Needs declensions
91 KiB
Dictionary
Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind:
- acc
- accusative
- adj
- adjective
- adv
- adverb
- art
- article
- aux
- auxiliary
- c
- common
- comp
- comparative
- conj
- conjunction
- Dan
- Danish
- dat
- dative
- def
- definite
- Eng
- English
- EON
- Early Old Norse
- f
- feminine
- gen
- genitive
- Ger
- German
- imp
- imperative
- in
- irregular noun
- ind
- indicative
- interr
- interrogative
- iv
- irregular verb
- m
- masculine
- mass
- mass noun
- ME
- Middle Eittlandic
- n
- neuter
- neg
- negative
- nom
- nominal
- Nor
- Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified)
- num
- numeral
- OE
- Old Eittlandic
- OI
- Old Icelandic
- ON
- Old Norse
- pas
- passive
- pl
- plural
- pn
- proper noun
- prep
- preposition
- pret
- preterite
- pron
- pronoun
- sg
- singular
- sn
- strong noun
- stg
- strong
- sv
- strong verb
- Swe
- Swedish
- wk
- weak
- wn
- weak noun
- wv
- weak verb
Note that when a word is marked solely as masculine, feminine or neutral, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as adj. should be added, for instance f.adj. for a feminine adjective.
All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects.
All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the ru part of the dat.pl. declention, going from férum to fém, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form.
Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, dag can represent three forms of the word: dagr, dag and daga (the -r and -a are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced while the other two are pronounced . They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as dagr. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as dagr in Standard Eittlandic, only as dag. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, dagr becomes dagann due to the underlying -a in its accusative form dag(a) while fiskr becomes fiskinn (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table.
A
alf
wn.m.
- power, might
Alfshringinssagat
pn.
- The Rings of Power
almen
adj.
- general, global
annar
- other, different
aug(a)
wn.n.
- eye
Alternative form: ój
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | aug | augat | aug | augatr |
Acc. | aug | augat | aug | augat |
Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum |
Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat |
Á
ábreið(a)
wn.f. , from ON ábreiða
- bed covering, cover, bedspread
- any kind of cloth used for beds
Alternative form: ébreið(a)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr |
Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit |
Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum |
Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit |
áng
interj.
- positive counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar
Alternative form: éng
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut aang and Proto-Eskimoan *aa or *ii.
B
borð
sn.n.
- table
- large plank
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr |
Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit |
Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum |
Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit |
boðorð
sn.m.
- a rule
borg
sn.f , from ON borg
- city
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn |
Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin |
Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum |
Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin |
bræð
bróð(i)
sn.m. , from ON bróðir
- brother, plural bræð
Re-analysis of ON bródir decomposed into bróð + -ir by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural bræðir which got re-analyzed into bræð + -ir.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bræðr | bræðinn |
Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bræð | bræðin |
Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bræðir | bræðinum |
Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bræðum | bræðin |
bók(a)
sn.f. , from ON bók
- book, plural bøk
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann |
Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan |
Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum |
Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan |
bøk
sn.f.
See bók
bú
wn.m.
- dweller, neighbour
C
D
dag
sn.m. , from ON dagr
- natural day
- day (unit of time), 24 hours
- í dag: today
- week day
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dagr | daginn | dagr | daginn |
Acc. | dag | dagin | dag | dagin |
Dat. | dag | dagin | dagum | daginum |
Gen. | dagar | dagins | dagar | dagin |
Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of dag ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced.
djúp
djúplig
dótt(i)
sn.f. , from ON dóttir
- daughter
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dóttr | dóttinn | dœttr | dœttinn |
Acc. | dótt | dóttin | dœtt | dœttin |
Dat. | dótt | dóttin | dœttum | dœttinum |
Gen. | dóttir | dóttins | dœttar | dœttin |
dýn(a)
wn.f. , from ON dýna
- mattress
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr |
Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat |
Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum |
Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat |
dýnsábreið(a)
dýnskláð
E
edd(a)
wn.f. , from ON edda
- great grandmother
- female ancestor, beyond the grandmother
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann |
Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan |
Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum |
Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan |
ef
adv. , from ON ef
- if, in case, in case that
Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it.
