diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/country.org b/docs/eittlandic/country.org index 84ad953..2724ed0 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/country.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/country.org @@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ Eittland is an active volcanic island. In its center we can find the most active volcanoes, surrounded by glaciers and some regular mountains. It is surrounded by some taiga, taiga plains covered mainly by ashen pines (/pinus fraxinus/), and a large cold desert covering most -of the center of the island and its northern eastern part. Outside of +of the center of the island and its northern eastern part. Outside this largely unpopulated region, Eastern Eittland mainly consists of grasslands with some temperate rainforests on its southern shores as well as some occasional wetland and marshes. On the other hand, Western Eittland has a lot more temperate deciduos forests, temperate rainforests and some more wetlands and marshes still. Three small cold -deserts spawn in Western Eittland, including one north east of +deserts spawn in Western Eittland, including one north-east of Đeberget not far from the city. More details can be found in the map below. Overall, the southern and western parts of Eittland can be compared to Scotland in terms of temperatures, or a warmer Iceland. @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Eittlanders in 1940 to 15% in 2019. The evolution of the religious population is shown in the chart below, and a geographical distribution of these in 2019 can be found in the map following the chart --- note that only the main religion is shown in a particular -area and religions with less people in said area are not shown. You +area and religions with fewer people in said area are not shown. You can also see on said map the population repartition of Eittland. #+headers: :cache yes :exports none :eval no-export @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ plot data u 2:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Norse Faith', \ There is also a regional cultural difference between Western, Eastern, and Southern Eittland marked with some differences in traditions and language. There is currently a nationalist movement in Southern -Eittland so a new state is created within the Kingdom of Eittland. The +Eittland to create a new state within the Kingdom of Eittland. The repartition of the different eittlandic cultures is shown in the map below. #+html: Cultural Map of Eittland @@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ They still have a strong presence in popular media and are still spoken by younger generations, however, a decline has been registered since the 90s among young people living in cities, speaking more and more in Standard Eittlandic instead. Dialects are also rarely used on -the internet outside of private conversation. An estimate of 17% of +the internet outside private conversation. An estimate of 17% of the Eittlandic population younger than 25 in 2017 do not speak any dialectal Eittlandic outside of Standard Eittlandic, although only 2% of them do not understand their family’s dialectal Eittlandic. Standard Eittlandic also became the default dialect for Eittlandic -communities living outside of Eittland --- in these communities the +communities living outside Eittland --- in these communities the inability of speaking other dialects rise to 61% while the ability to understand them rises to 25% among Eittlanders younger than 25 in 2018 and who still have Eittlandic as their mother tongue. @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ exist regarding its etymology. The first theory says the root of the name of “Eittland” is the accusative of /einn/ (Old Norse /one/, /alone/) and /land/ (Old Norse /country/, -/land/. This is due to how remote it seemed to the people who +/land/). This is due to how remote it seemed to the people who discovered, before Iceland and Greenland were known. Hence, a possible translation of “Eittland” can be /Lonely Land/. The term “Eittlandic” is relatively transparent considering the term “Icelandic” for “Iceland” @@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ split in half the country. He appointed his brother Steingrímr, later known as Steingrímr I Áleifsbróðr, as his co-ruler and gave him authority over Eastern Eittland while he kept ruling himself over Western Eittland. This choice is due to the difficulty of going from -one side of the island to the other by land --- lava flows often -forcefully close and destroy paths joining the two parts together. -This gave birth to the two states of the Kingdom of Đeberget (also -called the /Western Eittlandic Kingdom/) and the Kingdom of Hylfjaltr -(also called the /Eastern Eittlandic Kingdom/). More on that in -[[Political Organization][#Political-Organization]]. +one side of the island to the other by land --- lava often flows from +volcanoes to the shores and destroy paths joining the two parts +together. This gave birth to the two states of the Kingdom of Đeberget +(also called the /Western Eittlandic Kingdom/) and the Kingdom of +Hylfjaltr (also called the /Eastern Eittlandic Kingdom/). More on that +in [[Political Organization][#Political-Organization]]. *** Crusades and Independence (13th century - 1400) As soon as the 13th century, and through the 