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#+setupfile: ../headers
* Dictionary
Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses
some abbreviations you should keep in mind:
- acc :: accusative
- adj :: adjective
- adv :: adverb
- art :: article
- aux :: auxiliary
- c :: common
- comp :: comparative
- conj :: conjunction
- Dan :: Danish
- dat :: dative
- def :: definite
- det :: determiner
- Eng :: English
- EON :: Early Old Norse
- f :: feminine
- gen :: genitive
- Ger :: German
- imp :: imperative
- in :: irregular noun
- ind :: indicative
- interr :: interrogative
- iv :: irregular verb
- m :: masculine
- mass :: mass noun
- ME :: Middle Eittlandic
- n :: neuter
- neg :: negative
- nom :: nominal
- Nor :: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
- num :: numeral
- OE :: Old Eittlandic
- OI :: Old Icelandic
- ON :: Old Norse
- pas :: passive
- pl :: plural
- pn :: proper noun
- prep :: preposition
- pret :: preterite
- pron :: pronoun
- sg :: singular
- sn :: strong noun
- stg :: strong
- sv :: strong verb
- Swe :: Swedish
- wk :: weak
- wn :: weak noun
- wv :: weak verb
Note that when a word is marked solely as /masculine/, /feminine/ or
/neutral/, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as /adj./ should
be added, for instance /f.adj./ for a feminine adjective.
All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard
Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other
dialects.
All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with
occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the
word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as
a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard
Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another
that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic
dialects lost the /ru/ part of the dat.pl. declention, going from /férum/
to /fém/, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the
former form.
Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but
are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of
the word and its surroundings. For instance, /dag/ can represent three
forms of the word: /dagr/, /dag/ and /daga/ (the /-r/ and /-a/ are silent in
Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced {{{phon(daɣ)}}} while the
other two are pronounced {{{phon(daj)}}}. They can also represent
grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic,
such as /dagr/. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it
doesn’t exist as /dagr/ in Standard Eittlandic, only as /dag/. The
underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite
form. For instance, /dagr/ becomes /dagann/ due to the underlying /-a/ in
its accusative form /dag(a)/ while /fiskr/ becomes /fiskinn/ (the «i» is
added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite
form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.
** A
*** alf
wn.m. {{{phon(ɑlf)}}}
1. power, might
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | alf | alfit | alfr | alfitr |
| Acc. | alf | alfit | alf | alfit |
| Dat. | alf | alfit | alfum | alfitum |
| Gen. | alfs | alfits | alfs | alfit |
*** all
{{{phon(ɑlː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#allr-A][allr]]
1. indef.pron. all, everyone, everything
2. adj.
1. all, whole or entire entity
#+html: ::: tip Example
Allt húsit er litit.
The house is completely painted.
| all-t | hús-it | er | lit-it |
| all-sg.n.NOM | house.NOM-DEF | to.be.3sg.pres | to.paint-part.adj.sg.n.NOM |
#+html: :::
2. all, complete group or set
#+html: ::: tip Example
Allar bátinn er í hávnin.
All the boats are in the harbour.
#+html: :::
3. all, full extent or duration
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Allar daginn var sólskinn.
All the days were sunny.
- Allr daginn er varmr ná!
The whole day is warm, isn’t it?
4. all, quite, entirely, completely
#+html: ::: tip Example
Þat er allt góðt!
It’s all good / alright!
#+html: :::
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | allr | allt |
| Acc. | all | allt |
| Dat. | allum | allum |
| Gen. | alls | alls |
| Pl.Nom. | allar | all |
| Acc. | all | all |
| Dat. | allum | allum |
| Gen. | allar | allr |
*** Alfshringinssagat
pn. {{{phon(ˈɑlfsˌr̥iŋinsˌsɑjɑt)}}}
1. The Rings of Power
*** almen
adj. {{{phon(ɑlmen)}}}
1. general, global
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+---------+---------|
| Sg.Nom. | almenn | almenar |
| Acc. | almenum | almenum |
| Dat. | almen | almen |
| Gen. | almen | almenar |
| Pl.Nom. | almens | almens |
| Acc. | almenum | almenum |
| Dat. | alment | almen |
| Gen. | alment | almenn |
*** annaman
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈɑnːɑˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#annar][annar]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]
1. someone else
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanitr |
| Acc. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanit |
| Dat. | annaman | annamanit | annamanum | annamanitum |
| Gen. | annamans | annamanits | annamans | annamanit |
*** annar
{{{phon(ɑnːɑr)}}}
1. other, different
*** aug(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ɔ̀j)}}}
1. eye
Alternative form: *ój*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | aug | augat | aug | augatr |
| Acc. | aug | augat | aug | augat |
| Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum |
| Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat |
*** automobil
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈɔtoˌmobel)}}}, from Ancient Greek [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek][αὐτός]] and Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mobilis#Latin][mōbilis]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]]
1. car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used
See [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] for declensions.
** Á
*** ábreið(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]]
1. bed covering, cover, bedspread
2. any kind of cloth used for beds
Alternative form: *ébreið(a)*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr |
| Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit |
| Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum |
| Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit |
*** áng
interj. {{{phon(ɛŋ)}}}
1. positive counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar
Alternative form: *éng*
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was
borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken
by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut /aang/ and
Proto-Eskimoan /*aa/ or /*ii/.
*** áð
adv. {{{phon(ɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1%C3%B0r][áðr]]
1. before, temporal precedence or higher priority
** B
*** bát
sn.m. {{{phon(bɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%A1tr][bátr]]
1. boat
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | bátr | bátinn | bátr | bátinn |
| Acc. | bát | bátin | bát | bátin |
| Dat. | bát | bátin | bátum | bátinum |
| Gen. | bátar | bátins | bátar | bátin |
*** bil
wn.n. {{{phon(βil)}}}, shortened from of [[file:./dictionary.md#automobil][automobil]]
1. car (motorcar, automobile)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | bil | bilit | bill | bilitr |
| Acc. | bil | bilit | bil | bilit |
| Dat. | bil | bilit | bilum | bilitum |
| Gen. | bils | bilits | bils | bilit |
*** bjálf(i)
wn.m. {{{phon(βjɛ̀lf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bj%C3%A1lfi][bjálfi]]
1. skin, fur (animals)
2. skin (human’s, colloquial)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfr | bjálfitr |
| Acc. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálf | bjálfit |
| Dat. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfum | bjálfitum |
| Gen. | bjálfs | bjálfits | bjálfs | bjálfit |
*** blá
adj. {{{phon(blɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bl%C3%A1r][blár]]
1. blue
2. cold (colour)
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | blár | blát |
| Acc. | blá | blát |
| Dat. | blámum | blámum |
| Gen. | blás | blás |
| Pl.Nom. | blárar | blá |
| Acc. | blá | blá |
| Dat. | blámum | blámum |
| Gen. | blárar | blár |
*** bleik
adj. {{{phon(blɑɪk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bleikr][bleikr]]
1. pinkish yellow
2. warm (colour)
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+---------+---------|
| Sg.Nom. | bleikr | bleikar |
| Acc. | bleikum | bleikum |
| Dat. | bleik | bleik |
| Gen. | bleik | bleikar |
| Pl.Nom. | bleiks | bleiks |
| Acc. | bleikum | bleikum |
| Dat. | bleikt | bleik |
| Gen. | bleikt | bleikr |
*** borð
sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}}
1. table
2. large plank
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr |
| Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit |
| Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum |
| Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit |
*** boðorð
sn.m. {{{phon(boðorð)}}}
1. a rule
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | boðorðr | boðorðinn | boðorðr | boðorðinn |
| Acc. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorð | boðorðin |
| Dat. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorðum | boðorðinum |
| Gen. | boðorðar | boðorðins | boðorðar | boðorðin |
*** boðorðsman
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈboðorðˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#boðorð][boðorð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]
1. judge
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------------+---------------+--------------+----------------|
| Nom. | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn |
| Acc. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin |
| Dat. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsmanum | boðorðsmaninum |
| Gen. | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanins | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanin |
*** borg
sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]]
1. city
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn |
| Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin |
| Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum |
| Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin |
*** bráð
sn.m. {{{phon(brɛð)}}}
Alternative form: *bréð*
See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]]
*** bróð(i)
sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]]
1. brother, plural /bráð/
Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular
etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bráðir/ which got
re-analyzed into /bráð/ + /-ir/.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bráðr | bráðinn |
| Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bráð | bráðin |
| Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bráðir | bráðinum |
| Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bráðum | bráðin |
*** brún
adj. {{{phon(bròn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%BAnn][brúnn]]
1. brown, dark red
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | brúnn | brúnt |
| Acc. | brún | brúnt |
| Dat. | brúnum | brúnum |
| Gen. | brúns | brúns |
| Pl.Nom. | brúnar | brún |
| Acc. | brún | brún |
| Dat. | brúnum | brúnum |
| Gen. | brúnar | brúnn |
*** bók(a)
sn.f. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]]
1. book, plural /bøk/
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann |
| Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan |
| Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum |
| Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan |
*** bøk
sn.f. {{{phon(bø̀k)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#bok(r)][/bók/]]
*** bú
wn.m. {{{phon(bò)}}}
1. dweller, neighbour
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+------+---------|
| Nom. | bú | búit | búr | búitr |
| Acc. | bú | búit | bú | búit |
| Dat. | bú | búit | búum | búitum |
| Gen. | bús | búits | bús | búit |
** C
** D
*** dag
sn.m. {{{phon(daɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dagr][dagr]]
1. natural day
2. day (unit of time), 24 hours
3. í dag: today
4. week day
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | dagr {{{phon(daɡr̩)}}} | daginn | dagr | daginn |
| Acc. | dag {{{phon(daɣ)}}} | dagin | dag | dagin |
| Dat. | dag {{{phon(daj)}}} | dagin | dagum | daginum |
| Gen. | dagar {{{phon(dajar)}}} | dagins | dagar | dagin |
Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of
the final «g» of /dag/ ends up differing even if the written form does
not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help
students remember how these different forms are pronounced.
*** dá-
prefix {{{phon(ˌdɛ̀)}}}, unknown etymology
1. adjective intensifier, /dáX/ is /very X/
*** djúp
adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr][djúpr]]
1. deep
2. profound (figuratively)
Alternative form: *djóp*
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | djúpr | djúpt |
| Acc. | djúp | djúpt |
| Dat. | djúpum | djúpum |
| Gen. | djúps | djúps |
| Pl.Nom. | djúpar | djúp |
| Acc. | djúp | djúp |
| Dat. | djúpum | djúpum |
| Gen. | djúpar | djúpr |
*** djúplig
adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see
ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]])
1. deeply
2. inherently
Alternative form: *djópleg*
*** dótt(i)
sn.f. {{{phon(dɔ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]]
1. daughter
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | dóttr | dóttinn | dœttr | dœttinn |
| Acc. | dótt | dóttin | dœtt | dœttin |
| Dat. | dótt | dóttin | dœttum | dœttinum |
| Gen. | dóttir | dóttins | dœttar | dœttin |
*** dyr(r)
sn.f. {{{phon(dyr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dyrr][dyrr]]
1. door
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | dyrr | dyrinn | dyrr | dyrinn |
| Acc. | dyr | dyrin | dyr | dyrin |
| Dat. | dyr | dyrin | dyrum | dyrinum |
| Gen. | dyrar | dyrins | dyrar | dyrin |
*** dýn(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDna][dýna]]
1. mattress
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr |
| Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat |
| Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum |
| Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat |
*** dýnsábreið(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀nsɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]]
1. blanket
Alternative form: *dønsébreið(a)*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] for declensions.
