#+setupfile: ../headers * Dictionary Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind: - acc :: accusative - adj :: adjective - adv :: adverb - art :: article - aux :: auxiliary - c :: common - comp :: comparative - conj :: conjunction - Dan :: Danish - dat :: dative - def :: definite - det :: determiner - Eng :: English - EON :: Early Old Norse - f :: feminine - gen :: genitive - Ger :: German - imp :: imperative - in :: irregular noun - ind :: indicative - interr :: interrogative - iv :: irregular verb - m :: masculine - mass :: mass noun - ME :: Middle Eittlandic - n :: neuter - neg :: negative - nom :: nominal - Nor :: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified) - num :: numeral - OE :: Old Eittlandic - OI :: Old Icelandic - ON :: Old Norse - pas :: passive - pl :: plural - pn :: proper noun - prep :: preposition - pret :: preterite - pron :: pronoun - sg :: singular - sn :: strong noun - stg :: strong - sv :: strong verb - Swe :: Swedish - wk :: weak - wn :: weak noun - wv :: weak verb Note that when a word is marked solely as /masculine/, /feminine/ or /neutral/, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as /adj./ should be added, for instance /f.adj./ for a feminine adjective. All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects. All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the /ru/ part of the dat.pl. declention, going from /férum/ to /fém/, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form. Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, /dag/ can represent three forms of the word: /dagr/, /dag/ and /daga/ (the /-r/ and /-a/ are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced {{{phon(daɣ)}}} while the other two are pronounced {{{phon(daj)}}}. They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as /dagr/. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as /dagr/ in Standard Eittlandic, only as /dag/. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, /dagr/ becomes /dagann/ due to the underlying /-a/ in its accusative form /dag(a)/ while /fiskr/ becomes /fiskinn/ (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table. ** A *** af(i) wn.m. {{{phon(af)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#afi][afi]] 1. grand-father 2. old, elderly man | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | af | afit | afr | afitr | | Acc. | af | afit | af | afit | | Dat. | af | afit | afum | afitum | | Gen. | afs | afits | afs | afit | *** alf wn.m. {{{phon(ɑlf)}}} 1. power, might | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | alf | alfit | alfr | alfitr | | Acc. | alf | alfit | alf | alfit | | Dat. | alf | alfit | alfum | alfitum | | Gen. | alfs | alfits | alfs | alfit | *** all {{{phon(ɑlː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#allr-A][allr]] 1. indef.pron. all, everyone, everything 2. adj. 1. all, whole or entire entity #+html: ::: tip Example Allt húsit er litit. The house is completely painted. | all-t | hús-it | er | lit-it | | all-sg.n.NOM | house.NOM-DEF | to.be.3sg.pres | to.paint-part.adj.sg.n.NOM | #+html: ::: 2. all, complete group or set #+html: ::: tip Example Allar bátinn er í hávnin. All the boats are in the harbour. #+html: ::: 3. all, full extent or duration #+html: ::: tip Example - Allar daginn var sólskinn. All the days were sunny. - Allr daginn er varmr ná! The whole day is warm, isn’t it? 4. all, quite, entirely, completely #+html: ::: tip Example Svá er allt góðt! It’s all good / alright! #+html: ::: | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | allr | allt | | Acc. | all | allt | | Dat. | allum | allum | | Gen. | alls | alls | | Pl.Nom. | allar | all | | Acc. | all | all | | Dat. | allum | allum | | Gen. | allar | allr | *** Alfshringinssagat pn. {{{phon(ˈɑlfsˌr̥iŋinsˌsɑjɑt)}}} 1. The Rings of Power *** almen adj. {{{phon(ɑlmen)}}} 1. general, global | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | almenn | almenar | | Acc. | almenum | almenum | | Dat. | almen | almen | | Gen. | almen | almenar | | Pl.Nom. | almens | almens | | Acc. | almenum | almenum | | Dat. | alment | almen | | Gen. | alment | almenn | *** annaman sn.n. {{{phon(ˈɑnːɑˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#annar][annar]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. someone else | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanitr | | Acc. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanit | | Dat. | annaman | annamanit | annamanum | annamanitum | | Gen. | annamans | annamanits | annamans | annamanit | *** annar {{{phon(ɑnːɑr)}}} 1. other, different *** amm(a) wn.f. {{{phon(amː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#amma][amma]] 1. grand-mother, granny 2. old, elderly woman | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | amm | ammat | amm | ammatr | | Acc. | amm | ammat | amm | ammat | | Dat. | amm | ammat | ammum | ammatum | | Gen. | amms | ammats | amms | ammat | *** aptr adv., prep. {{{phon(ɑɸtr̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#aptr-I][aptr]] 1. behind, in or to the rear of, at the back of #+html: ::: tip Example Hann standt aptr húsit He stood behind the house #+html: ::: 2. after in time or sequence #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kœmt hér aptr þér I came here after you #+html: ::: 3. supporting or backing someone or something #+html: ::: tip Example Ek standar aptr þér I stand behind you, i.e. I support you #+html: ::: 4. lagging or falling behind in progress or development #+html: ::: tip Example Hann er aptr í nem He is behind his studies #+html: ::: *** aug(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ɔ̀j)}}} 1. eye Alternative form: *ój* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | aug | augat | aug | augatr | | Acc. | aug | augat | aug | augat | | Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum | | Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat | *** automobil wn.n. {{{phon(ˈɔtoˌmobel)}}}, from Ancient Greek [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek][αὐτός]] and Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mobilis#Latin][mōbilis]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] 1. car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used See [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] for declensions. ** Á *** á sn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A13][á]] 1. river | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | ár | ánn | ár | ánn | | Acc. | á | án | á | án | | Dat. | á | án | áum | ánum | | Gen. | ár | áns | ár | án | *** ábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]] 1. bed covering, cover, bedspread 2. any kind of cloth used for beds Alternative form: *ébreið(a)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr | | Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit | | Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum | | Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit | *** áng interj. {{{phon(ɛŋ)}}} 1. positive counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar Alternative form: *éng* This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut /aang/ and Proto-Eskimoan /*aa/ or /*ii/. *** ást sn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀ʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1st][ást]] 1. love, affection | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ástr | ástinn | ástr | ástinn | | Acc. | ást | ástin | ást | ástin | | Dat. | ást | ástin | ástum | ástinum | | Gen. | ástar | ástins | ástar | ástin | *** áð adv. {{{phon(ɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1%C3%B0r][áðr]] 1. before, temporal precedence or higher priority ** B *** barn sn.n. {{{phon(barn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#barn][barn]] 1. child | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | barn | barnit | barn | barnitr | | Acc. | barn | barnit | barn | barnit | | Dat. | barn | barnit | barnum | barnitum | | Gen. | barns | barnits | barns | barnit | *** bát sn.m. {{{phon(bɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%A1tr][bátr]] 1. boat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bátr | bátinn | bátr | bátinn | | Acc. | bát | bátin | bát | bátin | | Dat. | bát | bátin | bátum | bátinum | | Gen. | bátar | bátins | bátar | bátin | *** ber(a) sv. {{{phon(ber)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bera3-A][bera]] 1. to transport or convey something from one place to another 2. to hold and move something Declensions: - infinitive :: ber - imperative :: ber - imperative passive voice :: berask - present participle :: berand - past participle :: berit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | berar | berir | bert | berumk | | 2s | | berar | berir | bert | bersk | | 3s | | berar | berir | bert | berask | | 1p | | berum | berim | berum | berumk | | 2p | | berið | berið | beruð | berask | | 3p | | berið | berið | beruð | berask | *** bil wn.n. {{{phon(βil)}}}, shortened from of [[file:./dictionary.md#automobil][automobil]] 1. car (motorcar, automobile) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bil | bilit | bill | bilitr | | Acc. | bil | bilit | bil | bilit | | Dat. | bil | bilit | bilum | bilitum | | Gen. | bils | bilits | bils | bilit | *** bjálf(i) wn.m. {{{phon(βjɛ̀lf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bj%C3%A1lfi][bjálfi]] 1. skin, fur (animals) 2. skin (human’s, colloquial) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfr | bjálfitr | | Acc. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálf | bjálfit | | Dat. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfum | bjálfitum | | Gen. | bjálfs | bjálfits | bjálfs | bjálfit | *** blá adj. {{{phon(blɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bl%C3%A1r][blár]] 1. blue 2. cold (colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | blár | blát | | Acc. | blá | blát | | Dat. | blámum | blámum | | Gen. | blás | blás | | Pl.Nom. | blárar | blá | | Acc. | blá | blá | | Dat. | blámum | blámum | | Gen. | blárar | blár | *** bleik adj. {{{phon(blɑɪk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bleikr][bleikr]] 1. pinkish yellow 2. warm (colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | bleikr | bleikar | | Acc. | bleikum | bleikum | | Dat. | bleik | bleik | | Gen. | bleik | bleikar | | Pl.Nom. | bleiks | bleiks | | Acc. | bleikum | bleikum | | Dat. | bleikt | bleik | | Gen. | bleikt | bleikr | *** borð sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}} 1. table 2. large plank | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr | | Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit | | Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum | | Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit | *** boðorð sn.m. {{{phon(boðorð)}}} 1. a rule | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | boðorðr | boðorðinn | boðorðr | boðorðinn | | Acc. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorð | boðorðin | | Dat. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorðum | boðorðinum | | Gen. | boðorðar | boðorðins | boðorðar | boðorðin | *** boðorðsman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈboðorðˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#boðorð][boðorð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. judge | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+---------------+--------------+----------------| | Nom. | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | | Acc. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | | Dat. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsmanum | boðorðsmaninum | | Gen. | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanins | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanin | *** borg sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]] 1. city | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn | | Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin | | Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum | | Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin | *** bráð sn.m. {{{phon(brɛð)}}} Alternative form: *bréð* See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]] *** bróð(i) sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]] 1. brother, plural /bráð/ Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bráðir/ which got re-analyzed into /bráð/ + /-ir/. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bráðr | bráðinn | | Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bráð | bráðin | | Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bráðir | bráðinum | | Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bráðum | bráðin | *** brún adj. {{{phon(bròn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%BAnn][brúnn]] 1. brown, dark red | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | brúnn | brúnt | | Acc. | brún | brúnt | | Dat. | brúnum | brúnum | | Gen. | brúns | brúns | | Pl.Nom. | brúnar | brún | | Acc. | brún | brún | | Dat. | brúnum | brúnum | | Gen. | brúnar | brúnn | *** bók(a) sn.f. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]] 1. book, plural /bøk/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann | | Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan | | Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum | | Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan | *** bøk sn.f. {{{phon(bø̀k)}}} See [[file:dictionary.md#bok(r)][/bók/]] *** bú wn.m. {{{phon(bò)}}} 1. dweller 2. general meaning of /neighbour/, can also mean someone living in the neighbourhood or in the same general area See also [[file:./dictionary.md#grann-i][grann(i)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#nagrann-i][nágrann(i)]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | bú | búit | búr | búitr | | Acc. | bú | búit | bú | búit | | Dat. | bú | búit | búum | búitum | | Gen. | bús | búits | bús | búit | ** C ** D *** dag sn.m. {{{phon(daɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dagr][dagr]] 1. natural day 2. day (unit of time), 24 hours 3. í dag: today 4. week day | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dagr {{{phon(daɡr̩)}}} | daginn | dagr | daginn | | Acc. | dag {{{phon(daɣ)}}} | dagin | dag | dagin | | Dat. | dag {{{phon(daj)}}} | dagin | dagum | daginum | | Gen. | dagar {{{phon(dajar)}}} | dagins | dagar | dagin | Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of /dag/ ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced. *** dá- prefix {{{phon(ˌdɛ̀)}}}, unknown etymology 1. adjective intensifier, /dáX/ is /very X/ *** djúp adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr][djúpr]] 1. deep 2. profound (figuratively) Alternative form: *djóp* | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | djúpr | djúpt | | Acc. | djúp | djúpt | | Dat. | djúpum | djúpum | | Gen. | djúps | djúps | | Pl.Nom. | djúpar | djúp | | Acc. | djúp | djúp | | Dat. | djúpum | djúpum | | Gen. | djúpar | djúpr | *** djúplig adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]]) 1. deeply 2. inherently Alternative form: *djópleg* *** dótt(u) sn.f. {{{phon(dɔ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]] 1. daughter See also [[file:./dictionary.md#panig][panig]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | dóttr | dóttunn | dóttr | dóttunn | | Acc. | dótt | dóttun | dótt | dóttun | | Dat. | dótt | dóttun | dóttum | dóttunum | | Gen. | dóttur | dóttuns | dóttur | dóttun | *** dyr sn.f. {{{phon(dyr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dyrr][dyrr]] 1. door | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dyrr | dyrinn | dyrr | dyrinn | | Acc. | dyr | dyrin | dyr | dyrin | | Dat. | dyr | dyrin | dyrum | dyrinum | | Gen. | dyrar | dyrins | dyrar | dyrin | *** dýn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDna][dýna]] 1. mattress | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr | | Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat | | Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum | | Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat | *** dýnsábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀nsɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] 1. blanket Alternative form: *dønsébreið(a)* See [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] for declensions. *** dýnskláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈdø̀nsˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]]. 1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes” Alternative form: *dǿnskléð* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions. *** dœtt(i) sn.f. {{{phon(dœ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]] Plural of [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-i][dótt(i)]]. ** E *** edd(a) wn.f. {{{phon(e:ðː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#edda][edda]] 1. great grandmother 2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann | | Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan | | Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum | | Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan | *** ef adv. {{{phon(ef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ef-B][ef]] 1. if, in case, in case that Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it. *** ei Regional variation of [[file:./dictionary.md#eig][eig]]. *** eig adv. {{{phon(ɑɪɣ)}}}, in some regions {{{phon(ɑɪ)}}} and written /ei/, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eigi][eigi]] 1. not, negative marker of a verb *** ein(n) {{{phon(ɑɪn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]] 1. num. 1. one (cardinal) 2. adj. 1. alone 2. single 3. pronoun. 1. one 2. a few, some (plural) #+name: ein-declensions-pronoun #+caption: Declension of /ein/ as a pronoun | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | einn | eininn | einn | eininn | | Acc. | ein | einin | ein | einin | | Dat. | ein | einin | einum | eininum | | Gen. | einar | einins | einar | einin | #+name: ein-declension-adj #+caption: Declension of /ein/ as an adjective | / | | | | | | | Common | Neuter | |---+---------+--------+--------| | | Sg.Nom. | einn | eitt | | | Acc. | ein | eitt | | | Dat. | einum | eitum | | | Gen. | eins | eits | | | Pl.Nom. | einar | eit | | | Acc. | ein | eit | | | Dat. | einum | eitum | | | Gen. | einar | eitr | *** einnig adv. {{{phon(ɑinːiɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einnig][einnig]] 1. also, too Something is in addition to something that hwas already been said 2. likewise, similarly Something is the same or similar to something that has already been said #+html: ::: tip Example Ek málar Fransk, ok hann einnig I speak French, and so does he. #+html: ::: 3. moreover, furthermore Introduce new but related information *** Eittland sn.n. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#land][land]] 1. High Kingdom of Eittland 2. island of Eittland | | Sg. | |------+-----------| | Nom. | Eittland | | Acc. | Eittland | | Dat. | Eittland | | Gen. | Eittlands | *** ekt(a) {{{phon(ekt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ektar-][ektar-]] 1. adj. wedded 2. wn.n. spouse 3. wv. to marry | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | ektr | ektt | | Acc. | ekt | ektt | | Dat. | ektum | ektum | | Gen. | ekts | ekts | | Pl.Nom. | ektar | ekt | | Acc. | ekt | ekt | | Dat. | ektum | ektum | | Gen. | ektar | ektr | | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ekt | ektat | ektr | ektatr | | Acc. | ekt | ektat | ekt | ektat | | Dat. | ekt | ektat | ektum | ektatum | | Gen. | ekts | ektats | ekts | ektat | Declensions: - infinitive :: ekt - imperative :: ekt - imperative passive voice :: ektask - present participle :: ektand - past participle :: ektit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | ektar | ektir | ekt | ektumk | | 2s | | ektar | ektir | ekt | ekttisk | | 3s | | ektar | ektir | ekt | ekttisk | | 1p | | ektum | ektim | ektum | ektumk | | 2p | | ektið | ektið | ektuð | ekttisk | | 3p | | ektið | ektið | ektuð | ekttisk | *** ektakon(a) sn.f. {{{phon(ˈekt.a.ˌkon)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ekt-a][ekt(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#kon-a][kon(a)]] 1. wife For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#kon-a][kon(a)]] *** ektaman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈekt.a.ˌman)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ekt-a][ekt(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. husband For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] *** eld sn.m. {{{phon(eld)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eldr2][eldr]] 1. fire, the phenomenon of combustion characterised by the emission of heat and light 2. passion, intensity, driving force, strong emotion or enthusiasm; intense feeling or desire; a powerful and motivating force #+html: ::: tip Example Hann havir eld fyrir verkit hennum He has great passion for his project #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | eldr | eldinn | eldr | eldinn | | Acc. | eld | eldin | eld | eldin | | Dat. | eld | eldin | eldum | eldinum | | Gen. | eldar | eldins | eldar | eldin | *** ell(a) {{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#eð][eð]] 1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise 2. (conj.) or *** en conj. {{{phon(en)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#en2][en]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#nem][nem]] 1. yet, still 2. but (general purpose, links phrases as in English) *** eng(i) det. {{{phon(eŋ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ein-n][ein(n)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#i-g][-(i)g]] 1. no, not any 2. any (after negative or comparative) For the indefinite pronoun usage, see [[file:grammar.md#indefinite-pronouns][Indefinite pronouns (grammar)]] #+name: Declension of eng(i) #+caption: eng-declension | / | | < | | | | | Common | Neuter | |---+---------+--------+--------| | | Sg.Nom. | eng | ekk | | | Acc. | eng | ekk | | | Dat. | engum | eng | | | Gen. | engrar | enks | | | Pl.Nom. | engar | eng | | | Acc. | eng | eng | | | Dat. | engum | engum | | | Gen. | engr | engr | *** engin indef.pron. {{{phon(eŋen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eingi][enginn]] 1. no one, none | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | enginn | ekkert | | Acc. | engin | ekkert | | Dat. | engum | eng | | Gen. | engrar | engrar | | Pl.Nom. | engar | engin | | Acc. | engar | engin | | Dat. | engum | engum | | Gen. | engar | engar | *** epil wn.n. {{{phon(ˈepel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#epli][epli]] 1. apple | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr | | Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit | | Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum | | Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit | *** eptir prep. {{{phon(eɸter)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eptir][eptir]] 1. after 2. afterwards 3. according to, based on 4. in search of, seeking for #+html: ::: tip Example Ek em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann? I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is? | ek | em | eptir | konung | | 1s.NOM | to.be.1s.PRES.IND | after | king | | kann-uð | ér | sagja | mér | hvar | es | han-n | | can-2p | 2p.NOM | to.tell | 1s.DAT | where | to.be.3s.PRES.IND | 3s.m-NOM | #+html: ::: *** eptirdag adv. {{{phon(eɸterdɑj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#eptir][eptir]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag (dative)]] 1. tomorrow *** enn adv. {{{phon(enː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#enn5][enn]] 1. yet 2. still *** et(a) iv. {{{phon(et)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eta][eta]] 1. to eat 2. to consume 3. to burn fuel (generally fire) Declensions: - infinitive :: et - imperative :: et - imperative passive voice :: etask - present participle :: etand - past participle :: etat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | etar | etir | át | etumk | | 2s | | etar | etir | át | esk | | 3s | | etar | etir | át | esk | | 1p | | etum | etim | átum | etimk | | 2p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | | 3p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | *** eð