Replace deprecated `HEADERS' keyword with `HEADER'

Fix broken links

Better headers in some files

Fix some typos

2022-02-12 12:51:52 +01:00

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Arch Linux, Phundrak-flavored

Introduction
Install Arch Linux
- Get the latest, fastest mirrors
- Install the system
Execute bootstrap

Introduction

Here will be presented what I do to get my system up and running on a fresh Arch Linux install. These installation instructions were written in order to get an Arch Linux distribution up and running with the same configuration as my main computer’s and my travelling laptop’s configuration.

Install Arch Linux

I usually install Arch from the vanilla ISO, however I began using archfi to install easily the distro (I’ve done it so many times, I know how it works now). Usually, my distros will be installed on two partitions: /home and / (root).

If the computer supports EFI bootloaders, the EFI partition will be mounted on /boot/efi. I generally use systemd-boot as my boot manager, but if you are more comfortable with another one, just install what you want. Be aware that if you format your /boot partition, you will delete all boot managers that already exist; so, if you are dual-booting, DO NOT FORMAT IT. Yes, I made the mistake of wiping the Windows boot manager when I used to dual-boot.

In order to use the suspend-then-hibernate systemd command, it is necessary to have a swap partition at least twice the size of your installed RAM. That is because when this command will be run, the system will try to save the current state of your machine, stored in your RAM, to the swap filesystem. If there is not enough space, the command will fail, and you won’t be able to use this command. For instance, my current computer has 32GB of RAM, hence my SWAP partition is 16GB large.

Get the latest, fastest mirrors

When you boot into the live ISO, execute the following command:

pacman -Sy reflector
reflector -c FR -c DE -c BE -l 200 -p http -p https --sort rate \
          --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose

This will update the packages from your live ISO, and you will get the best mirrors for your installation. Of course, change the countries accordingly to your location. In my case, I am only interested in French, German, and Belgian mirrors.

Install the system

Then you can use a custom script to ease your installation of Arch if you do not wish to do it manually. Personally, I’ve done it several times already, I know how the distro works, I just want to be able to install my distro quickly now. I’ll need to download the script with wget, but apparently it isn’t installed by default on Arch ISOs anymore, so I’ll need to install it.

pacman -S wget

Now, let’s grab the script. You can check it on Github.

wget archfi.sf.net/archfi
# Or from matmoul.github.io/archfi if SourceForge is down
sh archfi

Then, follow the instructions and install Arch Linux. Take the opportunity to install as many packages as you need, mainly paru which I use as my package manager (it is just a wrapper for pacman) and AUR helper, and pacman-contrib which will help us installing some packages later.

Once your system is installed, reboot and remove your installation media from your computer.

Execute bootstrap

The first thing I will do is add the Chaotic AUR repository so I can get access to paru as well as some AUR packages without the need of an AUR helper (ironic considering paru is one)..

sudo pacman-key --recv-key 3056513887B78AEB --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com
sudo pacman-key --lsign-key 3056513887B78AEB
sudo pacman -U 'https://cdn-mirror.chaotic.cx/chaotic-aur/chaotic-keyring.pkg.tar.zst' 'https://cdn-mirror.chaotic.cx/chaotic-aur/chaotic-mirrorlist.pkg.tar.zst'
printf '[chaotic-aur]\nServer = /etc/pacman.d/chaotic-mirrorlist\n' | sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf

I can now install fish, git, and paru:

sudo pacman -S fish git paru

And now that paru is available, we can install yadm:

paru -S yadm

yadm comes with a very handy feature: its bootstrap script. It can be executed automatically once the dotfiles are cloned with yadm:

yadm clone https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles
# or if labs.phundrak.com is down or too slow for you
#yadm clone https://github.com/phundrak/dotfiles

Let’s take a look at what it does.

