The Language of Þëten

Natively known as: Þëte /θɜˈte/ [θɜˈʔe]

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
qugaň göň göň æ ǵiry xe ŕæŕu qugaň luňgl śì xe göň æ ruzí łykí ŕæhur
Pronunciation: /qɯˈgɑŋ gʌŋ gʌŋ a ɢiˈʁɘ χe ɹaˈɹɯ qɯˈgɑŋ lɯŋgl çɪ χe gʌŋ a ʁɯˈzɨ ɬɘˈkɨ ɹaˈhɯʁ/
Narrow pronunciation: [qɯˈgɑŋ gʌŋ gʌŋ a ɢiˈʁɘ χe ɹaˈɹɯ qɯˈgɑŋ lɯŋgd çɪ χe gʌŋ a ʁɯˈzɨ ɬɘˈkɨ ɹaˈhɯʁ]

Þëte word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned
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Seed for this language: 8949315299428755 ?

Phonology

Consonant inventory: /d͡ʒ g h j k l n q t t͡ʃ z ç ð ŋ ɕ ɖ ɢ ɬ ɮ ɲ ɹ ʁ ʂ ʃ ʐ ʒ ʝ θ χ/

Click IPA symbols for audio

↓Manner/Place→ DentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexAlveolo-palatalPalatalVelarUvularGlottal
Stoptɖk gq ɢ
Nasalnɲŋ
Affricatetʃ dʒ
Fricativeθ ðzʃ ʒʂ ʐɕç ʝχ ʁh
Approximantɹj
Lateral fricativeɬ ɮ
Lateral approximantl

Vowel inventory: /a e i ɑ ɘ ɜ ɨ ɪ ɯ ʌ/

Diphthongs: None ?

IPA vowel chart
FrontNear-​frontCentralNear-​backBack
High
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i  
ɨ  
ɯ  
ɪ  
  
  
e  
ɘ  
  
  
  
  
  
ɜ  
ʌ  
  
  
a  
  
ɑ  
Near- high
High- mid
Mid
Low- mid
Near- Low
Low

Syllable structure: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C) ?
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable ?
Word initial consonants: d͡ʒ, g, gl, glj, gɹ, h, j, k, kɹ, l, lj, n, nj, q, t, tʁ, t͡ʃ, z, ç, çj, ð, ŋ, ɕ, ɖ, ɢ, ɬ, ɮ, ɲ, ɹ, ʁ, ʂ, ʃ, ʃj, ʐ, ʒ, ʝ, θ, χ
Mid-word consonants: d͡ʒ, g, gg, h, j, jk, k, ktj, ktʁ, l, lk, ll, n, ng, nl, nn, nt, ntj, ntl, nʒɹ, nθɹ, t, tg, tgɹ, tj, tk, tt, tɕ, t͡ʃ, z, zj, çt, ð, ðj, ŋ, ŋg, ŋkj, ŋkt͡ʃ, ɕ, ɖ, ɮ, ɲ, ɹ, ɹk, ɹn, ʁ, ʁtj, ʂ, ʃ, ʒ, ʒj, θ, χ
Word final consonants: d͡ʒ, g, j, jl, jn, jʃ, k, klz, kt, l, lk, lt, lθ, n, nk, nt, nz, t, tɬ, tʁ, t͡ʃ, z, ç, ð, ŋ, ŋg, ŋgl, ɕ, ɖ, ɬ, ɮ, ɲ, ɹn, ɹz, ʁ, ʁzn, ʁʃ, ʂ, ʃ, ʒ, ʒn
Phonological rules (in order of application): ?

Guide to phonological rules: e → i / _g means ‘e’ turns into ‘i’ before a ‘g’.
C = consonant, V = vowel, S = stop, N = nasal consonant, F = fricative, K = velar, L = lateral, R = resonant/sonorant, P = labial/bilabial E = front vowel, B = back vowel, # = word boundary, Ø = null/nothing

  • k → ʂ / _i
  • t → ɾ / _a
  • g → h / _h
  • t → ʔ / V_V
  • N → w / S_S
  • eN → y / _#
  • N → w / S_S
  • {k,g} → [+palatal] / _E
  • {k,g} → [+postalveolar] / _E
  • θ → s / _k
  • n → m / #_
  • q → h / _#
  • l → d / _{C,#}
  • Grammar

    Main word order: Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
    Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
    Adposition: postpositions ?