conj. {{{phon(eð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#e%C3%B0r][eða]] Dialectal variety of [[file:./dictionary.md#ell-a][ell(a)]] ** É ** F *** fað(i) sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][faðir]] 1. father, plural /feð/ Re-analysis of sg. /faðir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively, each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to /-r/). | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn | | Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin | | Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum | | Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin | *** far(a) iv. {{{phon(far)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]] 1. to go, to travel Declensions: - infinitive :: far - imperative :: far - imperative passive voice :: farsk - present participle :: farand - past participle :: farit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk | | 2s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | | 3s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | | 1p | | farum | farim | farum | farumk | | 2p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask | | 3p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask | *** fár adj. and indef.pron. {{{phon(fɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A1r3][fár]] 1. few, in small numbers The pronoun is usually in its plural form while the singular form is reserved for the adjective. | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | fárr | fárt | | Acc. | fár | fárt | | Dat. | fárum | fárum | | Gen. | fárs | fárs | | Pl.Nom. | fárar | fár | | Acc. | fár | fár | | Dat. | fárum | fárum | | Gen. | fárar | fárr | *** feð sn.m. {{{phon(feð)}}} See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]] *** ferð sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]] 1. fjord, bay | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | ferðr | ferðinn | ferðr | ferðinn | | Acc. | ferð | ferðin | ferð | ferðin | | Dat. | ferð | ferðin | ferðum | ferðinum | | Gen. | ferðar | ferðins | ferðar | ferðin | *** fé in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]] 1. wealth | | Singular | Plural | |------+----------+--------| | Nom. | fé | fé | | Acc. | fé | fé | | Dat. | fé | fém | | Gen. | fés | fés | *** fisk sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr]] 1. fish | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn | | Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin | | Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum | | Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin | *** fjall sn.n. {{{phon(fjɑlː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fjall][fjall]] 1. mountain | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallitr | | Acc. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallit | | Dat. | fjall | fjallit | fjallum | fjallitum | | Gen. | fjalls | fjallits | fjalls | fjallit | *** flekk sn.m. {{{phon(flek)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flekkr][flekkr]] 1. spot, e.g. of colour | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | flekkr | flekkinn | flekkr | flekkinn | | Acc. | flekk | flekkin | flekk | flekkin | | Dat. | flekk | flekkin | flekkum | flekkinum | | Gen. | flekkar | flekkins | flekkar | flekkin | *** foreld sn.m. {{{phon(ˈfor.eld)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#forellri][foreldri]] 1. parent | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | foreldr | foreldinn | foreldr | foreldinn | | Acc. | foreld | foreldin | foreld | foreldin | | Dat. | foreld | foreldin | foreldum | foreldinum | | Gen. | foreldir | foreldins | foreldir | foreldin | *** Frídag sn.m. {{{phon(frèdaɣ)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#frj%C3%A1dagr][fríadagr]] 1. Friday, sixth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** fogl sn.m. {{{phon(fogl̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fugl][fugl]] 1. bird | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | fugl | fuglinn | fugl | fuglinn | | Acc. | fugl | fuglin | fugl | fuglin | | Dat. | fugl | fuglin | fuglum | fuglinum | | Gen. | fuglar | fuglins | fuglar | fuglin | *** fylgj(a) wv. {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fylgja2][fylgja]] 1. to follow 2. to stand with (metaphorically) Declensions: - infinitive :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}} - imperative :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}} - imperative passive voice :: fylgjask - present participle :: fylgjand - past participle :: fylgjat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | | 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | | 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | | 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | | 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | | 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | ** G *** gamal adj. {{{phon(ˈjɑmɑl)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gamall-I][gamall]] 1. old, ancient 2. old (age) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | gamall | gamalar | | Acc. | gamalum | gamalum | | Dat. | gamal | gamal | | Gen. | gamal | gamalar | | Pl.Nom. | gamals | gamals | | Acc. | gamalum | gamalum | | Dat. | gamalt | gamal | | Gen. | gamalt | gamall | *** gauð wn.f. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/) 1. a quarrel 2. a heated debate /(informal)/ Alternative form: *jauð* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr | | Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit | | Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum | | Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit | *** gauð(a) wv. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from Eittlandic [[file:./dictionary.md#gauð][gauð]] 1. to have a quarrel 2. to argue, have a heated debate /(informal)/ Alternative form: *jauð* Declensions: - infinitive :: gauð - imperative :: gauð - imperative passive voice :: gauðask - present participle :: gauðand - past participle :: gauðin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk | | 2s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | | 3s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | | 1p | | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk | | 2p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | | 3p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | *** gef sn.f. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gjef]] 1. gift, present Alternative form: *jev* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn | | Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin | | Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum | | Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin | *** gegn adv. {{{phon(jeɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegn#Old_Norse][gegn]] 1. against, opposing Alternative form: *jegn* *** geit sn.f. {{{phon(jɑɪt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#geit][geit]] 1. she-goat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | geitr | geitinn | geitr | geitinn | | Acc. | geit | geitin | geit | geitin | | Dat. | geit | geitin | geitum | geitinum | | Gen. | geitar | geitins | geitar | geitin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#haf][haf]] *** ger(a) iv. {{{phon(jer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B6ra][göra]] 1. to do, to make 2. to act Unlike its English counterpart /to do/, the Eittlandic verb /ger(a)/ is not a modal verb. Declensions: - infinitive :: ger - imperative :: ger - imperative passive voice :: gerask - present participle :: gerand - past participle :: gerð | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk | | 2s | | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk | | 3s | | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk | | 1p | | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk | | 2p | | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk | | 3p | | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk | *** gleym(a) sv. {{{phon(ɡløʏm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gleyma][gleyma]] 1. to forget Alternative form: *gløym* Declensions: - infinitive :: gleym - imperative :: gleym - imperative passive voice :: gleymsk - present participle :: gleymand - past participle :: gleymit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk | | 2s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | | 3s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | | 1p | | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk | | 2p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | | 3p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | The verb /gleym/ takes a dative instead of an accusative. #+html: ::: tip Example 1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum | ek | gleym-r | opt | lykill-inum | | 1s.NOM | forget-1s.PRES | often | key-pl.DAT.DEF. | I often forget the keys 2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin | hann | haft | gleymt | at | far | til | borg-in | | 3s.m.NOM | have.3s.PST | forget.3s.PST | to.DAT | go.INF | to | city-sg.DAT.DEF | He forgot to go to the city. #+html: ::: *** goð sn.n. {{{phon(joð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#go%C3%B0-A-IV-2][goð]] 1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr | | Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit | | Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum | | Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit | *** góð adj. {{{phon(jɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B3%C3%B0r-1][góðr]] 1. good | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | góðr | góðt | | Acc. | góð | góðt | | Dat. | góðum | góðum | | Gen. | góðs | góðs | | Pl.Nom. | góðar | góð | | Acc. | góð | góð | | Dat. | góðum | góðum | | Gen. | góðar | góðr | *** grað(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ɡrað)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus#Latin][gradus]] 1. degree (general) 2. degree (scholar) 3. degree (geometry) 4. degree (temperature) 5. grade (scholar) 6. military rank | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr | | Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat | | Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum | | Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat | *** grann(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ɡrɑnː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#granni][granni]] 1. neighbour, someone who lives nearby See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]] *** grá adj. {{{phon(ɡrɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A1r][grár]] 1. grey, silver (colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | grár | grát | | Acc. | grá | grát | | Dat. | grámum | grámum | | Gen. | grás | grás | | Pl.Nom. | grárar | grá | | Acc. | grá | grá | | Dat. | grámum | grámum | | Gen. | grárar | grár | *** grœn adj. {{{phon(ɡrœn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A6nn][grǿnn]] 1. green 2. fresh 3. hopeful, good, happy 4. sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory) #+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as an adjective #+caption: groen-adj-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | grœnn | grœnt | | Acc. | grœn | grœnt | | Dat. | grœnum | grœnum | | Gen. | grœns | grœns | | Pl.Nom. | grœnar | grœn | | Acc. | grœn | grœn | | Dat. | grœnum | grœnum | | Gen. | grœnar | grœnn | #+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as a noun #+caption: groen-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | grœnn | grœninn | grœnn | grœninn | | Acc. | grœn | grœnin | grœn | grœnin | | Dat. | grœn | grœnin | grœnum | grœninum | | Gen. | grœnar | grœnins | grœnar | grœnin | *** gul {{{phon(jul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gull][gull]] 1. sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only) 2. sn.n. jewelry (countable) 3. adj. golden, yellow #+name: Declension of /gul/ as an adjective #+caption: gul-adjective-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | gull | gult | | Acc. | gul | gult | | Dat. | gulum | gulum | | Gen. | guls | guls | | Pl.Nom. | gular | gul | | Acc. | gul | gul | | Dat. | gulum | gulum | | Gen. | gular | gull | #+name: Declensions of /gul/ as a noun #+caption: gul-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | gul | gulit | gul | gulitr | | Acc. | gul | gulit | gul | gulit | | Dat. | gul | gulit | gulum | gulitum | | Gen. | guls | gulits | guls | gulit | ** H *** haf sn.m. {{{phon(hɑf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hafr][hafr]] 1. he-goat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | hafr | hafinn | hafr | hafinn | | Acc. | haf | hafin | haf | hafin | | Dat. | haf | hafin | hafum | hafinum | | Gen. | hafar | hafins | hafar | hafin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#geit][geit]] *** han wn.m. {{{phon(hɑn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hani][hani]] 1. a rooster, a cock (animal only) 2. someone who is excessively proud, boastful, or self-important; a person who likes to show off or brag 3. a representation of vigilance, alertness, or watchfulness; a symbol of being on guard or assertive 4. (slightly dated) a representation of masculinity, virility, or male strength; a symbol of male dominance or prowess; used negatively by most native speakers that are not elderly 5. (dated) someone who is a leader or a dominant figure in a group; a person who likes being in charge of and guiding others | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | han | hanit | hanr | hanitr | | Acc. | han | hanit | han | hanit | | Dat. | han | hanit | hanum | hanitum | | Gen. | hans | hanits | hans | hanit | *** hav(a) iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]] 1. to have 2. stative auxilliary Declensions: - infinitive :: hav - imperative :: hav (except 2p /haft/) - imperative passive voice :: hafsk (except 1p /havumsk/) - present participle :: havand - past participle :: hafr | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------| | 1s | hav | hav | haft | haft | | 2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir | | 3s | havir | hav | haft | haft | | 1p | havum | havim | haft | haft | | 2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið | | 3p | hav | hav | haft | haft | Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice. | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |---+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------| | 1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk | | 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | | 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | *** hás(s) adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀s)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6ss][háss]] 1. white (hair colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | háss | hást | | Acc. | hás | hást | | Dat. | hásum | hásum | | Gen. | háss | háss | | Pl.Nom. | hásar | hás | | Acc. | hás | hás | | Dat. | hásum | hásum | | Gen. | hásar | háss | *** háv adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀f)}}} 1. tall, high | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | hár | hávt | | Acc. | háv | hávt | | Dat. | hávum | hávum | | Gen. | hávs | hávs | | Pl.Nom. | hávar | háv | | Acc. | háv | háv | | Dat. | hávum | hávum | | Gen. | hávar | hávr | *** hávn sn.f. {{{phon(hɛ̀vn̩)}}} 1. haven, port, harbour | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hávnn | hávninn | hávnn | hávninn | | Acc. | hávn | hávnin | hávn | hávnin | | Dat. | hávn | hávnin | hávnum | hávninum | | Gen. | hávnar | hávnins | hávnar | hávnin | *** hávuð in.n. {{{phon(hɛ̀βoð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6fu%C3%B0-A][hǫfuð]] 1. head (body) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+----------| | Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr | | Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit | | Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum | | Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit | *** háðsdýn wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávuð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] 1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress” See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions. *** hef sv. {{{phon(hef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hefja-A][hefja]] 1. to heave, lift, raise, move something upward 2. to elevate or raise the status or importance of something 3. to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu 4. to enhance or improve something Declensions: - infinitive :: hef - imperative :: hef - imperative passive voice :: hefjask - present participle :: hefjand - past participle :: hefit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefjumk | | 2s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefsk | | 3s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefisk | | 1p | | hefjum | hefim | hefjum | hefjumk | | 2p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | hefisk | | 3p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | hefisk | *** heim {{{phon(hɑɪm)}}} 1. sn.m. home 2. adv. (at) home #+name: Declension of /heim/ as a noun #+caption: heim-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | heimr | heiminn | heimr | heiminn | | Acc. | heim | heimin | heim | heimin | | Dat. | heim | heimin | heimum | heiminum | | Gen. | heimar | heimins | heimar | heimin | *** heils(a) wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]] 1. health | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr | | Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat | | Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum | | Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat | *** her wn.m. {{{phon(her)}}}, from Danish /herr/. 1. lord 2. Sir, title | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | her | herit | herr | heritr | | Acc. | her | herit | her | herit | | Dat. | her | herit | herum | heritum | | Gen. | hers | herits | hers | herit | *** hest sn.m. {{{phon(heʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hestr][hestr]] 1. horse (generic term) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hestr | hestinn | hestr | hestinn | | Acc. | hest | hestin | hest | hestin | | Dat. | hest | hestin | hestum | hestinum | | Gen. | hestar | hestins | hestar | hestin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#hros][hros]] *** himin sn.m. {{{phon(him.in)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#himinn-note][himinn]] 1. sky (generic term) 2. Christian heaven | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | himinn | himininn | himinn | himininn | | Acc. | himin | himinin | himin | himinin | | Dat. | himin | himinin | himinum | himininum | | Gen. | himinar | himinins | himinar | himinin | *** historja wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]] 1. history (school subject) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr | | Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat | | Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum | | Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat | *** hjá adj. {{{phon(çɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hj%C3%A1][hjá]] 1. near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically) 2. soon 3. by (a book /by/ this author) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | hjár | hját | | Acc. | hjá | hját | | Dat. | hjámum | hjámum | | Gen. | hjás | hjás | | Pl.Nom. | hjárar | hjá | | Acc. | hjá | hjá | | Dat. | hjámum | hjámum | | Gen. | hjárar | hjár | *** hjól sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]] 1. wheel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr | | Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit | | Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum | | Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit | *** hlaup(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlaupa][hlaupa]] 1. to run 2. to rush (figuratively), to hurry Declensions: - infinitive :: hlaup - imperative :: hlaup - imperative passive voice :: hlaupask - present participle :: hlaupand - past participle :: hlaupit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupumk | | 2s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | | 3s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | | 1p | | hlaupum | hlaupim | hlaupum | hlaupumk | | 2p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | | 3p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | *** hler(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]] 1. to hear 2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly) Declensions: - infinitive :: hler - imperative :: hler - imperative passive voice :: hlerask (except 1p /hlerumk/) - present participle :: hlerand - past participle :: hlerit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk | | 2s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | | 3s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | | 1p | | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk | | 2p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | | 3p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/ if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See [[file:./dictionary.md#hlust-a][hlust(a)]]. *** hleð sn.n. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from EON /hleða/, see ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0][hljóð]] 1. sound, noise, thing heard 2. unintelligible speech or conversation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr | | Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit | | Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum | | Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit | *** hleð(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hleð][hleð]] 1. to make a noise 2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train) Declensions: - infinitive :: hleð - imperative :: hleð - imperative passive voice :: hleðsk - present participle :: hleðand - past participle :: hleðat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk | | 2s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | | 3s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | | 1p | | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk | | 2p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | | 3p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | *** hlóð wn.n. {{{phon(l̥ɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hl%C3%B3%C3%B0][hlóð]] 1. hearth 2. living room | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr | | Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit | | Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum | | Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit | *** hlust(a) wv. {{{phon(ɬuʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlusta][hlusta]] 1. to listen to Declensions: - infinitive :: hlust - imperative :: hlust - imperative passive voice :: hlustask (except 1p /hlustumk/) - present participle :: hlustand - past participle :: hlustit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+-----------| | 1s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk | | 2s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | | 3s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | | 1p | | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk | | 2p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | | 3p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/ if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See #+html: ::: tip Example 1. Han hlustr henn He’s listening to her 2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek? Are you listening to what I am saying? 3. Vér hlustum eigi We did not listen #+html: ::: *** hneis(a) wn.f. {{{phon(n̥ɑ:ɪs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hneisa][hneisa]] 1. shame, disgrace, fear 2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear) 3. social isolation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr | | Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat | | Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum | | Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat | *** hneising wn.n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}} 1. hermit 2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr | | Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit | | Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum | | Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit | *** hnjós(a) sv. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hnj%C3%B3sa][hnjósa]] 1. to sneeze Declensions: - infinitive :: hnjós - imperative :: hnjós - imperative passive voice :: hnjósask - present participle :: hnjósand - past participle :: hnjósit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk | | 2s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | | 3s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | | 1p | | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk | | 2p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | | 3p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | *** hóst sn.m. {{{phon(hɔ̀ʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B3str][hóstr]] 1. lower part of the throat 2. chest | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hóstr | hóstinn | hóstr | hóstinn | | Acc. | hóst | hóstin | hóst | hóstin | | Dat. | hóst | hóstin | hóstum | hóstinum | | Gen. | hóstar | hóstins | hóstar | hóstin | *** hrifs wn.n. {{{phon(r̥ivs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]] 1. assault, mugging Alternative form: *hrivs* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr | | Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit | | Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum | | Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit | *** hring sn.m. {{{phon(r̥iŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hringr-I][hringr]] 1. ring | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hringr | hringinn | hringr | hringinn | | Acc. | hring | hringin | hring | hringin | | Dat. | hring | hringin | hringum | hringinum | | Gen. | hringar | hringins | hringar | hringin | *** Hringarherinssagat pn. {{{phon(ˈr̥iŋarˌherensˌsɑjɑt)}}} 1. /The Lord of the Rings/, litt. /The Story of the Lord of the Ring/ *** hros sn.n. {{{phon(r̩os)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hross][hross]] 1. horse; archaic, poetic word with a connotation of nobility, strength, or wilderness | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hros | hrosit | hros | hrositr | | Acc. | hros | hrosit | hros | hrosit | | Dat. | hros | hrosit | hrosum | hrositum | | Gen. | hross | hrosits | hross | hrosit | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#hest][hest]] *** hug(a) sv. {{{phon(huj)}}} 1. to mind, to think 2. to dwell on 3. to meditate Declensions: - infinitive :: hug - imperative :: hug - imperative passive voice :: hugask - present participle :: hugand - past participle :: hugit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk | | 2s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | | 3s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | | 1p | | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk | | 2p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | | 3p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | *** hugaleið(a) wv. {{{phon(ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hug-a][hug(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#leið-a][leið(a)]] 1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically 2. officiate a religious event Declensions: - infinitive :: hugaleið - imperative :: hugaleið - imperative passive voice :: hugaleiðask - present participhugale :: hugaleiðand - past participhugale :: hugaleiðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------------+--------------| | 1s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk | | 2s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | | 3s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | | 1p | | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk | | 2p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | | 3p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | *** hund sn.m. {{{phon(hund)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hundr][hundr]] 1. dog | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hundr | hundinn | hundr | hundinn | | Acc. | hund | hundin | hund | hundin | | Dat. | hund | hundin | hundum | hundinum | | Gen. | hundar | hundins | hundar | hundin | *** hús sn.n. {{{phon(hòs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%BAs][hús]] 1. house 2. family | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | hús | húsit | hús | húsitr | | Acc. | hús | húsit | hús | húsit | | Dat. | hús | húsit | húsum | húsitum | | Gen. | hús | húsits | hús | húsit | *** hvar pron. {{{phon(ʍar)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvar#Old_Norse][hvar]] 1. where Always in the dative case. *** hvat interr. {{{phon(ʍɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvat#Old_Norse][hvat]] 1. what | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | hvat | | Acc. | hvat | | Dat. | hvat | | Gen. | hves | *** hvenár interr. {{{phon(ʍenˈɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvenar][hvenær]] 1. when *** hver interr. and pron. {{{phon(ʍer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hverr2-A][hverr]] 1. which, who 2. every, every one, each | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | hver | | Acc. | hven | | Dat. | hvem | | Gen. | hves | When used in its /every/ meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while /hver/ bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns. #+html: ::: Example - Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han You’re listening to everything he/she says - Hver át epil mín? Who / which one of you ate my apple? #+html: ::: *** hvernig interr. {{{phon(ˈʍerneɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvernig][hvernig]] 1. how, in what way *** hversdag {{{phon(hversdaj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]] 1. adj. daily, everyday 2. adv. daily, everyday #+name: Declension of /hversdag/ as an adjective #+caption: hversdag-adjective-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+------------+------------| | Sg.Nom. | hversdagr | hversdagt | | Acc. | hversdag | hversdagt | | Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum | | Gen. | hversdags | hversdags | | Pl.Nom. | hversdagar | hversdag | | Acc. | hversdag | hversdag | | Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum | | Gen. | hversdagar | hversdagr | *** hví adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]] 1. why Alternative form: *hve* *** hvíl(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADla2][hvíla]] 1. bedroom 2. family bed (dated) Alternative form: *hvel(a)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr | | Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat | | Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum | | Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat | *** hvílskláð(i) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈʍèlskˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hvil-a][hvíl]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð]] 1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes Alternative form: *hvelskléð(i)* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions. *** hvít adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr][hvítr]] 1. white | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | hvítr | hvítt | | Acc. | hvít | hvítt | | Dat. | hvítum | hvítum | | Gen. | hvíts | hvíts | | Pl.Nom. | hvítar | hvít | | Acc. | hvít | hvít | | Dat. | hvítum | hvítum | | Gen. | hvítar | hvítr | ** I *** -g(i) suffix {{{phon(iɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#-gi][-gi]] 1. negative, no, not *** ikkí interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}} 1. How cold! Brr! From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic /ikkii/. *** inhald wn.n. {{{phon(ˈinhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/i.php#innihald][innihald]] 1. written content 2. web page content | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | inhald | inhaldit | inhaldr | inhalditr | | Acc. | inhald | inhaldit | inhald | inhaldit | | Dat. | inhald | inhaldit | inhaldum | inhalditum | | Gen. | inhalds | inhaldits | inhalds | inhaldit | *** iþat adv. {{{phon(iθat)}}}, from OE /eptir þat/. 1. nevertheless, nonetheless Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast *** Internet sn.f. {{{phon(ent.ern.ˈet)}}}, from English /Internet/ 1. Internet | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | Internetr | Internetinn | Internetr | Internetinn | | Acc. | Internet | Internetin | Internet | Internetin | | Dat. | Internet | Internetin | Internetum | Internetinum | | Gen. | Internetar | Internetins | Internetar | Internetin | ** Í *** ís sn.m. {{{phon(ès)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/ii.php#%C3%ADss][íss]] 1. ice | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | íss | ísinn | íss | ísinn | | Acc. | ís | ísin | ís | ísin | | Dat. | ís | ísin | ísum | ísinum | | Gen. | ísar | ísins | ísar | ísin | ** J *** jak wn.n. {{{phon(jak)}}}, from Tibetan [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%82#Tibetan][yak (གཡག)]]. 1. yak | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | yak | yakit | yakr | yakitr | | Acc. | yak | yakit | yak | yakit | | Dat. | yak | yakit | yakum | yakitum | | Gen. | yaks | yakits | yaks | yakit | *** já {{{phon(jɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%A1#Old_Norse][já]] 1. adv. yes 2. interj. yes (as an exclamation of joy) ** K *** kaup wn.n. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaup][kaup]] 1. commerce 2. bargain, barter Alternative form: *kóp* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr | | Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit | | Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum | | Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit | *** kaup(a) wv. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaupa-B][kaupa]] 1. to make business by selling goods, to do commerce 2. to bargain, to barter 3. to exchange Declensions: - infinitive :: kaup - imperative :: kaup - imperative passive voice :: kaupask - present participle :: kaupand - past participle :: kaupit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+---------| | 1s | | kaupar | kaupar | kaupar | kaupum | | 2s | | kaupið | kaupið | kaupir | kaupir | | 3s | | kaupir | kaupim | kaupið | kaupið | | 1p | | kaupt | kaupt | kaupt | kaupum | | 2p | | kaupuð | kaupuð | kaupumk | kaupisk | | 3p | | kaupðisk | kaupumk | kaupðisk | kaupisk | *** kann iv.mod. {{{phon(kanː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kunna-A][kunna]] 1. can 2. to be able to Note that, as a modal verb, /kann/ is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods Declensions: - infinitive :: kann | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. | |--------+---+------------+----------------------| | 1s | | kann | kunn | | 2s | | kannt | kunn | | 3s | | kann | kunn | | 1p | | kannum | kunnim | | 2p | | kannuð | kunnið | | 3p | | kann | kunn | *** káppok adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀ɸːok)}}}, from Greenlandic /kaappoq/ 1. peckish, a little hungry Alternative form: *kéffok* | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | káppokr | káppokt | | Acc. | káppok | káppokt | | Dat. | káppokum | káppokum | | Gen. | káppoks | káppoks | | Pl.Nom. | káppokar | káppok | | Acc. | káppok | káppok | | Dat. | káppokum | káppokum | | Gen. | káppokar | káppokr | *** kátt sn.m. {{{phon(kɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%B6ttr][kǫttr]] 1. cat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | káttr | káttinn | káttr | káttinn | | Acc. | kátt | káttin | kátt | káttin | | Dat. | kátt | káttin | káttum | káttinum | | Gen. | káttar | káttins | káttar | káttin | *** kenn(a) wv. {{{phon(kenː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kenna-B][kenna]] 1. to know, to recognize 2. to teach, when the patient is a dative element 3. to perceive, to sense 4. to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate sentence Declensions: - infinitive :: kenn - imperative :: kenn - imperative passive voice :: kennask - present participle :: kennand - past participle :: kennit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kennumk | | 2s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | | 3s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | | 1p | | kennum | kennim | kennum | kennumk | | 2p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | | 3p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | *** ker wn.n. {{{phon(ker)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#ker][ker]] 1. recipient, bassin 2. vessel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ker | kerit | kerr | keritr | | Acc. | ker | kerit | ker | kerit | | Dat. | ker | kerit | kerum | keritum | | Gen. | kers | kerits | kers | kerit | *** kék adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}} 1. gray (hair colour) Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic /qeeq/ | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | kékr | kékt | | Acc. | kék | kékt | | Dat. | kékum | kékum | | Gen. | kéks | kéks | | Pl.Nom. | kékar | kék | | Acc. | kék | kék | | Dat. | kékum | kékum | | Gen. | kékar | kékr | *** kláð(a) sv. {{{phon(klɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0a][kláða]] 1. to clothe 2. to drape something 3. to put cloth or clothes over something Declensions: - infinitive :: kláð - imperative :: kláð - imperative passive voice :: kláðask - present participle :: kláðand - past participle :: klánit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk | | 2s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | | 3s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | | 1p | | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk | | 2p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | | 3p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek kláðr ná mik I’m dressing up - Þú kláðt sáingin You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed #+html: ::: *** kláð(i) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈklɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0i-I][klæði]] 1. cloth 2. thing that covers 3. (pl) clothes | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr | | Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit | | Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum | | Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit | *** kom(a) iv. {{{phon(kom)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koma#Old_Norse][koma]] 1. to come Declensions: - infinitive :: kom - imperative :: kom - imperative passive voice :: komask - present participle :: komand - past participle :: kominn | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk | | 2s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | | 3s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | | 1p | | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk | | 2p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | | 3p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | *** kon(a) sn.f. {{{phon(kon)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kona][kona]] 1. woman 2. wife (colloquial) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | konr | konann | konr | konann | | Acc. | kon | konan | kon | konan | | Dat. | kon | konan | konum | konanum | | Gen. | konar | konans | konar | konan | *** Konung sn.m. {{{phon(ˈkonoŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/konungr#Old_Norse][konungr]] 1. king Alternative form: *Konong* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn | | Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin | | Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum | | Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin | *** konunɡliɡ {{{phon(konoŋlej)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] and suffix /-lig/. 1. adv. royaly 2. adj. royal Alternative form: *kononglej* #+name: Declension of /konunglig/ as an adjective #+caption: konunglig-adjective-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-------------+-------------| | Sg.Nom. | konungligr | konungligt | | Acc. | konunglig | konungligt | | Dat. | konungligum | konungligum | | Gen. | konungligs | konungligs | | Pl.Nom. | konungligar | konunglig | | Acc. | konunglig | konunglig | | Dat. | konungligum | konungligum | | Gen. | konungligar | konungligr | *** kú sn.f. {{{phon(kò)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BDr][kýr]] 1. cow | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | kúr | kúnn | kúr | kúnn | | Acc. | kú | kún | kú | kún | | Dat. | kú | kún | kúm | kúnum | | Gen. | kúr | kúns | kúr | kún | *** kúr(a) sv. {{{phon(kòr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BAra][kúra]] 1. to nap (not in a bed or a [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]]) Alternative form: *kor(a)* Declensions: - infinitive :: kúr - imperative :: kúr - imperative passive voice :: kúrask - present participle :: kúrand - past participle :: kúrit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk | | 2s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | | 3s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | | 1p | | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk | | 2p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | | 3p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | ** L *** land sn.n. {{{phon(land)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse][land]] 1. land 2. country | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr | | Acc. | land | landit | land | landit | | Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum | | Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit | *** lat adj. {{{phon(lɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr]] 1. lazy 2. with slow reaction time | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | latr | latt | | Acc. | lat | latt | | Dat. | latum | latum | | Gen. | lats | lats | | Pl.Nom. | latar | lat | | Acc. | lat | lat | | Dat. | latum | latum | | Gen. | latar | latr | *** Laurdag sn.m. {{{phon(lɔrdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#laug-IV][laugardagr]] 1. Saturday, seventh day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** lág sn.n. {{{phon(lɛ̀j)}}} 1. law, plural only | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | lág | lágit | lág | lágitr | | Acc. | lág | lágit | lág | lágit | | Dat. | lág | lágit | lágum | lágitum | | Gen. | lágs | lágits | lágs | lágit | *** lágsman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈlɛ̀ɡsˌman)}}} 1. lawyer, attorney For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]. *** lás(a) wv. {{{phon(lɛ̀s)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%A6sa][læsa]] 1. to lock 2. to shut (somewhat securely) Declensions: - infinitive :: lás - imperative :: lás - imperative passive voice :: lásask - present participle :: lásand - past participle :: lásin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lásumk | | 2s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | | 3s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | | 1p | | lásum | lásim | lásum | lásumk | | 2p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | | 3p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | *** leik {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}} 1. sn.f. plaything 2. sn.m. game | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | leikr | leikinn | leikr | leikinn | | Acc. | leik | leikin | leik | leikin | | Dat. | leik | leikin | leikum | leikinum | | Gen. | leikar | leikins | leikar | leikin | *** leik(a) sv. {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}} 1. to play Declensions: - infinitive :: leik - imperative :: leik - imperative passive voice :: leikask - present participle :: leikand - past participle :: leikit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikumk | | 2s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | | 3s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | | 1p | | leikum | leikim | leikum | leikumk | | 2p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | | 3p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | *** leið(a) wv. {{{phon(lɑːɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lei%C3%B0a][leiða]] 1. to lead, to show the way 2. to drive (large transportation vehicles) Declensions: - infinitive :: leið - imperative :: leið - imperative passive voice :: leiðask - present participle :: leiðand - past participle :: leiðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |--------+---+----------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk | | 2s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | | 3s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | | 1p | | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk | | 2p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | | 3p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | *** les(a) sv. {{{phon(les)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lesa-II][lesa]] 1. to read Declensions: - infinitive :: les - imperative :: les - imperative passive voice :: lesask - present participle :: lesand - past participle :: lesit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk | | 2s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | | 3s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | | 1p | | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk | | 2p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | | 3p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | *** list wn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#list][list]] 1. art, craft 2. skill | | Sg. | Pl. | |------+-------+--------| | Nom. | list | listr | | Acc. | list | list | | Dat. | list | listum | | Gen. | lists | lists | *** list(i) sn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#listi][listi]] 1. list 2. catalogue | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | listr | listinn | listr | listinn | | Acc. | list | listin | list | listin | | Dat. | list | listin | listum | listinum | | Gen. | listir | listins | listir | listin | *** listsmið sn.m. {{{phon(liʃtsmið)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]] 1. craftsman, artist For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]]. *** lit sn.m. {{{phon(lit)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#litr][litr]] 1. colour, hue 2. shade, tint 3. dye | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | litr | litinn | litr | litinn | | Acc. | lit | litin | lit | litin | | Dat. | lit | litin | litum | litinum | | Gen. | litar | litins | litar | litin | *** lit(a) wv. {{{phon(lit)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lita][lita]] 1. to colour 2. to paint 3. to dye Declensions: - infinitive :: lit - imperative :: lit - imperative passive voice :: litask - present participle :: litand - past participle :: litit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | litar | litir | litt | litumk | | 2s | | litar | litir | litt | littisk | | 3s | | litar | litir | litt | littisk | | 1p | | litum | litim | litum | litumk | | 2p | | litið | litið | lituð | littisk | | 3p | | litið | litið | lituð | littisk | *** líf sn.n. {{{phon(lèv)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADf][líf]] 1. life 2. the period during which something is functional or durable 3. a way or manner of living 4. the state or fact of being alive 5. vitality, energy, or spirit Alternative form: *lef* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr | | Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit | | Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum | | Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit | **** hav líf 1. to be energetic 2. to be enthusiastic, positive *** lífsván sn.f. {{{phon(ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#lif][líf]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#van][ván]] 1. raison d’être 2. life hope 3. vocation, calling, mission Alternative form: *lefsvén* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | | Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin | | Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum | | Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin | *** lík(a) {{{phon(lèk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADka][líka]] 1. (wv) to like 2. (adv) like, similar to 3. (adv) also #+html: ::: tip Example Hann talar á Ensk og líka Fransk. He speaks English and also French. #+html: ::: - infinitive :: lík - imperative :: lík - imperative passive voice :: lekask - present participle :: lekand - past participle :: lekit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk | | 2s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | | 3s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | | 1p | | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk | | 2p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | | 3p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | *** lít(a) sv. {{{phon(lèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADta][líta]] 1. to look at, to behold, to see Declensions: - infinitive :: lít - imperative :: lít - imperative passive voice :: lítask - present participle :: lítand - past participle :: lítit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk | | 2s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | | 3s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | | 1p | | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk | | 2p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | | 3p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case. #+html: ::: tip Example Han lítt í húsit sín. She looked at her house. | han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín | | 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN | #+html: ::: *** lok(a) sv. {{{phon(lok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#loka2][loka]] 1. to close 2. to shut, to shut down Declensions: - infinitive :: lok - imperative :: lok - imperative passive voice :: lokask - present participle :: lokand - past participle :: lokin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokumk | | 2s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | | 3s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | | 1p | | lokum | lokim | lokum | lokumk | | 2p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | | 3p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | *** lykil wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]] 1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…) 2. musical key | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr | | Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit | | Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum | | Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit | ** M *** man in.m. {{{phon(mɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#ma%C3%B0r][maðr]] 1. man 2. person 3. husband (colloquial) 4. interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | maðr | maðinn | meðr | meðinn | | Acc. | mann | mannin | menn | mennin | | Dat. | mann | mannin | mennum | menninum | | Gen. | manns | mannins | menns | mennin | *** man(u) iv. {{{phon(mun)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munu][munu]] 1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall #+html: ::: tip Example Vér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag We will go to the theatre tomorrow #+html: ::: 2. will, shall, must #+html: ::: tip Example Þú man les að bókan. You will/must read the book. #+html: ::: 3. polite conditional when used in the subjunctive #+html: ::: tip Example Ef hann mynir kom... If he comes... #+html: ::: 4. likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood Declensions: - infinitive :: man - imperative :: mun - present participle :: munand | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------| | 1s | | man | mynir | mynd | | 2s | | man | mynir | mynd | | 3s | | man | mynir | mynd | | 1p | | munum | mynim | myndum | | 2p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | | 3p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | *** mastergrað(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈmaʃterˌɡrað)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/master#English][Master]] and Middle Eittlandic /graða/ (see [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]]) 1. Master's degree See [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]] for declensions. *** maðr Nominative of [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] *** mál(a) wv. {{{phon(mɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] 1. to measure 2. to determine a size or a quantity 3. to estimate Declensions: - infinitive :: mál - imperative :: mál - imperative passive voice :: málask - present participle :: máland - past participle :: málin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | málar | málir | mált | málumk | | 2s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk | | 3s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk | | 1p | | málum | málim | málum | málumk | | 2p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | | 3p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | *** málskipan sn.f. {{{phon(ˈmɛ̀lˌʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] and OE [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]] 1. language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…) For its declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]]. *** mán(i) wn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1ni][máni]] 1. the moon 2. a moon | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | mán | máninn | mánn | | | Acc. | mán | mánin | mán | | | Dat. | mán | mánin | mánum | | | Gen. | máns | mánins | máns | | Like [[file:./dictionary.md#sol][sól]], the definite and plural form of /mán/ are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, /Mán/ tends to more often means /the moon/. In written Eittlandic, /mán/ generally means /a moon/, while /Mán/ generally means /the (Earth’s) moon/. *** mánsveg sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀ns.βeɣ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#man-i][mán(i)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#veg][veg]] 1. sky, with a connotation with space (litteraly /moon's way/) 2. stratosphere For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#veg][veg]] *** Mánsdag sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀nsdaɣ)}}} from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1nadagr][mánadagr]] 1. Monday, second day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** mat sn.m. {{{phon(mat)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#matr][matr]] 1. food, meat (uncountable) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn | | Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin | | Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum | | Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin | While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat. #+html: ::: tip Example - Han lítar í matin She takes a look at the food - Han lítar í matinum She takes a look at the different types of food #+html: ::: *** metr(o) wn.n. {{{phon(metr)}}}, from French “métro” 1. subway, underground | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr | | Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot | | Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum | | Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#undirland][undirland]] *** með adv. {{{phon(með)}}} 1. with 2. prefix with, co-smth. See *** Meðkonung sn.m. {{{phon(meðˈkonoŋ)}}}, see [[file:./dictionary.md#með][með]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] 1. Co-King Alternative form: *Meðkonong* See [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][Konung]] for declension. *** mið adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][miðr]] 1. middle (physically and temporaly) 2. midways | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | miðr | miðt | | Acc. | mið | miðt | | Dat. | miðum | miðum | | Gen. | miðs | miðs | | Pl.Nom. | miðar | mið | | Acc. | mið | mið | | Dat. | miðum | miðum | | Gen. | miðar | miðr | *** mjúk adj. {{{phon(mjòk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mj%C3%BAkr][mjúkr]] 1. soft, gentle, soothing | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | mjúkr | mjúkt | | Acc. | mjúk | mjúkt | | Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum | | Gen. | mjúks | mjúks | | Pl.Nom. | mjúkar | mjúk | | Acc. | mjúk | mjúk | | Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum | | Gen. | mjúkar | mjúkr | *** móð sn.f. {{{phon(mɔ̀ð}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][móðir]], reanalized as /móð/ + /-ir/ 1. mother | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | móðr | móðinn | mœðr | mœðinn | | Acc. | móð | móðin | mœð | mœðin | | Dat. | móð | móðin | mœðum | mœðinum | | Gen. | móðir | móðins | mœðir | mœðin | *** mœð See [[file:./dictionary.md#moð][móð]] *** mynd sn.f. {{{phon(mynd)}}} 1. image, picture 2. video | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | myndr | myndinn | myndr | myndinn | | Acc. | mynd | myndin | mynd | myndin | | Dat. | mynd | myndin | myndum | myndinum | | Gen. | myndar | myndins | myndar | myndin | *** myrgun in.m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡun)}}}, {{{phon(mʏʁːʊn)}}} in some dialects, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]] 1. morning, aurora In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann | | Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan | | Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum | | Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan | ** N *** nakt adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}} 1. naked | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | naktr | naktt | | Acc. | nakt | naktt | | Dat. | naktum | naktum | | Gen. | nakts | nakts | | Pl.Nom. | naktar | nakt | | Acc. | nakt | nakt | | Dat. | naktum | naktum | | Gen. | naktar | naktr | *** ná adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]] 1. now #+html: ::: tip Example Ná kømar ek frá universitetit. I come from the university now. #+html: ::: 2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kømar frá universitetit ná! - I come from the university (you know) or - (I’ll have you know) I come from the university! #+html: ::: 3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kømar ná frá universitetit. I’m coming from the university. #+html: ::: Alternative form: *né* adj. from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%A6r][nær]] 1. near | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | nár | nát | | Acc. | ná | nát | | Dat. | námum | námum | | Gen. | nás | nás | | Pl.Nom. | nárar | ná | | Acc. | ná | ná | | Dat. | námum | námum | | Gen. | nárar | nár | *** nágrann(i) wn.m. {{{phon(nɛ̀.