#+TITLE: Arch Linux, Phundrak-flavored
#+setupfile: headers
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta name="description" content="Phundrak-flavored Arch Linux" />
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:title" content="Phundrak-flavored Arch Linux" />
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:description" content="How to install a Phundrak-flavored Arch Linux" />
#+PROPERTY: header-args :tangle no :exports none
#+PROPERTY: header-args:sh :tangle no :exports code
#+PROPERTY: header-args:fish :exports code :noweb yes
#+PROPERTY: header-args:emacs-lisp :exports none :noweb yes :tangle no :cache yes

* Introduction
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Introduction-cd5792cd
:END:
Here will be presented what I do to get my system up and running on a fresh Arch
Linux install. These installation instructions were written in order to get an
Arch Linux distribution up and running with the same configuration as my main
computer’s and my travelling laptop’s configuration.

* Install Arch Linux
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Install_Arch_Linux-ac7ad3b2
:END:
I usually install Arch from the [[https://www.archlinux.org/download/][vanilla ISO]], however I began using [[https://github.com/MatMoul/archfi][archfi]] to
install easily the distro (I’ve done it so many times, I know how it works now).
Usually, my distros will be installed on two partitions: ~/home~ and ~/~ (root).

If the computer supports EFI bootloaders, the EFI partition will be mounted on
~/boot/efi~. I generally use ~systemd-boot~ as my boot manager, but if you are
more comfortable with another one, just install what you want. Be aware that if
you format your ~/boot~ partition, you will delete all boot managers that
already exist; so, if you are dual-booting, *DO NOT FORMAT IT*. Yes, I made the
mistake of wiping the Windows boot manager when I used to dual-boot.

In order to use the ~suspend-then-hibernate~ systemd command, it is necessary to
have a swap partition at least twice the size of your installed RAM. That is
because when this command will be run, the system will try to save the current
state of your machine, stored in your RAM, to the swap filesystem. If there is
not enough space, the command will fail, and you won’t be able to use this
command. For instance, my current computer has 32GB of RAM, hence my SWAP
partition is 16GB large.

** Get the latest, fastest mirrors
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Install_Arch_Linux-Get_the_latest_fastest_mirrors-765401c9
:END:
When you boot into the live ISO, execute the following command:
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
pacman -Sy reflector
reflector -c FR -c DE -c BE -l 200 -p http -p https --sort rate \
          --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist --verbose
#+END_SRC

This will update the packages from your live ISO, and you will get the best
mirrors for your installation. Of course, change the countries accordingly to
your location. In my case, I am only interested in French, German, and Belgian
mirrors.

** Install the system
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Install_Arch_Linux-Install_the_system-3ff49aa6
:END:
Then you can use a custom script to ease your installation of Arch if you do not
wish to do it manually. Personally, I’ve done it several times already, I know
how the distro works, I just want to be able to install my distro quickly now.
I’ll need to download the script with ~wget~, but apparently it isn’t installed
by default on Arch ISOs anymore, so I’ll need to install it.
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
pacman -S wget
#+END_SRC

Now, let’s grab the script. You can check it on [[https://github.com/matmoul/archfi][Github]].
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
wget archfi.sf.net/archfi
# Or from matmoul.github.io/archfi if SourceForge is down
sh archfi
#+END_SRC

Then, follow the instructions and install Arch Linux. Take the opportunity to
install as many packages as you need, mainly ~paru~ which I use as my package
manager (it is just a wrapper for ~pacman~) and AUR helper, and ~pacman-contrib~
which will help us installing some packages later.

Once your system is installed, reboot and remove your installation media from
your computer.

* Execute bootstrap
:PROPERTIES:
:HEADER-ARGS:fish: :tangle ~/.config/yadm/bootstrap :shebang "#!/usr/bin/fish" :exports code :mkdirp yes
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-e37054ef
:END:
The first thing I will do is add the [[https://aur.chaotic.cx/][Chaotic AUR]] repository so I can
get access to ~paru~ as well as some AUR packages without the need of an
AUR helper (ironic considering ~paru~ is one). We can then install ~fish~,
~git~, and ~paru~:
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
sudo pacman -S fish git paru
#+END_SRC

And now that ~paru~ is available, we can install ~yadm~:
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
paru -S yadm
#+END_SRC

~yadm~ comes with a very handy feature: its bootstrap script. It can be executed
automatically once the dotfiles are cloned with yadm:
#+BEGIN_SRC sh
yadm clone https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles
# or if labs.phundrak.com is down or too slow for you
#yadm clone https://github.com/phundrak/dotfiles
#+END_SRC

Let’s take a look at what it does.

