[Eittlandic] Fix English grammar in documentation
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@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ Eittland is an active volcanic island. In its center we can find the
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most active volcanoes, surrounded by glaciers and some regular
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mountains. It is surrounded by some taiga, taiga plains covered mainly
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by ashen pines (/pinus fraxinus/), and a large cold desert covering most
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of the center of the island and its northern eastern part. Outside of
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of the center of the island and its northern eastern part. Outside
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this largely unpopulated region, Eastern Eittland mainly consists of
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grasslands with some temperate rainforests on its southern shores as
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well as some occasional wetland and marshes. On the other hand,
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Western Eittland has a lot more temperate deciduos forests, temperate
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rainforests and some more wetlands and marshes still. Three small cold
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deserts spawn in Western Eittland, including one north east of
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deserts spawn in Western Eittland, including one north-east of
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Đeberget not far from the city. More details can be found in the map
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below. Overall, the southern and western parts of Eittland can be
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compared to Scotland in terms of temperatures, or a warmer Iceland.
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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Eittlanders in 1940 to 15% in 2019. The evolution of the religious
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population is shown in the chart below, and a geographical
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distribution of these in 2019 can be found in the map following the
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chart --- note that only the main religion is shown in a particular
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area and religions with less people in said area are not shown. You
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area and religions with fewer people in said area are not shown. You
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can also see on said map the population repartition of Eittland.
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#+headers: :cache yes :exports none :eval no-export
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@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ plot data u 2:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Norse Faith', \
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There is also a regional cultural difference between Western, Eastern,
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and Southern Eittland marked with some differences in traditions and
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language. There is currently a nationalist movement in Southern
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Eittland so a new state is created within the Kingdom of Eittland. The
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Eittland to create a new state within the Kingdom of Eittland. The
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repartition of the different eittlandic cultures is shown in the map
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below.
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#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-cultural.png">Cultural Map of Eittland</ImgFigure>
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@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ They still have a strong presence in popular media and are still
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spoken by younger generations, however, a decline has been registered
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since the 90s among young people living in cities, speaking more and
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more in Standard Eittlandic instead. Dialects are also rarely used on
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the internet outside of private conversation. An estimate of 17% of
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the internet outside private conversation. An estimate of 17% of
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the Eittlandic population younger than 25 in 2017 do not speak any
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dialectal Eittlandic outside of Standard Eittlandic, although only 2%
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of them do not understand their family’s dialectal Eittlandic.
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Standard Eittlandic also became the default dialect for Eittlandic
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communities living outside of Eittland --- in these communities the
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communities living outside Eittland --- in these communities the
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inability of speaking other dialects rise to 61% while the ability to
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understand them rises to 25% among Eittlanders younger than 25 in 2018
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and who still have Eittlandic as their mother tongue.
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@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ exist regarding its etymology.
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The first theory says the root of the name of “Eittland” is the
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accusative of /einn/ (Old Norse /one/, /alone/) and /land/ (Old Norse /country/,
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/land/. This is due to how remote it seemed to the people who
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/land/). This is due to how remote it seemed to the people who
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discovered, before Iceland and Greenland were known. Hence, a possible
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translation of “Eittland” can be /Lonely Land/. The term “Eittlandic” is
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relatively transparent considering the term “Icelandic” for “Iceland”
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@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ split in half the country. He appointed his brother Steingrímr, later
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known as Steingrímr I Áleifsbróðr, as his co-ruler and gave him
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authority over Eastern Eittland while he kept ruling himself over
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Western Eittland. This choice is due to the difficulty of going from
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one side of the island to the other by land --- lava flows often
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forcefully close and destroy paths joining the two parts together.
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This gave birth to the two states of the Kingdom of Đeberget (also
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called the /Western Eittlandic Kingdom/) and the Kingdom of Hylfjaltr
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(also called the /Eastern Eittlandic Kingdom/). More on that in
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[[Political Organization][#Political-Organization]].
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one side of the island to the other by land --- lava often flows from
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volcanoes to the shores and destroy paths joining the two parts
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together. This gave birth to the two states of the Kingdom of Đeberget
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(also called the /Western Eittlandic Kingdom/) and the Kingdom of
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Hylfjaltr (also called the /Eastern Eittlandic Kingdom/). More on that
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in [[Political Organization][#Political-Organization]].