*** dýnskláð
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈdø̀nsˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]].
1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes”
Alternative form: *dǿnskléð*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions.
*** dœtt(i)
sn.f. {{{phon(dœ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]]
Plural of [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-i][dótt(i)]].
** E
*** edd(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(e:ðː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#edda][edda]]
1. great grandmother
2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann |
| Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan |
| Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum |
| Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan |
*** ef
adv. {{{phon(ef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ef-B][ef]]
1. if, in case, in case that
Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers
can infer the verbal phrase from it.
*** ei
Regional variation of [[file:./dictionary.md#eig][eig]].
*** eig
adv. {{{phon(ɑɪɣ)}}}, in some regions {{{phon(ɑɪ)}}} and written /ei/, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eigi][eigi]]
1. not, negative marker of a verb
*** ein(n)
{{{phon(ɑɪn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]]
1. num.
1. one (cardinal)
2. adj.
1. alone
2. single
3. pronoun.
1. one
2. a few, some (plural)
#+name: ein-declensions-pronoun
#+caption: Declension of /ein/ as a pronoun
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | einn | eininn | einn | eininn |
| Acc. | ein | einin | ein | einin |
| Dat. | ein | einin | einum | eininum |
| Gen. | einar | einins | einar | einin |
#+name: ein-declension-adj
#+caption: Declension of /ein/ as an adjective
| / | <r> | | |
| | | Common | Neuter |
|---+---------+--------+--------|
| | Sg.Nom. | einn | eitt |
| | Acc. | ein | eitt |
| | Dat. | einum | eitum |
| | Gen. | eins | eits |
| | Pl.Nom. | einar | eit |
| | Acc. | ein | eit |
| | Dat. | einum | eitum |
| | Gen. | einar | eitr |
*** Eittland
sn.n. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from
ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#land][land]]
1. High Kingdom of Eittland
2. island of Eittland
| | Sg. |
|------+-----------|
| Nom. | Eittland |
| Acc. | Eittland |
| Dat. | Eittland |
| Gen. | Eittlands |
*** eld
sn.m. {{{phon(eld)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eldr2][eldr]]
1. fire
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | eldr | eldinn | eldr | eldinn |
| Acc. | eld | eldin | eld | eldin |
| Dat. | eld | eldin | eldum | eldinum |
| Gen. | eldar | eldins | eldar | eldin |
*** ell(a)
{{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#eð][eð]]
1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
2. (conj.) or
*** en
conj. {{{phon(en)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#en2][en]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#nem][nem]]
1. yet, still
2. but (general purpose, links phrases as in English)
*** eng(i)
det. {{{phon(eŋ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ein-n][ein(n)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#i-g][-(i)g]]
1. no, not any
2. any (after negative or comparative)
For the indefinite pronoun usage, see [[file:grammar.md#indefinite-pronouns][Indefinite pronouns (grammar)]]
#+name: Declension of eng(i)
#+caption: eng-declension
| / | <r> | < | |
| | | Common | Neuter |
|---+---------+--------+--------|
| | Sg.Nom. | eng | ekk |
| | Acc. | eng | ekk |
| | Dat. | engum | eng |
| | Gen. | engrar | enks |
| | Pl.Nom. | engar | eng |
| | Acc. | eng | eng |
| | Dat. | engum | engum |
| | Gen. | engr | engr |
*** engin
indef.pron. {{{phon(eŋen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eingi][enginn]]
1. no one, none
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | enginn | ekkert |
| Acc. | engin | ekkert |
| Dat. | engum | eng |
| Gen. | engrar | engrar |
| Pl.Nom. | engar | engin |
| Acc. | engar | engin |
| Dat. | engum | engum |
| Gen. | engar | engar |
*** epil
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈepel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#epli][epli]]
1. apple
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr |
| Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit |
| Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum |
| Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit |
*** eptir
prep. {{{phon(eɸter)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eptir][eptir]]
1. after
2. afterwards
3. according to, based on
4. in search of, seeking for
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann?
I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is?
| ek | em | eptir | konung |
| 1s.NOM | to.be.1s.PRES.IND | after | king |
| kann-uð | ér | sagja | mér | hvar | es | han-n |
| can-2p | 2p.NOM | to.tell | 1s.DAT | where | to.be.3s.PRES.IND | 3s.m-NOM |
#+html: :::
*** eptirdag
adv. {{{phon(eɸterdɑj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#eptir][eptir]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag (dative)]]
1. tomorrow
*** enn
adv. {{{phon(enː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#enn5][enn]]
1. yet
2. still
*** et(a)
iv. {{{phon(et)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eta][eta]]
1. to eat
2. to consume
3. to burn fuel (generally fire)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: et
- imperative :: et
- imperative passive voice :: etask
- present participle :: etand
- past participle :: etat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------|
| 1s | | etar | etir | át | etumk |
| 2s | | etar | etir | át | esk |
| 3s | | etar | etir | át | esk |
| 1p | | etum | etim | átum | etimk |
| 2p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk |
| 3p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk |
*** eð
conj. {{{phon(eð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#e%C3%B0r][eða]]
Dialectal variety of [[file:./dictionary.md#ell-a][ell(a)]]
** É
** F
*** fað(i)
sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][faðir]]
1. father, plural /feð/
Re-analysis of sg. /faðir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively,
each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to
/-r/).
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn |
| Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin |
| Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum |
| Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin |
*** far(a)
iv. {{{phon(far)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]]
1. to go, to travel
Declensions:
- infinitive :: far
- imperative :: far
- imperative passive voice :: farsk
- present participle :: farand
- past participle :: farit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk |
| 2s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk |
| 3s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk |
| 1p | | farum | farim | farum | farumk |
| 2p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
| 3p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
*** fár
adj. and indef.pron. {{{phon(fɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A1r3][fár]]
1. few, in small numbers
The pronoun is usually in its plural form while the singular form is
reserved for the adjective.
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | fárr | fárt |
| Acc. | fár | fárt |
| Dat. | fárum | fárum |
| Gen. | fárs | fárs |
| Pl.Nom. | fárar | fár |
| Acc. | fár | fár |
| Dat. | fárum | fárum |
| Gen. | fárar | fárr |
*** feð
sn.m. {{{phon(feð)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]]
*** ferð
sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]]
1. fjord, bay
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | ferðr | ferðinn | ferðr | ferðinn |
| Acc. | ferð | ferðin | ferð | ferðin |
| Dat. | ferð | ferðin | ferðum | ferðinum |
| Gen. | ferðar | ferðins | ferðar | ferðin |
*** fé
in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]]
1. wealth
| | Singular | Plural |
|------+----------+--------|
| Nom. | fé | fé |
| Acc. | fé | fé |
| Dat. | fé | fém |
| Gen. | fés | fés |
*** fisk
sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr]]
1. fish
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn |
| Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin |
| Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum |
| Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin |
*** fjall
sn.n. {{{phon(fjɑlː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fjall][fjall]]
1. mountain
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallitr |
| Acc. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallit |
| Dat. | fjall | fjallit | fjallum | fjallitum |
| Gen. | fjalls | fjallits | fjalls | fjallit |
*** flekk(r)
sn.m. {{{phon(flek)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flekkr][flekkr]]
1. spot, e.g. of colour
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | flekkr | flekkinn | flekkr | flekkinn |
| Acc. | flekk | flekkin | flekk | flekkin |
| Dat. | flekk | flekkin | flekkum | flekkinum |
| Gen. | flekkar | flekkins | flekkar | flekkin |
*** Frídag
sn.m. {{{phon(frèdaɣ)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#frj%C3%A1dagr][fríadagr]]
1. Friday, sixth day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** fylgj(a)
wv. {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fylgja2][fylgja]]
1. to follow
2. to stand with (metaphorically)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}
- imperative :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}
- imperative passive voice :: fylgjask
- present participle :: fylgjand
- past participle :: fylgjat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk |
| 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk |
| 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk |
| 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk |
| 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk |
| 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk |
** G
*** gamal
adj. {{{phon(ˈjɑmɑl)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gamall-I][gamall]]
1. old, ancient
2. old (age)
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+---------+---------|
| Sg.Nom. | gamall | gamalar |
| Acc. | gamalum | gamalum |
| Dat. | gamal | gamal |
| Gen. | gamal | gamalar |
| Pl.Nom. | gamals | gamals |
| Acc. | gamalum | gamalum |
| Dat. | gamalt | gamal |
| Gen. | gamalt | gamall |
*** gauð
wn.f. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/)
1. a quarrel
2. a heated debate /(informal)/
Alternative form: *jauð*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr |
| Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit |
| Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum |
| Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit |
*** gauð(a)
wv. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from Eittlandic [[file:./dictionary.md#gauð][gauð]]
1. to have a quarrel
2. to argue, have a heated debate /(informal)/
Alternative form: *jauð*
Declensions:
- infinitive :: gauð
- imperative :: gauð
- imperative passive voice :: gauðask
- present participle :: gauðand
- past participle :: gauðin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------|
| 1s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk |
| 2s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk |
| 3s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk |
| 1p | | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk |
| 2p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk |
| 3p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk |
*** gef
sn.f. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gjef]]
1. gift, present
Alternative form: *jev*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn |
| Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin |
| Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum |
| Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin |
*** gegn
adv. {{{phon(jeɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegn#Old_Norse][gegn]]
1. against, opposing
Alternative form: *jegn*
*** ger(a)
iv. {{{phon(jer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B6ra][göra]]
1. to do, to make
2. to act
Unlike its English counterpart /to do/, the Eittlandic verb /ger(a)/ is
not a modal verb.
Declensions:
- infinitive :: ger
- imperative :: ger
- imperative passive voice :: gerask
- present participle :: gerand
- past participle :: gerð
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk |
| 2s | | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk |
| 3s | | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk |
| 1p | | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk |
| 2p | | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk |
| 3p | | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk |
*** gleym(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɡløʏm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gleyma][gleyma]]
1. to forget
Alternative form: *gløym*
Declensions:
- infinitive :: gleym
- imperative :: gleym
- imperative passive voice :: gleymsk
- present participle :: gleymand
- past participle :: gleymit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk |
| 2s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask |
| 3s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask |
| 1p | | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk |
| 2p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
| 3p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
The verb /gleym/ takes a dative instead of an accusative.
#+html: ::: tip Example
1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum
| ek | gleym-r | opt | lykill-inum |
| 1s.NOM | forget-1s.PRES | often | key-pl.DAT.DEF. |
I often forget the keys
2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin
| hann | haft | gleymt | at | far | til | borg-in |
| 3s.m.NOM | have.3s.PST | forget.3s.PST | to.DAT | go.INF | to | city-sg.DAT.DEF |
He forgot to go to the city.