Decrypt private yadm files

Some private files are stored encrypted in the repository of my yadm dotfiles. I will need them later on during the bootstrap execution.

if test "$USER" = 'phundrak'
    yadm decrypt
else
    whiptail --yesno "Decrypt private files?" 8 40 && yadm decrypt
end

Get a correct keyboard layout

I use mainly the bépo layout, a French keyboard layout inspired by Dvorak layouts, however I sometimes need to switch back to the standard French AZERTY or the American QWERTY layout, so I make it so the Menu key switches for me my layout between these three. This makes it so my xorg configuration of my keyboard looks like this:

set keyboardconf \
'Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "system-keyboard"
        MatchIsKeyboard "on"
        Option "XkbLayout" "fr"
        Option "XkbModel" "pc104"
        Option "XkbVariant" "bepo_afnor"
        Option "XkbOptions" "caps:ctrl_modifier"
EndSection'

So, let’s ask the user if they want to set it as their keyboard configuration.

printf "\n# Set keyboard layout #########################################################\n\n"
whiptail --yesno "Would you like to set your keyboard layout to the bépo layout?" 8 55
if test $status -eq 0
    echo $keyboardconf | sudo tee /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf
end

Set our locale

I use two main locales, the French and US UTF-8 locales, and I like to keep the Japanese locale activated just in case.

set mylocales "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" "fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8" "ja_JP.UTF-8 UTF-8"

I’ll let the user accept them one by one.

printf "\n# Set locale ##################################################################\n\n"
for item in $mylocales
    whiptail --yesno "Set the \"$item\" locale?" 8 40
    if test $status -eq 0 -a (grep -e "#$item" /etc/locale.gen)
        sudo sed -i "/$item/s/^#//g" /etc/locale.gen
    end
end

This is my configuration I usually use when it comes to my locale.

set localeconf "LANG=en_DK.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE=C
LC_NAME=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_PAPER=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=fr_FR.UTF-8"

Let’s set it as our system’s locale if the user whishes to.

whiptail --yesno "Do you agree to have the following locale set?\n\n     $localeconf"  20 43
if test $status -eq 0
    echo $localeconf | sudo tee /etc/locale.conf
end

Now we can generate our locale!

printf "\n# Generate locale #############################################################\n\n"
sudo locale-gen

Create some folders

Let’s create some folders we might need for mounting our drives, Android devices and CDs.

printf "\n# Create directories for mounting #############################################\n\n"
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/{USB,CD,Android}
sudo chown $USER:(id -g $USER) /mnt/{USB,CD,Android}

Set user’s shell to fish

First of all, the bootstrap shell will set the user’s shell to fish.

printf "\n# Set fish as the default shell ###############################################\n\n"
whiptail --yesno "Set the current user’s default shell to fish?" 8 50
if test $status -eq 0 -a ! "$SHELL" = '/usr/bin/fish'
    chsh -s /usr/bin/fish
end

Install basic packages

Let’s set in a custom varible what packages we’ll be needing.