Eittland
ell(a)
, from ON ella
- (adv.) else, or, otherwise
- (conj.) or
epil
wn.n. , from ON epli
- apple
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr |
Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit |
Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum |
Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit |
eptir
prep. , from ON eptir
- after
- afterwards
- according to, based on
-
in search of, seeking for
::: tip ExampleEk em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann?
I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is?
ek em eptir konung 1s.NOM to.be.1s.PRES.IND after king kann-uð ér sagja mér hvar es han-n can-2p 2p.NOM to.tell 1s.DAT where to.be.3s.PRES.IND 3s.m-NOM
eptirdag
adv. , from eptir and dag (dative)
- tomorrow
enn
adv. , from ON enn
- yet
- still
et(a)
iv. , from ON eta
- to eat
- to consume
- to burn fuel (generally fire)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- et
- imperative
- et
- imperative passive voice
- etask
- present participle
- etand
- past participle
- etat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | etar | etir | át | etumk | |
2s | etar | etir | át | esk | |
3s | etar | etir | át | esk | |
1p | etum | etim | átum | etimk | |
2p | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | |
3p | etið | etið | átuð | etisk |
É
F
fað(i)
sn.m. , from ON faðir
- father, plural feð
Re-analysis of sg. fadir and pl. feðir as fað and feð respectively, each appended with a grammatical -r or -ir (which later got reduced to -r).
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn |
Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin |
Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum |
Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin |
far(a)
iv. , from ON fara
- to go
Declensions:
- infinitive
- far
- imperative
- far
- imperative passive voice
- farsk
- present participle
- farand
- past participle
- farit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk | |
2s | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | |
3s | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | |
1p | farum | farim | farum | farumk | |
2p | farið | farið | faruð | farask | |
3p | farið | farið | faruð | farask |
feð
sn.m.
See fað
ferð
sn.m. , from EON ferðr
- fjord, bay
fé
fisk
sn.m. , from ON fiskr
- fish
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn |
Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin |
Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum |
Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin |
Frídag
sn.m. , from EON fríadagr
- Friday, sixth day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
fylgj(a)
wv. , from ON fylgja
- to follow
- to stand with (metaphorically)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- fylgja
- imperative
- fylgja
- imperative passive voice
- fylgjask
- present participle
- fylgjand
- past participle
- fylgjat
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | |
2s | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | |
3s | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | |
1p | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | |
2p | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | |
3p | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk |
G
gauð
wn.f. , from ON gauð (a barking)
- a quarrel
- a heated debate (informal)
Alternative form: jauð
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr |
Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit |
Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum |
Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit |
gauð(a)
wv. , from Eittlandic gauð
- to have a quarrel
- to argue, have a heated debate (informal)
Alternative form: jauð
Declensions:
- infinitive
- gauð
- imperative
- gauð
- imperative passive voice
- gauðask
- present participle
- gauðand
- past participle
- gauðin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk | |
2s | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | |
3s | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | |
1p | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk | |
2p | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | |
3p | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk |
gef
sn.f. , from Early Old Norse gjef
- gift, present
Alternative form: jev
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn |
Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin |
Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum |
Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin |
gegn
ger(a)
iv. , from ON göra
- to do, to make
- to act
Unlike its English counterpart to do, the Eittlandic verb ger(a) is not a modal verb.
Declensions:
- infinitive
- ger
- imperative
- ger
- imperative passive voice
- gerask
- present participle
- gerand
- past participle
- gerð
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk | |
2s | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk | |
3s | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk | |
1p | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk | |
2p | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk | |
3p | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk |
gleym(a)
sv. , from ON gleyma
- to forget
Alternative form: gløym
Declensions:
- infinitive
- gleym
- imperative
- gleym
- imperative passive voice
- gleymsk
- present participle
- gleymand
- past participle
- gleymit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk | |
2s | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | |
3s | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | |
1p | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk | |
2p | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | |
3p | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask |
The verb gleym takes a dative instead of an accusative.