#+html: :::
*** goð
sn.n. {{{phon(joð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#go%C3%B0-A-IV-2][goð]]
1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr |
| Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit |
| Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum |
| Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit |
*** góð
adj. {{{phon(jɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B3%C3%B0r-1][góðr]]
1. good
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | góðr | góðt |
| Acc. | góð | góðt |
| Dat. | góðum | góðum |
| Gen. | góðs | góðs |
| Pl.Nom. | góðar | góð |
| Acc. | góð | góð |
| Dat. | góðum | góðum |
| Gen. | góðar | góðr |
*** grað(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ɡrað)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus#Latin][gradus]]
1. degree (general)
2. degree (scholar)
3. degree (geometry)
4. degree (temperature)
5. grade (scholar)
6. military rank
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr |
| Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat |
| Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum |
| Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat |
*** grá
adj. {{{phon(ɡrɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A1r][grár]]
1. grey, silver (colour)
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | grár | grát |
| Acc. | grá | grát |
| Dat. | grámum | grámum |
| Gen. | grás | grás |
| Pl.Nom. | grárar | grá |
| Acc. | grá | grá |
| Dat. | grámum | grámum |
| Gen. | grárar | grár |
*** grœn
adj. {{{phon(ɡrœn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A6nn][grǿnn]]
1. green
2. fresh
3. hopeful, good, happy
4. sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory)
#+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as an adjective
#+caption: groen-adj-declension
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | grœnn | grœnt |
| Acc. | grœn | grœnt |
| Dat. | grœnum | grœnum |
| Gen. | grœns | grœns |
| Pl.Nom. | grœnar | grœn |
| Acc. | grœn | grœn |
| Dat. | grœnum | grœnum |
| Gen. | grœnar | grœnn |
#+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as a noun
#+caption: groen-noun-declension
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | grœnn | grœninn | grœnn | grœninn |
| Acc. | grœn | grœnin | grœn | grœnin |
| Dat. | grœn | grœnin | grœnum | grœninum |
| Gen. | grœnar | grœnins | grœnar | grœnin |
*** gul
{{{phon(jul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gull][gull]]
1. sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only)
2. sn.n. jewelry (countable)
3. adj. golden, yellow
#+name: Declension of /gul/ as an adjective
#+caption: gul-adjective-declension
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | gull | gult |
| Acc. | gul | gult |
| Dat. | gulum | gulum |
| Gen. | guls | guls |
| Pl.Nom. | gular | gul |
| Acc. | gul | gul |
| Dat. | gulum | gulum |
| Gen. | gular | gull |
#+name: Declensions of /gul/ as a noun
#+caption: gul-noun-declension
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | gul | gulit | gul | gulitr |
| Acc. | gul | gulit | gul | gulit |
| Dat. | gul | gulit | gulum | gulitum |
| Gen. | guls | gulits | guls | gulit |
** H
*** hav(a)
iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]]
1. to have
2. stative auxilliary
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hav
- imperative :: hav (except 2p /haft/)
- imperative passive voice :: hafsk (except 1p /havumsk/)
- present participle :: havand
- past participle :: hafr
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1s | hav | hav | haft | haft |
| 2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir |
| 3s | havir | hav | haft | haft |
| 1p | havum | havim | haft | haft |
| 2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið |
| 3p | hav | hav | haft | haft |
Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when
using hav(a) in the passive voice.
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|---+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk |
| 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
| 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
*** hás(s)
adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀s)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6ss][háss]]
1. white (hair colour)
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | háss | hást |
| Acc. | hás | hást |
| Dat. | hásum | hásum |
| Gen. | háss | háss |
| Pl.Nom. | hásar | hás |
| Acc. | hás | hás |
| Dat. | hásum | hásum |
| Gen. | hásar | háss |
*** háv
adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀f)}}}
1. tall, high
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | hár | hávt |
| Acc. | háv | hávt |
| Dat. | hávum | hávum |
| Gen. | hávs | hávs |
| Pl.Nom. | hávar | háv |
| Acc. | háv | háv |
| Dat. | hávum | hávum |
| Gen. | hávar | hávr |
*** hávn
sn.f. {{{phon(hɛ̀vn̩)}}}
1. haven, port, harbour
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hávnn | hávninn | hávnn | hávninn |
| Acc. | hávn | hávnin | hávn | hávnin |
| Dat. | hávn | hávnin | hávnum | hávninum |
| Gen. | hávnar | hávnins | hávnar | hávnin |
*** hávuð
in.n. {{{phon(hɛ̀βoð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6fu%C3%B0-A][hǫfuð]]
1. head (body)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+----------|
| Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr |
| Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit |
| Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum |
| Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit |
*** háðsdýn
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávuð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]]
1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress”
See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions.
*** heim
{{{phon(hɑɪm)}}}
1. sn.m. home
2. adv. (at) home
#+name: Declension of /heim/ as a noun
#+caption: heim-noun-declension
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | heimr | heiminn | heimr | heiminn |
| Acc. | heim | heimin | heim | heimin |
| Dat. | heim | heimin | heimum | heiminum |
| Gen. | heimar | heimins | heimar | heimin |
*** heils(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]]
1. health
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr |
| Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat |
| Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum |
| Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat |
*** her
wn.m. {{{phon(her)}}}, from Danish /herr/.
1. lord
2. Sir, title
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | her | herit | herr | heritr |
| Acc. | her | herit | her | herit |
| Dat. | her | herit | herum | heritum |
| Gen. | hers | herits | hers | herit |
*** historja
wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]]
1. history (school subject)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr |
| Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat |
| Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum |
| Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat |
*** hjá
adj. {{{phon(çɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hj%C3%A1][hjá]]
1. near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically)
2. soon
3. by (a book /by/ this author)
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | hjár | hját |
| Acc. | hjá | hját |
| Dat. | hjámum | hjámum |
| Gen. | hjás | hjás |
| Pl.Nom. | hjárar | hjá |
| Acc. | hjá | hjá |
| Dat. | hjámum | hjámum |
| Gen. | hjárar | hjár |
*** hjól
sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]]
1. wheel
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr |
| Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit |
| Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum |
| Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit |
*** hlaup(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɬɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlaupa][hlaupa]]
1. to run
2. to rush (figuratively), to hurry
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hlaup
- imperative :: hlaup
- imperative passive voice :: hlaupask
- present participle :: hlaupand
- past participle :: hlaupit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupumk |
| 2s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask |
| 3s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask |
| 1p | | hlaupum | hlaupim | hlaupum | hlaupumk |
| 2p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask |
| 3p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask |
*** hler(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]]
1. to hear
2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hler
- imperative :: hler
- imperative passive voice :: hlerask (except 1p /hlerumk/)
- present participle :: hlerand
- past participle :: hlerit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk |
| 2s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask |
| 3s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask |
| 1p | | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk |
| 2p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
| 3p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/
if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will
bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See
[[file:./dictionary.md#hlust-a][hlust(a)]].
*** hleð
sn.n. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from EON /hleða/, see ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0][hljóð]]
1. sound, noise, thing heard
2. unintelligible speech or conversation
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr |
| Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit |
| Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum |
| Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit |
*** hleð(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hleð][hleð]]
1. to make a noise
2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people
around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hleð
- imperative :: hleð
- imperative passive voice :: hleðsk
- present participle :: hleðand
- past participle :: hleðat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk |
| 2s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask |
| 3s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask |
| 1p | | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk |
| 2p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask |
| 3p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask |
*** hlóð
wn.n. {{{phon(l̥ɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hl%C3%B3%C3%B0][hlóð]]
1. hearth
2. living room
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr |
| Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit |
| Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum |
| Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit |
*** hlust(a)
wv. {{{phon(ɬuʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlusta][hlusta]]
1. to listen to
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hlust
- imperative :: hlust
- imperative passive voice :: hlustask (except 1p /hlustumk/)
- present participle :: hlustand
- past participle :: hlustit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+-----------|
| 1s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk |
| 2s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask |
| 3s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask |
| 1p | | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk |
| 2p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask |
| 3p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/
if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will
bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See
#+html: ::: tip Example
1. Han hlustr henn
He’s listening to her
2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek?
Are you listening to what I am saying?
3. Vér hlustum eigi
We did not listen
#+html: :::
*** hneis(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(n̥ɑ:ɪs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hneisa][hneisa]]
1. shame, disgrace, fear
2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
3. social isolation
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr |
| Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat |
| Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum |
| Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat |
*** hneising
wn.n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}}
1. hermit
2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr |
| Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit |
| Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum |
| Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit |
*** hnjós(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hnj%C3%B3sa][hnjósa]]
1. to sneeze
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hnjós
- imperative :: hnjós
- imperative passive voice :: hnjósask
- present participle :: hnjósand
- past participle :: hnjósit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk |
| 2s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask |
| 3s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask |
| 1p | | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk |
| 2p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask |
| 3p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask |
*** hóst(r)
sn.m. {{{phon(hɔ̀ʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B3str][hóstr]]
1. lower part of the throat
2. chest
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hóstr | hóstinn | hóstr | hóstinn |
| Acc. | hóst | hóstin | hóst | hóstin |
| Dat. | hóst | hóstin | hóstum | hóstinum |
| Gen. | hóstar | hóstins | hóstar | hóstin |
*** hrifs
wn.n. {{{phon(r̥ivs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]]
1. assault, mugging
Alternative form: *hrivs*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr |
| Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit |
| Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum |
| Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit |
*** hring
sn.m. {{{phon(r̥iŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hringr-I][hringr]]
1. ring
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | hringr | hringinn | hringr | hringinn |
| Acc. | hring | hringin | hring | hringin |
| Dat. | hring | hringin | hringum | hringinum |
| Gen. | hringar | hringins | hringar | hringin |
*** Hringarherinssagat
pn. {{{phon(ˈr̥iŋarˌherensˌsɑjɑt)}}}
1. /The Lord of the Rings/, litt. /The Story of the Lord of the Ring/
*** hug(a)
sv. {{{phon(huj)}}}
1. to mind, to think
2. to dwell on
3. to meditate
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hug
- imperative :: hug
- imperative passive voice :: hugask
- present participle :: hugand
- past participle :: hugit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk |
| 2s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask |
| 3s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask |
| 1p | | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk |
| 2p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask |
| 3p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask |
*** hugaleið(a)
wv. {{{phon(ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hug-a][hug(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#leið-a][leið(a)]]
1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically
2. officiate a religious event
Declensions:
- infinitive :: hugaleið
- imperative :: hugaleið
- imperative passive voice :: hugaleiðask
- present participhugale :: hugaleiðand
- past participhugale :: hugaleiðit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| 1s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk |
| 2s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk |
| 3s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk |
| 1p | | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk |
| 2p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk |
| 3p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk |
*** hund(r)
sn.m. {{{phon(hund)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hundr][hundr]]
1. dog
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hundr | hundinn | hundr | hundinn |
| Acc. | hund | hundin | hund | hundin |
| Dat. | hund | hundin | hundum | hundinum |
| Gen. | hundar | hundins | hundar | hundin |
*** hús
sn.n. {{{phon(hòs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%BAs][hús]]
1. house
2. family
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | hús | húsit | hús | húsitr |
| Acc. | hús | húsit | hús | húsit |
| Dat. | hús | húsit | húsum | húsitum |
| Gen. | hús | húsits | hús | húsit |
*** hvar
pron. {{{phon(ʍar)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvar#Old_Norse][hvar]]
1. where
Always in the dative case.