set PACKAGES \
acpi acpilight adobe-source-han-sans-jp-fonts arc-gtk-theme asar ascii \
aspell-en aspell-fr awesome awesome-terminal-fonts \
awesome-freedesktop-git base-devel bashtop bat biber bitwarden-bin \
bluez-firmware bluez-utils bzip2 chicken chromium clisp corrupter-git \
cppcheck cppreference cppreference-devhelp cpupower discord-canary \
discount docker docker-compose dockerfile-language-server-bin doxygen \
emacs emacs-org-mode exa exfat-utils farbfeld fd ffmpegthumbnailer \
findutils firefox flake8 flat-remix-gtk freeglut fzf gcc-libs gdb gimp \
gnome-disk-utility gnome-epub-thumbnailer gnu-free-fonts gnuplot go \
go-tools golangci-lint-bin graphviz htop hugo i3lock-color inetutils \
isync inter-font javascript-typescript-langserver js-beautify jfsutils \
jmtpfs kitty lain-git libxft-bgra linux-headers lldb logrotate meson \
minted man-db man-pages mpc mpd mpv mupdf-tools nano ncdu ncmpcpp \
nemo-fileroller nemo-preview neofetch netctl network-manager-applet \
networkmanager networkmanager-openvpn nm-connection-editor nodejs-vmd \
nomacs nordic-theme-git nordvpn-bin noto-fonts-emoji npm ntfs-3g \
numlockx obs-studio openssh otf-fandol otf-ipafont p7zip \
pacman-contrib pandoc-bin pass pavucontrol pdfpc picom \
powerline-fonts prettier pulseaudio-bluetooth python-autoflake \
python-epc python-importmagic python-language-server python-nose \
python-pip python-poetry python-ptvsd python-pytest qt5-imageformats \
qemu r raw-thumbnailer reflector ripgrep rofi rsync rtv \
ruby-rb-fsevent ruby-sass rustup samba scrot sent shadow siji-git \
simplescreenrecorder sshfs sxiv texlive-bibtexextra texlive-fontsextra \
texlive-formatsextra texlive-humanities texlive-langjapanese \
texlive-pictures texlive-pstricks texlive-publishers texlive-science \
tldr tmux tree ttf-arphic-uming ttf-baekmuk ttf-charis-sil ttf-dejavu \
ttf-google-fonts-opinionated-git ttf-hanazono ttf-joypixels ttf-koruri \
ttf-liberation ttf-monapo ttf-sazanami ttf-tibetan-machine typescript \
typescript-language-server-bin unicode-emoji unrar usbutils valgrind \
vscode-css-languageserver-bin vscode-html-languageserver-bin w3m wget \
x11-ssh-askpass xclip xdg-user-dirs-gtk xfce-polkit xidlehook xfsprogs \
xorg-drivers xorg-server xorg-xinit xss-lock xvkbd xwallpaper \
yaml-language-server-bin zeal

These are the minimum I would have in my own installation. You can edit it however you want. Let’s install those.

printf "\n# Installing needed packages ##################################################\n\n"
sudo pacman -Syu
for pkg in $PACKAGES
    paru -S --skipreview --needed $pkg
end

Tangle configuration files from Org files

Before tangling our configuration files, we need to create some directories first so our files can be properly tangled. Here’s the list of directories we need to create:

$HOME/.config/fish

$HOME/.config/gtk-2.0

$HOME/.config/gtk-3.0

$HOME/.config/ncmpcpp

$HOME/.config/neofetch

$HOME/.config/picom

$HOME/.config/yadm

$HOME/.local/bin

$HOME/.stumpwm.d

$HOME/org/capture

(mapconcat (lambda (x) (format "mkdir -p %s" (car x)))
           dirs
           "\n")

mkdir -p $HOME/.config/fish
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/gtk-2.0
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/gtk-3.0
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/ncmpcpp
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/neofetch
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/picom
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/yadm
mkdir -p $HOME/.local/bin
mkdir -p $HOME/.stumpwm.d
mkdir -p $HOME/org/capture

Our code to generate such directories looks like this:

<<gen-dirs-tangle()>>

The next step is to tangle all the Org files. Here is the list of files that are to be tangled:

filename
bin.org
emacs.org
fish.org
index.org
mpd.org
neofetch.org
picom.org
rustfmt.org
stumpwm.org
tmux.org

(mapconcat (lambda (x) (concat
                        (format "printf '\\n\\n==== Tangling %s\\n\\n' && \\\n" x)
                        (concat "emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \\'ob-tangle)' \\\n"
                                "--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \\\n"
                                (format "--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file \"~/org/config/%s\")'\n" x))))
           files
           "\n")

printf '\n\n==== Tangling bin.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/bin.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling emacs.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/emacs.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling fish.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/fish.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling index.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/index.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling mpd.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/mpd.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling neofetch.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/neofetch.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling picom.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/picom.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling rustfmt.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/rustfmt.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling stumpwm.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/stumpwm.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling tmux.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/tmux.org")'

printf "\n# Tangling org files ##########################################################\n\n"
<<generate-tangle()>>