::: tip Example-
Ek gleymr opt lykillinum
ek gleym-r opt lykill-inum 1s.NOM forget-1s.PRES often key-pl.DAT.DEF. I often forget the keys
-
Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin
hann haft gleymt at far til borg-in 3s.m.NOM have.3s.PST forget.3s.PST to.DAT go.INF to city-sg.DAT.DEF He forgot to go to the city.
goð
sn.n. , from ON goð
- monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr |
Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit |
Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum |
Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit |
grað(a)
wn.n. , from Latin gradus
- degree (general)
- degree (scholar)
- degree (geometry)
- degree (temperature)
- grade (scholar)
- military rank
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr |
Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat |
Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum |
Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat |
H
hav(a)
iv. , from ON hafa
- to have
- stative auxilliary
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hav
- imperative
- hav (except 2p haft)
- imperative passive voice
- hafsk (except 1p havumsk)
- present participle
- havand
- past participle
- hafr
Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hav | hav | haft | haft |
2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir |
3s | havir | hav | haft | haft |
1p | havum | havim | haft | haft |
2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið |
3p | hav | hav | haft | haft |
Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice.
Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk |
2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk |
hávn
sn.f.
- haven, port
hávuð
in.n. , from ON hǫfuð
- head (body)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr |
Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit |
Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum |
Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit |
heils(a)
wn.f. , from ON heilsa
- health
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr |
Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat |
Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum |
Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat |
her
wn.m. , from Danish herr.
- lord
- Sir, title
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | her | herit | herr | heritr |
Acc. | her | herit | her | herit |
Dat. | her | herit | herum | heritum |
Gen. | hers | herits | hers | herit |
historja
wn.f. , from Latin historia
- history
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr |
Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat |
Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum |
Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat |
hjól
sn.n. , from ON hjól
- wheel
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr |
Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit |
Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum |
Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit |
hler(a)
sv. , from ON hlera
- to hear
- to eaves-drop (accidentaly)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hler
- imperative
- hler
- imperative passive voice
- hlerask (except 1p hlerumk)
- present participle
- hlerand
- past participle
- hlerit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk | |
2s | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | |
3s | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | |
1p | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk | |
2p | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | |
3p | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See hlust(a).
hleð
sn.n. , from EON hleða, see ON hljóð
- sound, noise, thing heard
- unintelligible speech or conversation
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr |
Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit |
Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum |
Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit |
hleð(a)
sv. , from hleð
- to make a noise
- (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hleð
- imperative
- hleð
- imperative passive voice
- hleðsk
- present participle
- hleðand
- past participle
- hleðat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk | |
2s | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | |
3s | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | |
1p | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk | |
2p | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | |
3p | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask |
hlóð
wn.n. , from ON hlóð
- hearth
- living room
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr |
Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit |
Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum |
Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit |
hlust(a)
wv. , from ON hlusta
- to listen to
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hlust
- imperative
- hlust
- imperative passive voice
- hlustask (except 1p hlustumk)
- present participle
- hlustand
- past participle
- hlustit
person | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk | |
2s | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | |
3s | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | |
1p | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk | |
2p | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | |
3p | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask |
Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following tíl if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See
::: tip Example- Han hlustr henn He’s listening to her
- Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek? Are you listening to what I am saying?
- Vér hlustum eigi We did not listen
hneis(a)
wn.f. , from ON hneisa
- shame, disgrace, fear
- reclusion (out of shame or out of fear)
- social isolation
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr |
Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat |
Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum |
Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat |
hneising
wn.n.
- hermit
- (modern) shut-in, hikikomori
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr |
Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit |
Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum |
Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit |
hnjós(a)
sv. , from ON hnjósa
- to sneeze
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hnjós
- imperative
- hnjós
- imperative passive voice
- hnjósask
- present participle
- hnjósand
- past participle
- hnjósit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk | |
2s | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | |
3s | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | |
1p | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk | |
2p | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | |
3p | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask |
hrifs
wn.n. , from ON hrifs
- assault, mugging
Alternative form: hrivs
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr |
Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit |
Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum |
Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit |
hring
sn.m. , from ON hringr
- ring
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hringr | hringinn | hringr | hringinn |
Acc. | hring | hringin | hring | hringin |
Dat. | hring | hringin | hringum | hringinum |
Gen. | hringar | hringins | hringar | hringin |
Hringarherinssagat
pn.
- The Lord of the Rings, litt. The Story of the Lord of the Ring
hug(a)
sv.
