2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
< !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
< html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang = "fr" xml:lang = "fr" >
< head >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
<!-- 2018 - 05 - 30 mer. 00:53 -->
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html;charset=utf-8" / >
< meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width, initial-scale=1" / >
< title > Cas grammaticaux de la Langue Divine< / title >
< meta name = "generator" content = "Org mode" / >
< meta name = "author" content = "Lucien Cartier-Tilet" / >
< style type = "text/css" >
<!-- /* --> <![CDATA[/*> <!-- */
.title { text-align: center;
margin-bottom: .2em; }
.subtitle { text-align: center;
font-size: medium;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top:0; }
.todo { font-family: monospace; color: red; }
.done { font-family: monospace; color: green; }
.priority { font-family: monospace; color: orange; }
.tag { background-color: #eee; font-family: monospace;
padding: 2px; font-size: 80%; font-weight: normal; }
.timestamp { color: #bebebe; }
.timestamp-kwd { color: #5f9ea0; }
.org-right { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.org-left { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; }
.org-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; }
.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
#postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; }
p.verse { margin-left: 3%; }
pre {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px #eee;
padding: 8pt;
font-family: monospace;
overflow: auto;
margin: 1.2em;
}
pre.src {
position: relative;
overflow: visible;
padding-top: 1.2em;
}
pre.src:before {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: white;
top: -10px;
right: 10px;
padding: 3px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
pre.src:hover:before { display: inline;}
/* Languages per Org manual */
pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; }
pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; }
pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; }
/* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */
pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; }
pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; }
pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; }
pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; }
pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; }
pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; }
pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; }
pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; }
pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; }
pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; }
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; }
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; }
pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; }
pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; }
pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; }
pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; }
pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; }
pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; }
pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; }
pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; }
pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; }
pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; }
pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; }
pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; }
pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; }
pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; }
pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; }
pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; }
pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; }
pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; }
pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; }
pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; }
pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; }
pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; }
pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; }
pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; }
/* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */
pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; }
pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; }
pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; }
pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; }
pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; }
pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; }
pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; }
pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; }
pre.src-shell:before { content: 'Shell Script'; }
pre.src-ebnf2ps:before { content: 'ebfn2ps'; }
/* additional language identifiers per "defun org-babel-execute"
in ob-*.el */
pre.src-cpp:before { content: 'C++'; }
pre.src-abc:before { content: 'ABC'; }
pre.src-coq:before { content: 'Coq'; }
pre.src-groovy:before { content: 'Groovy'; }
/* additional language identifiers from org-babel-shell-names in
ob-shell.el: ob-shell is the only babel language using a lambda to put
the execution function name together. */
pre.src-bash:before { content: 'bash'; }
pre.src-csh:before { content: 'csh'; }
pre.src-ash:before { content: 'ash'; }
