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#+setupfile: ../headers
* Dictionary
Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses
some abbreviations you should keep in mind:
- acc :: accusative
- adj :: adjective
- adv :: adverb
- art :: article
- aux :: auxiliary
- c :: common
- comp :: comparative
- conj :: conjunction
- Dan :: Danish
- dat :: dative
- def :: definite
- Eng :: English
- EON :: Early Old Norse
- f :: feminine
- gen :: genitive
- Ger :: German
- imp :: imperative
- in :: irregular noun
- ind :: indicative
- interr :: interrogative
- iv :: irregular verb
- m :: masculine
- mass :: mass noun
- ME :: Middle Eittlandic
- n :: neuter
- neg :: negative
- nom :: nominal
- Nor :: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
- num :: numeral
- OE :: Old Eittlandic
- OI :: Old Icelandic
- ON :: Old Norse
- pas :: passive
- pl :: plural
- pn :: proper noun
- prep :: preposition
- pret :: preterite
- pron :: pronoun
- sg :: singular
- sn :: strong noun
- stg :: strong
- sv :: strong verb
- Swe :: Swedish
- wk :: weak
- wn :: weak noun
- wv :: weak verb
Note that when a word is marked solely as /masculine/, /feminine/ or
/neutral/, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as /adj./ should
be added, for instance /f.adj./ for a feminine adjective.
All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard
Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other
dialects.
All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with
occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the
word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as
a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard
Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another
that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic
dialects lost the /ru/ part of the dat.pl. declention, going from /férum/
to /fém/, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the
former form.
Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but
are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of
the word and its surroundings. For instance, /dag/ can represent three
forms of the word: /dagr/, /dag/ and /daga/ (the /-r/ and /-a/ are silent in
Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced {{{phon(daɣ)}}} while the
other two are pronounced {{{phon(daj)}}}. They can also represent
grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic,
such as /dagr/. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it
doesn’t exist as /dagr/ in Standard Eittlandic, only as /dag/. The
underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite
form. For instance, /dagr/ becomes /dagann/ due to the underlying /-a/ in
its accusative form /dag(a)/ while /fiskr/ becomes /fiskinn/ (the «i» is
added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite
form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.
** A
*** aug(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ɔ̀j)}}}
1. eye
Alternative form: *ój*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | aug | augat | aug | augatr |
| Acc. | aug | augat | aug | augat |
| Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum |
| Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat |
** Á
*** ábreið(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]]
1. bed covering, cover, bedspread
2. any kind of cloth used for beds
Alternative form: *ébreið(a)*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr |
| Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit |
| Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum |
| Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit |
*** áng
interj. {{{phon(ɛŋ)}}}
1. positive counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar
Alternative form: *éng*
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was
borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken
by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut /aang/ and
Proto-Eskimoan /*aa/ or /*ii/.
** B
*** borð
sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}}
1. table
2. large plank
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr |
| Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit |
| Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum |
| Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit |
*** borg
sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]]
1. city
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn |
| Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin |
| Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum |
| Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin |
*** bræð
sn.m. {{{phon(brɛð)}}}
Alternative form: *bréð*
See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]]
*** bróð(i)
sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]]
1. brother, plural /bræð/
Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular
etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bræðir/ which got
re-analyzed into /bræð/ + /-ir/.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bræðr | bræðinn |
| Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bræð | bræðin |
| Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bræðir | bræðinum |
| Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bræðum | bræðin |
*** bók(a)
sn.f. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]]
1. book, plural /bøk/
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann |
| Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan |
| Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum |
| Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan |
*** bøk
sn.f. {{{phon(bø̀k)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#bok(r)][/bók/]]
** C
** D
*** dag
sn.m. {{{phon(daɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dagr][dagr]]
1. natural day
2. day (unit of time), 24 hours
3. í dag: today
4. week day
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | dagr {{{phon(daɡr̩)}}} | daginn | dagr | daginn |
| Acc. | dag {{{phon(daɣ)}}} | dagin | dag | dagin |
| Dat. | dag {{{phon(daj)}}} | dagin | dagum | daginum |
| Gen. | dagar {{{phon(dajar)}}} | dagins | dagar | dagin |
Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of
the final «g» of /dag/ ends up differing even if the written form does
not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help
students remember how these different forms are pronounced.
*** djúp
adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr][djúpr]]
1. deep
2. profound (figuratively)
Alternative form: *djóp*
*** djúplig
adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see
ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]])
1. deeply
2. inherently
Alternative form: *djópleg*
*** dótt(i)
sn.f. {{{phon(dɔ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]]
1. daughter
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | dóttr | dóttinn | dœttr | dœttinn |
| Acc. | dótt | dóttin | dœtt | dœttin |
| Dat. | dótt | dóttin | dœttum | dœttinum |
| Gen. | dóttir | dóttins | dœttar | dœttin |
*** dýn(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDna][dýna]]
1. mattress
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr |
| Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat |
| Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum |
| Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat |
*** dýnsábreið(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀nsɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]]
1. blanket
Alternative form: *dønsébreið(a)*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] for declensions.
