou par mail que vous trouverez sur
mon site principal<sup><a id="fnr.2" class="footref" href="#fn.2">2</a></sup>. Aucune personne, morale ou physique, nest à lheure
actuelle autorisée à redistribuer ces documents. Si vous êtes intéressés par
une redistribution de ce document, je vous invite à rentrer en contact avec
moi afin que lon en discute.
</p>
<p>
Ce document traite dune langue imaginaire que jai créé. Cependant, il sera
rédigé comme sil sagissait de la première tentative de description de la
langue par un linguiste la découvrant. Ainsi, si dans certains passages vous
pouvez lire « mais plus détudes sur le sujet sont nécessaires » ou « cet
aspect de la langue na pas encore été sujet à des analyses plus
approfondies », comprenez par cela que je nai pas encore travaillé sur ou
fini cette partie qui peut être sujet à des mises à jours dans le futur.
</p>
<p>
<code>Dernière mise à jour le 01/07/19 à 12:27</code>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf055d4e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="h-2fbe549b-7190-4426-b35f-8c98682deb63"><a id="orgf055d4e"></a><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-h-2fbe549b-7190-4426-b35f-8c98682deb63">
<p>
Le Ňyqy ( &frasl;ɴyqy&frasl; ou &frasl;ɴyʁy&frasl;) est une langue prototype
développée a priori. Sa grammaire est analytique, mettant un clair accent sur
la syntaxe plutôt que la morphologie quasiment absente. La langue restera
plutôt simple, et servira à développer suivant des processus naturels dautres
langues descendant du Ňyqy. Jai tout de même essayé de développer cette
langue de façon à autoriser des aspects naturels dans le Ňyqy, comme par
exemple son inventaire phonétique ou sa différentiation des temps, aspects et
modes, inspiré par la présentation de <a href="https://sites.google.com/view/joseph-windsor">Joseph Windsor</a> lors de la Language
Creation Conference 8.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbd1c79e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-4bb192b0-55d3-43f2-94c0-408cb5cc21d9"><a id="orgbd1c79e"></a><span class="section-number-3">2.1</span> Le nom de la langue</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-4bb192b0-55d3-43f2-94c0-408cb5cc21d9">
<p>
Le nom de la langue est le pronom personel de la première personne du pluriel
en Ňyqy, qui sanalyse par « ňy » signifiant <i>6</i> (le Ňyqy comptant en base
cinq, il sagit dun moyen de signifier la pluralité), ou <i>plusieurs</i>, ou
<i>beaucoup</i>, et « qy », signifiant <i>soi</i>, <i>moi</i>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org06ee4a4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-07afd07d-322c-40f3-996e-fdee03621138"><a id="org06ee4a4"></a><span class="section-number-3">2.2</span> Dialectes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-07afd07d-322c-40f3-996e-fdee03621138">
<p>
Plusieurs dialectes ou prononciations du Ňyqy sont possibles et sont
présentés dans le chapitre sur la phonologie
§<a href="#h-256a0004-69b5-4610-9e74-e16468d25d57">3</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org088b4d8" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="h-256a0004-69b5-4610-9e74-e16468d25d57"><a id="org088b4d8"></a><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Phonologie</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-h-256a0004-69b5-4610-9e74-e16468d25d57">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb1ebafc" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-143a697c-d3f1-41d2-abed-f57dc4d44f75"><a id="orgb1ebafc"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Notes sur la transcription du Ňyqy</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-143a697c-d3f1-41d2-abed-f57dc4d44f75">
<p>
Le Ňyqy étant une langue orale, aucune transcription historique nen existe.