- to mind, to think
- to dwell on
- to meditate
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hug
- imperative
- hug
- imperative passive voice
- hugask
- present participle
- hugand
- past participle
- hugit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk | |
2s | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | |
3s | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | |
1p | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk | |
2p | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | |
3p | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask |
hugaleið(a)
- lead, guide spiritually or philosophically
- officiate a religious event
Declensions:
- infinitive
- hugaleið
- imperative
- hugaleið
- imperative passive voice
- hugaleiðask
- present participhugale
- hugaleiðand
- past participhugale
- hugaleiðit
person | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk | |
2s | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | |
3s | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | |
1p | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk | |
2p | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | |
3p | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk |
hús
sn.n. , from ON hús
- house
- family
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hús | húsit | hús | húsitr |
Acc. | hús | húsit | hús | húsit |
Dat. | hús | húsit | húsum | húsitum |
Gen. | hús | húsits | hús | húsit |
hvar
hvat
hver
pron. , from ON hverr
- which, who
- every, every one, each
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | hver |
Acc. | hven |
Dat. | hvem |
Gen. | hves |
When used in its every meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while hver bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns.
::: Example- Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han You’re listening to everything he/she says
- Hver át epil mín? Who / which one of you ate my apple?
hversdag
, from hver and
hví
hvíl(a)
wn.f. , from ON hvíla
- bedroom
- family bed (dated)
Alternative form: hvel(a)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr |
Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat |
Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum |
Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat |
hvílskláð(i)
hvít
adj. , from ON hvítr
- white
I
ikkí
interj.
- How cold! Brr!
From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic ikkii.
Í
J
K
kaup
wn.n. , from ON kaup
- commerce
- bargain, barter
Alternative form: kóp
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr |
Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit |
Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum |
Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit |
kann
iv.mod. , from ON kunna
- can
- to be able to
Note that, as a modal verb, kann is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods
Declensions:
- infinitive
- kann
person | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. | |
---|---|---|---|
1s | kann | kunn | |
2s | kannt | kunn | |
3s | kann | kunn | |
1p | kannum | kunnim | |
2p | kannuð | kunnið | |
3p | kann | kunn |
káppok
adj. , from Greenlandic kaappoq
- peckish, a little hungry
Alternative form: kéffok
kék
adj.
- gray (hair colour)
Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic qeeq
kláð(a)
sv. , from ON kláða
- to clothe
- to drape something
- to put cloth or clothes over something
Declensions:
- infinitive
- kláð
- imperative
- kláð
- imperative passive voice
- kláðask
- present participle
- kláðand
- past participle
- klánit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk | |
2s | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | |
3s | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | |
1p | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk | |
2p | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | |
3p | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask |
- Ek kláðr ná mik I’m dressing up
- Þú kláðt sáingin You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed
kláð(i)
wn.n. , from ON klæði
- cloth
- thing that covers
- (pl) clothes
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr |
Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit |
Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum |
Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit |
kom(a)
iv. , from ON koma
- to come
Declensions:
- infinitive
- kom
- imperative
- kom
- imperative passive voice
- komask
- present participle
- komand
- past participle
- kominn
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk | |
2s | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | |
3s | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | |
1p | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk | |
2p | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | |
3p | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk |
Konung
sn.m. , from ON konungr
- king
Alternative form: Konong
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn |
Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin |
Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum |
Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin |
konunɡliɡ
kúr(a)
sv. , from ON kúra
- to nap (not in a bed or a rekkja)
Alternative form: kor(a)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- kúr
- imperative
- kúr
- imperative passive voice
- kúrask
- present participle
- kúrand
- past participle
- kúrit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk | |
2s | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | |
3s | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | |
1p | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk | |
2p | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | |
3p | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask |
L
land
sn.n. , from ON land
- land
- country
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr |
Acc. | land | landit | land | landit |
Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum |
Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit |
Laurdag
sn.m. , from ON laugardagr
- Saturday, seventh day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
lág
sn.n.
- law, plural only
lágsman
sn.m.
- lawyer, attorney
mynd
sn.f.
- image, picture
- video
nakt
adj.
- naked
leik
- sn.f. plaything
- sn.m. game
leik(a)
sv.