** Decrypt private yadm files
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Decrypt_private_yadm_files-68af7157
:END:
Some private files are stored encrypted in the repository of my yadm dotfiles. I
will need them later on during the bootstrap execution.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
if test "$USER" = 'phundrak'
    yadm decrypt
else
    whiptail --yesno "Decrypt private files?" 8 40 && yadm decrypt
end
#+END_SRC

** Get a correct keyboard layout
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Get_a_correct_keyboard_layout-77d24b30
:END:
I use mainly the [[https://bepo.fr/wiki/Accueil][bépo]] layout, a French keyboard layout inspired by Dvorak
layouts, however I sometimes need to switch back to the standard French AZERTY
or the American QWERTY layout, so I make it so the Menu key switches for me my
layout between these three. This makes it so my xorg configuration of my
keyboard looks like this:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
set keyboardconf \
'Section "InputClass"
        Identifier "system-keyboard"
        MatchIsKeyboard "on"
        Option "XkbLayout" "fr"
        Option "XkbModel" "pc104"
        Option "XkbVariant" "bepo_afnor"
        Option "XkbOptions" "caps:ctrl_modifier"
EndSection'
#+END_SRC

So, let’s ask the user if they want to set it as their keyboard configuration.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Set keyboard layout #########################################################\n\n"
whiptail --yesno "Would you like to set your keyboard layout to the bépo layout?" 8 55
if test $status -eq 0
    echo $keyboardconf | sudo tee /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf
end
#+END_SRC

** Set our locale
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_our_locale-e74d772a
:END:
I use two main locales, the French and US UTF-8 locales, and I like to keep the
Japanese locale activated just in case.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
set mylocales "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" "fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8" "ja_JP.UTF-8 UTF-8"
#+END_SRC

I’ll let the user accept them one by one.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Set locale ##################################################################\n\n"
for item in $mylocales
    whiptail --yesno "Set the \"$item\" locale?" 8 40
    if test $status -eq 0 -a (grep -e "#$item" /etc/locale.gen)
        sudo sed -i "/$item/s/^#//g" /etc/locale.gen
    end
end
#+END_SRC

This is my configuration I usually use when it comes to my locale.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
set localeconf "LANG=en_DK.UTF-8
LC_COLLATE=C
LC_NAME=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_IDENTIFICATION=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_TELEPHONE=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_MONETARY=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_PAPER=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_ADDRESS=fr_FR.UTF-8
LC_MEASUREMENT=fr_FR.UTF-8"
#+END_SRC

Let’s set it as our system’s locale if the user whishes to.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
whiptail --yesno "Do you agree to have the following locale set?\n\n     $localeconf"  20 43
if test $status -eq 0
    echo $localeconf | sudo tee /etc/locale.conf
end
#+END_SRC

Now we can generate our locale!
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Generate locale #############################################################\n\n"
sudo locale-gen
#+END_SRC

** Create some folders
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Create_some_folders-bf701387
:END:
Let’s create some folders we might need for mounting our drives, Android devices
and CDs.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Create directories for mounting #############################################\n\n"
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/{USB,CD,Android}
sudo chown $USER:(id -g $USER) /mnt/{USB,CD,Android}
#+END_SRC

** Set user’s shell to fish
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_user’s_shell_to_fish-1a794be2
:END:
First of all, the bootstrap shell will set the user’s shell to fish.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Set fish as the default shell ###############################################\n\n"
whiptail --yesno "Set the current user’s default shell to fish?" 8 50
if test $status -eq 0 -a ! "$SHELL" = '/usr/bin/fish'
    chsh -s /usr/bin/fish
end
#+END_SRC

