From bd8672b7fe39e38189215d8d4c0794ab5dacb262 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lucien Cartier-Tilet Date: Sun, 24 Apr 2022 17:17:33 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] [Eittlandic] Add information on gender Also private information on word order for later --- content/eittlandic.org | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/eittlandic.org b/content/eittlandic.org index 37b7ae0..e5422ac 100644 --- a/content/eittlandic.org +++ b/content/eittlandic.org @@ -1177,15 +1177,16 @@ On the other hand, Southern Eittlandic tends to front its {{{phon(ɑ)}}} into :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-aywhtyt058j0 :END: -*** Names +*** Nouns :noexport: :PROPERTIES: -:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Names-ztxhtyt058j0 +:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Overview-World-Classes-Nouns-p5m0fug0pfj0 :END: # - What are the distributional properties of nouns? # - What are the structural properties of nouns? # - What are the major formally distinct subcategories of nouns? # - What is the basic structure of the noun word (for polysynthetic # languages) and/or noun phrases (for more isolating languages)? + **** Countables and Uncountables :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Names-Countables-and-Uncountables-sqyhtyt058j0 @@ -1194,7 +1195,7 @@ On the other hand, Southern Eittlandic tends to front its {{{phon(ɑ)}}} into :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Names-Proper-Nouns-0ozhtyt058j0 :END: -*** Pronouns and Anaphoric Clitics +*** Pronouns and Anaphoric Clitics :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Pronouns-and-Anaphoric-Clitics-9k0ityt058j0 :END: @@ -1213,7 +1214,7 @@ On the other hand, Southern Eittlandic tends to front its {{{phon(ɑ)}}} into :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Pronouns-and-Anaphoric-Clitics-Possessive-Pronouns-2pu4r0u058j0 :END: -*** Verbs +*** Verbs :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-xg1ityt058j0 :END: @@ -1248,7 +1249,7 @@ On the other hand, Southern Eittlandic tends to front its {{{phon(ɑ)}}} into :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Verbs-Verbal-Inflexions-443cf8u058j0 :END: -*** Modifiers +*** Modifiers :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Modifiers-yw5cf8u058j0 :END: @@ -1277,7 +1278,7 @@ On the other hand, Southern Eittlandic tends to front its {{{phon(ɑ)}}} into :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Modifiers-Numerals-4gvelau058j0 :END: -*** Adverbs +*** Adverbs :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Adverbs-6lxelau058j0 :END: @@ -1290,11 +1291,11 @@ On the other hand, Southern Eittlandic tends to front its {{{phon(ɑ)}}} into # morphemes common to the type, etc. # - Are any of these classes of adverbs related to older # complement-taking (matrix) verbs? -*** Adpositions +*** Adpositions :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Adpositions-isib3bu058j0 :END: -*** Grammatical Particules +*** Grammatical Particules :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-World-Classes-Grammatical-Particules-q0kb3bu058j0 :END: @@ -1512,9 +1513,9 @@ used even in this dialect. # - Are there other types of possession? # - When the possessor is a full noun, where does it usually come with # respect to the possessed noun? -*** Classes (including Gender) :noexport: +*** Gender :PROPERTIES: -:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-Structure-of-a-Nominal-Group-Classes-including-Gender-i2e6umu058j0 +:CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Overview-Structure-Nominal-Group-Gender-2ekhlhh0pfj0 :END: # - Is there a noun class system? # - What are the classes and how are they manifested in the noun @@ -1524,6 +1525,22 @@ used even in this dialect. # relevant? # - Do the classifiers occur with numerals? Adjectives? Verbs? # - What is their function in these contexts? +Eittlandic inherited from Old Norse a gender system divided into three +genders: male, female, and neuter. Due to the presence of declensions +with strong nouns and adjectives, its pronouns, and to a certain +degree different articles, it can still be said Eittlandic is a +gendered language although it doesn’t hold much importance in its +grammar anymore. Since strong nouns aren’t productive anymore and weak +nouns lost all obvious gender differences, we can even consider gender +as not productive anymore in Eittlandic and bound to eventually +disappear. + +In case a strong noun is used with a strong adjective, both will agree +in number and gender. + ++ Examples: + - + *** Diminution/Augmentation :noexport: :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Structural-Preview-Structure-of-a-Nominal-Group-Diminution-Augmentation-41f6umu058j0 @@ -1955,6 +1972,26 @@ used even in this dialect. | 2000 | 75 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | 2019 | 68 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 3 | +** Word order +:PROPERTIES: +:CUSTOM_ID: Private-Data-Word-order-csri7cg0pfj0 +:END: +Per /Hawkin’s Universals/: + +$Posp \supset ((AdjN \vee RelN \supset DemN\ \& \ NumN\ \& \ PossN)\ \& \ (DemN \vee NumN \vee PossN \supset GenN))$ + +Adjectives precede nouns, therefore demonstratives, numerals, and +possessives also preceed the noun. Since they do, the language must +also allow genitives to preceed the noun. The only element in the +Postpositional rule that does not precede the noun are relative +clauses. + +Eittlandic also has prepositions. Genitive can follow the noun, +therefore relative clauses must follow the noun. Therefore, we have: +| NPosp | DemN | NumN | PossN | AdjN | GenN | NRel | +This is language C as per Artifexian’s [[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ZJV1C8g-u8PbZIEHp8t7JT8SSyY7ZetEZ5oBJJn0g2U/edit][list of postpositional +languages]]. + * Footnotes :PROPERTIES: :CUSTOM_ID: Footnotes-uybi3030e5j0