*** dýnskláð
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈdø̀nsˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]].
1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes”
Alternative form: *dǿnskléð*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions.
*** dœtt(i)
sn.f. {{{phon(dœ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]]
Plural of [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-i][dótt(i)]].
** E
*** edd(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(e:ðː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#edda][edda]]
1. great grandmother
2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann |
| Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan |
| Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum |
| Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan |
*** ef
adv. {{{phon(ef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ef-B][ef]]
1. if, in case, in case that
Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers
can infer the verbal phrase from it.
*** Eittland
sn.n. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from
ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#land][land]]
1. High Kingdom of Eittland
2. island of Eittland
| | Sg. |
|------+-----------|
| Nom. | Eittland |
| Acc. | Eittland |
| Dat. | Eittland |
| Gen. | Eittlands |
*** ell(a)
{{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]]
1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise
2. (conj.) or
*** epil
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈepel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#epli][epli]]
1. apple
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr |
| Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit |
| Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum |
| Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit |
*** et(a)
iv. {{{phon(et)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eta][eta]]
1. to eat
2. to consume
3. to burn fuel (generally fire)
- infinitive :: et
- imperative :: et
- imperative passive voice :: etask
- present participle :: etand
- past participle :: etat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------|
| 1s | | etar | etir | át | etumk |
| 2s | | etar | etir | át | esk |
| 3s | | etar | etir | át | esk |
| 1p | | etum | etim | átum | etimk |
| 2p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk |
| 3p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk |
** É
** F
*** fað(i)
sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][faðir]]
1. father, plural /feð/
Re-analysis of sg. /fadir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively,
each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to
/-r/).
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn |
| Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin |
| Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum |
| Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin |
*** far(a)
iv. {{{phon(far)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]]
1. to go
- infinitive :: far
- imperative :: far
- imperative passive voice :: farsk
- present participle :: farand
- past participle :: farit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk |
| 2s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk |
| 3s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk |
| 1p | | farum | farim | farum | farumk |
| 2p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
| 3p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
*** feð
sn.m. {{{phon(feð)}}}
See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]]
*** ferð
sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]]
1. fjord, bay
*** fé
in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]]
1. wealth
| | Singular | Plural |
|------+----------+--------|
| Nom. | fé | fé |
| Acc. | fé | fé |
| Dat. | fé | fém |
| Gen. | fés | fés |
*** fisk
sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr]]
1. fish
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn |
| Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin |
| Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum |
| Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin |
*** Frídag
sn.m. {{{phon(frèdaɣ)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#frj%C3%A1dagr][fríadagr]]
1. Friday, sixth day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** fylgj(a)
wv. {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fylgja2][fylgja]]
1. to follow
2. to stand with (metaphorically)
- infinitive :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}
- imperative :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}
- imperative passive voice :: fylgjask
- present participle :: fylgjand
- past participle :: fylgjat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk |
| 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk |
| 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk |
| 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk |
| 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk |
| 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk |
** G
*** gauð
wn.f. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/)
1. a quarrel
2. a heated debate /(informal)/
Alternative form: *jauð*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr |
| Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit |
| Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum |
| Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit |
*** gauð(a)
wv. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from Eittlandic [[file:./dictionary.md#gauð][gauð]]
1. to have a quarrel
2. to argue, have a heated debate /(informal)/
Alternative form: *jauð*
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------|
| 1s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk |
| 2s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk |
| 3s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk |
| 1p | | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk |
| 2p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk |
| 3p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk |
*** gef
sn.f. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gjef]]
1. gift, present
Alternative form: *jev*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn |
| Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin |
| Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum |
| Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin |
*** gegn
adv. {{{phon(jeɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegn#Old_Norse][gegn]]
1. against, opposing
Alternative form: *jegn*
*** ger(a)
iv. {{{phon(jer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B6ra][göra]]
1. to do, to make
2. to act
Unlike its English counterpart /to do/, the Eittlandic verb /ger(a)/ is
not a modal verb.
- infinitive :: ger
- imperative :: ger
- imperative passive voice :: gerask
- present participle :: gerand
- past participle :: gerð
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk |
| 2s | | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk |
| 3s | | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk |
| 1p | | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk |
| 2p | | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk |
| 3p | | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk |
*** gleym(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɡløʏm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gleyma][gleyma]]
1. to forget
Alternative form: *gløym*
- infinitive :: gleym
- imperative :: gleym
- imperative passive voice :: gleymsk
- present participle :: gleymand
- past participle :: gleymit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk |
| 2s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask |
| 3s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask |
| 1p | | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk |
| 2p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
| 3p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
The verb /gleym/ takes a dative instead of an accusative.