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*** Crusades and Independence (13th century - 1400)
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As soon as the 13th century, and through the 14th century, the
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@ -209,18 +209,18 @@ of Pomerania aimed to unify his country both religiously by getting
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rid of the norse faith in Eittland and politically by getting rid of
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its established monarchy. A contingent sailed to Eittland to submit
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the island, however they were met with fierce resistance by the locals
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on arrival. Estimates show that while some 2.400 Eittlandic people
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died during this first invasion, most of the 3.000 men sent were
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on arrival. Estimates show that while some 2,400 Eittlandic people
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died during this first invasion, most of the 3,000 men sent were
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either killed or taken prisoners.
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In 1398, a new contingent of 12.000 men landed in Eittland. This time,
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a much more prepared army of 14.000 men faced them on a battlefield
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In 1398, a new contingent of 12,000 men landed in Eittland. This time,
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a much more prepared army of 14,000 men faced them on a battlefield
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east of the eastern capital of Hyfjaltr. This resulted in an
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Eittlandic victory, however the Monarch of Hylfjaltr Eiríkr IV
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Ásgeirsbróðr lost his life during the battle. Coincidentally, the High
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King Ásgeirr I Biœrgson died of unknown causes around the same time.
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Historians still debate whether it is due to the ongoing conflict, and
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if it is by who. Theories range from poisoning by spies from the
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if it is by whom. Theories range from poisoning by spies from the
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Kalmar Union, to assassination by the next rulers, to a much more
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simple, unknown health condition which coincided with the ongoing
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events.
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@ -236,16 +236,16 @@ Denmark. These raids only aimed trade and military ships but severely
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handicaped the Union’s marine.
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On September 17th, 1400 High King Arvid Geirson of Eittland and King
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Erik of the Kalmar Union met in Reykjavik to sign the Treaty of
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Reykjavik, during which the Kalmar Union recognized the independence
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Erik of the Kalmar Union met in Reykjavík to sign the Treaty of
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Reykjavík, during which the Kalmar Union recognized the independence
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of Eittland and renounced its claims to the island. On the other hand,
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Eittland ceeded its Greenlandic colonies to the Kalmar Union. Both
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parties agreed to end the hostilities towards one another.
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While the Union no longer launched any crusades against Eittland, the
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Teutonic Order attempted to land again in 1407 with 4.000 men.
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Teutonic Order attempted to land again in 1407 with 4,000 men.
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Although the Kingdom of Hylfjaltr took a devastating blow during the
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initial days of the crusade, loosing well over 6.000 men, the invaders
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initial days of the crusade, loosing well over 6,000 men, the invaders
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were ultimately defeated thanks to reinforcement from the Kingdom of
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Ðeberget. This marked the end of crusades in Eittland.
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@ -290,12 +290,12 @@ founded in 1587 the Church of Eittland.
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You can find in the chart below a breakdown of the various countries
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and regions religious refugees came from. Although Scandinavia was one
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of the first regions to take refuge in Eittland, most of refugees came
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of the first regions to take refuge in Eittland, most refugees came
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from the Holy Roman Empire and from France where religious wars were
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particularly violent. It is estimated most of the Protestant
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population of Eittland are mainly from French descent, while the HRE’s
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and Scandinavian population came with mixes of Christians and
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Protestants. On the other hand, most if not all of the English
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Protestants. On the other hand most, if not all, of the English
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population was Christian.
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#+header: :exports none :eval no-export
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@ -428,11 +428,11 @@ important economic partner of the European countries affected by the
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war, especially in terms of reconstruction. This further cemented
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Eittland’s place in European economics. However, the country became
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affected by the Great Depression too. Some twenty thousand Eittlanders
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left Eittland at the time, fifteen thousands of them went to the
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left Eittland at the time, fifteen thousand of them went to the
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United States while five thousands left for European countries such as
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Norway, Germany, the UK, or France. To this day, Chicago (Michigan,
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USA) is known for hosting the only significant Eittlandic population
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outside of Eittland, and second-generation Eittlandic immigrants
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outside Eittland, and second-generation Eittlandic immigrants
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retained their Eittlandic nationality despite most of them never going
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to Eittland.
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@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ also became the first country off the coast of the United States to
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become connected to the American continent. It also became the main
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relay between mainland Europe and Northern America with one third of
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internet connections between the continent going through Eittlandic
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servers in 2015, although this number is slowly getting lower as new
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servers in 2015, although this number is slowly getting lower, as new
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direct lines between Northern America and Europe are being laid.
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Eittland became one of the first countries to pledge on a national
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@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ organisations on their creation, in 1994 and in 1995 respectively,
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after signing both in 1992 and 1985 respectively.