- to play
leið(a)
wv. , from ON leiða
- to lead, to show the way
- to drive (large transportation vehicles)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- leið
- imperative
- leið
- imperative passive voice
- leiðask
- present participle
- leiðand
- past participle
- leiðit
person | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk | |
2s | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | |
3s | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | |
1p | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk | |
2p | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | |
3p | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk |
les(a)
sv. , from ON lesa
- to read
Declensions:
- infinitive
- les
- imperative
- les
- imperative passive voice
- lesask
- present participle
- lesand
- past participle
- lesit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk | |
2s | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | |
3s | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | |
1p | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk | |
2p | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | |
3p | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask |
list
wn.f. , from ON list
- art, craft
- skill
Sg. | Pl. | |
---|---|---|
Nom. | list | listr |
Acc. | list | list |
Dat. | list | listum |
Gen. | lists | lists |
list(i)
sn.f. , from ON listi
- list
- catalogue
líf
sn.n. , from ON líf
- life
- spirit, soul
Alternative form: lef
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr |
Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit |
Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum |
Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit |
hav líf
- to be energetic
- to be enthusiastic, positive
lífsván
- raison d’être
- life hope
- vocation, calling, mission
Alternative form: lefsvén
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn |
Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin |
Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum |
Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin |
lík(a)
, from ON líka
- (wv) to like
- (adv) like, similar to
- (adv) also
- infinitive
- lík
- imperative
- lík
- imperative passive voice
- lekask
- present participle
- lekand
- past participle
- lekit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk | |
2s | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | |
3s | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | |
1p | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk | |
2p | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | |
3p | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk |
lít(a)
sv. , from ON líta
- to look at, to behold, to see
Declensions:
- infinitive
- lít
- imperative
- lít
- imperative passive voice
- lítask
- present participle
- lítand
- past participle
- lítit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk | |
2s | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | |
3s | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | |
1p | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk | |
2p | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | |
3p | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask |
The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case.
::: tip ExampleHan lítt í húsit sín.
She looked at her house.
han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín |
3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN |
lykil
wn.m. , from ON lykill
- key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…)
- musical key
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr |
Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit |
Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum |
Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit |
M
man
in.m. , from ON maðr
- man
- person
- (colloquial) dude
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | maðr | maðinn | meðr | meðinn |
Acc. | mann | mannin | menn | mennin |
Dat. | mann | mannin | mennum | menninum |
Gen. | manns | mannins | menns | mennin |
man(u)
iv. , from ON munu
-
auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall
::: tip ExampleVér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag
We will go to the theatre tomorrow
::: -
will, shall, must
::: tip ExampleÞú man les að bókan.
You will/must read the book.
::: -
polite conditional when used in the subjunctive
::: tip ExampleEf hann mynir kom
If he comes
::: - likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood
Declensions:
- infinitive
- man
- imperative
- mun
- present participle
- munand
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | man | mynir | mynd | |
2s | man | mynir | mynd | |
3s | man | mynir | mynd | |
1p | munum | mynim | myndum | |
2p | munuð | mynið | mynduð | |
3p | munuð | mynið | mynduð |
mastergrað(a)
maðr
Nominative of man
mál(a)
wv. , from ON mæla
- to measure
- to determine a size or a quantity
- to estimate
Declensions:
- infinitive
- mæl
- imperative
- mæl
- imperative passive voice
- málask
- present participle
- máland
- past participle
- málin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | málar | málir | mált | málumk | |
2s | málar | málir | mált | málisk | |
3s | málar | málir | mált | málisk | |
1p | málum | málim | málum | málumk | |
2p | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | |
3p | málið | málið | máluð | málisk |
málskipan
mán(i)
wn.m. , from ON máni
- the moon
- a moon
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | mán | máninn | mánn | |
Acc. | mán | mánin | mán | |
Dat. | mán | mánin | mánum | |
Gen. | máns | mánins | máns |
Like sunn, the definite and plural form of mán are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, Mán tends to more often means the moon. In written Eittlandic, mán generally means a moon, while Mán generally means the (Earth’s) moon.
Mánsdag
sn.m. from ON mánadagr
- Monday, second day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
mat
sn.m. , from ON matr
- food, meat (uncountable)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn |
Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin |
Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum |
Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin |
While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat.
::: tip Example- Han lítar í matin She takes a look at the food
- Han lítar í matinum She takes a look at the different types of food
metr(o)
wn.n. , from French “métro”
- subway, underground
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr |
Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot |
Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum |
Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot |
See also undirland
með
adv.