#+html: ::: tip Example
1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum
| ek | gleym-r | opt | lykill-inum |
| 1s.NOM | forget-1s.PRES | often | key-pl.DAT.DEF. |
I often forget the keys
2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin
| hann | haft | gleymt | at | far | til | borg-in |
| 3s.m.NOM | have.3s.PST | forget.3s.PST | to.DAT | go.INF | to | city-sg.DAT.DEF |
He forgot to go to the city.
#+html: :::
*** goð
sn.n. {{{phon(joð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#go%C3%B0-A-IV-2][goð]]
1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr |
| Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit |
| Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum |
| Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit |
*** grað(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ɡrað)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus#Latin][gradus]]
1. degree (general)
2. degree (scholar)
3. degree (geometry)
4. degree (temperature)
5. grade (scholar)
6. military rank
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr |
| Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat |
| Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum |
| Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat |
** H
*** hav(a)
iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]]
1. to have
2. stative auxilliary
- infinitive :: hav
- imperative :: hav (except 2p /haft/)
- imperative passive voice :: hafsk (except 1p /havumsk/)
- present participle :: havand
- past participle :: hafr
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1s | hav | hav | haft | haft |
| 2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir |
| 3s | havir | hav | haft | haft |
| 1p | havum | havim | haft | haft |
| 2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið |
| 3p | hav | hav | haft | haft |
Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when
using hav(a) in the passive voice.
| | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past |
|---+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------|
| 1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk |
| 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
| 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
*** hávuð
in.n. {{{phon(hɛ̀βoð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6fu%C3%B0-A][hǫfuð]]
1. head (body)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+----------|
| Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr |
| Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit |
| Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum |
| Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit |
*** háðsdýn
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávuð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]]
1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress”
See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions.
*** heils(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]]
1. health
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr |
| Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat |
| Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum |
| Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat |
*** historja
wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]]
1. history
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr |
| Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat |
| Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum |
| Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat |
*** hjól
sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]]
1. wheel
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr |
| Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit |
| Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum |
| Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit |
*** hler(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]]
1. to hear
2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly)
- infinitive :: hler
- imperative :: hler
- imperative passive voice :: hlerask (except 1p /hlerumk/)
- present participle :: hlerand
- past participle :: hlerit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk |
| 2s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask |
| 3s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask |
| 1p | | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk |
| 2p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
| 3p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/
if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will
bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See
[[file:./dictionary.md#hlust-a][hlust(a)]].
*** hleð
sn.n. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from EON /hleða/, see ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0][hljóð]]
1. sound, noise, thing heard
2. unintelligible speech or conversation
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr |
| Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit |
| Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum |
| Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit |
*** hleð(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hleð][hleð]]
1. to make a noise
2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people
around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)
- infinitive :: hleð
- imperative :: hleð
- imperative passive voice :: hleðsk
- present participle :: hleðand
- past participle :: hleðat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk |
| 2s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask |
| 3s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask |
| 1p | | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk |
| 2p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask |
| 3p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask |
*** hlóð
wn.n. {{{phon(l̥ɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hl%C3%B3%C3%B0][hlóð]]
1. hearth
2. living room
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr |
| Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit |
| Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum |
| Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit |
*** hlust(a)
wv. {{{phon(ɬuʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlusta][hlusta]]
1. to listen to
- infinitive :: hlust
- imperative :: hlust
- imperative passive voice :: hlustask (except 1p /hlustumk/)
- present participle :: hlustand
- past participle :: hlustit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+-----------|
| 1s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk |
| 2s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask |
| 3s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask |
| 1p | | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk |
| 2p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask |
| 3p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/
if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will
bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See
#+html: ::: tip Example
1. Han hlustr henn
He’s listening to her
2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek?
Are you listening to what I am saying?
3. Vér hlustum eigi
We did not listen
#+html: :::
*** hneis(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(n̥ɑ:ɪs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hneisa][hneisa]]
1. shame, disgrace, fear
2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
3. social isolation
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr |
| Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat |
| Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum |
| Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat |
*** hneising
wn.n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}}
1. hermit
2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr |
| Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit |
| Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum |
| Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit |
*** hnjós(a)
sv. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hnj%C3%B3sa][hnjósa]]
1. to sneeze
- infinitive :: hnjós
- imperative :: hnjós
- imperative passive voice :: hnjósask
- present participle :: hnjósand
- past participle :: hnjósit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk |
| 2s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask |
| 3s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask |
| 1p | | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk |
| 2p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask |
| 3p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask |
*** hrifs
wn.n. {{{phon(r̥ivs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]]
1. assault, mugging
Alternative form: *hrivs*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr |
| Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit |
| Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum |
| Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit |
*** hug(a)
sv. {{{phon(huj)}}}
1. to mind, to think
2. to dwell on
3. to meditate
- infinitive :: hug
- imperative :: hug
- imperative passive voice :: hugask
- present participle :: hugand
- past participle :: hugit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk |
| 2s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask |
| 3s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask |
| 1p | | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk |
| 2p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask |
| 3p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask |
*** hugaleið(a)
wv. {{{phon(ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hug-a][hug(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#leið-a][leið(a)]]
1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically
2. officiate a religious event
- infinitive :: hugaleið
- imperative :: hugaleið
- imperative passive voice :: hugaleiðask
- present participhugale :: hugaleiðand
- past participhugale :: hugaleiðit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| 1s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk |
| 2s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk |
| 3s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk |
| 1p | | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk |
| 2p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk |
| 3p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk |
*** hvar
pron. {{{phon(ʍar)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvar#Old_Norse][hvar]]
1. where
Always in the dative case.