Ainsi, seule la translittération présentée ici fait office dorthographe,
suivant de près la prononciation. La transcription phonétique de la langue
utilisant lIPA<sup><a id="fnr.3" class="footref" href="#fn.3">3</a></sup> est également possible, mais moins lisible je pense
pour le lecteur, alors que la translittération lui laissera le choix de
laccent avec lequel il souhaite lire le Ňyqy.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0914847" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-ec81157c-3665-4166-88a6-6c2851ca8d1c"><a id="org0914847"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> Inventaire phonétique</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-ec81157c-3665-4166-88a6-6c2851ca8d1c">
<p>
Linventaire phonétique du Ňyqy a été choisi suivant la méthode présentée par
Joseph Windsor lors le la LCC8, suivant un arbre de caractéristiques des
phonèmes présnets dans la langue.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd5a36a4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-5d0551dc-9e28-4f19-9df7-f0dc15022d13"><a id="orgd5a36a4"></a><span class="section-number-4">3.2.1</span> Consonnes</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-5d0551dc-9e28-4f19-9df7-f0dc15022d13">
<p>
Les consonnes standard du Ňyqy furent choisies suivant larbre des
caractéristiques suivant :
</p>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./img/nyqy_consonant_feature_tree.png" alt="Arbre des consonnes du Ňyqy" align="center">
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure&nbsp;1&nbsp;: </span>Arbre des caractéristiques des consonnes du Ňyqy</p>
</div>
<p>
Ainsi furent choisies ces consonnes :
</p>
<table>
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Tableau 1 :</span> Consonnes du Ňyqy (IPA)</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">bilablial</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alvéolaire</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">labial-velaire</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">uvulaire</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">plosif</td>
<td class="org-left">p b</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">q ɢ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">nasal</td>
<td class="org-left">m</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ɴ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fricatif</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">s z</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">affriqué</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">t͡ʃ d͡ʒ</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">spirant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">w</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Tableau 2 :</span> Consonnes du Ňyqy (translittération)</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">bilablial</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">alvéolaire</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">labial-velaire</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">uvulaire</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">plosif</td>
<td class="org-left">p b</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">q g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">nasal</td>
<td class="org-left">m</td>
<td class="org-left">n</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">ň</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fricatif</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">s z</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">affriqué</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">c j</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">spirant</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
<td class="org-left">w</td>
<td class="org-left">&#xa0;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0ed427b" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-0965f65a-4124-414e-b542-b92468c484a1"><a id="org0ed427b"></a><span class="section-number-4">3.2.2</span> Voyelles</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-0965f65a-4124-414e-b542-b92468c484a1">
<p>
De même que pour les consonnes, les voyelles furent également choisies
suivant un arbre de caractéristique des voyelles. Voici larbre choisi :
</p>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./img/nyqy_vowel_feature_tree.png" alt="Arbre des voyelles du Ňyqy" align="center">
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure&nbsp;2&nbsp;: </span>Arbre des caractéristiques des voyelles du Ňyqy</p>
</div>
<p>
Et voici les voyelles choisies à partir de cet arbre :
</p>
<table>
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Tableau 3 :</span> Voyelles du Ňyqy (IPA)</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">antérieures</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">postérieures</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fermées</td>
<td class="org-left">y</td>
<td class="org-left">u</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">pré-fermées</td>
<td class="org-left">ɪ</td>
<td class="org-left">ʊ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">mi-fermées</td>
<td class="org-left">ø</td>
<td class="org-left">ʌ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">mi-ouvertes</td>
<td class="org-left">ɛ</td>
<td class="org-left">ɔ</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<caption class="t-above"><span class="table-number">Tableau 4 :</span> Voyelles du Ňyqy (translittération)</caption>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">&#xa0;</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">antérieures</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">postérieures</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">fermées</td>
<td class="org-left">y</td>
<td class="org-left">ü</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">pré-fermées</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
<td class="org-left">u</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">mi-fermées</td>
<td class="org-left">ë</td>
<td class="org-left">ö</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">mi-ouvertes</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
<td class="org-left">o</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9d97122" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-19816428-bd33-40a2-a682-acc2d0afe668"><a id="org9d97122"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.3</span> Allophonie</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-19816428-bd33-40a2-a682-acc2d0afe668">
<p>
Il existe relativement peu de règles allophoniques connues en Ňyqy, cependant
quelques unes sont à peu près certaines :
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>V → [-tense] / {q,ɢ,ɴ}_</li>
<li>C<sub>1</sub> → [+geminated] / _C<sub>1</sub></li>
<li>C<sub>1</sub> → ∅ / C<sub>1</sub>_</li>
<li>{ɢ,q} → [+high] / V_V</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb7e79e6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-091330c2-3def-4188-a4e8-575489780095"><a id="orgb7e79e6"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.4</span> Phonotaxes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-091330c2-3def-4188-a4e8-575489780095">
<p>
Une syllabe typique en Mattér se présente sous la forme C(C)V(CC), suivant