*** hvat
interr. {{{phon(ʍɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvat#Old_Norse][hvat]]
1. what
| | Sg. |
|------+------|
| Nom. | hvat |
| Acc. | hvat |
| Dat. | hvat |
| Gen. | hves |
*** hvenár
interr. {{{phon(ʍenˈɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvenar][hvenær]]
1. when
*** hver
interr. and pron. {{{phon(ʍer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hverr2-A][hverr]]
1. which, who
2. every, every one, each
| | Sg. |
|------+------|
| Nom. | hver |
| Acc. | hven |
| Dat. | hvem |
| Gen. | hves |
When used in its /every/ meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can
be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will
bear the genitive case while /hver/ bears the original case. Can only be
used with countable nouns.
#+html: ::: Example
- Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han
You’re listening to everything he/she says
- Hver át epil mín?
Who / which one of you ate my apple?
#+html: :::
*** hvernig
interr. {{{phon(ˈʍerneɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvernig][hvernig]]
1. how, in what way
*** hversdag
{{{phon(hversdaj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]
1. adj. daily, everyday
2. adv. daily, everyday
#+name: Declension of /hversdag/ as an adjective
#+caption: hversdag-adjective-declension
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+------------+------------|
| Sg.Nom. | hversdagr | hversdagt |
| Acc. | hversdag | hversdagt |
| Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum |
| Gen. | hversdags | hversdags |
| Pl.Nom. | hversdagar | hversdag |
| Acc. | hversdag | hversdag |
| Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum |
| Gen. | hversdagar | hversdagr |
*** hví
adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]]
1. why
Alternative form: *hve*
*** hvíl(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADla2][hvíla]]
1. bedroom
2. family bed (dated)
Alternative form: *hvel(a)*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr |
| Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat |
| Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum |
| Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat |
*** hvílskláð(i)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈʍèlskˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hvil-a][hvíl]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð]]
1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes
Alternative form: *hvelskléð(i)*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions.
*** hvít
adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr][hvítr]]
1. white
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | hvítr | hvítt |
| Acc. | hvít | hvítt |
| Dat. | hvítum | hvítum |
| Gen. | hvíts | hvíts |
| Pl.Nom. | hvítar | hvít |
| Acc. | hvít | hvít |
| Dat. | hvítum | hvítum |
| Gen. | hvítar | hvítr |
** I
*** -g(i)
suffix {{{phon(iɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#-gi][-gi]]
1. negative, no, not
*** ikkí
interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}}
1. How cold! Brr!
From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic
/ikkii/.
*** iþat
adv. {{{phon(iθat)}}}, from OE /eptir þat/.
1. nevertheless, nonetheless
Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast
** Í
** J
*** jak
wn.n. {{{phon(jak)}}}, from Tibetan [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%82#Tibetan][yak (གཡག)]].
1. yak
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | yak | yakit | yakr | yakitr |
| Acc. | yak | yakit | yak | yakit |
| Dat. | yak | yakit | yakum | yakitum |
| Gen. | yaks | yakits | yaks | yakit |
*** já
{{{phon(jɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%A1#Old_Norse][já]]
1. adv. yes
2. interj. yes (as an exclamation of joy)
** K
*** kaup
wn.n. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaup][kaup]]
1. commerce
2. bargain, barter
Alternative form: *kóp*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr |
| Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit |
| Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum |
| Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit |
*** kaup(a)
wv. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaupa-B][kaupa]]
1. to make business by selling goods, to do commerce
2. to bargain, to barter
3. to exchange
Declensions:
- infinitive :: kaup
- imperative :: kaup
- imperative passive voice :: kaupask
- present participle :: kaupand
- past participle :: kaupit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+---------|
| 1s | | kaupar | kaupar | kaupar | kaupum |
| 2s | | kaupið | kaupið | kaupir | kaupir |
| 3s | | kaupir | kaupim | kaupið | kaupið |
| 1p | | kaupt | kaupt | kaupt | kaupum |
| 2p | | kaupuð | kaupuð | kaupumk | kaupisk |
| 3p | | kaupðisk | kaupumk | kaupðisk | kaupisk |
*** kann
iv.mod. {{{phon(kanː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kunna-A][kunna]]
1. can
2. to be able to
Note that, as a modal verb, /kann/ is onli conjugated in a handful of
tenses and moods
Declensions:
- infinitive :: kann
| <c> | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. |
|--------+---+------------+----------------------|
| 1s | | kann | kunn |
| 2s | | kannt | kunn |
| 3s | | kann | kunn |
| 1p | | kannum | kunnim |
| 2p | | kannuð | kunnið |
| 3p | | kann | kunn |
*** káppok
adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀ɸːok)}}}, from Greenlandic /kaappoq/
1. peckish, a little hungry
Alternative form: *kéffok*
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+----------+----------|
| Sg.Nom. | káppokr | káppokt |
| Acc. | káppok | káppokt |
| Dat. | káppokum | káppokum |
| Gen. | káppoks | káppoks |
| Pl.Nom. | káppokar | káppok |
| Acc. | káppok | káppok |
| Dat. | káppokum | káppokum |
| Gen. | káppokar | káppokr |
*** kátt
sn.m. {{{phon(kɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%B6ttr][kǫttr]]
1. cat
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | káttr | káttinn | káttr | káttinn |
| Acc. | kátt | káttin | kátt | káttin |
| Dat. | kátt | káttin | káttum | káttinum |
| Gen. | káttar | káttins | káttar | káttin |
*** kenn(a)
wv. {{{phon(kenː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kenna-B][kenna]]
1. to know, to recognize
2. to teach, when the patient is a dative element
3. to perceive, to sense
4. to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate
sentence
Declensions:
- infinitive :: kenn
- imperative :: kenn
- imperative passive voice :: kennask
- present participle :: kennand
- past participle :: kennit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kennumk |
| 2s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk |
| 3s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk |
| 1p | | kennum | kennim | kennum | kennumk |
| 2p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk |
| 3p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk |
*** kék
adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}}
1. gray (hair colour)
Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic /qeeq/
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | kékr | kékt |
| Acc. | kék | kékt |
| Dat. | kékum | kékum |
| Gen. | kéks | kéks |
| Pl.Nom. | kékar | kék |
| Acc. | kék | kék |
| Dat. | kékum | kékum |
| Gen. | kékar | kékr |
*** kláð(a)
sv. {{{phon(klɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0a][kláða]]
1. to clothe
2. to drape something
3. to put cloth or clothes over something
Declensions:
- infinitive :: kláð
- imperative :: kláð
- imperative passive voice :: kláðask
- present participle :: kláðand
- past participle :: klánit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk |
| 2s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask |
| 3s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask |
| 1p | | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk |
| 2p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask |
| 3p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask |
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Ek kláðr ná mik
I’m dressing up
- Þú kláðt sáingin
You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed
#+html: :::
*** kláð(i)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈklɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0i-I][klæði]]
1. cloth
2. thing that covers
3. (pl) clothes
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr |
| Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit |
| Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum |
| Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit |
*** kom(a)
iv. {{{phon(kom)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koma#Old_Norse][koma]]
1. to come
Declensions:
- infinitive :: kom
- imperative :: kom
- imperative passive voice :: komask
- present participle :: komand
- past participle :: kominn
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk |
| 2s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk |
| 3s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk |
| 1p | | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk |
| 2p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk |
| 3p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk |
*** Konung
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈkonoŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/konungr#Old_Norse][konungr]]
1. king
Alternative form: *Konong*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn |
| Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin |
| Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum |
| Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin |
*** konunɡliɡ
{{{phon(konoŋlej)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] and suffix /-lig/.
1. adv. royaly
2. adj. royal
Alternative form: *kononglej*
#+name: Declension of /konunglig/ as an adjective
#+caption: konunglig-adjective-declension
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+-------------+-------------|
| Sg.Nom. | konungligr | konungligt |
| Acc. | konunglig | konungligt |
| Dat. | konungligum | konungligum |
| Gen. | konungligs | konungligs |
| Pl.Nom. | konungligar | konunglig |
| Acc. | konunglig | konunglig |
| Dat. | konungligum | konungligum |
| Gen. | konungligar | konungligr |
*** kúr(a)
sv. {{{phon(kòr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BAra][kúra]]
1. to nap (not in a bed or a [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]])
Alternative form: *kor(a)*
Declensions:
- infinitive :: kúr
- imperative :: kúr
- imperative passive voice :: kúrask
- present participle :: kúrand
- past participle :: kúrit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk |
| 2s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask |
| 3s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask |
| 1p | | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk |
| 2p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask |
| 3p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask |
** L
*** land
sn.n. {{{phon(land)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse][land]]
1. land
2. country
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr |
| Acc. | land | landit | land | landit |
| Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum |
| Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit |
*** lat
adj. {{{phon(lɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr]]
1. lazy
2. with slow reaction time
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | latr | latt |
| Acc. | lat | latt |
| Dat. | latum | latum |
| Gen. | lats | lats |
| Pl.Nom. | latar | lat |
| Acc. | lat | lat |
| Dat. | latum | latum |
| Gen. | latar | latr |
*** Laurdag
sn.m. {{{phon(lɔrdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#laug-IV][laugardagr]]
1. Saturday, seventh day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** lág
sn.n. {{{phon(lɛ̀j)}}}
1. law, plural only
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | lág | lágit | lág | lágitr |
| Acc. | lág | lágit | lág | lágit |
| Dat. | lág | lágit | lágum | lágitum |
| Gen. | lágs | lágits | lágs | lágit |
*** lágsman
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈlɛ̀ɡsˌman)}}}
1. lawyer, attorney
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]].