    Noun morphology

    ?
    SingularPlural
    Nominative Masculine man cza /d͡ʒɑ/ men Prefix: źe- /ʝe-/
    źecza /ʝeˈd͡ʒɑ/
    Feminine woman ga /gɑ/ women Prefix: cz(i)- /d͡ʒ(i)-/
    cziga /d͡ʒiˈgɑ/
    Accusative Masculine man Prefix: e- /e-/
    ecza /eˈd͡ʒɑ/
    men Prefix: u- /ɯ-/
    ucza /ɯˈd͡ʒɑ/
    Feminine woman Prefix: g(i)- /g(i)-/
    giga /giˈgɑ/ [ɟiˈgɑ]
    women Prefix: ë- /ɜ-/
    ëga /ɜˈgɑ/
    Genitive Masculine man's Prefix: śì- /çɪ-/
    śìcza /çɪˈd͡ʒɑ/
    men's Prefix: ga- /gɑ-/
    gacza /gɑˈd͡ʒɑ/
    Feminine woman's Prefix: ž(í)- /ʐ(ɨ)-/
    žíga /ʐɨˈgɑ/
    women's Prefix: ńí- /ɲɨ-/
    ńíga /ɲɨˈgɑ/
    Dative Masculine to [the/a] man Prefix: y- /ɘ-/
    ycza /ɘˈd͡ʒɑ/
    to men Prefix: a- /ɑ-/
    acza /ɑˈd͡ʒɑ/
    Feminine to [the/a] woman Prefix: y- /ɘ-/
    yga /ɘˈgɑ/
    to [the/some] women Prefix: š(e)- /ʂ(e)-/
    šega /ʂeˈgɑ/
    Locative Masculine in/at/by [the/a] man Prefix: ẑ(e)- /ʒ(e)-/
    ẑcza /ʒd͡ʒɑ/
    in/at/by [the/some] men Prefix: e- /e-/
    ecza /eˈd͡ʒɑ/
    Feminine in/at/by [the/a] woman Prefix: k(a)- /k(ɑ)-/
    kaga /kɑˈgɑ/
    in/at/by [the/some] women Prefix: gy- /gɘ-/
    gyga /gɘˈgɑ/

    Definite article

    ?
    SingularPlural
    Nominative Masculine the [man] csì /t͡ʃɪ/ the [men] csì /t͡ʃɪ/
    Feminine the [woman] ẑëň /ʒɜŋ/ the [women] ẑëň /ʒɜŋ/
    Accusative Masculine the [man] þìß /θɪʃ/ the [men] gínk /gɨnk/
    Feminine the [woman] ẑyn /ʒɘn/ the [women] írß /ɨʁʃ/
    Genitive Masculine the [man's] kìß /kɪʃ/ the [men's] þyś /θɘɕ/
    Feminine the [woman's] žörß /ʐʌʁʃ/ the [women's] ír /ɨʁ/
    Dative Masculine to the [man] kënt /kɜnt/ to the [men] þiś /θiɕ/
    Feminine to the [woman] xurß /χɯʁʃ/ to the [women] eẑ /eʒ/
    Locative Masculine in/at/by the [man] gír /gɨʁ/ in/at/by the [men] þíň /θɨŋ/
    Feminine in/at/by the [woman] ðírß /ðɨʁʃ/ in/at/by the [women] eẑ /eʒ/

    Uses of definite article that differ from English:

    • Definite article can be omitted
     Example: ‘I am going to jacuzzi’
    • Used to talk about countable nouns in general
     Example: English's ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
    • Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns
     ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
    • Used for languages: ‘The English’
    • Used with place names: ‘The London’

    Indefinite article

    ?
    No indefinite article.