Set up dotfiles’ git repository

Update our dotfiles’ remotes

This line in the bootstrap script will test if the current user is using my username. If yes, it’s probably me.

if test "$USER" = 'phundrak'

If it is me installing and using these dotfiles, I want the remotes of my dotfiles to be set to ssh remotes using my ssh keys.

printf "\n# Update yadm’s remotes #######################################################\n\n"
yadm remote set-url origin git@labs.phundrak.com:phundrak/dotfiles.git
yadm remote add github git@github.com:phundrak/dotfiles.git

I will also want to decrypt my encrypted files, such as said ssh keys.

printf "\n# Decrypt encrypted dotfiles ##################################################\n\n"
yadm decrypt

Finally, let’s close this if statement.

end

Update our submodules

Now we can download the various dependencies of our dotfiles. To do so, let’s run the following command:

printf "\n# Getting yadm susbmodules ####################################################\n\n"
yadm submodule update --init --recursive

Enable some services

We have installed some packages which require some services to run. Let’s enable them.

Systemd-timesyncd

This service enables time syncing with the NTP protocol, so I can be sure my computer’s time is correct. The service first needs to be enabled:

printf "\n# Enabling timesync ###########################################################\n\n"
sudo systemctl enable --now systemd-timesyncd

Now, let systemd know I want to use the NTP protocol to keep my computer’s time synced.

sudo timedatectl set-ntp true

Docker

First, let’s activate Docker on startup.

printf "\n# Enabling and starting Docker ################################################\n\n"
sudo systemctl enable --now docker

Now, if we wish it, we can be added to the docker group so we won’t have to type sudo each time we call Docker or Docker Compose.

read --prompt "echo 'Do you wish to be added to the `docker` group? (Y/n): ' " -l adddockergroup
if test $adddockergroup = 'y' || test $adddockergroup = "Y" || test $adddockergroup = ''
    sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
end

Emacs

Emacs will run as a user service, which means it won’t be launched until we log in. However, the service won’t be started immediately, I personally prefer to start a standalone instance in which installing and compiling the Emacs packages will happen, and then once that is done I will start the service.

printf "\n# Enabling Emacs as user service ##############################################\n\n"
systemctl --user enable emacs

I don’t want to activate it immediately however, since the first startup might require some interactivity with the main Emacs frame, not with emacsclient. When Emacs will be ready, its service can be started like so (command not tangled in the bootstrap):

systemctl --user start emacs

Mpd

Mpd will also use as a user service in order to get rid of some lines of code in my configuration.

printf "\n# Enabling Mpd as a user service ##############################################\n\n"
mkdir -p ~/.config/mpd/playlists
systemctl --user enable --now mpd

SSH server

Maybe we want to activate an SSH server on our machine. If so, we can enable it. Let’s ask the question.

whiptail --yesno 'Do you want to activate the ssh server?' 8 50
if test $status -eq 0
    printf "\n# Enabling ssh server #########################################################\n\n"
    sudo systemctl enable --now sshd
end

Acpilight

acpilight is our utility managing the brightness of our screen. There is actually no service to enable here, but we must ensure the user is part of the video group so we can modify the brightness of our screen without using sudo.

sudo usermod -aG video $USER

NordVPN

Thanks to the AUR package nordvpn-bin, I no longer have to manually maintain my VPN connections with OpenVPN. However, it requires a service that we should activate:

sudo systemctl enable --now nordvpnd

Let’s also set its default protocol to UDP. This will allow me to use any port while connected to any WiFi as long as the 443 port is available. Because yes, I do connect to a WiFi that blocks some important ports, such as the IMAP and SMTP ports. Thanks University of Paris 8 for being SO paranoid.

nordvpn s protocol tcp

Note that this change in protocol is only valid when using the OpenVPN technology. If we want to use the Wireguard technology through Project NordLynx, this option will no longer be available. To set NordVPN to use WireGuard, we can run this command (not tangled in the bootstrap).

nordvpn set technology NordLynx

Why WireGuard? Well, it can achieve better performances than OpenVPN with physically nearby servers, and according to this article the former can be more than half as fast as the latter. It is also much more auditable than OpenVPN (only a few thousands lines of code against some hundred of thousands). Oh, and WireGuard is part of the Linux kernel since its version 5.6. And Windows’ since August 2021, but I don’t really care about Windows.