** Install basic packages
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Install_basic_packages-17173316
:END:
Ok, let’s list all the packages that I need. First, let’s begin with
system packages.
#+name: packages-system
| Package name                | Why I need it                                                |
|-----------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------|
| acpi                        | Battery, power, and thermal readings                         |
| acpilight                   | To modify the monitors’ brightness                           |
| bluez-firmware              | Firmware for my bluetooth device                             |
| bluez-utils                 | To interact with bluez through custom tools                  |
| bzip2                       | A compression algorithm and program                          |
| cpupower                    | Examine and tune power saving related features of the CPU    |
| exfat-utils                 | Utilities for exFAT filesystems                              |
| ffmpegthumbnailer           | Create thumbnails with ffmpeg                                |
| freeglut                    | A small OpenGL library                                       |
| gcc-libs                    | Runtime libraries for GCC                                    |
| gdb                         | The GCC debugger                                             |
| gnome-disk-utility          | To manage easily my disks and partitions                     |
| gnome-epub-thumbnailer      | Thumbnailer for Epub files                                   |
| i3lock-color                | My screen locker                                             |
| corrupter-git               | A script for my script using also i3lock-color               |
| inetutils                   | Common network programs                                      |
| jfsutils                    | JFS utilities to interact with Android                       |
| jmtpfs                      | FUSE filesystem for the MTP protocol                         |
| kitty                       | My current terminal emulator, works with Xorg and Wayland    |
| logrotate                   | Rotate system logs automatically                             |
| man-pages                   | Linux man pages                                              |
| man-db                      | Read the Linux man pages                                     |
| netctl                      | Profile based systemd network management                     |
| network-manager-applet      | System tray applet for NetworkManager                        |
| networkmanager-openvpn      | Connect to OpenVPN servers with NetworkManager               |
| nm-connection-editor        | Manager NetworkManager connections                           |
| ntfs-3g                     | Utilities to access NTFS filesystems                         |
| openssh                     | SSH. Do I need to say anything more than that?               |
| pavucontrol                 | Graphical interface to PulseAudio settings                   |
| wireplumber                 | Session manager for PipeWire                                 |
| pipewire-pulse              | PipeWire replacement for ~pulseaudio~ and ~pulseaudio-bluetooth~ |
| gst-plugin-pipewire         | PipeWire plugin for GStreamer                                |
| noise-suppression-for-voice | Realtime noise suppression plugin for voice                  |
| raw-thumbnailer             | thumbnailer for RAW images                                   |
| reflector                   | Sort pacman mirrors                                          |
| shadow                      | Password & account management tools                          |
| sshfs                       | Mount remote filesystems through SSH                         |
| usbutils                    | USB utilities                                                |
| xdg-user-dirs-gtk           | Creates user dirs and asks to relocalize them                |
| xfce-polkit                 | XFCE’s policy kit                                            |
| xidlehook                   | xautolock with extra features                                |
| xfsprogs                    | Access XFS filesystems                                       |
| xorg-xinit                  | xorg init program                                            |
| xss-lock                    | Use an external program as X lock screen                     |
| xwallpaper                  | Set my Xorg session’s wallpaper                              |

For development purposes, I need the following packages:
#+name: packages-devel
| Package name                     | Why I need it                                             |
|----------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------|
| asar                             | Package needed by some Electron programs                  |
| base-devel                       | Metapackage providing lots of basic tools for development |
| clang                            | LLVM’s C/C++ compiler                                     |
| cppcheck                         | Static code analysis for C/C++                            |
| cppreference                     | The cppreference wiki offline                             |
| cppreference-devhelp             | Access cppreference through devhelp                       |
| docker                           | VMs are too heavy, get a better virtualization engine!    |
| docker-compose                   | Docker from the CLI? I prefer through a Yaml file.        |
| dockerfile-language-server-bin   | Dockerfile LSP server                                     |
| doxygen                          | A great tool for writing code documentation for C/C++     |
| emacs                            | The best +text editor+ OS, hands down                       |
| farbfeld                         | Lossless image format                                     |
| flake8                           | Code checker for python                                   |
| gnuplot                          | An awesome plotting tool                                  |
| go                               | The Go programming language                               |
| go-tools                         | Go’s tooling                                              |
| graphviz                         | Graph visualization                                       |
| hugo                             | Static website generator                                  |
| javascript-typescript-langserver | LSP server for Javascript                                 |
| js-beautify                      | Formatter for Javascript                                  |
| libxft-bgra                      | FreeType library with support for BGRA glyphs and scaling |
| linux-headers                    | Development with the Linux kernel                         |
| lldb                             | The LLVM debugger                                         |
| meson                            | Meson build system                                        |
| mupdf-tools                      | Tools for PDF and XPS viewers                             |
| nodejs-vmd                       | Markdown renderer and live previewer                      |
| npm                              | Javascript package manager                                |
| pacman-contrib                   | Create and install custom ArchLinux packages              |
| pandoc-bin                       | Convert documents of various formats into other formats   |
| prettier                         | Format various web files formats                          |
| python-autoflake                 | Remove unused imports and variables in Python             |
| python-epc                       | EPC (RPC stack for Emacs Lisp) for Python                 |
| python-importmagic               | Automatically manage imports in Python                    |
| pyright                          | Python LSP server                                         |
| python-nose                      | A discovery-based test extension for Python               |
| python-pip                       | The Python package manager                                |
| python-poetry                    | Python dependency management and packaging made easy      |
| python-ptvsd                     | Python debugger                                           |
| python-pytest                    | Python testing suite                                      |
| qemu                             | Machine emulator and virtualizer                          |
| r                                | The R programming langugae                                |
| rustup                           | The Rust toolchain installer                              |
| sbcl                             | My favorite CommonLisp implementation                     |
| typescript                       | Better Javascript                                         |
| typescript-language-server-bin   | LSP server for Typescript                                 |
| valgrind                         | Our lord and saviour when writing C code                  |
| vscode-css-languageserver-bin    | LSP server for CSS                                        |
| vscode-html-languageserver-bin   | LSP server for HTML                                       |
| yaml-language-server-bin         | LSP server for Yaml                                       |
| zeal                             | Offline documentation browser                             |