- with
- prefix with, co-smth. See
mið
adj. , from ON miðr
- middle (physically and temporaly)
- midways
myrgun
in.m. in some dialects, from ON myrgunn
- morning, aurora
In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann |
Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan |
Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum |
Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan |
N
ná
adv. , from ON ná
-
now
::: tip ExampleNá kømar ek frá universitetit.
I come from the university now.
::: -
intensifier, used at the end of sentences
::: tip ExampleEk kømar frá universitetit ná!
- I come from the university (you know)
or
- (I’ll have you know) I come from the university!
-
progressive marker when placed right after the verb
::: tip ExampleEk kømar ná frá universitetit.
I’m coming from the university.
:::
Alternative form: né
náng
interj.
- negative counter-factual, see the questions section of the grammar
Alternative form: néng
This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut nangaa and Proto-Eskimoan *nanka, and Western Greenlandic naagga.
nei
, from ON nei
- (adv.) no
- (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret
norvegsúlf
sn.m. , from ON Noregs (genitive of ON Noregr) and ON úlfr
- wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf.
Alternative form: norvejsólv
Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler úlfr term. Noun composed by Old Norse noregs (genitive of Noregr, Norway) and úlfr.
For declensions, see úlf.
O
Ó
ó-
prefix
Equivalent of English un…, not smth
::: tip Exampleótraust
unsafe
:::ótraust
adj.
- unsafe, not trustworthy
Óðin
Óðinsdag
sn.m. , from ON óðinsdagr
- Wednesday, fourth day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
óglað
óss
sn.m. , from ON óss
- river mouth
- fjord mouth
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn |
Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin |
Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum |
Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin |
P
pengvin
pos(i)
wn.n. , probably from Greenlandic puisi
- posi, Eittlandic seal
Alternative form: pos(e)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr |
Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit |
Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum |
Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit |
R
ráð
sn.n.
- advice, counsel
ráðuneyt(i)
wn.m. , from OI ráðuneyti
- Ministry
- department
Alternative form: réðoneyt
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr |
Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit |
Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum |
Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit |
rekkja (noun)
wn.f. , from ON rekkja
- nap, siesta
- makeshift bed, napping bed
- object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed
It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers' workplaces.
This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas.
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn |
Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat |
Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum |
Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat |
rekkja (verb)
wv. , from ON
- to nap in a bed
Declensions:
- infinitive
- rekkja
- imperative
- rekkja
- imperative passive voice
- rekkjask
- present participle
- rekkjand
- past participle
- rekkjit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk | |
2s | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | |
3s | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | |
1p | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk | |
2p | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | |
3p | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk |
rekkláð
rúm
sn.n.
- room
- channel (as in an online app)
S
-smið
suffix
- -work
Forms strong masculine nouns
sag(a)
wn.f. , from ON saga
- story, tale, legend
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sag | sagat | sagar | sagatr |
Acc. | sag | sagat | sag | sagat |
Dat. | sag | sagat | sagum | sagatum |
Gen. | sags | sagats | sags | sagats |
sagj(a)
sv. , from ON sagja
- to say, to tell
- to proclaim, to declare
Declensions:
- infinitive
- sagja
- imperative
- sagja
- imperative passive voice
- sagjask
- present participle
- sagjand
- past participle
- sagjat
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk | |
2s | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | |
3s | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | |
1p | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk | |
2p | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | |
3p | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask |
samrekkja
sáing
sn.f. , from ON sæing
- bed
Alternative form: séing
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn |
Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin |
Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum |
Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin |
sáingkláð
sitj(a)
iv. , from ON sitja
- to sit
- to represent (politics)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- sit
- imperative
- sit
- imperative passive voice
- sitask
- present participle
- sitjand
- past participle
- sitit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk | |
2s | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | |
3s | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | |
1p | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk | |
2p | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | |
3p | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask |
sjá
iv. , from ON sjá
- to see
- to understand
Alternative form: sjé
Declensions:
- infinitive
- sjá
- imperative
- sjá
- imperative passive voice
- sjásk
- present participle
- sjánd
- past participle
- sját
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk | |
2s | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | |
3s | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | |
1p | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk | |
2p | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | |
3p | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk |
sjón
sn.f. , from ON sjón
- vision, sighting
- spectacle
- movie
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sjónn | sjóninn | sjónn | sjóninn |
Acc. | sjón | sjónin | sjón | sjón |
Dat. | sjón | sjónin | sjónum | sjóninum |
Gen. | sjónar | sjónins | sjónar | sjón |
skal(a)
iv. , from ON skulu
- should, might
- irrealis or dubitative modal verb
- neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood
Declensions:
- infinitive
- skal
- imperative
- skal
- present participle
- skaland
- past participle
- skalit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skal | skylir | skyldr | |
2s | skalt | skylir | skyldr | |
3s | skal | skylir | skyldr | |
1p | skulum | skylim | skyldum | |
2p | skaluð | skylið | skylduð | |
3p | skaluð | skylið | skylduð |
skilj(a)
sv. , from ON skilja
- to differenciate
- to segregate, to separate
- to understand a difference
Alternative form: skij
Declensions:
- infinitive
- skilja
- imperative
- skilja
- imperative passive voice
- skiljask
- present participle
- skiljand
- past participle
- skit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk | |
2s | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | |
3s | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | |
1p | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk | |
2p | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | |
3p | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask |
skipan
sn.f. , from ON skipan
- arrangement, order, organisation (of things)
- item box, for organising belongings
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skipanr | skipaninn | skipann | skipaninn |
Acc. | skipan | skipanin | skipan | skipanin |
Dat. | skipan | skipanin | skipanum | skipaninum |
Gen. | skipanar | skipanins | skipanar | skipanin |
skín
wn.n. , from skín(a)
- shine, shimmer
- brightness
- radiance
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | skín | skínit | skínn | skínitr |
Acc. | skín | skínit | skín | skínit |
Dat. | skín | skínit | skínum | skínitum |
Gen. | skíns | skínits | skíns | skínit |
skín(a)
sv. , from ON skína
- to shine
- to be bright (literally)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- skín
- imperative
- skín
- imperative passive voice
- skínask
- present participle
- skínand
- past participle
- skínin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínumk | |
2s | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | |
3s | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | |
1p | skínum | skínim | skínum | skínumk | |
2p | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | |
3p | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask |
skít
sn.n.
- vulgar excrement, shit
snjór
sn.m. , from ON snjór
- snow
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | snjórr | snjórinn | snjórr | snjórinn |
Acc. | snjór | snjórin | snjór | snjórin |
Dat. | snjór | snjórin | snjórum | snjórinum |
Gen. | snjórar | snjórins | snjórar | snjórin |
sov(a)
iv. , from ON sofa
- to sleep
Declensions:
- infinitive
- sov
- imperative
- sov
- imperative passive voice
- sovask
- present participle
- sovand
- past participle
- sovin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk | |
2s | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | |
3s | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | |
1p | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk | |
2p | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | |
3p | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask |
sólskin
wn.n. , from ON sólskin
- sunshine
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinitr |
Acc. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinit |
Dat. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskinum | sólskinitum |
Gen. | sólskins | sólskinits | sólskins | sólskinit |
sólskin(a)
sv. , from sólskin
- to be sunny
- to be a nice day
Declensions:
- infinitive
- sólskin
- present participle
- sólskinand
- past participle
- sólskinin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3s | sólskinar | sólskinir | sólskint | sólskinask | |
3p | sólskinið | sólskinið | sólskinuð | sólskinask |
This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl
spell
sn.n.
- speech, saying
styrsamhald(i)
sn.n. , from ON styrr (stir, battle) and samhaldi (a holding together, unity).
- military batallion
- mitilary unit, group
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr |
Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit |
Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum |
Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit |
sunn(a)
wn.f. , from ON sunna
- the sun (general usage)
- a sun (modern)
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr |
Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit |
Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum |
Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit |
The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, Sunn is the sun, while sunn is a sun.
Sunsdag
sn.m. , from ON sunnudagr
- Sunday, first day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
T
tak(a)
sv.
- to take, to seize
- to capture (figuratively)
tal(a)
Noun
wn.f. , from ON tala
- number
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr |
Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat |
Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum |
Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat |
Verb
wv. , from ON tala
-
to talk, to speak
With prepositions:
- tal til
- to talk to someone
- tal um
- to talk about
- tal eftir
- to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words
- tal á málskipan
- to speak a language
Declensions:
- infinitive
- tal
- imperative
- tal
- imperative passive voice
- talask
- present participle
- taland
- past participle
- talin
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | talar | talir | talt | talumk | |
2s | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | |
3s | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | |
1p | talum | talim | talum | talumk | |
2p | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | |
3p | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk |
tarr(a)
sv.