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In 2008, due to the economic crisis and instability of the Eittlandic
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Krúna (*EIK*), discussions opened with the European parliament to adopt
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Krúna (*EIK*), discussions opened with the European Parliament to adopt
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the Euro. Brussels accepted the application in 2013 and the Euro
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became the official Eittlandic currency in 2015. Eittlanders have a
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ten years window to convert their Eittlandic Krúna in Euros, which
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@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ will become the sole currency accepted in Eittland starting January
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EU membership became an important debate topic in politics after the
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2013 in the Eurozone, however no official membership application has
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ever been sent to the European Union. Polls estimates paint mixed
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ever been sent to the European Union. Poll estimates paint mixed
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feelings from the Eittlandic people with only a thin margin putting
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either "yes" or "no" in front of the other when asked if people would
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like Eittland to join the EU, as seen below.
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@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ like Eittland to join the EU, as seen below.
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**** Internet and Computer Boom
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Eittland is home to some of the largest websites in the world,
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considered the European counterpart to the United State’s Sillicon
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considered the European counterpart to the United States’ Sillicon
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Valley. Some of its best known websites are Raustr, a podcast and
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blogging platform often compared to a Facebook or VK alternative, as
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well as Sønmek, a video streaming and sharing platform compared to
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@ -582,16 +582,16 @@ fully effective in 2016, with all software developed for the
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government changing their license to the GPL-2.0 or AGPL-2.0 licenses
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and their source code available on the Teknikráðuneyt’s website.
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** Political Organization
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** Political Organisation
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*** Kingdoms and Monarchy
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While Eittland is a single country, it is host to two kingdoms: the
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Kingdom of Đeberget in the western part of the country, and the
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Kingdom of Hylfjaltr in its eastern part. This is due to a separation
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of the country in two halves during the reign of Eittlands second king
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While Eittland is a single country, it hosts two kingdoms: the Kingdom
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of Đeberget in the western part of the country, and the Kingdom of
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Hylfjaltr in its eastern part. This is due to a separation of the
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country in two halves during the reign of Eittlands second king
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Áleifr I when he realized the difficulties he and the following
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monarchs of the island would face trying to rule the country alone
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while the latter is almost always split in two by active volcanoes.
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Thus, while the two kingdoms operate very independently from each
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Thus, while the two kingdoms operate very independently of each
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other --- each have their own policies on economics, education,
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industry, and so on --- they also operate in cooperation as the
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Eittlandic High Kingdom with the king of Đeberget at its head when it
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@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ comes to common policies, such as military decision and internrational
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affairs.
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#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-political.png">The Two Eittlandic States</ImgFigure>
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This means that while both governments are independent from each other
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This means that while both governments are independent of each other
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and are legally equals to each other, the western monarch is the one
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with the authority to decide on national actions after negotiations
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between them and the eastern monarch. This is reflected by the throne
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@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ possible for the late High Monarch.
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When the High Monarchs steps up to the central throne, they may
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designate someone to fill in the role of the monarch of Đeberget for
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the time being. They can also authorize the monarch of Hylfjaltr to do
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so in case they are unavailable and someone need to represent the
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so in case they are unavailable and someone needs to represent the
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country in front of foreign representatives. The last example was
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during the two last years of Eríkr IX’s reign from 1987 to 1989 when
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he could not act as High King due to his illness. While he did not
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@ -713,10 +713,10 @@ A similar system was created for jarldoms in order to replace jarls
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with locally elected governments, as well as the organisation of
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municipalities.
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At first only male land owner of the Nordic Faith could vote and could
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At first only male landowner of the Nordic Faith could vote and could
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be elected. In 1886, all men of the Nordic Faith got the right to vote
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and be elected in the general elections. In 1902, women gained the
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right to vote and they gained the right to be elected in 1915. The law
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right to vote, and they gained the right to be elected in 1915. The law
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that allowed women to vote also made the authorities stop enforcing
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the restriction on the faith of the participants --- while the
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original texts of 1826 and 1886 were clear on the fact only men of the
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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* Phonetic Inventory and Translitteration
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** Evolution from Early Old Norse to Eittlandic
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Eittlandic evolved early on from Early Old Norse, and as such some
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vowels it evolved from are different than the Old Norse vowels and
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vowels it evolved from are different from the Old Norse vowels and
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consonants some other Nordic languages evolved from. In this chapter,
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we will see the main list of attested phonetic evolution Eittlandic
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lived through.
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@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ schwa.