A couple of packages need to be installed to make LaTeX usable.
#+name: packages-latex
| Package name         | Why I need it                                                        |
|----------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| biber                | A BibTex replacement, for citations in papers                        |
| minted               | Syntax highlight for LaTeX                                           |
| texlive-bibtexextra  | Additional BibTeX styles and bibliography databases                  |
| texlive-fontsextra   | All sorts of extra fonts                                             |
| texlive-formatsextra | Collection of extra TeX 'formats'                                    |
| texlive-humanities   | LaTeX packages for law, linguistics, social sciences, and humanities |
| texlive-langjapanese | Fonts and macro packages to typeset Japanese texts                   |
| texlive-pictures     | Packages for drawings graphics                                       |
| texlive-pstricks     | Additional PSTricks packages                                         |
| texlive-publishers   | LaTeX classes and packages for specific publishers                   |
| texlive-science      | Typesetting for mathematics, natural and computer sciences           |

Some visual packages:
#+name: packages-font
| Package name                   | Why I need it                       |
|--------------------------------+-------------------------------------|
| adobe-source-han-sans-jp-fonts | Japanese fonts                      |
| inter-font                     | I’m not sure why I have these fonts |
| nordic-theme-git               | Nord theme for GTK                  |
| noto-fonts-emoji               | Font with emojis                    |
| otf-ipafont                    | Japanese font                       |
| picom                          | See [[file:picom.org]]                  |
| powerline-fonts                | Powerline fonts                     |
| siji-git                       | Siji font                           |
| ttf-arphic-uming               | CJK font Ming style                 |
| ttf-baekmuk                    | Korean font                         |
| ttf-charis-sil                 | API font                            |
| ttf-dejavu                     | DejaVu font                         |
| ttf-hanazono                   | Japanese kanji font                 |
| ttf-joypixels                  | Emoji font                          |
| ttf-koruri                     | Japanese Truetype font              |
| ttf-liberation                 | Liberation font                     |
| ttf-monapo                     | Japanese font                       |
| ttf-sazanami                   | Japanese fonts                      |
| ttf-unifont                    | The font I use in StumpWM           |
| ttf-tibetan-machine            | Tibetan font                        |
| unicode-emoji                  | Unicode emoji data files            |

Terminal utilities
#+name: packages-terminal
| Package name    | Why I need it                                                   |
|-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ascii           | Work with ASCII                                                 |
| aspell-en       | Aspell’s dictionary for English                                 |
| aspell-fr       | Aspell’s dictionary for French                                  |
| bat             | A better cat with syntax highlighting                           |
| bitwarden-cli   | CLI application for my password manager                         |
| bpytop          | A very beautiful htop alternative                               |
| exa             | A great ~ls~ replacement                                          |
| fd              | ~find~, but better                                                |
| findutils       | ~find~ files on the system                                        |
| fzf             | Command-line fuzzy finder                                       |
| htop            | ~top~, but better                                                 |
| isync           | Gives access to ~mbsync~ so I can check my mails                  |
| mpc             | Dead simple MPD client                                          |
| mpd             | Music Player Daemon                                             |
| mpv             | The best video player in existance                              |
| nano            | Simple text editor                                              |
| ncdu            | Graphical representation of disk usage                          |
| ncmpcpp         | TUI for MPD                                                     |
| neofetch        | System info in the terminal                                     |
| nordvpn-bin     | Connect to NordVPN on Linux                                     |
| numlockx        | Turn on the numpad in Xorg                                      |
| p7zip           | 7zip on Linux                                                   |
| pass            | The standard UNIX password manager                              |
| pdfpc           | PDF presentation tool in the console with multi-monitor support |
| ripgrep         | ~grep~ but better                                                 |
| rsync           | ~scp~ is dead, long live ~rsync~!                                   |
| scrot           | To take screenshots                                             |
| tealdeer        | ~tldr~ but faster, great cheatsheets in the terminal              |
| tmux            | Terminal multiplexer                                            |
| tree            | See files and directories as a tree                             |
| unrar           | Support for rar file format                                     |
| w3m             | Terminal web browser                                            |
| wget            | Retrieve files from the web                                     |
| x11-ssh-askpass | Passphrase dialog over SSH                                      |
| xclip           | Interact with the X11 clipboard                                 |
| yt-dlp-drop-in  | ~yt-dlp~ but it also replaces ~youtube-dl~                          |

Let’s install some desktop applications too, shall we?
#+name: packages-apps
| Package name    | Why I need it                                           |
|-----------------+---------------------------------------------------------|
| bitwarden       | Desktop application for my password manager             |
| discord         | For messaging friends                                   |
| firefox         | Because I need a good browser                           |
| gimp            | GIMP Is Mbetter than Photoshop                          |
| helvum          | Pipewire patchbay                                       |
| nemo            | One of the best graphical file managers                 |
| nemo-fileroller | Add compression options to Nemo                         |
| nemo-preview    | Quick file previewer for Nemo                           |
| obs-studio      | Simply the best screen recording and streaming software |
| rofi            | A beautiful ~dmenu~ replacement                           |

All these packages will be installed with the command ~paru -S
--skipreview --needed~ so it won’t nag me about the PKGBUILD when I
want to install something from the AUR, and if something is already
installed it paru won’t try to reinstall it.