But, WireGuard is less privacy-oriented than OpenVPN. So, if I ever need to use my VPN for privacy reasons, I can simply revert back to the OpenVPN technology like shown with this command (not tangled in the bootstrap):

nordvpn set technology OpenVPN

Finally, I want to be notified of NordVPN’s actions, and I want to be able to use IPv6.

nordvpn set notify enabled
nordvpn set ipv6 enabled

Symlink some system config files

Let’s symlink the plock script (source here) to /usr/bin so xss-lock can find it.

sudo ln -s ~/.local/bin/plock /usr/bin/plock

Install packages from git

Now, let’s install some packages from git directly.

mkdir -p ~/fromGIT

Reveal.JS

I sometimes use Reveal.JS to make presentations, and I set its location in my Emacs config to be in ~/fromGIT, so let’s clone it there.

printf "\n# Install Reveal.JS ###########################################################\n\n"
cd ~/fromGIT
git clone https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js.git

Install Rust

Install the toolchains

When using Rust, I bounce between two toolchains, the stable toolchain and the nightly toolchain, although I try to stick with Rust Stable. To install them, I will use rustup which has already been installed previously.

printf "\n# Install the rust toolchains, nightly is the default one #####################\n\n"
rustup default stable

This will both download the stable toolchain and set it as the default one. Now to install the nightly toolchain, let’s run this:

rustup toolchain install nightly

Install some utilities

We’ll need some utilities when developing Rust from Emacs, namely rustfmt and racer. Let’s install them with cargo.

printf "\n# Add rust utilities ##########################################################\n\n"
cargo install rustfmt racer

We will also need some components for development purposes.

Component	Why
rust-src	Rust documentation in Emacs
rls	LSP backend for Emacs
clippy	A better version of cargo’s `check` command

(mapconcat (lambda (x) (format "rustup component add %s" x))
           components
           "\n")

rustup component add rust-src
rustup component add rls
rustup component add clippy

Here is the code to do so:

<<rust-components-gen()>>

Set up our fish shell

The last thing we want to do is to set up our fish shell with some extensions in order to improve the user experience.

Install `fisher`

We will be using fisher as our extensions manager for Fish. Let’s install it.

printf "\n# Installing fisher ###########################################################\n\n"
curl -sL https://git.io/fisher | source && fisher install jorgebucaran/fisher

Install our extensions

I generally use the following extensions in my Fish shell.

Package name	Description
decors/fish-colored-man	Color man pages to make them more readable
franciscolourenco/done	Automatically receive notifications when a long process finishes
jethrokuan/fzf	Improved key bindings for junegunn/fzf
jorgebucaran/fish-bax	Run bash scripts, replaying environment changes in fish
jorgebucaran/fish-getopts	CLI options parser; alternative to the argparse fish builtin
laughedelic/pisces	Autoclose parentheses, braces, quotes and other paired symbols

Fish extensions managed by Fisher

(mapconcat (lambda (x) (format "fisher install %s" x))
           extensions
           "\n")

fisher install decors/fish-colored-man
fisher install franciscolourenco/done
fisher install jethrokuan/fzf
fisher install jorgebucaran/fish-bax
fisher install jorgebucaran/fish-getopts
fisher install laughedelic/pisces

printf "\n# Installing Fisher Extensions ################################################\n\n"
<<fish-extensions-gen()>>

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