*** lás(a)
wv. {{{phon(lɛ̀s)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%A6sa][læsa]]
1. to lock
2. to shut (somewhat securely)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: lás
- imperative :: lás
- imperative passive voice :: lásask
- present participle :: lásand
- past participle :: lásin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lásumk |
| 2s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk |
| 3s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk |
| 1p | | lásum | lásim | lásum | lásumk |
| 2p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk |
| 3p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk |
*** leik
{{{phon(lɑɪk)}}}
1. sn.f. plaything
2. sn.m. game
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | leikr | leikinn | leikr | leikinn |
| Acc. | leik | leikin | leik | leikin |
| Dat. | leik | leikin | leikum | leikinum |
| Gen. | leikar | leikins | leikar | leikin |
*** leik(a)
sv. {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}}
1. to play
Declensions:
- infinitive :: leik
- imperative :: leik
- imperative passive voice :: leikask
- present participle :: leikand
- past participle :: leikit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikumk |
| 2s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask |
| 3s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask |
| 1p | | leikum | leikim | leikum | leikumk |
| 2p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask |
| 3p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask |
*** leið(a)
wv. {{{phon(lɑːɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lei%C3%B0a][leiða]]
1. to lead, to show the way
2. to drive (large transportation vehicles)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: leið
- imperative :: leið
- imperative passive voice :: leiðask
- present participle :: leiðand
- past participle :: leiðit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. |
|--------+---+----------+-------------+--------+----------|
| 1s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk |
| 2s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk |
| 3s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk |
| 1p | | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk |
| 2p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk |
| 3p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk |
*** les(a)
sv. {{{phon(les)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lesa-II][lesa]]
1. to read
Declensions:
- infinitive :: les
- imperative :: les
- imperative passive voice :: lesask
- present participle :: lesand
- past participle :: lesit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk |
| 2s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask |
| 3s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask |
| 1p | | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk |
| 2p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask |
| 3p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask |
*** list
wn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#list][list]]
1. art, craft
2. skill
| | Sg. | Pl. |
|------+-------+--------|
| Nom. | list | listr |
| Acc. | list | list |
| Dat. | list | listum |
| Gen. | lists | lists |
*** list(i)
sn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#listi][listi]]
1. list
2. catalogue
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | listr | listinn | listr | listinn |
| Acc. | list | listin | list | listin |
| Dat. | list | listin | listum | listinum |
| Gen. | listir | listins | listir | listin |
*** listsmið
sn.m. {{{phon(liʃtsmið)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]]
1. craftsman, artist
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]].
*** lit(a)
wv. {{{phon(lit)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lita][lita]]
1. to colour
2. to paint
3. to dye
Declensions:
- infinitive :: lit
- imperative :: lit
- imperative passive voice :: litask
- present participle :: litand
- past participle :: litit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | litar | litir | litt | litumk |
| 2s | | litar | litir | litt | littisk |
| 3s | | litar | litir | litt | littisk |
| 1p | | litum | litim | litum | litumk |
| 2p | | litið | litið | lituð | littisk |
| 3p | | litið | litið | lituð | littisk |
*** líf
sn.n. {{{phon(lèv)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADf][líf]]
1. life
2. spirit, soul
Alternative form: *lef*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr |
| Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit |
| Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum |
| Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit |
**** hav líf
1. to be energetic
2. to be enthusiastic, positive
*** lífsván
sn.f. {{{phon(ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#lif][líf]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#van][ván]]
1. raison d’être
2. life hope
3. vocation, calling, mission
Alternative form: *lefsvén*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn |
| Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin |
| Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum |
| Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin |
*** lík(a)
{{{phon(lèk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADka][líka]]
1. (wv) to like
2. (adv) like, similar to
3. (adv) also
- infinitive :: lík
- imperative :: lík
- imperative passive voice :: lekask
- present participle :: lekand
- past participle :: lekit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk |
| 2s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk |
| 3s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk |
| 1p | | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk |
| 2p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk |
| 3p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk |
*** lít(a)
sv. {{{phon(lèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADta][líta]]
1. to look at, to behold, to see
Declensions:
- infinitive :: lít
- imperative :: lít
- imperative passive voice :: lítask
- present participle :: lítand
- past participle :: lítit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk |
| 2s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask |
| 3s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask |
| 1p | | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk |
| 2p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask |
| 3p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask |
The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case.
#+html: ::: tip Example
Han lítt í húsit sín.
She looked at her house.
| han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín |
| 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN |
#+html: :::
*** lok(a)
sv. {{{phon(lok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#loka2][loka]]
1. to close
2. to shut, to shut down
Declensions:
- infinitive :: lok
- imperative :: lok
- imperative passive voice :: lokask
- present participle :: lokand
- past participle :: lokin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokumk |
| 2s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask |
| 3s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask |
| 1p | | lokum | lokim | lokum | lokumk |
| 2p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask |
| 3p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask |
*** lykil
wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]]
1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
2. musical key
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr |
| Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit |
| Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum |
| Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit |
** M
*** man
in.m. {{{phon(mɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#ma%C3%B0r][maðr]]
1. man
2. person
3. interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | maðr | maðinn | meðr | meðinn |
| Acc. | mann | mannin | menn | mennin |
| Dat. | mann | mannin | mennum | menninum |
| Gen. | manns | mannins | menns | mennin |
*** man(u)
iv. {{{phon(mun)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munu][munu]]
1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall
#+html: ::: tip Example
Vér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag
We will go to the theatre tomorrow
#+html: :::
2. will, shall, must
#+html: ::: tip Example
Þú man les að bókan.
You will/must read the book.
#+html: :::
3. polite conditional when used in the subjunctive
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ef hann mynir kom...
If he comes...
#+html: :::
4. likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the
conditional mood
Declensions:
- infinitive :: man
- imperative :: mun
- present participle :: munand
| <c> | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------|
| 1s | | man | mynir | mynd |
| 2s | | man | mynir | mynd |
| 3s | | man | mynir | mynd |
| 1p | | munum | mynim | myndum |
| 2p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð |
| 3p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð |
*** mastergrað(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈmaʃterˌɡrað)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/master#English][Master]] and Middle Eittlandic
/graða/ (see [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]])
1. Master's degree
See [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]] for declensions.
*** maðr
Nominative of [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]
*** mál(a)
wv. {{{phon(mɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]]
1. to measure
2. to determine a size or a quantity
3. to estimate
Declensions:
- infinitive :: mál
- imperative :: mál
- imperative passive voice :: málask
- present participle :: máland
- past participle :: málin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | málar | málir | mált | málumk |
| 2s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk |
| 3s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk |
| 1p | | málum | málim | málum | málumk |
| 2p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk |
| 3p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk |
*** málskipan
sn.f. {{{phon(ˈmɛ̀lˌʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] and OE [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]]
1. language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…)
For its declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]].
*** mán(i)
wn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1ni][máni]]
1. the moon
2. a moon
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | mán | máninn | mánn | |
| Acc. | mán | mánin | mán | |
| Dat. | mán | mánin | mánum | |
| Gen. | máns | mánins | máns | |
Like [[file:./dictionary.md#sol][sól]], the definite and plural form of /mán/ are modern and generally
used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general
Eittlandic, /Mán/ tends to more often means /the moon/. In written
Eittlandic, /mán/ generally means /a moon/, while /Mán/ generally means /the
(Earth’s) moon/.
*** Mánsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀nsdaɣ)}}} from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1nadagr][mánadagr]]
1. Monday, second day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** mat
sn.m. {{{phon(mat)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#matr][matr]]
1. food, meat (uncountable)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn |
| Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin |
| Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum |
| Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin |
While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when
referring to different types of food or meat.
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Han lítar í matin
She takes a look at the food
- Han lítar í matinum
She takes a look at the different types of food
#+html: :::
*** metr(o)
wn.n. {{{phon(metr)}}}, from French “métro”
1. subway, underground
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr |
| Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot |
| Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum |
| Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot |
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#undirland][undirland]]
*** með
adv. {{{phon(með)}}}
1. with
2. prefix with, co-smth. See
*** Meðkonung
sn.m. {{{phon(meðˈkonoŋ)}}}, see [[file:./dictionary.md#með][með]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]]
1. Co-King
Alternative form: *Meðkonong*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][Konung]] for declension.
*** mið
adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][miðr]]
1. middle (physically and temporaly)
2. midways
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | miðr | miðt |
| Acc. | mið | miðt |
| Dat. | miðum | miðum |
| Gen. | miðs | miðs |
| Pl.Nom. | miðar | mið |
| Acc. | mið | mið |
| Dat. | miðum | miðum |
| Gen. | miðar | miðr |
*** mjúk
adj. {{{phon(mjòk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mj%C3%BAkr][mjúkr]]
1. soft, gentle, soothing
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | mjúkr | mjúkt |
| Acc. | mjúk | mjúkt |
| Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum |
| Gen. | mjúks | mjúks |
| Pl.Nom. | mjúkar | mjúk |
| Acc. | mjúk | mjúk |
| Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum |
| Gen. | mjúkar | mjúkr |
*** mynd
sn.f. {{{phon(mynd)}}}
1. image, picture
2. video
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | myndr | myndinn | myndr | myndinn |
| Acc. | mynd | myndin | mynd | myndin |
| Dat. | mynd | myndin | myndum | myndinum |
| Gen. | myndar | myndins | myndar | myndin |
*** myrgun
in.m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡun)}}}, {{{phon(mʏʁːʊn)}}} in some dialects, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]]
1. morning, aurora
In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of
the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer
bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders
to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun
has already been up for some time by then.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann |
| Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan |
| Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum |
| Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan |
** N
*** nakt
adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}}
1. naked
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | naktr | naktt |
| Acc. | nakt | naktt |
| Dat. | naktum | naktum |
| Gen. | nakts | nakts |
| Pl.Nom. | naktar | nakt |
| Acc. | nakt | nakt |
| Dat. | naktum | naktum |
| Gen. | naktar | naktr |
*** ná
adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]]
1. now
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ná kømar ek frá universitetit.
I come from the university now.
#+html: :::
2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek kømar frá universitetit ná!
- I come from the university (you know)
or
- (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
#+html: :::
3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek kømar ná frá universitetit.
I’m coming from the university.
#+html: :::
Alternative form: *né*
*** nákkur
indef.pron. {{{phon(nɛ̀χor)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%B6kkurr][nǫkkur]]
1. anyone, any
2. some, someone
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Nákkurr kœmt í dag
Someone came yesterday
#+html: :::
See [[file:grammar.md#indefinite-pronouns][Indefinite pronouns (grammar)]] for more information on this
indefinite pronoun.
#+name: Declensions of the indefinite pronoun /nakk/
#+caption: nakk-indef-pronoun-declension
| / | <r> | | | |
| | | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---+---------+-----------+-----------+----------|
| | Sg.Nom. | nákkurr | nákkur | nákkut |
| | Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkut |
| | Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurr | nákkur |
| | Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurrar | nákkurs |
| | Pl.Nom | nákkurar | nákkurar | nákkur |
| | Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkur |
| | Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurum | nákkurum |
| | Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurs | nákkurs |
*** náng
interj. {{{phon(nɛŋ)}}}
1. negative counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar
Alternative form: *néng*
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was
borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken
by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut /nangaa/ and
Proto-Eskimoan /*nanka/, and Western Greenlandic /naagga/.
*** nei
{{{phon(nɑɪ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nei#Old_Norse][nei]]
1. (adv.) no
2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret
*** nem
{{{phon(nem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nema-B][nema]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#en][en]]
- conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual)
- adv. expect, save, but
*** norvegsúlf
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON
[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]]
1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.
Alternative form: *norvejsólv*
Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives
introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter
inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/
(genitive of /Noregr/, /Norway/) and /úlfr/.
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ulf][úlf]].