#+name: gen-package-list
#+header: :wrap "src fish :exports none :tangle no"
#+header: :exports none
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :var packages=packages-apps[,0] varname="APPS"
(format "set %s %s"
        varname
        (mapconcat #'identity packages " \\\n"))
#+end_src

#+RESULTS[53aa8b22c675edad2d6d21c0095ff233bb5e26c4]: gen-package-list
#+begin_src fish :exports none :tangle no
set APPS bitwarden \
discord \
firefox \
gimp \
helvum \
nemo \
nemo-fileroller \
nemo-preview \
obs-studio \
rofi
#+end_src

#+name: gen-package-install
#+header: :wrap "src fish :exports none :tangle no"
#+header: :exports none
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :var varname="APPS"
(concat
 (format "%s %s %s"
         "printf \"\\n# Installing"
         varname
         "##################################################\\n\\n\"")
 "\n"
 (format "for pkg in $%s\n    paru -S --skipreview --needed $pkg\nend" varname))
#+end_src

#+RESULTS[8fc00f530b704dc6900087d5b91082e9fa1bb429]: gen-package-install
#+begin_src fish :exports none :tangle no
printf "\n# Installing APPS ##################################################\n\n"
for pkg in $APPS
    paru -S --skipreview --needed $pkg
end
#+end_src

#+begin_src fish :noweb yes
<<gen-package-list(packages=packages-system[,0],varname="SYSTEMPKG")>>

<<gen-package-install(varname="SYSTEMPKG")>>


<<gen-package-list(packages=packages-devel[,0],varname="DEVELPKG")>>

<<gen-package-install(varname="DEVELPKG")>>


<<gen-package-list(packages=packages-latex[,0],varname="LATEXPKG")>>

<<gen-package-install(varname="LATEXPKG")>>


<<gen-package-list(packages=packages-terminal[,0],varname="TERMINALPKG")>>

<<gen-package-install(varname="TERMINALPKG")>>


<<gen-package-list(packages=packages-apps[,0],varname="APPSPKG")>>

<<gen-package-install(varname="APPSPKG")>>
#+end_src

Finally, I wish to install some custom packages for which I’ve written
a ~PKGBUILD~ file myself. I store all of them in a dedicated directory
located in ~$HOME/Documents/code/PKGBUILDs~. I want to install some of
them immediately.
#+name: packages-pkgbuild
| Package Name | What it is                                                       |
|--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------|
| emacs        | My custom Emacs build, it will replace the one already installed |
| nsxiv        | The best image viewer after Emacs                                |
| pumopm-git   | My very simple battery manager                                   |
| sent         | A very simple presentation tool                                  |

#+name: gen-package-pkgbuild
#+header: :wrap "src fish :exports none"
#+header: :exports none
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :var packages=packages-pkgbuild[,0]
(let ((base-dir "~/Documents/code/PKGBUILDs"))
 (mapconcat (lambda (dir)
              (format "cd %s && makepkg -si; cd .."
                      (expand-file-name dir base-dir)))
            packages
            "\n"))
#+end_src

#+RESULTS[82db1c3f1b9c80b3c24075d1a20933be59baac47]: gen-package-pkgbuild
#+begin_src fish :exports none
cd /home/phundrak/Documents/code/PKGBUILDs/emacs && makepkg -si; cd ..
cd /home/phundrak/Documents/code/PKGBUILDs/nsxiv && makepkg -si; cd ..
cd /home/phundrak/Documents/code/PKGBUILDs/pumopm-git && makepkg -si; cd ..
cd /home/phundrak/Documents/code/PKGBUILDs/sent && makepkg -si; cd ..
#+end_src

** Tangle configuration files from Org files
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Tangle_configuration_files_from_Org_files-cc524361
:END:
Before tangling our configuration files, we need to create some directories
first so our files can be properly tangled. Here’s the list of directories we
need to create:
#+NAME: dirs-tangled-files
| $HOME/.config/fish     |
| $HOME/.config/gtk-2.0  |
| $HOME/.config/gtk-3.0  |
| $HOME/.config/ncmpcpp  |
| $HOME/.config/neofetch |
| $HOME/.config/picom    |
| $HOME/.config/yadm     |
| $HOME/.local/bin       |
| $HOME/.stumpwm.d       |
| $HOME/org/capture      |