*** hvat
adv. {{{phon(ʍɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvat#Old_Norse][hvat]]
1. what
| | Sg. |
|------+------|
| Nom. | hvat |
| Acc. | hvat |
| Dat. | hvat |
| Gen. | hves |
*** hver
pron. {{{phon(ʍer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hverr2-A][hverr]]
1. which, who
2. every, every one, each
| | Sg. |
|------+------|
| Nom. | hver |
| Acc. | hven |
| Dat. | hvem |
| Gen. | hves |
When used in its /every/ meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can
be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will
bear the genitive case while /hver/ bears the original case. Can only be
used with countable nouns.
#+html: ::: Example
- Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han
You’re listening to everything he/she says
- Hver át epil mín?
Who / which one of you ate my apple?
#+html: :::
*** hversdag
{{{phon(hversdaj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and
*** hví
adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]]
1. why
Alternative form: *hve*
*** hvíl(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADla2][hvíla]]
1. bedroom
2. family bed (dated)
Alternative form: *hvel(a)*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr |
| Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat |
| Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum |
| Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat |
*** hvílskláð(i)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈʍèlskˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hvil-a][hvíl]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð]]
1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes
Alternative form: *hvelskléð(i)*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions.
*** hvít
adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr][hvítr]]
1. white
** I
*** ikkí
interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}}
1. How cold! Brr!
From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic
/ikkii/.
** Í
** J
*** jak
wn.n. {{{phon(jak)}}}, from Tibetan [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%82#Tibetan][yak (གཡག)]].
1. yak
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | yak | yakit | yakr | yakitr |
| Acc. | yak | yakit | yak | yakit |
| Dat. | yak | yakit | yakum | yakitum |
| Gen. | yaks | yakits | yaks | yakit |
*** já - jé
{{{phon(jɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%A1#Old_Norse][já]]
1. (adv) yes
2. (interj) yes (as an exclamation of joy)
** K
*** kaup
wn.n. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaup][kaup]]
1. commerce
2. bargain, barter
Alternative form: *kóp*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr |
| Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit |
| Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum |
| Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit |
*** kann
iv.mod. {{{phon(kanː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kunna-A][kunna]]
1. can
2. to be able to
Note that, as a modal verb, /kann/ is onli conjugated in a handful of
tenses and moods
- infinitive :: kann
| <c> | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. |
|--------+---+------------+----------------------|
| 1s | | kann | kunn |
| 2s | | kannt | kunn |
| 3s | | kann | kunn |
| 1p | | kannum | kunnim |
| 2p | | kannuð | kunnið |
| 3p | | kann | kunn |
*** káppok
adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀ɸːok)}}}, from Greenlandic /kaappoq/
1. peckish, a little hungry
Alternative form: *kéffok*
*** kék
adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}}
1. gray (hair colour)
Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic /qeeq/
*** kláð(a)
sv. {{{phon(klɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0a][kláða]]
1. to clothe
2. to drape something
3. to put cloth or clothes over something
- infinitive :: kláð
- imperative :: kláð
- imperative passive voice :: kláðask
- present participle :: kláðand
- past participle :: klánit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk |
| 2s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask |
| 3s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask |
| 1p | | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk |
| 2p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask |
| 3p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask |
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Ek kláðr ná mik
I’m dressing up
- Þú kláðt sáingin
You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed
#+html: :::
*** kláð(i)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈklɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0i-I][klæði]]
1. cloth
2. thing that covers
3. (pl) clothes
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr |
| Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit |
| Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum |
| Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit |
*** kom(a)
iv. {{{phon(kom)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koma#Old_Norse][koma]]
1. to come
- infinitive :: kom
- imperative :: kom
- imperative passive voice :: komask
- present participle :: komand
- past participle :: kominn
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk |
| 2s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk |
| 3s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk |
| 1p | | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk |
| 2p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk |
| 3p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk |
*** Konung
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈkonoŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/konungr#Old_Norse][konungr]]
1. king
Alternative form: *Konong*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+-----------+----------+------------|
| Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn |
| Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin |
| Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum |
| Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin |
*** konunɡliɡ
{{{phon(konoŋlej)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] and suffix /-lig/.