les règles présentées ci-dessous.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4ce663a" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-7773e3ad-be7c-4f86-a799-17f515082504"><a id="org4ce663a"></a><span class="section-number-4">3.4.1</span> Attaque</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-7773e3ad-be7c-4f86-a799-17f515082504">
<p>
Lattaque des syllabes du Ňyqy suit les règles suivantes :
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Les consonnes non coronales peuvent être suivies par une consonne
coronale non sonorante.</li>
<li>Les consonnes coronales peuvent être suivies par une consonne non haute et
non coronale.</li>
<li>Toutes les consonnes peuvent être suivies par une consone sonorante
dorsale haute.</li>
<li>Les consonnes sonorantes, dorsales et hautes ne peuvent sassocier avec
dautres consonnes dans le coda.</li>
<li>Une voyelle haute ne peut pas suivre une consonne sonorante dorsale haute.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org48c005e" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-78514e2b-d422-4253-bec1-48056aaac2aa"><a id="org48c005e"></a><span class="section-number-4">3.4.2</span> Coda</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-78514e2b-d422-4253-bec1-48056aaac2aa">
<p>
Les règles du coda sont également simples :
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Les consonnes coronales non sonorantes peuvent être suivies par des
consonnes non coronales.</li>
<li>Les consonnes sonorantes, dorsales et hautes ne peuvent sassocier avec
dautres consonnes dans le coda.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org143f5ec" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-27934bfb-0050-4c8e-b89d-e9977fe318cc"><a id="org143f5ec"></a><span class="section-number-4">3.4.3</span> Inter-syllabe</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-27934bfb-0050-4c8e-b89d-e9977fe318cc">
<p>
Quelques règles se rajoutent aux règles précédentes pour les consonnes se
trouvent entre deux syllabes différentes :
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Les consonnes sonorantes et non-dorsales peuvent précéder toute autre
consonne à la condition que ces premières fassent partie du coda de la
première syllabe.</li>
<li>Si deux consonnes coronales non-dorsales se suivent, la seconde prendra le
voisement de la première. Si après cela, la seconde consonne se retrouve
identique à la première, alors la seconde devient silencieuse et la
première devient géminée.</li>
<li>Dans les autres cas, si une règle du coda est applicable entre la dernière
consonne de la première syllabe et la première consonne de la seconde
syllabe, la prononciation est conservée.</li>
<li>Si les règles précédentes ne sappliquent pas, il est supposé quun schwa
est ajouté afin de pouvoir rendre la syllabe prononcable.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org60bf984" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-3f8bdebe-b8ec-48c2-bbad-ed5fa28786bf"><a id="org60bf984"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.5</span> Accentuation</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-3f8bdebe-b8ec-48c2-bbad-ed5fa28786bf">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfa96c95" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-46a4bc1b-156e-4c7b-ac36-6c2e13ccda21"><a id="orgfa96c95"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.6</span> Accents régionaux</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-46a4bc1b-156e-4c7b-ac36-6c2e13ccda21">
<p>
Il est possible de rencontrer une variation de prononciation du Ňyqy suivant
ces modifications :
</p>
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<colgroup>
<col class="org-left">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">standard</th>
<th scope="col" class="org-left">variante</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">q</td>
<td class="org-left">χ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ɢ</td>
<td class="org-left">ʁ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">t͡ʃ</td>
<td class="org-left">k</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">d͡ʒ</td>
<td class="org-left">g</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ɴ</td>
<td class="org-left">ʀ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">p</td>
<td class="org-left">f</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">p</td>
<td class="org-left">ɸ</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">b</td>
<td class="org-left">v</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">b</td>
<td class="org-left">β</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">y</td>
<td class="org-left">i</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ø</td>
<td class="org-left">e</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ʌ</td>
<td class="org-left">o</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="org-left">ɛ</td>
<td class="org-left">a</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>
Dû à lancienneté de cette langue, il nexiste pas réellement de certitudes
quant aux règles faisant quun phonème était adopté plutôt quun autre, mais
il est relativement certain que les quatre premières variations allaient de
paire. Il est à peu près certain que si le « p » était prononcé
&frasl;f&frasl;, alors le « b » serait prononcé &frasl;v&frasl;, de même pour
&frasl;ɸ&frasl; et &frasl;β&frasl;. Il semblerait également que les deux
premières variations eut été très fréquentes, il est même possible que
&frasl;χ&frasl; et &frasl;ʁ&frasl; eurent été allophones de &frasl;q&frasl; et
&frasl;ɢ&frasl; respectivement.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0b136b1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="h-fe5337ed-1549-42cb-a622-7cae04b17268"><a id="org0b136b1"></a><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Topologie morphologique</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-h-fe5337ed-1549-42cb-a622-7cae04b17268">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org783677c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="h-3538358d-9f9c-412f-9679-6ada0b463058"><a id="org783677c"></a><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Classes de mots</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-h-3538358d-9f9c-412f-9679-6ada0b463058">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6ec0dce" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-36798ce1-3ac3-46e7-8cd5-d5145cad79a0"><a id="org6ec0dce"></a><span class="section-number-3">5.1</span> Noms</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-36798ce1-3ac3-46e7-8cd5-d5145cad79a0">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org21c3276" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-a67b4578-a95e-49c8-a6bf-2e145034bcfe"><a id="org21c3276"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.1</span> Nombre</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-a67b4578-a95e-49c8-a6bf-2e145034bcfe">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb048814" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-e7917590-9437-4b97-94f8-c7bd3e2a9ca3"><a id="orgb048814"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.2</span> Genre</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-e7917590-9437-4b97-94f8-c7bd3e2a9ca3">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org96754ab" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-941ff5ab-91fb-438a-af74-5f91f6ddb43b"><a