pre.src-dash:before { content: 'dash'; }
pre.src-ksh:before { content: 'ksh'; }
pre.src-mksh:before { content: 'mksh'; }
pre.src-posh:before { content: 'posh'; }
/* Additional Emacs modes also supported by the LaTeX listings package */
pre.src-ada:before { content: 'Ada'; }
pre.src-asm:before { content: 'Assembler'; }
pre.src-caml:before { content: 'Caml'; }
pre.src-delphi:before { content: 'Delphi'; }
pre.src-html:before { content: 'HTML'; }
pre.src-idl:before { content: 'IDL'; }
pre.src-mercury:before { content: 'Mercury'; }
pre.src-metapost:before { content: 'MetaPost'; }
pre.src-modula-2:before { content: 'Modula-2'; }
pre.src-pascal:before { content: 'Pascal'; }
pre.src-ps:before { content: 'PostScript'; }
pre.src-prolog:before { content: 'Prolog'; }
pre.src-simula:before { content: 'Simula'; }
pre.src-tcl:before { content: 'tcl'; }
pre.src-tex:before { content: 'TeX'; }
pre.src-plain-tex:before { content: 'Plain TeX'; }
pre.src-verilog:before { content: 'Verilog'; }
pre.src-vhdl:before { content: 'VHDL'; }
pre.src-xml:before { content: 'XML'; }
pre.src-nxml:before { content: 'XML'; }
/* add a generic configuration mode; LaTeX export needs an additional
(add-to-list 'org-latex-listings-langs '(conf " ")) in .emacs */
pre.src-conf:before { content: 'Configuration File'; }
table { border-collapse:collapse; }
caption.t-above { caption-side: top; }
caption.t-bottom { caption-side: bottom; }
td, th { vertical-align:top; }
th.org-right { text-align: center; }
th.org-left { text-align: center; }
th.org-center { text-align: center; }
td.org-right { text-align: right; }
td.org-left { text-align: left; }
td.org-center { text-align: center; }
dt { font-weight: bold; }
.footpara { display: inline; }
.footdef { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.figure { padding: 1em; }
.figure p { text-align: center; }
.inlinetask {
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid gray;
margin: 10px;
background: #ffffcc;
}
#org-div-home-and-up
{ text-align: right; font-size: 70%; white-space: nowrap; }
textarea { overflow-x: auto; }
.linenr { font-size: smaller }
.code-highlighted { background-color: #ffff00; }
.org-info-js_info-navigation { border-style: none; }
#org-info-js_console-label
{ font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; }
.org-info-js_search-highlight
{ background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; }
.org-svg { width: 90%; }
/*]]>*/-->
< / style >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/css/htmlize.css" / >
< link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/css/bigblow.css" / >
< link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/css/hideshow.css" / >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/jquery-1.11.0.min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/jquery-ui-1.10.2.min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/jquery.localscroll-min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/jquery.scrollTo-1.4.3.1-min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/jquery.zclip.min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/bigblow.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/bigblow/js/hideshow.js" > < / script >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "https://www.pirilampo.org/styles/lib/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.min.js" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" >
/*
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
JavaScript code in this tag.
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
@licend The above is the entire license notice
for the JavaScript code in this tag.
*/
<!-- /* --> <![CDATA[/*> <!-- */
function CodeHighlightOn(elem, id)
{
var target = document.getElementById(id);
if(null != target) {
elem.cacheClassElem = elem.className;
elem.cacheClassTarget = target.className;
target.className = "code-highlighted";
elem.className = "code-highlighted";
}
}
function CodeHighlightOff(elem, id)
{
var target = document.getElementById(id);
if(elem.cacheClassElem)
elem.className = elem.cacheClassElem;
if(elem.cacheClassTarget)
target.className = elem.cacheClassTarget;
}
/*]]>*///-->
< / script >
< / head >
< body >
< div id = "content" >
< h1 class = "title" > Cas grammaticaux de la Langue Divine< / h1 >
< div id = "table-of-contents" >
< h2 > Table des matières< / h2 >
< div id = "text-table-of-contents" >
< ul >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< li > < a href = "#org79ac7de" > 1. Chart for review for the basic cases< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#org94e2cd4" > 2. Location< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#org89f9fbf" > 3. Motion from< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#org9cae052" > 4. Motion to< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#org41c9950" > 5. Motion via< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#org5b49c59" > 6. Time< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#orge5b17e8" > 7. Morphosyntactic alignment< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#orgf9dc645" > 8. Relation< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#orgdb7d555" > 9. Semantics< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#org8805e6c" > 10. State< / a > < / li >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< / ul >
< / div >
< / div >
< p >
Grammatical states marques with a star ( < b > as declensions< / b > in the Divine Language.