1. adv. royaly
2. adj. royal
Alternative form: *kononglej*
*** kúr(a)
sv. {{{phon(kòr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BAra][kúra]]
1. to nap (not in a bed or a [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]])
Alternative form: *kor(a)*
- infinitive :: kúr
- imperative :: kúr
- imperative passive voice :: kúrask
- present participle :: kúrand
- past participle :: kúrit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk |
| 2s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask |
| 3s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask |
| 1p | | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk |
| 2p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask |
| 3p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask |
** L
*** land
sn.n. {{{phon(land)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse][land]]
1. land
2. country
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr |
| Acc. | land | landit | land | landit |
| Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum |
| Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit |
*** Laurdag
sn.m. {{{phon(lɔrdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#laug-IV][laugardagr]]
1. Saturday, seventh day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** leið(a)
wv. {{{phon(lɑːɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lei%C3%B0a][leiða]]
1. to lead, to show the way
2. to drive (large transportation vehicles)
- infinitive :: leið
- imperative :: leið
- imperative passive voice :: leiðask
- present participle :: leiðand
- past participle :: leiðit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. |
|--------+---+----------+-------------+--------+----------|
| 1s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk |
| 2s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk |
| 3s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk |
| 1p | | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk |
| 2p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk |
| 3p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk |
*** list
wn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#list][list]]
1. art, craft
2. skill
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | list | listit | listr | listitr |
| Acc. | list | listit | list | listit |
| Dat. | list | listit | listum | listitum |
| Gen. | lists | listits | lists | listit |
*** les(a)
sv. {{{phon(les)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lesa-II][lesa]]
1. to read
- infinitive :: les
- imperative :: les
- imperative passive voice :: lesask
- present participle :: lesand
- past participle :: lesit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk |
| 2s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask |
| 3s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask |
| 1p | | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk |
| 2p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask |
| 3p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask |
*** líf
sn.n. {{{phon(lèv)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADf][líf]]
1. life
2. spirit, soul
Alternative form: *lef*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr |
| Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit |
| Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum |
| Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit |
**** hav líf
1. to be energetic
2. to be enthusiastic, positive
*** lífsván
sn.f. {{{phon(ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#lif][líf]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#van][ván]]
1. raison d’être
2. life hope
3. vocation, calling, mission
Alternative form: *lefsvén*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn |
| Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin |
| Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum |
| Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin |
*** lík(a)
{{{phon(lèk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADka][líka]]
1. (wv) to like
2. (adv) like, similar to
3. (adv) also
- infinitive :: lík
- imperative :: lík
- imperative passive voice :: lekask
- present participle :: lekand
- past participle :: lekit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk |
| 2s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk |
| 3s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk |
| 1p | | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk |
| 2p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk |
| 3p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk |
*** lít(a)
sv. {{{phon(lèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADta][líta]]
1. to look at, to behold, to see
- infinitive :: lít
- imperative :: lít
- imperative passive voice :: lítask
- present participle :: lítand
- past participle :: lítit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk |
| 2s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask |
| 3s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask |
| 1p | | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk |
| 2p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask |
| 3p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask |
The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case.
#+html: ::: tip Example
Han lítt í húsit sín.
She looked at her house.
| han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín |
| 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN |
#+html: :::
*** lykil
wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]]
1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
2. musical key
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr |
| Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit |
| Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum |
| Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit |
** M
*** man(u)
iv. {{{phon(mun)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munu][munu]]
1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall
- infinitive :: man
- imperative :: mun
- present participle :: munand
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | man | mynir | mynd | munumk |
| 2s | | man | mynir | mynd | munask |
| 3s | | man | mynir | mynd | munask |
| 1p | | munum | mynim | myndum | munumk |
| 2p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | munask |
| 3p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | munask |
*** mastergrað(a)
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈmaʃterˌɡrað)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/master#English][Master]] and Middle Eittlandic
/graða/ (see [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]])
1. Master's degree
See [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]] for declensions.
*** mán(i)
wn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1ni][máni]]
1. the moon
2. a moon
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | mán | máninn | mánn | |
| Acc. | mán | mánin | mán | |
| Dat. | mán | mánin | mánum | |
| Gen. | máns | mánins | máns | |
Like [[file:./dictionary.md#sunn-a][sunn]], the definite and plural form of /mán/ are modern and
generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In
general Eittlandic, /Mán/ tends to more often means /the moon/. In written
Eittlandic, /mán/ generally means /a moon/, while /Mán/ generally means /the
(Earth’s) moon/.
*** Mánsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀nsdaɣ)}}} from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1nadagr][mánadagr]]
1. Monday, second day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** mat
sn.m. {{{phon(mat)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#matr][matr]]
1. food, meat (uncountable)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn |
| Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin |
| Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum |
| Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin |
While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when
referring to different types of food or meat.