id="org96754ab"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.3</span> Possession</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-941ff5ab-91fb-438a-af74-5f91f6ddb43b">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc858dec" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-9b3e32cb-bf38-4afb-bc2d-e1b71c1c13c9"><a id="orgc858dec"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.4</span> Relations grammaticales</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-9b3e32cb-bf38-4afb-bc2d-e1b71c1c13c9">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0d61537" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-9a0df31c-0f4e-4d37-8c10-54252000d270"><a id="org0d61537"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.5</span> Articles</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-9a0df31c-0f4e-4d37-8c10-54252000d270">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd5ed167" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-7cf437e4-d682-4ae8-bd8b-1668c4d18b15"><a id="orgd5ed167"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.6</span> Types de noms</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-7cf437e4-d682-4ae8-bd8b-1668c4d18b15">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0805620" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="h-f184bb3d-f1c7-4080-a588-9fc3ee39acba"><a id="org0805620"></a><span class="section-number-5">5.1.6.1</span> Noms propres</h5>
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-h-f184bb3d-f1c7-4080-a588-9fc3ee39acba">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2dd8a0a" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="h-c47b2a5d-647f-482f-a609-f2d803b69745"><a id="org2dd8a0a"></a><span class="section-number-5">5.1.6.2</span> Noms de masse</h5>
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-h-c47b2a5d-647f-482f-a609-f2d803b69745">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org79f3472" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-7553bd34-a559-4b0c-8cb7-e89258b01e3d"><a id="org79f3472"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.1.7</span> Pronoms</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-7553bd34-a559-4b0c-8cb7-e89258b01e3d">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7c2a9aa" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="h-316c3e9e-99ae-4470-9d25-d5bcf86b0122"><a id="org7c2a9aa"></a><span class="section-number-5">5.1.7.1</span> Personnels</h5>
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-h-316c3e9e-99ae-4470-9d25-d5bcf86b0122">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1020b27" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="h-1a2044e4-5981-4bd3-94bb-c08fe231fe5b"><a id="org1020b27"></a><span class="section-number-5">5.1.7.2</span> Relatifs</h5>
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-h-1a2044e4-5981-4bd3-94bb-c08fe231fe5b">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org548f479" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="h-744a5061-025c-4a75-954e-ab1e5a441292"><a id="org548f479"></a><span class="section-number-3">5.2</span> Verbes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-h-744a5061-025c-4a75-954e-ab1e5a441292">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8600131" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-952844f0-d29f-464a-8b24-34debafa13e3"><a id="org8600131"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.2.1</span> Infinitif</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-952844f0-d29f-464a-8b24-34debafa13e3">
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2ec5cbe" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="h-89c9967e-83ac-4eb9-a661-e3fdede7b483"><a id="org2ec5cbe"></a><span class="section-number-4">5.2.2</span> Nominalisation</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-h-89c9967e-83ac-4eb9-a661-e3fdede7b483">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2d9773b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2d9773b"><span class="section-number-3">5.3</span> Adjectifs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc652784" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc652784"><span class="section-number-3">5.4</span> Adverbes</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org391735b" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org391735b"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Ordre des constituants basiques</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org587be94" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org587be94"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> Clauses principales</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2be4ad4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org2be4ad4"><span class="section-number-3">6.2</span> Phrase prépositionnelles</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org54941d2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org54941d2"><span class="section-number-3">6.3</span> Phrases nominales</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge48f94a" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orge48f94a"><span class="section-number-4">6.3.1</span> Modificateurs</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd42116b" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgd42116b"><span class="section-number-4">6.3.2</span> Constructions génitives</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd11e92c" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgd11e92c"><span class="section-number-4">6.3.3</span> Clauses relatives</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9eaeeb5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9eaeeb5"><span class="section-number-3">6.4</span> Phrases verbales</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4d4840e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4d4840e"><span class="section-number-3">6.5</span> Comparatifs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc790518" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc790518"><span class="section-number-3">6.6</span> Résumé</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org66f8c93" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org66f8c93"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> Prédicats nominaux</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfce80a0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgfce80a0"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> Phrases existentielles, locationnelles et possessives</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga4fcd4c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga4fcd4c"><span class="section-number-2">9</span> Expression des relations grammaticales</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-9">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge83ad18" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge83ad18"><span class="section-number-3">9.1</span> Déclinaison Noms</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4c9019a" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org4c9019a"><span class="section-number-4">9.1.1</span> Déclinaison</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-9-1-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org966a078" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="org966a078"><span class="section-number-5">9.1.1.1</span> Noms masculins forts</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcaf67da" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgcaf67da"><span class="section-number-4">9.1.2</span> Possession</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdfbf8b4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdfbf8b4"><span class="section-number-3">9.2</span> Déclinaison — Pronoms</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org84b9b72" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org84b9b72"><span class="section-number-3">9.3</span> Accord des verbes</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org28477f4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org28477f4"><span class="section-number-4">9.3.1</span> Indicatif</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-9-3-1">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org717feb8" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="org717feb8"><span class="section-number-5">9.3.1.1</span> Perfectif</h5>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org752f09f" class="outline-5">
