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Dictionary

Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind:

acc
accusative
adj
adjective
adv
adverb
art
article
aux
auxiliary
c
common
comp
comparative
conj
conjunction
Dan
Danish
dat
dative
def
definite
Eng
English
EON
Early Old Norse
f
feminine
gen
genitive
Ger
German
imp
imperative
ind
indicative
interr
interrogative
iv
irregular verb
m
masculine
mass
mass noun
ME
Middle Eittlandic
n
neuter
neg
negative
nom
nominal
Nor
Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
num
numeral
OE
Old Eittlandic
OI
Old Icelandic
ON
Old Norse
pas
passive
pl
plural
prep
preposition
pret
preterite
pron
pronoun
sc
strong common
sg
singular
sn
strong neuter
stg
strong
sv
strong verb
Swe
Swedish
wk
weak
wn
weak noun
wv
weak verb

Note that when a word is marked solely as masculine, feminine or neutral, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as adj. should be added, for instance f.adj. for a feminine adjective.

All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects.

All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling following it (e.g. gleym(a) - gløym). Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic, however variations may exist from one dialect to another. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the ru part of the dat.pl. declention, going from férum to fém, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.

Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, dag can represent two forms of the word dag(r), dag and dag(a). The former is pronounced . They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as dag(r) shown above which doesn’t exist as dagr in Standard Eittlandic, only as dag. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, dagr becomes dagann due to the underlying «a» in its accusative form dag(a) while fiskr becomes fiskinn (the «i» is added when no other vowel can replace it). To symbolize which definite article is used with nouns, it is indicated between parenthesis in the accusative case, preceeded by a dash, as in dag(a-n).

A

aug(a) - ój

wn.n.

  1. eye
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. aug augat aug augatr
Acc. aug augat aug augat
Dat. aug augat augum augatum
Gen. augas augats augas augat

Á

áng - éng

interj.

  1. positive counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut aang and Proto-Eskimoan *aa or *ii.

B

borð

sn.n.

  1. table
  2. large plank
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. borð borðit borðr borðitr
Acc. borð borðit borð borðit
Dat. borð borðit borðum borðitum
Gen. borðs borðits borðs borðit

borg

sn.f , from ON borg

  1. city
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. borgr borginn borgr borginn
Acc. borg borgin borg borgin
Dat. borg borgin borgum borginum
Gen. borgar borgins borgar borgin

bræð - bréð

sm.

See bróð

bróð(i)

sm. , from ON bróðir

  1. brother, plural bræð

Re-analysis of ON bródir decomposed into bróð + -ir by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural bræðir which got re-analyzed into bræð + -ir.

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bróðr bróðinn bræðr bræðinn
Acc. bróð bróðin bræð bræðin
Dat. bróðir bróðin bræðir bræðinum
Gen. bróð bróðins bræðum bræðin

bók(a)

sf. , from ON bók

  1. book, plural bøk
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. bókr bókann bøkr bøkann
Acc. bók bókan bøk bøkan
Dat. bókar bókan bøkar bøkanum
Gen. bók bókans bøkum bøkan

bøk

sf.

See bók

C

D

djúp - djóp

adj. , from ON djúpr

  1. deep
  2. profound (figuratively)

djúplig - djópleg

adv. , from OE djúpr (see djúp) with OE suffix -ligr (see ON -ligr)

  1. deeply
  2. inherently

dótt(i)

sn.f. , from ON dóttir

  1. daughter
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. dóttr dóttinn dœttr dœttinn
Acc. dótt dóttin dœtt dœttin
Dat. dótt dóttin dœttum dœttinum
Gen. dóttir dóttins dœttar dœttin

E

edd(a)

wf. , from ON edda

  1. great grandmother
  2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. edd eddann eddr eddann
Acc. edd eddan edd eddan
Dat. eddas eddan eddam eddanum
Gen. eddas eddans eddas eddan

Eittland

wn. , from OE neutral einn (alone, lonely), itself from ON einn, and ON land

  1. High Kingdom of Eittland
  2. island of Eittland
Sg.
Nom. Eittland
Acc. Eittland
Gen. Eittlands
Dat. Eittland

ell(a)

, from ON ella

  1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
  2. (conj.) or

É

F

fað(i)

sn.m. , from ON faðir

  1. father, plural feð

Re-analysis of sg. fadir and pl. feðir as fað and feð respectively, each appended with a grammatical -r or -ir (which later got reduced to -r).

Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. faðr faðinn feðr feðinn
Acc. fað faðin feð feðin
Dat. fað faðin feðum feðinum
Gen. faðar faðins feðar feðin

far(a)

iv. , from ON fara

  1. to go
infinitive
far
imperative
far
imperative passive voice
farsk
present participle
farand
past participle
farit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s ferr ferir fert ferumk
2s ferr ferir fert ferisk
3s ferr ferir fert ferisk
1p farum farim farum farumk
2p farið farið faruð farask
3p farið farið faruð farask

feð

sm.

See fað

ferð

sn.m. , from EON ferðr

  1. fjord, bay

fé

sn.n.mass. , from ON fé (cattle)

  1. wealth
Singular Plural
Nom. fé fé
Acc. fé fé
Dat. fé fém
Gen. fés fés

fisk

sn.m. , from ON fiskr

  1. fish
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. fiskr fiskinn fiskr fiskinn
Acc. fisk fiskin fisk fiskin
Dat. fisk fiskin fiskum fiskinum
Gen. fiskar fiskins fiskar fiskin

G

gauð - jauð

wn.f. , from ON gauð (a barking)

  1. a quarrel
  2. a heated debate (informal)
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. gauð gauðit gauðr gauðitr
Acc. gauð gauðit gauð gauðit
Dat. gauð gauðit gauðum gauðitum
Gen. gauðs gauðits gauðs gauðit

gef - jev

sn.f. , from Early Old Norse gef

  1. gift, present
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. gefr gefinn gefr gefinn
Acc. gef gefin gef gefin
Dat. gef gefin gefum gefinum
Gen. gefar gefins gefar gefin

gegn - jegn

adv. , from ON gegn

  1. against, opposing

gleym(a) / gløym

  1. , from ON gleyma
  2. to forget
infinitive
gleym
imperative
gleym
imperative passive voice
gleymsk
present participle
gleymand
past participle
gleymit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s gleymr gleymir gleymt gleymumk
2s gleymr gleymir gleymt gleymask
3s gleymr gleymir gleymt gleymask
1p gleymum gleymir gleymum gleymumk
2p gleymið gleymið gleymuð gleymask
3p gleymið gleymið gleymuð gleymask

The verb gleym takes a dative instead of an accusative.

::: tip Example

  1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum

    ek gleym-r opt lykill-inum
    1s.NOM forget-1s.PRES often key-pl.DAT.ART.DEF.

    I often forget the keys

  2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin

    hann haft gleymt at far til borg-in
    3s.m.NOM have.3s.PST forget.3s.PST to.DAT go.INF to city-def.art.s.DAT

    He forgot to go to the city.

H

hav(a)

iv. , from ON hafa

  1. to have
  2. stative auxilliary
Inflexions
infinitive
hav
imperative
hav (except 2p haft)
imperative passive voice
hafsk (except 1p havumsk)
present participle
havand
past participle
hafr
Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Indicative Past Subjunctive Past
1s hav hav haft haft
2s havir havir haftir haftir
3s havir hav haft haft
1p havum havim haft haft
2p haft haft haftuð haftið
3p hav hav haft haft

Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice.

Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Indicative Past Subjunctive Past
1 havumk havumk havumk heðumk
2 hafsk havisk havisk heðisk
3 hafsk havisk havisk heðisk

heils(a)

wn.f. , from ON heilsa

  1. health
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. heils heilsat heilsr heilsatr
Acc. heils heilsat heils heilsat
Dat. heils heilsat heilsum heilsatum
Gen. heilsas heilsats heilsas heilsat

historja

wn.f. , from Latin historia

  1. history

hjól

sn.n. , from ON hjól

  1. wheel
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hjól hjólit hjól hjólitr
Acc. hjól hjólit hjól hjólit
Dat. hjól hjólit hjólum hjólitum
Gen. hjóls hjólits hjóls hjólit

hler(a)

  1. , from ON hlera
  2. to hear
  3. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)
infinitive
hler
imperative
hler
imperative passive voice
hlerask (except 1p hlerumk)
present participle
hlerand
past participle
hlerit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s hlerr hlerir hlert hlerumk
2s hlerr hlerir hlert hlerask
3s hlerr hlerir hlert hlerask
1p hlerum hlerim hlerum hlerumk
2p hlerið hlerið hleruð hlerask
3p hlerið hlerið hleruð hlerask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase if there is one.

hlóð

wn.n. , from ON hlóð

  1. hearth
  2. living room
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hlóð hlóðit hlóðr hlóðitr
Acc. hlóð hlóðit hlóð hlóðit
Dat. hlóð hlóðit hlóðum hlóðitum
Gen. hlóðs hlóðits hlóðs hlóðits

hlust(a)

  1. , from ON hlusta
  2. to listen to
infinitive
hlust
imperative
hlust
imperative passive voice
hlustask (except 1p hlustumk)
present participle
hlustand
past participle
hlustit
person Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Past Passive
1s hlustr hlustir hlustat hlustumk
2s hlustr hlustir hlustat hlustask
3s hlustr hlustir hlustat hlustask
1p hlustum hlustim hlustum hlustumk
2p hlustið hlustið hlustuð hlustask
3p hlustið hlustið hlustuð hlustask

Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase if there is one.

::: tip Example
  1. Han hlustr henn He’s listening to her
  2. Vér hlustum eigi We did not listen
:::

hneis(a)

wn.f. , from ON hneisa

  1. shame, disgrace, fear
  2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
  3. social isolation
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hneis hneisit hneisr hneisitr
Acc. hneis hneisit hneis hneisit
Dat. hneis hneisit hneisum hneisitum
Gen. hneisas hneisits hneisas hneisits

hneising

wn.n.

  1. hermit
  2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. hneising hneisingit hneisingr hneisingitr
Acc. hneising hneisingit hneising hneisingit
Dat. hneising hneisingit hneisingum hneisingitum
Gen. hneisings hneisingits hneisings hneisingit

hnjós(a)

  1. , from ON hnjósa
  2. to sneeze

hrifs - hrivs

  1. , from ON hrifs
  2. assault, mugging

hvar

pron. , from ON hvar

  1. where

hvat

adv. , from ON hvat

  1. what

hví - hve

adv. , from ON hví

  1. why

hvít

adj. , from ON hvítr

  1. white

I

ikkí

interj.

  1. How cold! Brr!

From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic ikkii.

Í

J

já - jé

, from ON já

  1. (adv) yes
  2. (interj) yes (as an exclamation of joy)

K

kaup(a) - kóp

  1. , from ON kaupa
  2. commerce
  3. bargain, barter

kék

adj.

  1. gray (hair colour)

Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic qeeq

kom(a)

sv. , from ON koma

  1. to come

Konung - Kononɡ

sn.m. , from ON konungr

  1. king

konunɡliɡ - konongleg

, from konung and suffix -lig.

  1. adv. royaly
  2. adj. royal

L

land

sn.n. , from ON land

  1. land
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. land landit land landitr
Acc. land landit land landit
Dat. land landit landum landitum
Gen. lands landits lands landit

lykil

wn.m. , from ON lykill

  1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
  2. musical key
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. lykil lykilit lykill lykilitr
Acc. lykil lykilit lykil lykilit
Dat. lykil lykilit lykilum lykilitum
Gen. lykils lykilits lykils lykilit

M

metr(o)

wn.n. , from French “métro”

  1. subway, underground
Sg. Def.Sg. Pl. Def.Pl.
Nom. metr metrot metror metrotr
Acc. metr metrot metr metrot
Dat. metr metrot metrum metrotum
Gen. metros metrots metros metrot

See also undirland

með

adv.