#+html: ::: tip Example
- Han lítar í matin
She takes a look at the food
- Han lítar í matinum
She takes a look at the different types of food
#+html: :::
*** metr(o)
wn.n. {{{phon(metr)}}}, from French “métro”
1. subway, underground
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr |
| Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot |
| Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum |
| Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot |
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#undirland][undirland]]
*** með
adv. {{{phon(með)}}}
1. with
2. prefix with, co-smth. See
*** Meðkonung
sn.m. {{{phon(meðˈkonoŋ)}}}, see [[file:./dictionary.md#með][með]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]]
1. Co-King
Alternative form: *Meðkonong*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][Konung]] for declension.
*** mið
adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][miðr]]
1. middle (physically and temporaly)
2. midways
*** myrgun
in.m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡun)}}}, {{{phon(mʏʁːʊn)}}} in some dialects, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]]
1. morning, aurora
In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of
the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer
bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders
to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun
has already been up for some time by then.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann |
| Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan |
| Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum |
| Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan |
** N
*** ná
adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]]
1. now
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ná kømar ek frá universitetit.
I come from the university now.
#+html: :::
2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek kømar frá universitetit ná!
- I come from the university (you know)
or
- (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
#+html: :::
3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb
#+html: ::: tip Example
Ek kømar ná frá universitetit.
I’m coming from the university.
#+html: :::
Alternative form: *né*
*** náng
interj. {{{phon(nɛŋ)}}}
1. negative counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar
Alternative form: *néng*
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was
borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken
by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut /nangaa/ and
Proto-Eskimoan /*nanka/, and Western Greenlandic /naagga/.
*** nei
{{{phon(nɑɪ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nei#Old_Norse][nei]]
1. (adv.) no
2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret
*** norvegsúlf
sn.m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON
[[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]]
1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.
Alternative form: *norvejsólv*
Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives
introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter
inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/
(genitive of /Noregr/, /Norway/) and /úlfr/.
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ulf][úlf]].
** O
*** opt
adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]]
1. often
Alternative form: *oft*
** Ó
*** Óðin
pn. {{{phon(ɔðen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0inn][Óðinn]]
1. Odin
| | Sg. |
|------+-------|
| Nom. | Óðinn |
| Acc. | Óðin |
| Dat. | Óðin |
| Gen. | Óðins |
*** Óðinsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(ɔðensdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0insdagr][óðinsdagr]]
1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
*** óglað
adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3gla%C3%B0r][óglaðr]]
1. very sad, depressed, miserable
Alternative form: *ógjœð*
*** óss
sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]]
1. river mouth
2. fjord mouth
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn |
| Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin |
| Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum |
| Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin |
** P
*** pengvin
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]]
1. penguin
Alternative form: *pengven*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinn | pengvinitr |
| Acc. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvin | pengvinit |
| Dat. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinum | pengvinitum |
| Gen. | pengvins | pengvinits | pengvins | pengvinit |
*** pos(i)
wn.n. {{{phon(pos)}}}, probably from Greenlandic /puisi/
1. posi, Eittlandic seal
Alternative form: *pos(e)*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr |
| Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit |
| Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum |
| Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit |
** R
*** ráðuneyt(i)
wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]]
1. Ministry
2. department
Alternative form: *réðoneyt*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr |
| Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit |
| Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum |
| Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit |
*** rekkja (noun)
wn.f. {{{phon(rekxə)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rekkja][rekkja]]
1. nap, siesta
2. makeshift bed, napping bed
3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not
necessarily that of a bed
It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in
a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by
sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal
position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual
workers' workplaces.
This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban
areas.
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn |
| Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat |
| Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum |
| Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat |
*** rekkja (verb)
wv. {{{phon(rexː)}}}, from ON
1. to nap in a bed
- infinitive :: rekkja
- imperative :: rekkja
- imperative passive voice :: rekkjask
- present participle :: rekkjand
- past participle :: rekkjit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+------------|
| 1s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk |
| 2s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk |
| 3s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk |
| 1p | | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk |
| 2p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk |
| 3p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk |
*** rekkláð
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]]
1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes”
| | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------|
| Nom. | rekkláðr | rekkláðitr |
| Acc. | rekkláð | rekkláðit |
| Dat. | rekkláðum | rekkláðitum |
| Gen. | rekkláðs | rekkláðit |
** S
*** samrekkja
wv. {{{phon(ˈsamˌrekxə)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]]
1. sleep with someone
2. to have sex with someone (euphemism)
See [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] for conjugaison.
*** sagj(a)
sv. {{{phon(saj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#segja-A][sagja]]
1. to say, to tell
2. to proclaim, to declare
- infinitive :: sagja
- imperative :: sagja
- imperative passive voice :: sagjask
- present participle :: sagjand
- past participle :: sagjat
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk |
| 2s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask |
| 3s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask |
| 1p | | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk |
| 2p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask |
| 3p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask |
*** sáing
sn.f. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ing][sæing]]
1. bed
Alternative form: *séing*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn |
| Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin |
| Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum |
| Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin |
*** sáingkláð
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#saing][sáing]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]]
1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes”
Alternative form: *séingkléð*
See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] for declensions.