<h5 id="org752f09f"><span class="section-number-5">9.3.1.2</span> Imperfectif</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org685a4ab" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org685a4ab"><span class="section-number-4">9.3.2</span> Impératif</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgab542b2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgab542b2"><span class="section-number-4">9.3.3</span> Jussif</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7545c5b" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org7545c5b"><span class="section-number-4">9.3.4</span> Participes</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org45d8a09" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org45d8a09"><span class="section-number-3">9.4</span> Déclinaison et accord des adjectifs</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-9-4">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org511fe57" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org511fe57"><span class="section-number-4">9.4.1</span> Nominalisation</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2ae23c6" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org2ae23c6"><span class="section-number-2">10</span> Temps, aspects et modes</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-10">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcf8763e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgcf8763e"><span class="section-number-3">10.1</span> Temps</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb4c1f3d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb4c1f3d"><span class="section-number-3">10.2</span> Aspect</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3002f37" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3002f37"><span class="section-number-3">10.3</span> Modaux auxiliaires</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgaf9ac2f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgaf9ac2f"><span class="section-number-3">10.4</span> Causatif</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-10-4">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org711465f" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org711465f"><span class="section-number-4">10.4.1</span> Causatif lexical</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9a38b24" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org9a38b24"><span class="section-number-4">10.4.2</span> Causatif analytique</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1736c91" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1736c91"><span class="section-number-3">10.5</span> Passif</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5590391" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org5590391"><span class="section-number-3">10.6</span> Réflexif</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd7dc078" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd7dc078"><span class="section-number-3">10.7</span> Réciproque</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org81e8b3f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org81e8b3f"><span class="section-number-3">10.8</span> Questions</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-10-8">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5960648" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org5960648"><span class="section-number-4">10.8.1</span> Question absolue (oui/non)</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3371cc5" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org3371cc5"><span class="section-number-4">10.8.2</span> Question relative</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org94a0918" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org94a0918"><span class="section-number-3">10.9</span> Impératif</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf071959" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgf071959"><span class="section-number-2">11</span> Négation</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org188935f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org188935f"><span class="section-number-2">12</span> Combination de clauses</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-12">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9fe725f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9fe725f"><span class="section-number-3">12.1</span> Clauses relatives</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc4f40cd" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc4f40cd"><span class="section-number-3">12.2</span> Verbes en série</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org67757f7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org67757f7"><span class="section-number-3">12.3</span> Clauses de complément</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-12-3">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1207c07" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org1207c07"><span class="section-number-4">12.3.1</span> Compléments de stems basiques</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf747abb" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgf747abb"><span class="section-number-4">12.3.2</span> Compléments &lt;tél&gt; et &lt;þiv&gt;</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org57ff4d1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org57ff4d1"><span class="section-number-3">12.4</span> Clauses adverbiales</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3496ec7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3496ec7"><span class="section-number-3">12.5</span> Coordination</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org87af57c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org87af57c"><span class="section-number-2">13</span> Structures marquées pragmatiquement</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga0eef2d" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orga0eef2d"><span class="section-number-2">14</span> Nombres</h2>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org93d6092" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org93d6092"><span class="section-number-2">15</span> Glossaire</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-15">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdee711a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgdee711a"><span