14th century, the @@ -209,18 +209,18 @@ of Pomerania aimed to unify his country both religiously by getting rid of the norse faith in Eittland and politically by getting rid of its established monarchy. A contingent sailed to Eittland to submit the island, however they were met with fierce resistance by the locals -on arrival. Estimates show that while some 2.400 Eittlandic people -died during this first invasion, most of the 3.000 men sent were +on arrival. Estimates show that while some 2,400 Eittlandic people +died during this first invasion, most of the 3,000 men sent were either killed or taken prisoners. -In 1398, a new contingent of 12.000 men landed in Eittland. This time, -a much more prepared army of 14.000 men faced them on a battlefield +In 1398, a new contingent of 12,000 men landed in Eittland. This time, +a much more prepared army of 14,000 men faced them on a battlefield east of the eastern capital of Hyfjaltr. This resulted in an Eittlandic victory, however the Monarch of Hylfjaltr Eiríkr IV Ásgeirsbróðr lost his life during the battle. Coincidentally, the High King Ásgeirr I Biœrgson died of unknown causes around the same time. Historians still debate whether it is due to the ongoing conflict, and -if it is by who. Theories range from poisoning by spies from the +if it is by whom. Theories range from poisoning by spies from the Kalmar Union, to assassination by the next rulers, to a much more simple, unknown health condition which coincided with the ongoing events. @@ -236,16 +236,16 @@ Denmark. These raids only aimed trade and military ships but severely handicaped the Union’s marine. On September 17th, 1400 High King Arvid Geirson of Eittland and King -Erik of the Kalmar Union met in Reykjavik to sign the Treaty of -Reykjavik, during which the Kalmar Union recognized the independence +Erik of the Kalmar Union met in Reykjavík to sign the Treaty of +Reykjavík, during which the Kalmar Union recognized the independence of Eittland and renounced its claims to the island. On the other hand, Eittland ceeded its Greenlandic colonies to the Kalmar Union. Both parties agreed to end the hostilities towards one another. While the Union no longer launched any crusades against Eittland, the -Teutonic Order attempted to land again in 1407 with 4.000 men. +Teutonic Order attempted to land again in 1407 with 4,000 men. Although the Kingdom of Hylfjaltr took a devastating blow during the -initial days of the crusade, loosing well over 6.000 men, the invaders +initial days of the crusade, loosing well over 6,000 men, the invaders were ultimately defeated thanks to reinforcement from the Kingdom of Ðeberget. This marked the end of crusades in Eittland. @@ -290,12 +290,12 @@ founded in 1587 the Church of Eittland. You can find in the chart below a breakdown of the various countries and regions religious refugees came from. Although Scandinavia was one -of the first regions to take refuge in Eittland, most of refugees came +of the first regions to take refuge in Eittland, most refugees came from the Holy Roman Empire and from France where religious wars were particularly violent. It is estimated most of the Protestant population of Eittland are mainly from French descent, while the HRE’s and Scandinavian population came with mixes of Christians and -Protestants. On the other hand, most if not all of the English +Protestants. On the other hand most, if not all, of the English population was Christian. #+header: :exports none :eval no-export @@ -428,11 +428,11 @@ important economic partner of the European countries affected by the war, especially in terms of reconstruction. This further cemented Eittland’s place in European economics. However, the country became affected by the Great Depression too. Some twenty thousand Eittlanders -left Eittland at the time, fifteen thousands of them went to the +left Eittland at the time, fifteen thousand of them went to the United States while five thousands left for European countries such as Norway, Germany, the UK, or France. To this day, Chicago (Michigan, USA) is known for hosting the only significant Eittlandic population -outside of Eittland, and second-generation Eittlandic immigrants +outside Eittland, and second-generation Eittlandic immigrants retained their Eittlandic nationality despite most of them never going to Eittland. @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ also became the first country off the coast of the United States to become connected to the American continent. It also became the main relay between mainland Europe and Northern America with one third of internet connections between the continent going through Eittlandic -servers in 2015, although this number is slowly getting lower as new +servers in 2015, although this number is slowly getting lower, as new direct lines between Northern America and Europe are being laid. Eittland became one of the first countries to pledge on a national @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ organisations on their creation, in 1994 and in 1995 respectively, after signing both in 1992 and 1985 respectively. In 2008, due to the economic crisis and instability of the Eittlandic -Krúna (*EIK*), discussions opened with the European parliament to adopt +Krúna (*EIK*), discussions opened with the European Parliament to adopt the Euro. Brussels accepted the application in 2013 and the Euro became