*** sitj(a)
iv. {{{phon(siːʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]]
1. to sit
2. to represent (politics)
- infinitive :: sit
- imperative :: sit
- imperative passive voice :: sitask
- present participle :: sitjand
- past participle :: sitit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk |
| 2s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask |
| 3s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask |
| 1p | | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk |
| 2p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask |
| 3p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask |
*** sjá
iv. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]]
1. to see
2. to understand
Alternative form: *sjé*
- infinitive :: sjá
- imperative :: sjá
- imperative passive voice :: sjásk
- present participle :: sjánd
- past participle :: sját
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk |
| 2s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk |
| 3s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk |
| 1p | | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk |
| 2p | | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk |
| 3p | | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk |
*** skilj(a)
sv. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]]
1. to differenciate
2. to segregate, to separate
3. to understand a difference
Alternative form: *skij*
- infinitive :: skilja
- imperative :: skilja
- imperative passive voice :: skiljask
- present participle :: skiljand
- past participle :: skit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------|
| 1s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk |
| 2s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask |
| 3s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask |
| 1p | | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk |
| 2p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask |
| 3p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask |
*** smársov
iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]]
1. to nap in a proper bed
See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison.
*** snjór
sn.m. {{{phon(sɲɔ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]]
1. snow
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------|
| Nom. | snjórr | snjórinn | snjórr | snjórinn |
| Acc. | snjór | snjórin | snjór | snjórin |
| Dat. | snjór | snjórin | snjórum | snjórinum |
| Gen. | snjórar | snjórins | snjórar | snjórin |
*** sov(a)
iv. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofa-B][sofa]]
1. to sleep
- infinitive :: sov
- imperative :: sov
- imperative passive voice :: sovask
- present participle :: sovand
- past participle :: sovin
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk |
| 2s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask |
| 3s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask |
| 1p | | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk |
| 2p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask |
| 3p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask |
*** styrsamhald(i)
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]]
(a holding together, unity).
1. military batallion
2. mitilary unit, group
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------|
| Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr |
| Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit |
| Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum |
| Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit |
*** sunn(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(sunː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunna][sunna]]
1. the sun (general usage)
2. a sun (modern)
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr |
| Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit |
| Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum |
| Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit |
The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used
in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular
indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written
Eitlandic, /Sunn/ is the sun, while /sunn/ is a sun.
*** Sunsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(sunsndaɣ)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunnudagr][sunnudagr]]
1. Sunday, first day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
** T
*** tal(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]]
1. number
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr |
| Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat |
| Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum |
| Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat |
*** Tíbet
wn.n. {{{phon(ˈtèbet)}}}, borrowed from Danish /Tibet/
1. Tibet
| | Sg. |
|------+--------|
| Nom. | Tíbet |
| Acc. | Tíbet |
| Dat. | Tíbet |
| Gen. | Tíbets |
*** til
prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]]
1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively)
*** ton
wn.m. {{{phon(ton)}}}, from Middle Low German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ton#Middle_Low_German][ton]]
1. tune, tone
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr |
| Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit |
| Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum |
| Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit |
*** tonlist
wn.f. {{{phon(tonliʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ton][ton]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]]
1. music
See [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] for declensions.
*** tren
wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]]
1. train
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr |
| Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit |
| Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum |
| Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit |
*** týr
in.m. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr][týr]]
1. god, divinity
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn |
| Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin |
| Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum |
| Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin |
*** Týr
pn. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][Týr]]
1. the god Týr
| | Sg. |
|------+-----|
| Nom. | Týr |
| Acc. | Tý |
| Dat. | Tív |
| Gen. | Týs |
*** Týsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(tøsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][týsdagr]]
1. Tuesday, third day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
** U
*** undir
adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse][undir]]
1. under, underneath, below
Can only be used with accusative or dative.
#+html: ::: tip Example
Bókinn er undir borðitum.
| bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum |
| book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N |
The book is under the table
#+html: :::
*** undirland
sn.n. {{{phon(ˈundirˌland)}}}, calque of English “underground” using [[file:./dictionary.md#undir][undir]]
and [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]]
1. underground, subway
See also [[file:./dictionary.md#metr-o][metr(o)]]
See [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] for declensions.
*** universitet
wn.n. {{{phon(oneˈβersetet)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t#German][Universität]]
1. university
Alternative form: *oneversetet*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------|
| Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr |
| Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit |
| Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum |
| Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit |
*** uppá
prep. {{{phon(ˈuɸːə̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#upp%C3%A1][uppá]]
1. upon
Alternative form: *offá*
** Ú
*** úlf
sn.m. {{{phon(òlv)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr][úlfr]]
1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/.