class="section-number-3">15.1</span> Actions physiques</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcd7598f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgcd7598f"><span class="section-number-3">15.2</span> Amour</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org50b19e8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org50b19e8"><span class="section-number-3">15.3</span> Animaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org39f209d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org39f209d"><span class="section-number-3">15.4</span> Art</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-4">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgdb006df" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgdb006df"><span class="section-number-4">15.4.1</span> Écriture</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7a15ac5" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org7a15ac5"><span class="section-number-4">15.4.2</span> Visuel</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7e26d5e" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org7e26d5e"><span class="section-number-4">15.4.3</span> Audio</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6d83c1c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6d83c1c"><span class="section-number-3">15.5</span> Astronomie</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org32d510d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org32d510d"><span class="section-number-3">15.6</span> Bâtiments</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-6">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgffa6e63" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgffa6e63"><span class="section-number-4">15.6.1</span> La ville</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd286251" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgd286251"><span class="section-number-4">15.6.2</span> Les types de bâtiments</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfe62fa9" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgfe62fa9"><span class="section-number-3">15.7</span> Commerce</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org476e19a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org476e19a"><span class="section-number-3">15.8</span> Conflits</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb408bcc" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb408bcc"><span class="section-number-3">15.9</span> Conteneurs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org78c8ec8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org78c8ec8"><span class="section-number-3">15.10</span> Corps</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org87661bf" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org87661bf"><span class="section-number-3">15.11</span> Couleurs</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb2c46a0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb2c46a0"><span class="section-number-3">15.12</span> Dimensions</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-12">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org76759d8" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org76759d8"><span class="section-number-4">15.12.1</span> Distance</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf5e0d70" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgf5e0d70"><span class="section-number-4">15.12.2</span> Taille</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4236c3f" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org4236c3f"><span class="section-number-4">15.12.3</span> Quantifieurs</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8468d7b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8468d7b"><span class="section-number-3">15.13</span> Direction</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org900145a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org900145a"><span class="section-number-3">15.14</span> Eau</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9246a1f" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9246a1f"><span class="section-number-3">15.15</span> Effort</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3d8bfc0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3d8bfc0"><span class="section-number-3">15.16</span> Éléments</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge919037" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge919037"><span class="section-number-3">15.17</span> Émotions</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfbe42be" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgfbe42be"><span class="section-number-3">15.18</span> Évaluation</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc1a535b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc1a535b"><span class="section-number-3">15.19</span> Événements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org63883cd" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org63883cd"><span class="section-number-3">15.20</span> Existence</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org283035b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org283035b"><span class="section-number-3">15.21</span> Forme</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge567733" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge567733"><span class="section-number-3">15.22</span> Gouvernement</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc57d751" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc57d751"><span class="section-number-3">15.23</span> Grammaire</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-23">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfc8699c" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgfc8699c"><span class="section-number-4">15.23.1</span> Articles définis</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga73d94a" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orga73d94a"><span class="section-number-4">15.23.2</span> Déterminants démonstratifs</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb1c232b" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgb1c232b"><span class="section-number-4">15.23.3</span> Outils interrogatifs</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org23a8e81" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org23a8e81"><span class="section-number-4">15.23.4</span> Conjonctions</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org512755e" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org512755e"><span class="section-number-4">15.23.5</span> Prépositions</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgce9768b" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgce9768b"><span class="section-number-4">15.23.6</span> Pronoms</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfe5362a" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgfe5362a"><span class="section-number-3">15.24</span> Guerre</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfbe5346" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgfbe5346"><span class="section-number-3">15.25</span> Légal</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgfedf390" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgfedf390"><span