< / p >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org79ac7de" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org79ac7de" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 1< / span > Chart for review for the basic cases< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-1" >
< table border = "2" cellspacing = "0" cellpadding = "6" rules = "groups" frame = "hsides" >
< colgroup >
< col class = "org-left" / >
< / colgroup >
< colgroup >
< col class = "org-left" / >
< col class = "org-left" / >
< col class = "org-left" / >
< col class = "org-left" / >
< / colgroup >
< thead >
< tr >
< th scope = "col" class = "org-left" >   < / th >
< th scope = "col" class = "org-left" > interior< / th >
< th scope = "col" class = "org-left" > surface< / th >
< th scope = "col" class = "org-left" > adjacency< / th >
< th scope = "col" class = "org-left" > state< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td class = "org-left" > < i > from< / i > < / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Elative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Delative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Ablative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Excessive< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td class = "org-left" > < i > at/in< / i > < / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Inessive< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Superessive< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Adessive< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Essive< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td class = "org-left" > < i > (in)to< / i > < / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Illative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Sublative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Allative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Translative< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td class = "org-left" > < i > via< / i > < / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Perlative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" > Prolative< / td >
< td class = "org-left" >   < / td >
< td class = "org-left" >   < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org94e2cd4" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org94e2cd4" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 2< / span > Location< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-2" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Adessive case ADE < i > iŗ-< / i > < / dt > < dd > adjacent location< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: near/at/by the house, < i > íŗmén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Antessive case ANTE < i > vwo-< / i > < / dt > < dd > anterior location< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: before the house, < i > vwómén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Apudessive case APUD < i > ne-< / i > < / dt > < dd > location next to something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: next to the house, < i > némén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Inessive case < i > -ŕo-< / i > < / dt > < dd > inside something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: inside the house, < i > méŕón< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Intrative case ITRT < i > -fu-< / i > < / dt > < dd > between something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: between the houses, < i > méfún< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Locative case LOC < i > la-< / i > < / dt > < dd > location (general case)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: at/on/in the house, < i > lámén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Pertingent case < i > ma-< / i > < / dt > < dd > in contact with something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: touching the house, < i > mámén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Postessive case POSTE < i > -uß< / i > < / dt > < dd > posterior location< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: behind the house, < i > ménúß< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Subessive case SUBE < i > nwo-< / i > < / dt > < dd > under something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: under/below the house, < i > nwómén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Superessive case SUPE < i > ßta-< / i > < / dt > < dd > on the surface< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: on (top of) the house, < i > ßtámén< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org89f9fbf" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org89f9fbf" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 3< / span > Motion from< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-3" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Ablative case ABL < i > li-< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement away from something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: away from the house, < i > límén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Delative case DEL < i > ßa-< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement from the surface< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: from (the top of) the house, < i > ßámén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Egressive case EGRE< / dt > < dd > marking the beginning of a movement or time< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: beginning from the house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Elative case ELA < i > -ykń< / i > < / dt > < dd > out of something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: out of the house, < i > ménýkń< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Initiative case INITI < i > -akļ< / i > < / dt > < dd > starting point of an action< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: beginning from the house, < i > ménákļ< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org9cae052" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org9cae052" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 4< / span > Motion to< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-4" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Allative case ALL < i > -li-< / i > < / dt > < dd > < ul class = "org-ul" >
< li > *in Hungarian and in Finnish: movement to (the adjacency of). Example: to the house< / li >
< li > in Estonian and in Finnish: movement onto something. Example: onto the house, < i > mélín< / i > < / li >
< / ul > < / dd >
< dt > Illative case ILL < i > -ën-< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement into something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: into the house, < i > mênén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Lative case LAT < i > -la< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement to something (general case)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: to/into the house, < i > ménlá< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Sublative case SUBL < i > -iţ< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement onto the surface or below something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: on(to) the house / under the house, < i > méníţ< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Terminative case TERM < i > -aen< / i > < / dt > < dd > marking the end of a movement or time< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: as far as the house, < i > ménáén< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org41c9950" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org41c9950" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 5< / span > Motion via< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-5" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Perlative case PER < i > žu-< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement through or along< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: through/along the house, < i > žúmén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Prolative case PROL < i > še-< / i > < / dt > < dd > movement using a surface or way (= prosecutive case, vialis case)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: by way of/through the house, < i > šémén< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org5b49c59" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org5b49c59" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 6< / span > Time< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-6" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Accusative case ACC < i > -źu< / i > < / dt > < dd > indicating duration of time known as the < b > accusative of duration of time< / b > < / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: for many years, < i > łaižegźu< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Essive case ESS < i > -oiþyd-< / i > < / dt > < dd > used for specifying days and dates when something happens< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: on the first day of the week, < i > žóíþýdójorém< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Limitative case LIMIT < i > -amp< / i > < / dt > < dd > specifying a deadline< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: by the first day of the week, < i > žójorémámp< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Temporal case TEMP < i > -igni< / i > < / dt > < dd > specifying a time< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: at seven o’ < i > ţuheol ţupńtwan ţéálnatigni< / i > (GEN-hour GEN-seven precise-TEMP, at the precise hour of seven)
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-orge5b17e8" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "orge5b17e8" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 7< / span > Morphosyntactic alignment< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-7" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Absolutive case (1) ABS < i > -a< / i > < / dt > < dd > patient, experiencer; subject of an intransitive verb and direct object of a transitive verb. < b > In the divine language, the absolutive case is only used for the subject of an intransitive verb.< / b > < / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: he pushed the < b > door< / b > and < b > it< / b > opened, < i > kjaŗa< / i > (door)
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Absolutive case (2) ABS< / dt > < dd > patient, involuntary experiencer< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: he pushed the < b > door< / b > and < b > it< / b > opened; < b > he< / b > slipped
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Absolutive case (3) ABS< / dt > < dd > patient, experiencer; instrument< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: he pushed the < b > door< / b > with his < b > hand< / b > and < b > it< / b > opened
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Accusative case (1)< / dt > < dd > patient< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: he pushed the < b > door< / b > and it opened
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Accusative case (2) ACC < i > -vo< / i > < / dt > < dd > direct object of a transitive verb< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: I see < b > her< / b > , < i > kjeŗvo< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Agentive case AGE < i > te-< / i > < / dt > < dd > agent, specifies or asks about < i > who< / i > or < i > what< / i > ; specific agent that is subset of a< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
general topic or subject. Equivalent to the -ga particle in Japanese
Example: it was < b > she< / b > who committed the crime; as for him, his < b > head< / b > hurts, < i > tekjeŗ< / i > , < i > tegar< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Ergative case ERG < i > -jo< / i > < / dt > < dd > agent; subject of a transitive verb< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: < b > he< / b > pushed the door and it opened
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Ergative-genitive case EGN< / dt > < dd > agent, possession< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: < b > he< / b > pushed the door and it opened; < b > her< / b > dog
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Instructive INSTRUCTIVE < i > -eň< / i > < / dt > < dd > means, answers question < i > how?< / i > < / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: by the means of the houses, < i > ménéň< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Instrumental INS/INSTR < i > -dļ< / i > < / dt > < dd > instrument, answers question < i > using which thing?< / i > < / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: with the house, < i > méndļ< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Instrumental-comitative case< / dt > < dd > instrument, in company of something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: with the house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Nominative case (1)< / dt > < dd > agent, experiencer; subject of a transitive or intransitive verb< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: < b > he< / b > pushed the door and < b > it< / b > opened
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Nominative case (2)< / dt > < dd > agent; voluntary experiencer< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: < b > he< / b > pushed the door and it opened; < b > she< / b > paused
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Nominative case NOM (3) < i > pa-< / i > < / dt > < dd > In the divine language, the person linked to the word; transforms a verbal group into a nominal group< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: horseman, < i > panael< / i > (the man linked to horses, implied riding horses)
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Objective case (1) OBJ< / dt > < dd > direct or indirect object of verb< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: I saw < b > her< / b > ; I gave < b > her< / b > the book
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Objective/Oblique (2)< / dt > < dd > direct or indirect object of verb or object of preposition; a catch-all case for any situation except nominative or genitive< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: I saw < b > her< / b > ; I gave < b > her< / b > the book; with < b > her< / b >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Oblique case OBL < i > -ŗeß< / i > < / dt > < dd > all-round case; any situation except nominative or vocative. In the divine language, is used to quote the element< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: concerning the house, < i > ménŗéß< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Intransitive case INTR < i > -ai< / i > < / dt > < dd > the subject of an intransitive verb or the logical complement of a transitive verb (= passive or patient case)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: the < b > door< / b > opened, < i > mělai< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Pegative case PEG < i > ey-< / i > < / dt > < dd > agent in a clause with a dative argument< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: < b > he< / b > gave the book to him, < i > eykjaŗ< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-orgf9dc645" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "orgf9dc645" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 8< / span > Relation< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-8" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Ablative