** O
*** ok
conj. {{{phon(ok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#ok-A][ok]]
1. and
*** opin
adj. {{{phon(ˈopin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opinn][opinn]]
1. open
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | opinr | opint |
| Acc. | opin | opint |
| Dat. | opinum | opinum |
| Gen. | opins | opins |
| Pl.Nom. | opinar | opin |
| Acc. | opin | opin |
| Dat. | opinum | opinum |
| Gen. | opinar | opinr |
*** opn(a)
sv. {{{phon(opn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opna][opna]]
1. to open
Declensions:
- infinitive :: opn
- imperative :: opn
- imperative passive voice :: opnask
- present participle :: opnand
- past participle :: opnit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnumk |
| 2s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnsk |
| 3s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnask |
| 1p | | opnum | opnim | opnum | opnumk |
| 2p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask |
| 3p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask |
*** opt
adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]]
1. often
Alternative form: *oft*
*** orð
sn.n. {{{phon(orð)}}}
1. word, utterance
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | orð | orðit | orð | orðitr |
| Acc. | orð | orðit | orð | orðit |
| Dat. | orð | orðit | orðum | orðitum |
| Gen. | orðs | orðits | orðs | orðit |
*** orðtak
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orðtak-a][orðtak(a)]]
1. a quote
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakr | orðtakitr |
| Acc. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtak | orðtakit |
| Dat. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakum | orðtakitum |
| Gen. | orðtaks | orðtakits | orðtaks | orðtakit |
*** orðtak(a)
sv. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orð][orð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tak-a][tak(a)]]
1. to quote
Declensions:
- infinitive :: orðtak
- imperative :: orðtak
- imperative passive voice :: orðtakask
- present participle :: orðtakand
- past participle :: orðtakit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+-----------|
| 1s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakumk |
| 2s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtaksk |
| 3s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakisk |
| 1p | | orðtakum | orðtakim | orðtakum | orðtakumk |
| 2p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk |
| 3p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk |
** Ó
*** ó-
prefix {{{phon(ɔ̀)}}}
Equivalent of English /un…/, /not smth/
#+html: ::: tip Example
ótraust
unsafe
#+html: :::
*** ótraust
adj. {{{phon(ˌɔ̀ˈtrɔʊʃt)}}}
1. unsafe, not trustworthy
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+-----------+-----------|
| Sg.Nom. | ótraustr | ótraustt |
| Acc. | ótraust | ótraustt |
| Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum |
| Gen. | ótrausts | ótrausts |
| Pl.Nom. | ótraustar | ótraust |
| Acc. | ótraust | ótraust |
| Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum |
| Gen. | ótraustar | ótraustr |
*** Óðin
pn. {{{phon(ɔðen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0inn][Óðinn]]
1. Odin
| | Sg. |
|------+-------|
| Nom. | Óðinn |
| Acc. | Óðin |
| Dat. | Óðin |
| Gen. | Óðins |
*** Óðinsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(ɔðensdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0insdagr][óðinsdagr]]
1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** óglað
adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3gla%C3%B0r][óglaðr]]
1. very sad, depressed, miserable
Alternative form: *ógjœð*
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+---------+---------|
| Sg.Nom. | óglaðr | óglaðt |
| Acc. | óglað | óglaðt |
| Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum |
| Gen. | óglaðs | óglaðs |
| Pl.Nom. | óglaðar | óglað |
| Acc. | óglað | óglað |
| Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum |
| Gen. | óglaðar | óglaðr |
*** óss
sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]]
1. river mouth
2. fjord mouth
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn |
| Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin |
| Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum |
| Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin |
** P
*** park
wn.n. {{{phon(pɑrk)}}}, from French /parc/
1. parc
2. natural reserve
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | park | parkit | parkr | parkitr |
| Acc. | park | parkit | park | parkit |
| Dat. | park | parkit | parkum | parkitum |
| Gen. | parks | parkits | parks | parkit |
*** pengvin
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]]
1. penguin
Alternative form: *pengven*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinn | pengvinitr |
| Acc. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvin | pengvinit |
| Dat. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinum | pengvinitum |
| Gen. | pengvins | pengvinits | pengvins | pengvinit |
*** pos(i)
wn.n. {{{phon(pos)}}}, probably from Greenlandic /puisi/
1. posi, Eittlandic seal
Alternative form: *pos(e)*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr |
| Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit |
| Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum |
| Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit |
** R
*** ráð
sn.n. {{{phon(rɛ̀ð)}}}
1. advice, counsel
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðitr |
| Acc. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðit |
| Dat. | ráð | ráðit | ráðum | ráðitum |
| Gen. | ráðs | ráðits | ráðs | ráðit |
*** ráðspell
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðˌʃpelː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]]
1. debate
See [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] for declension.
*** ráðuneyt(i)
wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]]
1. Ministry
2. department
Alternative form: *réðoneyt*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr |
| Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit |
| Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum |
| Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit |
*** rauð
adj. {{{phon(rɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rau%C3%B0r][rauðr]]
1. red
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | rauðr | rauðt |
| Acc. | rauð | rauðt |
| Dat. | rauðum | rauðum |
| Gen. | rauðs | rauðs |
| Pl.Nom. | rauðar | rauð |
| Acc. | rauð | rauð |
| Dat. | rauðum | rauðum |
| Gen. | rauðar | rauðr |
*** rekkja (noun)
wn.f. {{{phon(rekxə)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rekkja][rekkja]]
1. nap, siesta
2. makeshift bed, napping bed
3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not
necessarily that of a bed
It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in
a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by
sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal
position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual
workers' workplaces.
This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban
areas.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn |
| Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat |
| Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum |
| Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat |
*** rekkja (verb)
wv. {{{phon(rexː)}}}, from ON
1. to nap in a bed
Declensions:
- infinitive :: rekkja
- imperative :: rekkja
- imperative passive voice :: rekkjask
- present participle :: rekkjand
- past participle :: rekkjit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+------------|
| 1s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk |
| 2s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk |
| 3s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk |
| 1p | | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk |
| 2p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk |
| 3p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk |
*** rekkláð
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]]
1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes”
| | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | rekkláðr | rekkláðitr |
| Acc. | rekkláð | rekkláðit |
| Dat. | rekkláðum | rekkláðitum |
| Gen. | rekkláðs | rekkláðit |
*** rít(a)
sv. {{{phon(rèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%ADta-B][ríta]]
1. to write
Declensions:
- infinitive :: rít
- imperative :: rít
- imperative passive voice :: rítask
- present participle :: rítand
- past participle :: rítit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítumk |
| 2s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítsk |
| 3s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítask |
| 1p | | rítum | rítim | rítum | rítumk |
| 2p | | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask |
| 3p | | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask |
*** rúm
sn.n. {{{phon(ròm)}}}
1. room
2. channel (as in an online app)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmitr |
| Acc. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmit |
| Dat. | rúm | rúmit | rúmum | rúmitum |
| Gen. | rúms | rúmits | rúms | rúmit |
*** rúmvin
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈròmˌβin)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rum][rúm]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]]
1. roommate
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]]
** S
*** -smið
suffix {{{phon(smið)}}}
1. -work
Forms strong masculine nouns
*** sag(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(sɑj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#saga][saga]]
1. story, tale, legend
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | sag | sagat | sagar | sagatr |
| Acc. | sag | sagat | sag | sagat |
| Dat. | sag | sagat | sagum | sagatum |
| Gen. | sags | sagats | sags | sagats |
*** sagj(a)
sv. {{{phon(saj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#segja-A][sagja]]
1. to say, to tell
2. to proclaim, to declare
Declensions:
- infinitive :: sagja
- imperative :: sagja
- imperative passive voice :: sagjask
- present participle :: sagjand
- past participle :: sagjat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk |
| 2s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask |
| 3s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask |
| 1p | | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk |
| 2p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask |
| 3p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask |
*** samrekkja
wv. {{{phon(ˈsamˌrekxə)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]]
1. sleep with someone
2. to have sex with someone (euphemism)
See [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] for conjugaison.
*** sá
{{{phon(sɛ̀)}}}
1. pron. that
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#þess-i][þess(i)]]
2. conj. and adv.: Regional variant of [[file:./dictionary.md#sva][svá]], used mainly in the
Ðeberget bay.
#+name: Declension of the pronoun /sá/
#+caption: sa-pronoun-declension
| / | <r> | | |
| | | Common | Neuter |
|---+---------+--------+--------|
| | Sg.Nom. | sá | þat |
| | Acc. | sann | þat |
| | Dat. | þeim | þí |
| | Gen. | þess | þess |
| | Pl.Nom. | þeir | þau |
| | Acc. | þá | þau |
| | Dat. | þeim | þeim |
| | Gen. | þeir | þeir |
*** sáing
sn.f. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ing][sæing]]
1. bed
Alternative form: *séing*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn |
| Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin |
| Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum |
| Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin |
*** sáingkláð
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#saing][sáing]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]]
1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes”
Alternative form: *séingkléð*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] for declensions.
*** sem
{{{phon(sem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sem][sem]]
1. pron. who, which, that (relative pronoun)
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Maðinn sem talar er bróðin mín.
The man who is speaking is my brother.
#+html: :::
2. conj.
1. (comparative) how, as, like, in the way that
Used as a conjunction to introduce a comparative clause
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Hann svart sem hann vilir.
He replied the way he wanted.
- Ek er eig svá hár sem þú.
I am not as tall as you.
#+html: :::
2. (temporal) when, while
When used as a conjunction, can introduce a temporal clause
#+html: ::: tip Example
Sem ek vas lesand, ek sovnt.
While I was reading, I fell asleep.
#+html: :::
3. (causal) since, because
Introduces a causal clause
#+html: ::: tip Example
Sem ek vas sjúkr, kœmt ek eig.
Since I was sick, I didn’t come.
#+html: :::
*** sitj(a)
iv. {{{phon(siːʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]]
1. to sit
2. to represent (politics)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: sit
- imperative :: sit
- imperative passive voice :: sitask
- present participle :: sitjand
- past participle :: sitit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk |
| 2s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask |
| 3s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask |
| 1p | | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk |
| 2p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask |
| 3p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask |
*** síðan
adv. {{{phon(sèðɑn)}}}, from ON
1. after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority
*** sjá
iv. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]]
1. to see
2. to understand
Alternative form: *sjé*
Declensions:
- infinitive :: sjá
- imperative :: sjá
- imperative passive voice :: sjásk
- present participle :: sjánd
- past participle :: sját
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk |
| 2s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk |
| 3s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk |
| 1p | | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk |
| 2p | | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk |
| 3p | | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk |
*** sjón
sn.f. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sj%C3%B3n][sjón]]
1. vision, sighting
2. spectacle
3. movie
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | sjónn | sjóninn | sjónn | sjóninn |
| Acc. | sjón | sjónin | sjón | sjón |
| Dat. | sjón | sjónin | sjónum | sjóninum |
| Gen. | sjónar | sjónins | sjónar | sjón |
*** sjónvarp
sn.n. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀nβarp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sjon][sjón]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#varp][varp]]
1. movie projection
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#varp][varp]]
*** sjónvarphús
sn.n. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀nβarphòs)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sjonvarp][sjónvarp]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#hus][hús]]
1. cinema, theatre
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#hus][hús]].