#+NAME: gen-dirs-tangle
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var dirs=dirs-tangled-files
(mapconcat (lambda (x) (format "mkdir -p %s" (car x)))
           dirs
           "\n")
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[250efd14cab8a0f03e5520e0d0bd96aa311aa45f]: gen-dirs-tangle
#+begin_example
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/fish
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/gtk-2.0
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/gtk-3.0
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/ncmpcpp
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/neofetch
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/picom
mkdir -p $HOME/.config/yadm
mkdir -p $HOME/.local/bin
mkdir -p $HOME/.stumpwm.d
mkdir -p $HOME/org/capture
#+end_example

Our code to generate such directories looks like this:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish :noweb yes
<<gen-dirs-tangle()>>
#+END_SRC

The next step is to tangle all the Org files. Here is the list of files that are
to be tangled:
#+NAME: tangled-files
| filename     |
|--------------|
| bin.org      |
| emacs.org    |
| fish.org     |
| index.org    |
| mpd.org      |
| neofetch.org |
| picom.org    |
| rustfmt.org  |
| stumpwm.org  |
| tmux.org     |

#+NAME: generate-tangle
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var files=tangled-files[,0]
(mapconcat (lambda (x) (concat
                        (format "printf '\\n\\n==== Tangling %s\\n\\n' && \\\n" x)
                        (concat "emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \\'ob-tangle)' \\\n"
                                "--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \\\n"
                                (format "--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file \"~/org/config/%s\")'\n" x))))
           files
           "\n")
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[127dafd79461dab55296163e57fadb7b355a205a]: generate-tangle
#+begin_example
printf '\n\n==== Tangling bin.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/bin.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling emacs.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/emacs.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling fish.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/fish.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling index.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/index.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling mpd.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/mpd.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling neofetch.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/neofetch.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling picom.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/picom.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling rustfmt.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/rustfmt.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling stumpwm.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/stumpwm.org")'

printf '\n\n==== Tangling tmux.org\n\n' && \
emacs -q --batch --eval '(require \'ob-tangle)' \
--eval '(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)' \
--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file "~/org/config/tmux.org")'
#+end_example

#+BEGIN_SRC fish :noweb yes
printf "\n# Tangling org files ##########################################################\n\n"
<<generate-tangle()>>
#+END_SRC

** Set up dotfiles’ git repository
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_up_dotfiles-ab372bd9
:END:
*** Update our dotfiles’ remotes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_up_dotfiles-Update_our_dotfiles’_remotes-5a0fe6f7
:END:
This line in the bootstrap script will test if the current user is using my
username. If yes, it’s probably me.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
if test "$USER" = 'phundrak'
#+END_SRC

If it is me installing and using these dotfiles, I want the remotes of my
dotfiles to be set to ssh remotes using my ssh keys.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Update yadm’s remotes #######################################################\n\n"
yadm remote set-url origin git@labs.phundrak.com:phundrak/dotfiles.git
yadm remote add github git@github.com:phundrak/dotfiles.git
#+END_SRC

I will also want to decrypt my encrypted files, such as said ssh keys.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Decrypt encrypted dotfiles ##################################################\n\n"
yadm decrypt
#+END_SRC

Finally, let’s close this ~if~ statement.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
end
#+END_SRC

*** Update our submodules
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_up_dotfiles-Update_our_submodules-3e921579
:END:
Now we can download the various dependencies of our dotfiles. To do so, let’s
run the following command:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Getting yadm susbmodules ####################################################\n\n"
yadm submodule update --init --recursive
#+END_SRC

** Enable some services
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-3d38d98e
:END:
We have installed some packages which require some services to run. Let’s enable
them.

*** Systemd-timesyncd
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-Systemd-timesyncd-d887e45b
:END:
This service enables time syncing with the NTP protocol, so I can be sure my
computer’s time is correct. The service first needs to be enabled:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Enabling timesync ###########################################################\n\n"
sudo systemctl enable --now systemd-timesyncd
#+END_SRC

Now, let systemd know I want to use the NTP protocol to keep my computer’s time
synced.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
sudo timedatectl set-ntp true
#+END_SRC

*** Acpilight
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-Acpilight-39152794
:END:
~acpilight~ is our utility managing the brightness of our screen. There
is actually no service to enable here, but we must ensure the user is
part of the ~video~ group so we can modify the brightness of our screen
without using ~sudo~.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
sudo usermod -aG video $USER
#+END_SRC

*** Docker
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-Docker-305e8309
:END:
First, let’s activate Docker on startup.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Enabling and starting Docker ################################################\n\n"
sudo systemctl enable --now docker
#+END_SRC