the official Eittlandic currency in 2015. Eittlanders have a ten years window to convert their Eittlandic Krúna in Euros, which @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ will become the sole currency accepted in Eittland starting January EU membership became an important debate topic in politics after the 2013 in the Eurozone, however no official membership application has -ever been sent to the European Union. Polls estimates paint mixed +ever been sent to the European Union. Poll estimates paint mixed feelings from the Eittlandic people with only a thin margin putting either "yes" or "no" in front of the other when asked if people would like Eittland to join the EU, as seen below. @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ like Eittland to join the EU, as seen below. **** Internet and Computer Boom Eittland is home to some of the largest websites in the world, -considered the European counterpart to the United State’s Sillicon +considered the European counterpart to the United States’ Sillicon Valley. Some of its best known websites are Raustr, a podcast and blogging platform often compared to a Facebook or VK alternative, as well as Sønmek, a video streaming and sharing platform compared to @@ -582,16 +582,16 @@ fully effective in 2016, with all software developed for the government changing their license to the GPL-2.0 or AGPL-2.0 licenses and their source code available on the Teknikráðuneyt’s website. -** Political Organization +** Political Organisation *** Kingdoms and Monarchy -While Eittland is a single country, it is host to two kingdoms: the -Kingdom of Đeberget in the western part of the country, and the -Kingdom of Hylfjaltr in its eastern part. This is due to a separation -of the country in two halves during the reign of Eittlands second king +While Eittland is a single country, it hosts two kingdoms: the Kingdom +of Đeberget in the western part of the country, and the Kingdom of +Hylfjaltr in its eastern part. This is due to a separation of the +country in two halves during the reign of Eittlands second king Áleifr I when he realized the difficulties he and the following monarchs of the island would face trying to rule the country alone while the latter is almost always split in two by active volcanoes. -Thus, while the two kingdoms operate very independently from each +Thus, while the two kingdoms operate very independently of each other --- each have their own policies on economics, education, industry, and so on --- they also operate in cooperation as the Eittlandic High Kingdom with the king of Đeberget at its head when it @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ comes to common policies, such as military decision and internrational affairs. #+html: The Two Eittlandic States -This means that while both governments are independent from each other +This means that while both governments are independent of each other and are legally equals to each other, the western monarch is the one with the authority to decide on national actions after negotiations between them and the eastern monarch. This is reflected by the throne @@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ possible for the late High Monarch. When the High Monarchs steps up to the central throne, they may designate someone to fill in the role of the monarch of Đeberget for the time being. They can also authorize the monarch of Hylfjaltr to do -so in case they are unavailable and someone need to represent the +so in case they are unavailable and someone needs to represent the country in front of foreign representatives. The last example was during the two last years of Eríkr IX’s reign from 1987 to 1989 when he could not act as High King due to his illness. While he did not @@ -713,10 +713,10 @@ A similar system was created for jarldoms in order to replace jarls with locally elected governments, as well as the organisation of municipalities. -At first only male land owner of the Nordic Faith could vote and could +At first only male landowner of the Nordic Faith could vote and could be elected. In 1886, all men of the Nordic Faith got the right to vote and be elected in the general elections. In 1902, women gained the -right to vote and they gained the right to be elected in 1915. The law +right to vote, and they gained the right to be elected in 1915. The law that allowed women to vote also made the authorities stop enforcing the restriction on the faith of the participants --- while the original texts of 1826 and 1886 were clear on the fact only men of the diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/phonology.org b/docs/eittlandic/phonology.org index cf5d399..45b5238 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/phonology.