  1. with
  2. prefix with, co-smth. See

Meðkonung

sn.m. , see með and konung - kononɡ

  1. Co-King

mið

adj. , from ON miðr

  1. middle (physically and temporaly)
  2. midways

myrɡunn

  1. , from ON myrgunn
  2. morning, aurora

N

ná - né

adv. , from ON ná

  1. now

    ::: tip Example

    Ná kom ek frá universitetit.

    I come from the university now.

    :::

  2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences

    ::: tip Example

    Ek kom frá universitetit ná!

    • I come from the university (you know)

    or

    • (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
    :::

  3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb

    ::: tip Example

    Ek kom ná frá universitetit.

    I’m coming from the university.

    :::

náng - néng

interj.

  1. negative counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar

This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut nangaa and Proto-Eskimoan *nanka, and Western Greenlandic naagga.

nei

, from ON nei

  1. (adv.) no
  2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret

norvegsúlf(r) - norvejsólv

  1. , from ON Noregs (genitive of ON Noregr) and ON

úlfr

  1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.

Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler úlfr term. Noun composed by Old Norse noregs (genitive of Noregr, Norway) and úlfr.

O

opt - oft

adv. , from ON opt

  1. often

Ó

óglað - ógjœð

adj. , from ON óglaðr

  1. very sad, depressed, miserable

óss

sn.m. , from ON óss

  1. river mouth
  2. fjord mouth

P

pengvin - pengven

  1. , from French pingouin through Danish pingvin
  2. penguin

R

ráðuneyt(i) - réðoneyt

wn.m. , from OI ráðuneyti

  1. Ministry
  2. department

S

sitj(a)

  1. , from ON sitja
  2. to sit
  3. to represent (politics)

sjá - sjé

  1. , from ON sjá
  2. to see
  3. to understand

skilj(a) - skij

  1. , from ON skilja
  2. to differenciate
  3. to segregate, to separate
  4. to understand a difference

snjór

  1. , from ON snjór
  2. snow

styrsamhald(i)

  1. , from Old Norse styrr (stir, battle) and

samhaldi (a holding together, unity).

  1. military batallion
  2. mitilary unit, group

T

tal(a)

wn.f. , from ON tala

  1. numbers

tren

wn.n. , from English train

  1. train

U

undir

adj. , from ON undir

  1. under, underneath, below

Can only be used with accusative or dative.

::: tip Example

Bókinn er undir borðitum.

bók-inn er undir borð-itum
book-DEF.NOM.SG.C be.3sg.PRES.IND under table-DEF.DAT.SG.N

The book is under the table

:::

undirland

sn.n. , calque of English “underground” using undir and land

  1. underground, subway

See also metr(o)

universitet - oneversetet

wn.n. , from German Universität

  1. university

uppá - offá

prep. , from ON uppá

  1. upon

Ú

úlf(r) - olv

  1. , from ON úlfr
  2. wolf-dog. See also noregsúlfr.

V

veisheit

wn.f. , from German Weisheit, see also visk(a)

  1. knowledge or wisdom
  2. insight

ver(a)

iv. , from ON vera

  1. to be
  2. active auxilliary
Inflexions
infinitive
ver
imperative
ver
present participle
verand
past participle
vert
Indicative Present Subjunctive Present Indicative Past Subjunctive Past
1s em sé var vár
2s ert sér vart vár
3s er sé var vár
1p er sé var vár
2p eruð séð varð várið
3p er sé var vár

vest

adv. , from ON vestr

  1. West, westward

vél

sc.f. , from ON vél

  1. machine, craft

vétal(a)

wn.f. , portemanteau of vél and tal(a)

  1. computer

vit

interj.

  1. question marker, see yes/no questions, probably from a Greenlandic dialect, see Greenlandic interrogative moods.

visk(a)

  1. , from ON vizka
  2. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience

See veisheit for a more general term for wisdow

Y

Ý

Z

Ø

Œ

Œgir - Œjer

  2. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western

Eittlandic fjords.

Đ

Þ