*** sjúk
adj. {{{phon(ʃòk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sj%C3%BAkr][sjúkr]]
1. sick, ill, unwell
2. weak, frail
3. nauseous
4. disgusted, repulsed (by something)
5. mentally unwell
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | sjúkr | sjúkt |
| Acc. | sjúk | sjúkt |
| Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum |
| Gen. | sjúks | sjúks |
| Pl.Nom. | sjúkar | sjúk |
| Acc. | sjúk | sjúk |
| Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum |
| Gen. | sjúkar | sjúkr |
*** skal(a)
iv. {{{phon(ʃkul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skulu][skulu]]
1. should, might
2. irrealis or dubitative modal verb
3. neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the
conditional mood
Declensions:
- infinitive :: skal
- imperative :: skal
- present participle :: skaland
- past participle :: skalit
| <c> | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------|
| 1s | | skal | skylir | skyldr |
| 2s | | skalt | skylir | skyldr |
| 3s | | skal | skylir | skyldr |
| 1p | | skulum | skylim | skyldum |
| 2p | | skaluð | skylið | skylduð |
| 3p | | skaluð | skylið | skylduð |
*** skilj(a)
sv. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]]
1. to differenciate
2. to segregate, to separate
3. to understand a difference
Alternative form: *skij*
Declensions:
- infinitive :: skilja
- imperative :: skilja
- imperative passive voice :: skiljask
- present participle :: skiljand
- past participle :: skit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk |
| 2s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask |
| 3s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask |
| 1p | | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk |
| 2p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask |
| 3p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask |
*** skipan
sn.f. {{{phon(ʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skipan][skipan]]
1. arrangement, order, organisation (of things)
2. item box, for organising belongings
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | skipanr | skipaninn | skipann | skipaninn |
| Acc. | skipan | skipanin | skipan | skipanin |
| Dat. | skipan | skipanin | skipanum | skipaninum |
| Gen. | skipanar | skipanins | skipanar | skipanin |
*** skín
wn.n. {{{phon(skèn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skin-a][skín(a)]]
1. shine, shimmer
2. brightness
3. radiance
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | skín | skínit | skínn | skínitr |
| Acc. | skín | skínit | skín | skínit |
| Dat. | skín | skínit | skínum | skínitum |
| Gen. | skíns | skínits | skíns | skínit |
*** skín(a)
sv. {{{phon(ʃkèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%ADna][skína]]
1. to shine
2. to be bright (emitting light)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: skín
- imperative :: skín
- imperative passive voice :: skínask
- present participle :: skínand
- past participle :: skínin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínumk |
| 2s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask |
| 3s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask |
| 1p | | skínum | skínim | skínum | skínumk |
| 2p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask |
| 3p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask |
*** skít
sn.n. {{{phon(ʃkèt)}}}
1. /vulgar/ excrement, shit
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | skít | skítit | skít | skítitr |
| Acc. | skít | skítit | skít | skítit |
| Dat. | skít | skítit | skítum | skítitum |
| Gen. | skíts | skítits | skíts | skítit |
*** skítráð
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃkètˌrɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skit][skít]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]], calque of English /shitpost/
1. shitpost, meme
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]].
*** smár
adj. {{{phon(smɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sm%C3%A1r-A][smár]]
1. small, little
2. narrow
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | smárr | smárt |
| Acc. | smár | smárt |
| Dat. | smárum | smárum |
| Gen. | smárs | smárs |
| Pl.Nom. | smárar | smár |
| Acc. | smár | smár |
| Dat. | smárum | smárum |
| Gen. | smárar | smárr |
*** smársov
wn.n. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]]
1. a nap (in a proper bed)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | smársov | smársovit | smársovr | smársovitr |
| Acc. | smársov | smársovit | smársov | smársovit |
| Dat. | smársov | smársovit | smársovum | smársovitum |
| Gen. | smársovs | smársovits | smársovs | smársovit |
*** smársov(a)
iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]]
1. to nap (in a proper bed)
See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison.
*** snjór
sn.m. {{{phon(sɲɔ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]]
1. snow
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | snjórr | snjórinn | snjórr | snjórinn |
| Acc. | snjór | snjórin | snjór | snjórin |
| Dat. | snjór | snjórin | snjórum | snjórinum |
| Gen. | snjórar | snjórins | snjórar | snjórin |
*** son(n)
sn.m. {{{phon(son)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sonr-B][sonr]]
1. son
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | sonn | soninn | sonn | soninn |
| Acc. | son | sonin | son | sonin |
| Dat. | son | sonin | sonum | soninum |
| Gen. | sonar | sonins | sonar | sonin |
*** sov
wn.n. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]]
1. a sleep, a long rest (in a bed)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | sov | sovit | sovr | sovitr |
| Acc. | sov | sovit | sov | sovit |
| Dat. | sov | sovit | sovum | sovitum |
| Gen. | sovs | sovits | sovs | sovit |
*** sov(a)
iv. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofa-B][sofa]]
1. to sleep
Declensions:
- infinitive :: sov
- imperative :: sov
- imperative passive voice :: sovask
- present participle :: sovand
- past participle :: sovin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk |
| 2s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask |
| 3s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask |
| 1p | | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk |
| 2p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask |
| 3p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask |
*** sovn(a)
wv. {{{phon(soβn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofna][sofna]]
1. to fall asleep
Declensions:
- infinitive :: sovn
- imperative :: sovn
- imperative passive voice :: sovnask
- present participle :: sovnand
- past participle :: sovnit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------|
| 1s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovnumk |
| 2s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk |
| 3s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk |
| 1p | | sovnum | sovnim | sovnum | sovnumk |
| 2p | | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk |
| 3p | | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk |
*** sól
sn.f. {{{phon(sɔ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3l-A][sól]]
1. the Sun
2. a sun, a star (astronomical sense)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | sól | sólinn | sóll | sólinn |
| Acc. | sól | sólin | sól | sólin |
| Dat. | sól | sólin | sólum | sólinum |
| Gen. | sólar | sólins | sólar | sólin |
See [[file:./dictionary.md#man-i][mán(i)]] for notes regarding the use of the different cases of this
word.
*** sólskin
{{{phon(sɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3lskin2][sólskin]]
1. wn.n. sunshine
2. adj. sunny
#+name: Noun declension of /sólskin/
#+caption: solskin-noun-declension
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinitr |
| Acc. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinit |
| Dat. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskinum | sólskinitum |
| Gen. | sólskins | sólskinits | sólskins | sólskinit |
#+name: Adjective declension of /sólskin/
#+caption: solskin-adj-declension
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+-----------+-----------|
| Sg.Nom. | sólskinn | sólskint |
| Acc. | sólskin | sólskint |
| Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum |
| Gen. | sólskins | sólskins |
| Pl.Nom. | sólskinar | sólskin |
| Acc. | sólskin | sólskin |
| Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum |
| Gen. | sólskinar | sólskinn |
*** sólskin(a)
sv. {{{phon(ˈsɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#solskin][sólskin]]
1. to be sunny
2. to be a nice day
Declensions:
- infinitive :: sólskin
- present participle :: sólskinand
- past participle :: sólskinin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------|
| 3s | | sólskinar | sólskinir | sólskint | sólskinask |
| 3p | | sólskinið | sólskinið | sólskinuð | sólskinask |
This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all,
always in the third personl
*** spell
sn.n. {{{phon(ʃpelː)}}}
1. speech, saying
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | spell | spellit | spell | spellitr |
| Acc. | spell | spellit | spell | spellit |
| Dat. | spell | spellit | spellum | spellitum |
| Gen. | spells | spellits | spells | spellit |
*** styrsamhald(i)
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]]
(a holding together, unity).
1. military batallion
2. mitilary unit, group
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------|
| Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr |
| Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit |
| Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum |
| Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit |
*** sunn(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(sunː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunna][sunna]]
1. the sun (general usage)
2. a sun (modern)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr |
| Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit |
| Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum |
| Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit |
The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used
in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular
indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written
Eitlandic, /Sunn/ is the sun, while /sunn/ is a sun.
*** Sunsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(sunsndaɣ)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunnudagr][sunnudagr]]
1. Sunday, first day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** svar(a)
wv. {{{phon(sβar)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svara][svara]]
1. to reply, to answer
Declensions:
- infinitive :: svar
- imperative :: svar
- imperative passive voice :: svarask
- present participle :: svarand
- past participle :: svarit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------|
| 1s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarumk |
| 2s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk |
| 3s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk |
| 1p | | svarum | svarim | svarum | svarumk |
| 2p | | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk |
| 3p | | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk |
*** svart(r)
adj. {{{phon(sβɑrt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svartr][svartr]]
1. black
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+---------+---------|
| Sg.Nom. | svartr | svartt |
| Acc. | svart | svartt |
| Dat. | svartum | svartum |
| Gen. | svarts | svarts |
| Pl.Nom. | svartar | svart |
| Acc. | svart | svart |
| Dat. | svartum | svartum |
| Gen. | svartar | svartr |
*** svá
{{{phon(sβɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%A1-B][svá]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#þa][þá]]
1. conj. thus, therefore, then, consequently
Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit
than with /þá/. /Ef/ is only followed by /svá/, never /þá/.
2. adv. so, thus, thusly, this way
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Ek ger þett svá.
I do it this way
- Han talt svá mjúklig
She spoke so softly
#+html: :::
** T
*** tak(a)
sv. {{{phon(tɑk)}}}
1. to take, to seize
2. to capture (figuratively)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: tak
- imperative :: tak
- imperative passive voice :: takask
- present participle :: takand
- past participle :: takit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | takar | takir | takt | takumk |
| 2s | | takar | takir | takt | taksk |
| 3s | | takar | takir | takt | takask |
| 1p | | takum | takim | takum | takumk |
| 2p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask |
| 3p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask |
*** tal(a)
**** Noun
wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]]
1. number
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr |
| Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat |
| Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum |
| Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat |
**** Verb
wv. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#tala2][tala]]
1. to talk, to speak
With prepositions:
- tal til :: to talk to someone
- tal um :: to talk about
- tal eftir :: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words
- tal á málskipan :: to speak a language
Declensions:
- infinitive :: tal
- imperative :: tal
- imperative passive voice :: talask
- present participle :: taland
- past participle :: talin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | talar | talir | talt | talumk |
| 2s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk |
| 3s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk |
| 1p | | talum | talim | talum | talumk |
| 2p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk |
| 3p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk |
*** tarr(a)
sv. {{{phon(tɑrː)}}}
1. to spread out
Declensions:
- infinitive :: tarr
- imperative :: tarr
- imperative passive voice :: tarrask
- present participle :: tarrand
- past participle :: tarrit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrumk |
| 2s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrsk |
| 3s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrisk |
| 1p | | tarrum | tarrim | tarrum | tarrumk |
| 2p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk |
| 3p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk |
*** til
prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]]
1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively)
**** til ná
1. adv. still
*** Tíbet
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈtèbet)}}}, borrowed from Danish /Tibet/
1. Tibet
| | Sg. |
|------+--------|
| Nom. | Tíbet |
| Acc. | Tíbet |
| Dat. | Tíbet |
| Gen. | Tíbets |
*** ton
wn.m. {{{phon(ton)}}}, from Middle Low German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ton#Middle_Low_German][ton]]
1. tune, tone
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr |
| Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit |
| Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum |
| Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit |
*** tonlist
wn.f. {{{phon(tonliʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ton][ton]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]]
1. music
See [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] for declensions.