Alternative form: *olv*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn |
| Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin |
| Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum |
| Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin |
** V
*** ván
sn.f. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1n][ván]]
1. hope
2. wish
Alternative form: *vén*
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn |
| Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin |
| Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum |
| Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin |
*** ván(a)
iv. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1na][vána]]
1. to hope
2. to wish for
Uses a dative for its second argument.
Alternative form: *vén(a)*
- infinitive :: ván
- imperative :: ván
- imperative passive voice :: vánask
- present participle :: vánand
- past participle :: vánit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+--------------+--------------+-------+---------|
| 1s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk |
| 2s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk |
| 3s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk |
| 1p | | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk |
| 2p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk |
| 3p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk |
*** veisheit
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Weisheit#German][Weisheit]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#visk-a][visk(a)]]
1. knowledge or wisdom
2. insight
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------|
| Nom. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitr | veisheititr |
| Acc. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheit | veisheitit |
| Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum |
| Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit |
*** ver(a)
iv. {{{phon(βer)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vera#Old_Norse][vera]]
1. to be
2. active auxilliary
- infinitive :: ver
- imperative :: ves
- present participle :: verand
- past participle :: vest
| | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past |
|----+------------+-------------+-----------+------------|
| 1s | em | sé | vas | vár |
| 2s | est | sér | vast | vár |
| 3s | es | sé | vas | vár |
| 1p | er | sé | var | vár |
| 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið |
| 3p | er | sé | var | vár |
*** vest
adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr]]
1. West, westward
*** vél
sn.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]]
1. machine, craft
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn |
| Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin |
| Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum |
| Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin |
*** vétal(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɛ̀tal)}}}, portemanteau of [[file:./dictionary.md#vel][vél]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]]
1. computer
See [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] for declensions.
*** vik(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(βik)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vika-B][vika]]
1. a week
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+------+---------+-------+---------|
| Nom. | vik | vikat | vikr | vikatr |
| Acc. | vik | vikat | vik | vikat |
| Dat. | vik | vikat | vikum | vikatum |
| Gen. | viks | vikats | viks | vikat |
**** Days of the week
1. [[file:./dictionary.md#sunsdag][Sunsdag]]
2. [[file:./dictionary.md#mansdag][Mánsdag]]
3. [[file:./dictionary.md#tysdag][Týsdag]]
4. [[file:./dictionary.md#oðinsdag][Óðinsdag]]
5. [[file:./dictionary.md#þorsdag][Þórsdag]]
6. [[file:./dictionary.md#fridag][Frídag]]
7. [[file:./dictionary.md#laurdag][Laurdag]]
*** vilja
iv. {{{phon(viʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vilja][vilja]]
1. to want
- infinitive :: vilja
- imperative :: vilja
- imperative passive voice :: viljask
- present participle :: viljand
- past participle :: viljit
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------|
| 1s | | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk |
| 2s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk |
| 3s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk |
| 1p | | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk |
| 2p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk |
| 3p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk |
*** Vit
interj. {{{phon(βit)}}}
1. question marker, see [[file:./grammar.md#yes-no-questions][yes/no questions]], probably from an inuit
dialect.
*** visk(a)
wn.f. {{{phon(βiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vizka][vizka]]
1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience
See [[file:./dictionary.md#veisheit][veisheit]] for a more general term for /wisdow/
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-------+---------+--------+----------|
| Nom. | visk | viskit | viskr | viskitr |
| Acc. | visk | viskit | visk | viskit |
| Dat. | visk | viskit | viskum | viskitum |
| Gen. | visks | viskits | visks | viskit |
** Y
** Ý
** Z
** Ø
** Œ
*** Œgir
pn. {{{phon(ˈœjer)}}}
1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic
fjords.
Alternative form: *Œjer*
** Đ
** Þ
*** Þór
pn.m. {{{phon(θɔr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rr-A][Þórr]]
1. Thor
| | Sg. |
|------+------|
| Nom. | Þórr |
| Acc. | Þór |
| Dat. | Þór |
| Gen. | Þórs |
*** Þórsdag
sn.m. {{{phon(θɔrsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rsdagr][þórsdagr]]
1. Thursday, fifth day of the week
For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other
[[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]].
* Notes :noexport:
| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. |
|------+-----+---------+-----+---------|
| Nom. | | | | |
| Acc. | | | | |
| Dat. | | | | |
| Gen. | | | | |
- infinitive ::
- imperative ::
- imperative passive voice ::
- present participle ::
- past participle ::
| <c> | | | | | |
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive |
|--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------|
| 1s | | | | | |
| 2s | | | | | |
| 3s | | | | | |
| 1p | | | | | |
| 2p | | | | | |
| 3p | | | | | |
** Numbers
- einn
- tveir
- þrír / þrer
- férir
- femm
- sex
- se
- átt / étt
- ní / ne
- tí / te
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