    Personal pronouns

    NominativeAccusativeGenitiveDative
    1st.sg I ẑæ /ʒa/ me ẑæj /ʒaj/ mine ẑæ æ /ʒa a/ to me ẑæ xe /ʒa χe/
    2nd.sg.m you (masc.) këß /kɜʃ/ you (masc.) kyš /kɘʂ/ yours (masc.) këß æ /kɜʃ a/ to you (masc.) këß xe /kɜʃ χe/
    2nd.sg.f you (fem.) xe /χe/ you (fem.) xyk /χɘk/ yours (fem.) xe æ /χe a/ to you (fem.) xe xe /χe χe/
    3rd.sg.m he göň /gʌŋ/ him geś /geç/ [ɟeç] his göň æ /gʌŋ a/ to him göň xe /gʌŋ χe/
    3rd.sg.f she śì /çɪ/ her śìnt /çɪnt/ hers śì æ /çɪ a/ to her śì xe /çɪ χe/
    1st.pl we csìr /t͡ʃɪʁ/ us csìcz /t͡ʃɪd͡ʒ/ ours csìr æ /t͡ʃɪʁ a/ to us csìr xe /t͡ʃɪʁ χe/
    2nd.pl you czy /d͡ʒɘ/ you czyklz /d͡ʒɘklz/ [d͡ʒɘkdz] yours czy æ /d͡ʒɘ a/ to you czy xe /d͡ʒɘ χe/
    3rd.pl.m they (masc.) /kɜ/ them (masc.) ka /kɑ/ their (masc.) æ /kɜ a/ to them (masc.) xe /kɜ χe/
    3rd.pl.f they (fem.) ga /gɑ/ them (fem.) ga /gɑ/ their (fem.) ga æ /gɑ a/ to them (fem.) ga xe /gɑ χe/

    Verbs

    Indicative mood
    Past Present Future
    Perfective studied study will study
    1st.sg Prefix: u- /ɯ-/
    ułír /ɯˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: æ- /a-/
    æłír /aˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: e- /e-/
    ełír /eˈɬɨʁ/
    2nd.sg Prefix: l(i)- /l(i)-/
    liłír /liˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: y- /ɘ-/
    yłír /ɘˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: x(ì)- /χ(ɪ)-/
    xìłír /χɪˈɬɨʁ/
    3rd.sg Prefix: ŕ(æ)- /ɹ(a)-/
    ŕæłír /ɹaˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: cze- /d͡ʒe-/
    czełír /d͡ʒeˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: kŕí- /kɹɨ-/
    kŕíłír /kɹɨˈɬɨʁ/
    1st.pl Prefix: ł(u)- /ɬ(ɯ)-/
    łułír /ɬɯˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: gl(a)- /gl(ɑ)-/
    glałír /glɑˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: ń(y)- /ɲ(ɘ)-/
    ńyłír /ɲɘˈɬɨʁ/
    2nd.pl Prefix: czi- /d͡ʒi-/
    cziłír /d͡ʒiˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: ë- /ɜ-/
    ëłír /ɜˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: š(ö)- /ʂ(ʌ)-/
    šöłír /ʂʌˈɬɨʁ/
    3rd.pl Prefix: e- /e-/
    ełír /eˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: źæ- /ʝa-/
    źæłír /ʝaˈɬɨʁ/
    Prefix: ẑ(a)- /ʒ(ɑ)-/
    ẑałír /ʒɑˈɬɨʁ/

    Perfect aspect

    ‘have studied’

    Uses the particle /eʂ/ after main verb.

    Progressive aspect

    ‘am studying’

    Uses the word for ‘be’ after main verb.

    Imperative

    ‘study!’ (as a command)

    First person: Prefix: š(y)- /ʂ(ɘ)-/

    Second person: Prefix: y- /ɘ-/

    Negation

    Prefix on verb: g(u)- /g(ɯ)-/
    Tense affixes come between the root verb and the negative affix.

    Derivational morphology

    Noun → adjective: Prefix: ń(u)- /ɲ(ɯ)-/
    Adjective → noun: Prefix: ŕ(í)- /ɹ(ɨ)-/
    Noun → verb: Prefix: ł(æ)- /ɬ(a)-/
    Verb → noun: Prefix: u- /ɯ-/
    Verb → adjective: Prefix: ku- /kɯ-/
    Adjective → adverb: Prefix: ð(u)- /ð(ɯ)-/
    One who Xs (e.g. paint → painter): Prefix: ǵ(i)- /ɢ(i)-/
    Place where (e.g. wine → winery): Prefix: ë- /ɜ-/
    Diminutive: Prefix: næ- /na-/ [ma-]
    Augmentative: Prefix: ẑ(a)- /ʒ(ɑ)-/

    Þëte - English Dictionary

    Key: spelling /pronunciation/ part of speech. definition(s)

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