- to spread out
til
Tíbet
wn.n. , borrowed from Danish Tibet
- Tibet
Sg. | |
---|---|
Nom. | Tíbet |
Acc. | Tíbet |
Dat. | Tíbet |
Gen. | Tíbets |
ton
wn.m. , from Middle Low German ton
- tune, tone
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr |
Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit |
Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum |
Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit |
traust
adj.
- trusty, trustworthy, safe
tren
wn.n. , from English train
- train
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr |
Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit |
Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum |
Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit |
tung
wn.f.
- tongue
týr
in.m. , from ON týr
- god, divinity
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn |
Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin |
Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum |
Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin |
Týr
Týsdag
sn.m. , from ON týsdagr
- Tuesday, third day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.
U
um
prep. , from ON um
- around
- about
- concerning (something)
Hann es mannin um talt ek þér
He's the guy I spoke to you about
han-n | es | mann-in | um | tal-t | ek | þér |
3sm-NOM | to.be.3sg.PRES | 1s.NOM | about | 2s.DAT | speak-1s.PST | about |
undir
adj. , from ON undir
- under, underneath, below
Can only be used with accusative or dative.
::: tip ExampleBókinn er undir borðitum.
bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum |
book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N |
The book is under the table
:::undirland
universitet
wn.n. , from German Universität
- university
Alternative form: oneversetet
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr |
Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit |
Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum |
Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit |
uppá
Ú
úlf
sn.m. , from ON úlfr
- wolf-dog. See also noregsúlfr.
Alternative form: olv
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn |
Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin |
Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum |
Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin |
V
varp
sn.n. , from verp
- casting, throwing
- projection
- colloquial a movie projection
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | varp | varpit | varp | varpitr |
Acc. | varp | varpit | varp | varpit |
Dat. | varp | varpit | varpum | varpitum |
Gen. | varps | varpits | varps | varpit |
ván
sn.f. , from ON ván
- hope
- wish
Alternative form: vén
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn |
Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin |
Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum |
Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin |
ván(a)
iv. , from ON vána
- to hope
- to wish for
Uses a dative for its second argument.
Alternative form: vén(a)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- ván
- imperative
- ván
- imperative passive voice
- vánask
- present participle
- vánand
- past participle
- vánit
person | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk | |
2s | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | |
3s | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | |
1p | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk | |
2p | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | |
3p | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk |
veisheit
ver(a)
iv. , from ON vera
- to be
- active auxilliary
Declensions:
- infinitive
- ver
- imperative
- ves
- present participle
- verand
- past participle
- vest
Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1s | em | sé | vas | vár |
2s | est | sér | vast | vár |
3s | es | sé | vas | vár |
1p | er | sé | var | vár |
2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið |
3p | er | sé | var | vár |
verp(a)
sv. , from ON verpa
- to throw
- to cast (e.g. a movie)
Declensions:
- infinitive
- verp
- imperative
- verp
- imperative passive voice
- verpask
- present participle
- verpand
- past participle
- verpit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpumk | |
2s | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | |
3s | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | |
1p | verpum | verpim | verpum | verpumk | |
2p | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask | |
3p | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask |
vest
adv. , from ON vestr
- West, westward
vél
sn.f. , from ON vél
- machine, craft
Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn |
Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin |
Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum |
Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin |
vik(a)
vilja
iv. , from ON vilja
- to want, to wish
Declensions:
- infinitive
- vilja
- imperative
- vilja
- imperative passive voice
- viljask
- present participle
- viljand
- past participle
- viljit
person | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk | |
2s | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | |
3s | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | |
1p | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk | |
2p | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | |
3p | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk |
vin
sn.m.
- friend
vinbú
wn.m.
- pet
- roommate (derogatory)
vit
interj.
- question marker, see yes/no questions, probably from an inuit dialect.
Y
Ý
Z
Ø
Œ
Œgir
pn.
- A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords.
Alternative form: Œjer
Đ
Þ
Þór
Þórsdag
sn.m. , from ON þórsdagr
- Thursday, fifth day of the week
For declensions, see dag. Does not have a definite form. See the other days of the week.