Now, if we wish it, we can be added to the =docker= group so we won’t have to
type =sudo= each time we call Docker or Docker Compose.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
read --prompt "echo 'Do you wish to be added to the `docker` group? (Y/n): ' " -l adddockergroup
if test $adddockergroup = 'y' || test $adddockergroup = "Y" || test $adddockergroup = ''
    sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
end
#+END_SRC

*** Emacs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-Emacs-c7785c21
:END:
Emacs will run as a user service, which means it won’t be launched until we log
in. However, the service won’t be started immediately, I personally prefer to
start a standalone instance in which installing and compiling the Emacs packages
will happen, and then once that is done I will start the service.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Enabling Emacs as user service ##############################################\n\n"
systemctl --user enable emacs
#+END_SRC

I don’t want to activate it immediately however, since the first
startup might require some interactivity with the main Emacs frame,
not with emacsclient. When Emacs will be ready, its service can be
started like so (command not tangled in the bootstrap):
#+begin_src fish :tangle no
systemctl --user start emacs
#+end_src

*** Mpd
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-Mpd-f0f5b9b7
:END:
Mpd will also use as a user service in order to get rid of some lines of code in
my configuration.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Enabling Mpd as a user service ##############################################\n\n"
mkdir -p ~/.config/mpd/playlists
systemctl --user enable --now mpd
#+END_SRC

*** NordVPN
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-NordVPN-75c1bd88
:END:
Thanks to the AUR package ~nordvpn-bin~, I no longer have to manually maintain
my VPN connections with OpenVPN. However, it requires a service that we should
activate:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
sudo systemctl enable --now nordvpnd
#+END_SRC

Let’s also set its default protocol to UDP. This will allow me to use any port
while connected to any WiFi as long as the 443 port is available. Because yes, I
do connect to a WiFi that blocks some important ports, such as the IMAP and SMTP
ports. Thanks University of Paris 8 for being SO paranoid.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
nordvpn s protocol tcp
#+END_SRC

Note that this change in protocol is only valid when using the OpenVPN
technology. If we want to use the Wireguard technology through [[https://nordvpn.com/blog/nordlynx-protocol-wireguard/][Project
NordLynx]], this option will no longer be available. To set NordVPN to
use WireGuard, we can run this command (not tangled in the bootstrap).
#+begin_src fish :tangle no
nordvpn set technology NordLynx
#+end_src

Why WireGuard? Well, it can achieve better performances than OpenVPN
with physically nearby servers, and according to [[https://restoreprivacy.com/vpn/wireguard-vs-openvpn/][this article]] the
former can be more than half as fast as the latter. It is also much
more auditable than OpenVPN (only a few thousands lines of code
against some hundred of thousands). Oh, and WireGuard is part of the
Linux kernel since its version 5.6. And Windows’ since August 2021,
but I don’t really care about Windows.

*But*, WireGuard is less privacy-oriented than OpenVPN. So, if I ever
need to use my VPN for privacy reasons, I can simply revert back to
the OpenVPN technology like shown with this command (not tangled in
the bootstrap):
#+begin_src fish :tangle no
nordvpn set technology OpenVPN
#+end_src

Finally, I want to be notified of NordVPN’s actions, and I want to be
able to use IPv6.
#+begin_src fish
nordvpn set notify enabled
nordvpn set ipv6 enabled
#+end_src

*** PipeWire
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute-bootstrap-Enable-some-services-PipeWire-sihc11b0mdj0
:END:
PipeWire is a replacement for PulseAudio, ALSA and the likes, and it
is /*much*/ better in terms of security and performance. However, unlike
PulseAudio, Pipewire is a user service that needs to be enabled per
user.
#+begin_src fish
systemctl --user enable --now pipewire-pulse.service
#+end_src

I also installed ~noise-suppression-for-voice~ which is a plugin usable
by PipeWire to remove all noise the microphone might record save for
the voice. It is damn effective, and it can be activated as a user
service! In fact, I have in my dotfiles the service saved, so let’s
activate it right away:
#+begin_src fish
systemctl --user enable --now pipewire-input-filter-chain.service
#+end_src

Just make sure afterwards the microphone is redirected to the noise
canceling source. The same source should be your input device where
you want to use your microphone. The only downside is this is ony a
mono input, but it shouldn’t matter for most people.