class="section-number-3">15.26</span> Lieux</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-26">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org858b4ce" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org858b4ce"><span class="section-number-4">15.26.1</span> Villes</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgede9047" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgede9047"><span class="section-number-3">15.27</span> Lumière</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf69aec4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgf69aec4"><span class="section-number-3">15.28</span> Mental</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc1773e5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgc1773e5"><span class="section-number-3">15.29</span> Mesures</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcc37cb5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgcc37cb5"><span class="section-number-3">15.30</span> Métaux</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1d026b0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1d026b0"><span class="section-number-3">15.31</span> Mouvements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org0adc9ac" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org0adc9ac"><span class="section-number-3">15.32</span> Nature</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org77040b7" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org77040b7"><span class="section-number-3">15.33</span> Nombres</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-33">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org44606e0" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org44606e0"><span class="section-number-4">15.33.1</span> Nombres cardinaux</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7b690a0" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org7b690a0"><span class="section-number-3">15.34</span> Nourriture</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org50d3660" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org50d3660"><span class="section-number-3">15.35</span> Outils</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org8759778" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org8759778"><span class="section-number-3">15.36</span> Parenté</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-36">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org2fe0d87" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org2fe0d87"><span class="section-number-4">15.36.1</span> Famille</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge506094" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge506094"><span class="section-number-3">15.37</span> Parole</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org12e9095" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org12e9095"><span class="section-number-3">15.38</span> Péchés</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org316382b" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org316382b"><span class="section-number-3">15.39</span> Peuples</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org14c86ca" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org14c86ca"><span class="section-number-3">15.40</span> Physique</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge9d7dc1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge9d7dc1"><span class="section-number-3">15.41</span> Possession</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgf92da29" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgf92da29"><span class="section-number-3">15.42</span> Religion</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org803c62c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org803c62c"><span class="section-number-3">15.43</span> Savoir</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1aaf199" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1aaf199"><span class="section-number-3">15.44</span> Sensations</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3e3b6c3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org3e3b6c3"><span class="section-number-3">15.45</span> Sexe</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9aaea70" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9aaea70"><span class="section-number-3">15.46</span> Société</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-46">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc82df39" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgc82df39"><span class="section-number-4">15.46.1</span> Relations sociales</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6d95201" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6d95201"><span class="section-number-3">15.47</span> Substances</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6536af3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org6536af3"><span class="section-number-3">15.48</span> Temps</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-48">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org17d8b1b" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org17d8b1b"><span class="section-number-4">15.48.1</span> Jours de la semaine</h4>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcaa54df" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgcaa54df"><span class="section-number-4">15.48.2</span> Saisons</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd55cb9c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd55cb9c"><span class="section-number-3">15.49</span> Travail</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org83d4dc8" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org83d4dc8"><span class="section-number-3">15.50</span> Végétaux</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-15-50">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6a46cc7" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org6a46cc7"><span class="section-number-4">15.50.1</span> Fruits</h4>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge9bf25c" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge9bf25c"><span class="section-number-3">15.51</span> Vêtements</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgd72edf1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgd72edf1"><span class="section-number-3">15.52</span> Vie et santé</h3>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org734cbbb" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org734cbbb"><span class="section-number-3">15.53</span> À trier</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footnotes">
<h2 class="footnotes">Notes de bas de page: </h2>
<div id="text-footnotes">
<div class="footdef"><sup><a id="fn.1" class="footnum" href="#fnr.1">1</a></sup> <div class="footpara"><p class="footpara">
<a href="https://langue.phundrak.fr">https://langue.phundrak.fr</a>
</p></div></div>
<div class="footdef"><sup><a id="fn.2" class="footnum" href="#fnr.2">2</a></sup> <div class="footpara"><p class="footpara">
<a href="https://phundrak.fr">https://phundrak.fr</a>
</p></div></div>
<div class="footdef"><sup><a id="fn.3" class="footnum" href="#fnr.3">3</a></sup> <div class="footpara"><p class="footpara">
<a href="https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart">https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart</a>
</p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2019-07-01 lun. 12:27</p>
<p class="validation"></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>