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/phonology.org @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ * Phonetic Inventory and Translitteration ** Evolution from Early Old Norse to Eittlandic Eittlandic evolved early on from Early Old Norse, and as such some -vowels it evolved from are different than the Old Norse vowels and +vowels it evolved from are different from the Old Norse vowels and consonants some other Nordic languages evolved from. In this chapter, we will see the main list of attested phonetic evolution Eittlandic lived through. @@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ schwa. Notice how in the modern orthography the «ó» didn’t get lost, unlike with the previous rule. Unlike the schwa from the previous rule, the -current schwa still bears the long vowel feature although it is not -pronounced anymore by that point, influencing the rule described in [[*ə\[-long\] / C_# » +current schwa still bears the long vowel feature, although it is not +pronounced any more by that point, influencing the rule described in [[*ə\[-long\] / C_# » ∅][rule 15]]. *** ɣ / {#,V}_ » j @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ following «j». *** ə[-long] / C_# » ∅ As described in the [[*Vː / _# » ə][rule 6]], the schwa resulting from it kept its long -vowel feature although it wasn’t pronounced anymore. This resulted in +vowel feature, although it wasn’t pronounced anymore. This resulted in the current rule making all schwas resulting from short vowels at the end of words to disappear when following a voiced consonant. This basically boils down to any former short vowel following a «j» in @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ become shorter. From the beginning of the 16th century, the Eastern Eittlandic {{{phon(r)}}} began morphing into an {{{phon(ʁ)}}} in all contexts except in word-final «-r», remanants of Old Norse’s nominative «-R». This is typical in the -Eastern region of Eittland and it can be even heard in some dialects +Eastern region of Eittland, and it can be even heard in some dialects of Southern Eittlandic. + Example :: @@ -404,9 +404,9 @@ with their own accent. These three main dialects are Eastern Eittlandic spoken in the majority Kingdom of Hylfjaltr, Western Eittlandic spoken in the majority of the Kingdom of Ðeberget, and Southern Eittlandic spoken on the southern parts of the island, -regardess of the legal kingdom (see the map shown in [[file:./country.md#culture][Culture]]. Three +regardess of the legal kingdom (see the map shown in [[file:./country.md#culture][Culture]]). Three main elements of their respective accent were presented above in [[*r » ʁ (Eastern Eittlandic)][rule -18]], [[*V / _N » Ṽ\[-tense\] ! V\[+high\] (Southern Eittlandic)][rule 20]] and [[*V^{U} » ə ! diphthongs (Western Eittlandic)][rule 22]]. +18]], [[*V / _N » Ṽ\[-tense\] ! V\[+high\] (Southern Eittlandic)][rule 20]] and [[phonology#vu-»-ə-diphthongs-western-eittlandic][rule 22]]. Some regional variation can be also found in these dialects, although less significant and less consistantly than the changes mentioned diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/syntax.org b/docs/eittlandic/syntax.org index ba35039..f0b2fa4 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/syntax.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/syntax.org @@ -347,15 +347,15 @@ degree in its articles. However, as mentioned in [[file:./syntax.md#case-marking marking and by extensions gender marking is slowly disappearing in Modern Eittlandic nouns and adjectives. -Due to the presence of declensions with strong nouns and -adjectives, its pronouns, and to a certain degree different articles, -it can still be said Eittlandic is a gendered language although it -doesn’t hold much importance in its grammar anymore. Since strong -nouns aren’t productive anymore and weak nouns lost all obvious gender -differences, we can even consider gender as not productive anymore in -Eittlandic and bound to eventually disappear. In fact, the loss of -gender is even stronger in Standard Eittlandic due to the theoretical -absence of declensions in this dialect. +Due to the presence of declensions with strong nouns and adjectives, +its pronouns, and to a certain degree different articles, it can still +be said Eittlandic is a gendered language, although it doesn’t hold +much importance in its grammar anymore. Since strong nouns aren’t +productive anymore and weak nouns lost all obvious gender differences, +we can even consider gender as not productive anymore in Eittlandic +and bound to eventually disappear. In fact, the loss of gender is even +stronger in Standard Eittlandic due to the theoretical absence of +declensions in this dialect. In case a strong noun is used with a strong adjective, both will agree in number and gender. diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/typology.org b/docs/eittlandic/typology.org index aa2b607..51f8369 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/typology.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/typology.org @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ # - Give some examples of each type of marking the language exhibits. Over the last centuries, Eittlandic evolved to become a language leaning more and more towards an analytic language, losing its -fusional aspect Old Eittlandic once had. It grammar now greatly relies +fusional aspect Old Eittlandic once had. Its grammar now greatly relies on its syntax as well as on grammatical particules rather than on its morphology. Let’s take the following sentence as an example. @@ -75,5 +75,5 @@ Loss of case marking also affected adjectives which share most of their declensions with nouns. The parts where Eittlandic retains its fusional aspect is with verbs, where loss of its words’ final vowel had much less impact, as we could see in /barn fisk etar/. In this case, -/etar/ is the third person singular declension of the verb /et/, a weak +/etar/ is the third-person singular declension of the verb /et/, a weak verb.