*** SSH server
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Enable_some_services-SSH_server-204f5997
:END:
Maybe we want to activate an SSH server on our machine. If so, we can enable it.
Let’s ask the question.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
whiptail --yesno 'Do you want to activate the ssh server?' 8 50
if test $status -eq 0
    printf "\n# Enabling ssh server #########################################################\n\n"
    sudo systemctl enable --now sshd
end
#+END_SRC

** Symlink some system config files
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Symlink_some_system_config_files-1dd95175
:END:
Let’s symlink the ~plock~ script ([[file:bin.org::#Lock-635fcb38][source here]]) to ~/usr/bin~ so ~xss-lock~
can find it.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
sudo ln -s ~/.local/bin/plock /usr/bin/plock
#+END_SRC

** Install packages from git
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Install_packages_from_git-7c6a6ea4
:END:
Now, let’s install some packages from git directly.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
mkdir -p ~/fromGIT
#+END_SRC

*** Reveal.JS
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Install_packages_from_git-Reveal.JS-bb4da0bf
:END:
I sometimes use Reveal.JS to make presentations, and I set its
location in my [[file:emacs.org][Emacs config]] to be in =~/fromGIT=, so let’s clone it
there.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Install Reveal.JS ###########################################################\n\n"
cd ~/fromGIT
git clone https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js.git
#+END_SRC

** Install Rust
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Install_Rust-1839c4d0
:END:
*** Install the toolchains
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Install_Rust-Install_the_toolchains-3480764a
:END:
When using Rust, I bounce between two toolchains, the ~stable~ toolchain and the
~nightly~ toolchain, although I try to stick with Rust Stable. To install them,
I will use ~rustup~ which has already been installed previously.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Install the rust toolchains, nightly is the default one #####################\n\n"
rustup default stable
#+END_SRC

This will both download the stable toolchain and set it as the default one. Now
to install the nightly toolchain, let’s run this:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
rustup toolchain install nightly
#+END_SRC

*** Install some utilities
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Install_Rust-Install_some_utilities-c4a7c785
:END:
We’ll need some utilities when developing Rust from Emacs, namely ~rustfmt~ and
~racer~. Let’s install them with ~cargo~.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Add rust utilities ##########################################################\n\n"
cargo install rustfmt racer
#+END_SRC

We will also need some components for development purposes.
#+NAME: rust-components-table
| Component | Why                                       |
|-----------+-------------------------------------------|
| rust-src  | Rust documentation in Emacs               |
| rls       | LSP backend for Emacs                     |
| clippy    | A better version of cargo’s ~check~ command |

#+NAME: rust-components-gen
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var components=rust-components-table[,0]
(mapconcat (lambda (x) (format "rustup component add %s" x))
           components
           "\n")
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[b3935b1c09d86fe506b43670f52960306a1e9809]: rust-components-gen
: rustup component add rust-src
: rustup component add rls
: rustup component add clippy

Here is the code to do so:
#+BEGIN_SRC fish :noweb yes
<<rust-components-gen()>>
#+END_SRC

** Set up our fish shell
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_up_our_fish_shell-f0741c22
:END:
The last thing we want to do is to set up our fish shell with some extensions in
order to improve the user experience.

*** Install ~fisher~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_up_our_fish_shell-Install_=fisher=-3a44531b
:END:
We will be using ~fisher~ as our extensions manager for Fish. Let’s install it.
#+BEGIN_SRC fish
printf "\n# Installing fisher ###########################################################\n\n"
curl -sL https://git.io/fisher | source && fisher install jorgebucaran/fisher
#+END_SRC

*** Install our extensions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Execute_bootstrap-Set_up_our_fish_shell-Install_our_extensions-188e4566
:END:
I generally use the following extensions in my Fish shell.
#+NAME: fish-extensions-table
#+CAPTION: Fish extensions managed by Fisher
| Package name                | Description                                                      |
|-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------|
| decors/fish-colored-man     | Color man pages to make them more readable                       |
| franciscolourenco/done      | Automatically receive notifications when a long process finishes |
| jethrokuan/fzf              | Improved key bindings for [[https://github.com/junegunn/fzf][junegunn/fzf]]                           |
| jorgebucaran/fish-bax       | Run bash scripts, replaying environment changes in fish          |
| jorgebucaran/fish-getopts   | CLI options parser; alternative to the [[https://fishshell.com/docs/current/commands.html#argparse][argparse]] fish builtin     |
| laughedelic/pisces          | Autoclose parentheses, braces, quotes and other paired symbols   |

#+NAME: fish-extensions-gen
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var extensions=fish-extensions-table[,0]
(mapconcat (lambda (x) (format "fisher install %s" x))
           extensions
           "\n")
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[d424f363a3c11c8598a20da525de5ba9dcfbe7e7]: fish-extensions-gen
: fisher install decors/fish-colored-man
: fisher install franciscolourenco/done
: fisher install jethrokuan/fzf
: fisher install jorgebucaran/fish-bax
: fisher install jorgebucaran/fish-getopts
: fisher install laughedelic/pisces

#+BEGIN_SRC fish :noweb yes
printf "\n# Installing Fisher Extensions ################################################\n\n"
<<fish-extensions-gen()>>
#+END_SRC