case < i > łe-< / i > < / dt > < dd > all-round indirect case< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: concerning the house, < i > łémén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Aversive case EVIT < i > -ńþ-< / i > < / dt > < dd > avoiding or fear< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: avoiding the house, < i > mńþén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Benefactive case BEN< / dt > < dd > for, for the benefit of, intended for< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: for the house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Causal case CAUS < i > -oby< / i > < / dt > < dd > because, because of< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: because of the house, < i > ménóbý< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Causal-final case< / dt > < dd > efficient or final cause< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: for a house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Comitative case COM < i > -ðei-< / i > < / dt > < dd > in company of something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: with the house, < i > méðéín< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Dative case DAT < i > -at-< / i > < / dt > < dd > shows directon or recipient< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: for/to the house, < i > mátén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Distributive case DISTR < i > xelje-< / i > < / dt > < dd > distribution by piece< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: per house, < i > xéljémén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Distributive-temporal case < i > -be< / i > < / dt > < dd > how often something happens< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: on Sundays, < i > ðúbémbé< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Genitive case GEN < i > ţu-< / i > < / dt > < dd > shows relationship, possesssion< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: of the house; the house’ < i > ţúmén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Ornative case< / dt > < dd > endowment with something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: equipped with a house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Possessed case POSS< / dt > < dd > possession by something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: the house is owned by someone
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Privative case < i > ei-< / i > < / dt > < dd > lacking something (in general)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: without a houses, < i > éímén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Semplative case < i > -ŗwo< / i > < / dt > < dd > similarity to something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: that tree is < b > like a house< / b > , < i > ménŗwó< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Sociative case < i > to-< / i > < / dt > < dd > along with something, together with something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: with the house, < i > tómén< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-orgdb7d555" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "orgdb7d555" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 9< / span > Semantics< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-9" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Partitive case PTV/PART < i > -ili’ < / i > < / dt > < dd > used for amounts< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: three (of the) houses, < i > mílí’ < / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Prepositional case PREP< / dt > < dd > when certain prepositions precede the noun< / dd >
< / dl >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Postpositional case POST< / dt > < dd > when certain preposition follows the noun< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: in/on/about the house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Vocative case VOC < i > -wa< / i > < / dt > < dd > used for addressing someone, with or without a preposition< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: Hey, father! O father! Father!, < i > pánámwá< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< div id = "outline-container-org8805e6c" class = "outline-2" >
< h2 id = "org8805e6c" > < span class = "section-number-2" > 10< / span > State< / h2 >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< div class = "outline-text-2" id = "text-10" >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Abessive case ABE/ABESS < i > e-< / i > < / dt > < dd > the lack of something, a particular thing< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: without the house, < i > émén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Adverbial case ADV < i > -ei< / i > < / dt > < dd > being as something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: as a house, < i > ménéí< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Comparative case COMP < i > -oit< / i > < / dt > < dd > similarity with something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: similar to the house, compared to the house, < i > ménóít< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Equative case < i > -ńt< / i > < / dt > < dd > comparison with something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: like the house, < i > ménńt< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Essive case < i > -oiþyd-< / i > < / dt > < dd > temporary state of being, general use (essive-formal or essive-modal undefined, or both)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: as the house, < i > móíþýdén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Essive-formal case < i > -ëd< / i > < / dt > < dd > marking a condition as a quality (a kind of shape)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: as a house, < i > ménêd< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Essive-modal case < i > -u’ < / i > < / dt > < dd > marking a condition as a quality (a way of being)< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: as a house, < i > ménú’ < / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Exessive case< / dt > < dd > marking a transition from a condition< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: from being a house (i.e., “it stops being a house”)
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > *Formal case< / dt > < dd > marking a condition as a quality< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: as a house
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Identical case < i > -etur< / i > < / dt > < dd > showing that something is identical< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: being identical to the house, < i > ménétúr< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Orientative case ORI < i > fo-< / i > < / dt > < dd > oriented towards something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: turned towards the house, < i > fómén< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Revertive case < i > -ňo-< / i > < / dt > < dd > backwards to something< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: against the house, < i > méňón< / i >
< / p >
< dl class = "org-dl" >
< dt > Translative case TRANSL < i > -in< / i > < / dt > < dd > change of a condition into another< / dd >
< / dl >
< p >
Example: (turning) into a house, < i > ménín< / i >
< / p >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< div id = "postamble" class = "status" >
< p class = "author" > Auteur: Lucien Cartier-Tilet< / p >
2018-05-29 22:58:16 +00:00
< p class = "date" > Created: 2018-05-30 mer. 00:53< / p >
2018-05-15 17:36:07 +00:00
< p class = "validation" > < / p >
< / div >
< / body >
< / html >