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Notice how in the modern orthography the «ó» didn’t get lost, unlike
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with the previous rule. Unlike the schwa from the previous rule, the
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current schwa still bears the long vowel feature although it is not
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pronounced anymore by that point, influencing the rule described in [[*ə\[-long\] / C_# »
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current schwa still bears the long vowel feature, although it is not
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pronounced any more by that point, influencing the rule described in [[*ə\[-long\] / C_# »
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∅][rule 15]].
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*** ɣ / {#,V}_ » j
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@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ following «j».
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*** ə[-long] / C_# » ∅
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As described in the [[*Vː / _# » ə][rule 6]], the schwa resulting from it kept its long
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vowel feature although it wasn’t pronounced anymore. This resulted in
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vowel feature, although it wasn’t pronounced anymore. This resulted in
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the current rule making all schwas resulting from short vowels at the
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end of words to disappear when following a voiced consonant. This
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basically boils down to any former short vowel following a «j» in
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@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ become shorter.
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From the beginning of the 16th century, the Eastern Eittlandic {{{phon(r)}}}
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began morphing into an {{{phon(ʁ)}}} in all contexts except in word-final
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«-r», remanants of Old Norse’s nominative «-R». This is typical in the
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Eastern region of Eittland and it can be even heard in some dialects
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Eastern region of Eittland, and it can be even heard in some dialects
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of Southern Eittlandic.
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+ Example ::
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@ -404,9 +404,9 @@ with their own accent. These three main dialects are Eastern
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Eittlandic spoken in the majority Kingdom of Hylfjaltr, Western
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Eittlandic spoken in the majority of the Kingdom of Ðeberget, and
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Southern Eittlandic spoken on the southern parts of the island,
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regardess of the legal kingdom (see the map shown in [[file:./country.md#culture][Culture]]. Three
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regardess of the legal kingdom (see the map shown in [[file:./country.md#culture][Culture]]). Three
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main elements of their respective accent were presented above in [[*r » ʁ (Eastern Eittlandic)][rule
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18]], [[*V / _N » Ṽ\[-tense\] ! V\[+high\] (Southern Eittlandic)][rule 20]] and [[*V^{U} » ə ! diphthongs (Western Eittlandic)][rule 22]].
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18]], [[*V / _N » Ṽ\[-tense\] ! V\[+high\] (Southern Eittlandic)][rule 20]] and [[phonology#vu-»-ə-diphthongs-western-eittlandic][rule 22]].
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Some regional variation can be also found in these dialects, although
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less significant and less consistantly than the changes mentioned
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@ -347,15 +347,15 @@ degree in its articles. However, as mentioned in [[file:./syntax.md#case-marking
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marking and by extensions gender marking is slowly disappearing in
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Modern Eittlandic nouns and adjectives.
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Due to the presence of declensions with strong nouns and
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adjectives, its pronouns, and to a certain degree different articles,
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it can still be said Eittlandic is a gendered language although it
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doesn’t hold much importance in its grammar anymore. Since strong
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nouns aren’t productive anymore and weak nouns lost all obvious gender
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differences, we can even consider gender as not productive anymore in
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Eittlandic and bound to eventually disappear. In fact, the loss of
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gender is even stronger in Standard Eittlandic due to the theoretical
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absence of declensions in this dialect.
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Due to the presence of declensions with strong nouns and adjectives,
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its pronouns, and to a certain degree different articles, it can still
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be said Eittlandic is a gendered language, although it doesn’t hold
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much importance in its grammar anymore. Since strong nouns aren’t
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productive anymore and weak nouns lost all obvious gender differences,
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we can even consider gender as not productive anymore in Eittlandic
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and bound to eventually disappear. In fact, the loss of gender is even
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stronger in Standard Eittlandic due to the theoretical absence of
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declensions in this dialect.
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In case a strong noun is used with a strong adjective, both will agree
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in number and gender.
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
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# - Give some examples of each type of marking the language exhibits.
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Over the last centuries, Eittlandic evolved to become a language
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leaning more and more towards an analytic language, losing its
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fusional aspect Old Eittlandic once had. It grammar now greatly relies
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fusional aspect Old Eittlandic once had. Its grammar now greatly relies
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on its syntax as well as on grammatical particules rather than on its
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morphology. Let’s take the following sentence as an example.
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@ -75,5 +75,5 @@ Loss of case marking also affected adjectives which share most of
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their declensions with nouns. The parts where Eittlandic retains its
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fusional aspect is with verbs, where loss of its words’ final vowel
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had much less impact, as we could see in /barn fisk etar/. In this case,
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/etar/ is the third person singular declension of the verb /et/, a weak
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/etar/ is the third-person singular declension of the verb /et/, a weak
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verb.
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