*** traust
adj. {{{phon(trɔʊʃt)}}}
1. trusty, trustworthy, safe
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+----------+----------|
| Sg.Nom. | traustr | traustt |
| Acc. | traust | traustt |
| Dat. | traustum | traustum |
| Gen. | trausts | trausts |
| Pl.Nom. | traustar | traust |
| Acc. | traust | traust |
| Dat. | traustum | traustum |
| Gen. | traustar | traustr |
*** tren
wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]]
1. train
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr |
| Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit |
| Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum |
| Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit |
*** tung
wn.f. {{{phon(tuŋ)}}}
1. tongue (spoken)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | tung | tungit | tungr | tungitr |
| Acc. | tung | tungit | tung | tungit |
| Dat. | tung | tungit | tungum | tungitum |
| Gen. | tungs | tungits | tungs | tungit |
*** týr
in.m. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr][týr]]
1. god, divinity
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn |
| Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin |
| Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum |
| Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin |
*** Týr
pn. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][Týr]]
1. the god Týr
| | Sg. |
|------+-----|
| Nom. | Týr |
| Acc. | Tý |
| Dat. | Tív |
| Gen. | Týs |
*** Týsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(tøsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][týsdagr]]
1. Tuesday, third day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
** U
*** um
prep. {{{phon(um)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#um-acc-A][um]]
1. around
2. about
3. concerning (something)
#+html: ::: tip Example
Hann es mannin um talt ek þér
He's the guy I spoke to you about
| han-n | es | mann-in | um | tal-t | ek | þér |
| 3sm-NOM | to.be.3sg.PRES | 1s.NOM | about | 2s.DAT | speak-1s.PST | about |
#+html: :::
*** undir
adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse][undir]]
1. under, underneath, below
Can only be used with a dative noun phrase.
#+html: ::: tip Example
Bókinn er undir borðitum.
| bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum |
| book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N |
The book is under the table
#+html: :::
*** undirland
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈundirˌland)}}}, calque of English “underground” using [[file:./dictionary.md#undir][undir]]
and [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]]
1. underground, subway
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#metr-o][metr(o)]]
See [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] for declensions.
*** universitet
wn.n. {{{phon(oneˈβersetet)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t#German][Universität]]
1. university
Alternative form: *oneversetet*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------|
| Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr |
| Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit |
| Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum |
| Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit |
*** uppá
prep. {{{phon(ˈuɸːə̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#upp%C3%A1][uppá]]
1. upon
Alternative form: *offá*
** Ú
*** úlf
sn.m. {{{phon(òlv)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr][úlfr]]
1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/.
Alternative form: *olv*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn |
| Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin |
| Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum |
| Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin |
** V
*** varm
adj. {{{phon(βarm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#varmr][varmr]]
1. warm, hot
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | varmr | varmt |
| Acc. | varm | varmt |
| Dat. | varmum | varmum |
| Gen. | varms | varms |
| Pl.Nom. | varmar | varm |
| Acc. | varm | varm |
| Dat. | varmum | varmum |
| Gen. | varmar | varmr |
*** varp
sn.n. {{{phon(βarp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#verp-a][verp]]
1. casting, throwing
2. projection
3. /colloquial/ a movie projection
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | varp | varpit | varp | varpitr |
| Acc. | varp | varpit | varp | varpit |
| Dat. | varp | varpit | varpum | varpitum |
| Gen. | varps | varpits | varps | varpit |
*** ván
sn.f. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1n][ván]]
1. hope
2. wish
Alternative form: *vén*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn |
| Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin |
| Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum |
| Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin |
*** ván(a)
iv. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1na][vána]]
1. to hope
2. to wish for
Uses a dative for its second argument.
Alternative form: *vén(a)*
Declensions:
- infinitive :: ván
- imperative :: ván
- imperative passive voice :: vánask
- present participle :: vánand
- past participle :: vánit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------+--------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk |
| 2s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk |
| 3s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk |
| 1p | | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk |
| 2p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk |
| 3p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk |
*** veisheit
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Weisheit#German][Weisheit]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#visk-a][visk(a)]]
1. knowledge or wisdom
2. insight
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitr | veisheititr |
| Acc. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheit | veisheitit |
| Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum |
| Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit |
*** ver(a)
iv. {{{phon(βer)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vera#Old_Norse][vera]]
1. to be
2. active auxilliary
Declensions:
- infinitive :: ver
- imperative :: ves
- present participle :: verand
- past participle :: vest
| | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past |
|----+------------+-------------+-----------+------------|
| 1s | em | sé | vas | vár |
| 2s | est/ert | sér | vast | vár |
| 3s | es/er | sé | vas | vár |
| 1p | er | sé | var | vár |
| 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið |
| 3p | er | sé | var | vár |
The distinction between /est/ or /ert/ and /es/ or /er/ is purely based on the
dialect one speaks. In general, the /est/ and /es/ form is preferred in
Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while
/ert/ and /er/ is preferred everywhere else.
*** verp(a)
sv. {{{phon(βerp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verpa][verpa]]
1. to throw
2. to cast (e.g. a movie)
Declensions:
- infinitive :: verp
- imperative :: verp
- imperative passive voice :: verpask
- present participle :: verpand
- past participle :: verpit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpumk |
| 2s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask |
| 3s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask |
| 1p | | verpum | verpim | verpum | verpumk |
| 2p | | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask |
| 3p | | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask |
*** vest
adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr]]
1. West, westward
*** vél
sn.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]]
1. machine, craft
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn |
| Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin |
| Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum |
| Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin |
*** vétal(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɛ̀tal)}}}, portemanteau of [[file:./dictionary.md#vel][vél]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]]
1. computer
See [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] for declensions.
*** vik(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(βik)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vika-B][vika]]
1. a week
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | vik | vikat | vikr | vikatr |
| Acc. | vik | vikat | vik | vikat |
| Dat. | vik | vikat | vikum | vikatum |
| Gen. | viks | vikats | viks | vikat |
**** Days of the week
1. [[file:./dictionary.md#sunsdag][Sunsdag]]
2. [[file:./dictionary.md#mansdag][Mánsdag]]
3. [[file:./dictionary.md#tysdag][Týsdag]]
4. [[file:./dictionary.md#oðinsdag][Óðinsdag]]
5. [[file:./dictionary.md#þorsdag][Þórsdag]]
6. [[file:./dictionary.md#fridag][Frídag]]
7. [[file:./dictionary.md#laurdag][Laurdag]]
*** vilja
iv. {{{phon(βiʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vilja][vilja]]
1. to want, to wish
Declensions:
- infinitive :: vilja
- imperative :: vilja
- imperative passive voice :: viljask
- present participle :: viljand
- past participle :: viljit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk |
| 2s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk |
| 3s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk |
| 1p | | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk |
| 2p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk |
| 3p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk |
*** vin
sn.m. {{{phon(βin)}}}
1. friend
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | vinn | vininn | vinn | vininn |
| Acc. | vin | vinin | vin | vinin |
| Dat. | vin | vinin | vinum | vininum |
| Gen. | vinar | vinins | vinar | vinin |
*** vinbú
wn.m. {{{phon(ˈβinˌbò)}}}
1. pet
2. roommate (derogatory)
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]].
*** vind
sn.m. {{{phon(βind)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vindr2][vindr]]
1. wind
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | vindr | vindinn | vindr | vindinn |
| Acc. | vind | vindin | vind | vindin |
| Dat. | vind | vindin | vindum | vindinum |
| Gen. | vindar | vindins | vindar | vindin |
*** vindaug(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβindˌɔ̀j)}}}, from [[file:dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#aug-a][aug(a)]]
1. window
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugatr |
| Acc. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugat |
| Dat. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaugum | vindaugatum |
| Gen. | vindaugas | vindaugats | vindaugas | vindaugat |
*** vit
interj. {{{phon(βit)}}}
1. question marker, see [[file:./grammar.md#yes-no-questions][yes/no questions]], probably from an inuit
dialect.
*** visk(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(βiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vizka][vizka]]
1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience
See [[file:./dictionary.md#veisheit][veisheit]] for a more general term for /wisdow/
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | visk | viskit | viskr | viskitr |
| Acc. | visk | viskit | visk | viskit |
| Dat. | visk | viskit | viskum | viskitum |
| Gen. | visks | viskits | visks | viskit |
** Y
*** ynnlig
{{{phon(ynːliɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/y.php#ynniliga][ynniliga]]
1. adv. cutely, lovely, adorably
2. adj. cute, lovely, adorably
#+name: ynnlig-adjective-declension
#+caption: Declension of /ynnlig/ as an adjective
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+----------+----------|
| Sg.Nom. | ynnligr | ynnligt |
| Acc. | ynnlig | ynnligt |
| Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum |
| Gen. | ynnligs | ynnligs |
| Pl.Nom. | ynnligar | ynnlig |
| Acc. | ynnlig | ynnlig |
| Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum |
| Gen. | ynnligar | ynnligr |
** Ý
** Z
** Ø
** Œ
*** Œgir
pn. {{{phon(ˈœjer)}}}
1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic
fjords.
Alternative form: *Œjer*
** Đ
** Þ
*** þá
conj. {{{phon(θɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%A1][þá]]
1. then, temporal continuity or implied consequence
2. plural accusative form of [[file:./dictionary.md#sa][sá]]
#+html: ::: tip Example
Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin
He came home, then closed and locked the door
#+html: :::
*** þegar
{{{phon(θejar)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEegar][þegar]]
1. adv. already, at once
2. conj. when
*** þess(i)
pron. {{{phon(θesː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEessi][þessi]]
1. this
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#sa][sá]]
*** Þór
pn.m. {{{phon(θɔr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rr-A][Þórr]]
1. Thor
| | Sg. |
|------+------|
| Nom. | Þórr |
| Acc. | Þór |
| Dat. | Þór |
| Gen. | Þórs |
*** Þórsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(θɔrsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rsdagr][þórsdagr]]
1. Thursday, fifth day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** því
adv. {{{phon(θwe)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEv%C3%AD][því]]
1. because
* Notes :noexport:
** Declension templates
*** Nouns
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+-----+---------|
| Nom. | | | | |
| Acc. | | | | |
| Dat. | | | | |
| Gen. | | | | |
*** Adjectives
| | Common | Neuter |
|---------+--------+--------|
| Sg.Nom. | | |
| Acc. | | |
| Dat. | | |
| Gen. | | |
| Pl.Nom. | | |
| Acc. | | |
| Dat. | | |
| Gen. | | |
*** Verbs
Declensions:
- infinitive ::
- imperative ::
- imperative passive voice ::
- present participle ::
- past participle ::
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------|
| 1s | | | | | |
| 2s | | | | | |
| 3s | | | | | |
| 1p | | | | | |
| 2p | | | | | |
| 3p | | | | | |
** Numbers
- einn
- tveir
- þrír / þrer
- férir
- femm
- sex
- se
- átt / étt
- ní / ne
- tí / te
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