ɡrɑnː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#na][ná]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#grann-i][grann(i)]] 1. immediate neighbour, next door or next house over See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]] *** nákkur indef.pron. {{{phon(nɛ̀χor)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%B6kkurr][nǫkkur]] 1. anyone, any 2. some, someone #+html: ::: tip Example - Nákkurr kœmt í dag Someone came yesterday #+html: ::: See [[file:grammar.md#indefinite-pronouns][Indefinite pronouns (grammar)]] for more information on this indefinite pronoun. #+name: Declensions of the indefinite pronoun /nakk/ #+caption: nakk-indef-pronoun-declension | / | | | | | | | | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |---+---------+-----------+-----------+----------| | | Sg.Nom. | nákkurr | nákkur | nákkut | | | Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkut | | | Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurr | nákkur | | | Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurrar | nákkurs | | | Pl.Nom | nákkurar | nákkurar | nákkur | | | Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkur | | | Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurum | nákkurum | | | Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurs | nákkurs | *** náng interj. {{{phon(nɛŋ)}}} 1. negative counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar Alternative form: *néng* This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut /nangaa/ and Proto-Eskimoan /*nanka/, and Western Greenlandic /naagga/. *** nei {{{phon(nɑɪ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nei#Old_Norse][nei]] 1. (adv.) no 2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret *** nem {{{phon(nem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nema-B][nema]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#en][en]] - conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual) - adv. expect, save, but - wn.n. studies, from [[file:./dictionary.md#nem-a][nem(a)]] 1. the act or process of learning or acquiring knowledge, especially through systematic investigation or instruction 2. a particular field or subject of academic study 3. a collection of academic research or investigations #+name: nem-noun-decl #+caption: Declensions of nem as a noun | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | nem | nemat | nemm | nematr | | Acc. | nem | nemat | nem | nemat | | Dat. | nem | nemat | nemum | nematum | | Gen. | nems | nemats | nems | nemat | *** nem(a) sv. {{{phon(nem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nema2-A][nema]] 1. to study, to apply oneself to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, inverstigation, or practice. 2. to examine or investigate something closely 3. to memorize or learn something by heart 4. to be engaged in academic pursuits Declensions: - infinitive :: nem - imperative :: nem - imperative passive voice :: nemask - present participle :: nemand - past participle :: nemit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemumk | | 2s | | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemsk | | 3s | | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemask | | 1p | | nemum | nemim | nemum | nemumk | | 2p | | nemið | nemið | nemuð | nemask | | 3p | | nemið | nemið | nemuð | nemask | *** norvegsúlf sn.m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]] 1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf. Alternative form: *norvejsólv* Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/ (genitive of /Noregr/, /Norway/) and /úlfr/. For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ulf][úlf]]. *** ný adj. {{{phon(nø̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%BDr][nýr]] 1. new 2. recent, new 3. fresh | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | nýr | nýt | | Acc. | ný | nýt | | Dat. | nývum | nývum | | Gen. | nýs | nýs | | Pl.Nom. | nývar | ný | | Acc. | ný | ný | | Dat. | nývum | nývum | | Gen. | nývar | nýr | ** O *** ok conj. {{{phon(ok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#ok-A][ok]] 1. and *** opin adj. {{{phon(ˈopin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opinn][opinn]] 1. open | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | opinr | opint | | Acc. | opin | opint | | Dat. | opinum | opinum | | Gen. | opins | opins | | Pl.Nom. | opinar | opin | | Acc. | opin | opin | | Dat. | opinum | opinum | | Gen. | opinar | opinr | *** opn(a) sv. {{{phon(opn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opna][opna]] 1. to open Declensions: - infinitive :: opn - imperative :: opn - imperative passive voice :: opnask - present participle :: opnand - past participle :: opnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnumk | | 2s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnsk | | 3s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnask | | 1p | | opnum | opnim | opnum | opnumk | | 2p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | | 3p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | *** opt adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]] 1. often Alternative form: *oft* *** orð sn.n. {{{phon(orð)}}} 1. word, utterance | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | orð | orðit | orð | orðitr | | Acc. | orð | orðit | orð | orðit | | Dat. | orð | orðit | orðum | orðitum | | Gen. | orðs | orðits | orðs | orðit | *** orðtak wn.n. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orðtak-a][orðtak(a)]] 1. a quote | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakr | orðtakitr | | Acc. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtak | orðtakit | | Dat. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakum | orðtakitum | | Gen. | orðtaks | orðtakits | orðtaks | orðtakit | *** orðtak(a) sv. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orð][orð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tak-a][tak(a)]] 1. to quote Declensions: - infinitive :: orðtak - imperative :: orðtak - imperative passive voice :: orðtakask - present participle :: orðtakand - past participle :: orðtakit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+-----------| | 1s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakumk | | 2s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtaksk | | 3s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakisk | | 1p | | orðtakum | orðtakim | orðtakum | orðtakumk | | 2p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | | 3p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | ** Ó *** ó- prefix {{{phon(ɔ̀)}}} Equivalent of English /un…/, /not smth/ #+html: ::: tip Example ótraust unsafe #+html: ::: *** ótraust adj. {{{phon(ˌɔ̀ˈtrɔʊʃt)}}} 1. unsafe, not trustworthy | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-----------+-----------| | Sg.Nom. | ótraustr | ótraustt | | Acc. | ótraust | ótraustt | | Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum | | Gen. | ótrausts | ótrausts | | Pl.Nom. | ótraustar | ótraust | | Acc. | ótraust | ótraust | | Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum | | Gen. | ótraustar | ótraustr | *** Óðin pn. {{{phon(ɔðen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0inn][Óðinn]] 1. Odin | | Sg. | |------+-------| | Nom. | Óðinn | | Acc. | Óðin | | Dat. | Óðin | | Gen. | Óðins | *** Óðinsdag sn.m. {{{phon(ɔðensdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0insdagr][óðinsdagr]] 1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** óglað adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3gla%C3%B0r][óglaðr]] 1. very sad, depressed, miserable Alternative form: *ógjœð* | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | óglaðr | óglaðt | | Acc. | óglað | óglaðt | | Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum | | Gen. | óglaðs | óglaðs | | Pl.Nom. | óglaðar | óglað | | Acc. | óglað | óglað | | Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum | | Gen. | óglaðar | óglaðr | *** óss sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]] 1. river mouth 2. fjord mouth | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn | | Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin | | Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum | | Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin | *** óvin sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀β.en)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#o][ó-]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] 1. enemy For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] ** P *** panig sn.f. {{{phon(ˈpan.eɣ)}}}, likely from Tunrit. Compare to Greenlandic [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panik#Greenlandic][panik]] 1. daughter, term of endearment See also [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-u][dótt(u)]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | panikr | paniginn | panikr | paniginn | | Acc. | panig | panigin | panig | panigin | | Dat. | panig | panigin | panigum | paniginum | | Gen. | panigar | panigins | panigar | panigin | *** park wn.n. {{{phon(pɑrk)}}}, from French /parc/ 1. parc 2. natural reserve | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | park | parkit | parkr | parkitr | | Acc. | park | parkit | park | parkit | | Dat. | park | parkit | parkum | parkitum | | Gen. | parks | parkits | parks | parkit | *** pengvin wn.n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]] 1. penguin Alternative form: *pengven* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinn | pengvinitr | | Acc. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvin | pengvinit | | Dat. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinum | pengvinitum | | Gen. | pengvins | pengvinits | pengvins | pengvinit | *** pos(i) wn.n. {{{phon(pos)}}}, probably from Greenlandic /puisi/ 1. posi, Eittlandic seal Alternative form: *pos(e)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr | | Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit | | Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum | | Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit | ** R *** ráð sn.n. {{{phon(rɛ̀ð)}}} 1. advice, counsel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðitr | | Acc. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðit | | Dat. | ráð | ráðit | ráðum | ráðitum | | Gen. | ráðs | ráðits | ráðs | ráðit | *** ráðspell sn.n. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðˌʃpelː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] 1. debate See [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] for declension. *** ráðuneyt(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]] 1. Ministry 2. department Alternative form: *réðoneyt* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr | | Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | | Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum | | Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit | *** rauð adj. {{{phon(rɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rau%C3%B0r][rauðr]] 1. red | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | rauðr | rauðt | | Acc. | rauð | rauðt | | Dat. | rauðum | rauðum | | Gen. | rauðs | rauðs | | Pl.Nom. | rauðar | rauð | | Acc. | rauð | rauð | | Dat. | rauðum | rauðum | | Gen. | rauðar | rauðr | *** rekkja (noun) wn.f. {{{phon(rekxə)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rekkja][rekkja]] 1. nap, siesta 2. makeshift bed, napping bed 3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers' workplaces. This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn | | Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat | | Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum | | Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat | *** rekkja (verb) wv. {{{phon(rexː)}}}, from ON 1. to nap in a bed Declensions: - infinitive :: rekkja - imperative :: rekkja - imperative passive voice :: rekkjask - present participle :: rekkjand - past participle :: rekkjit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+------------| | 1s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk | | 2s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | | 3s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | | 1p | | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk | | 2p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | | 3p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | *** rekkláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] 1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes” | | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | rekkláðr | rekkláðitr | | Acc. | rekkláð | rekkláðit | | Dat. | rekkláðum | rekkláðitum | | Gen. | rekkláðs | rekkláðit | *** rít(a) sv. {{{phon(rèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%ADta-B][ríta]] 1. to write Declensions: - infinitive :: rít - imperative :: rít - imperative passive voice :: rítask - present participle :: rítand - past participle :: rítit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítumk | | 2s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítsk | | 3s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítask | | 1p | | rítum | rítim | rítum | rítumk | | 2p | | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask | | 3p | | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask | *** rúm sn.n. {{{phon(ròm)}}} 1. room 2. channel (as in an online app) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmitr | | Acc. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmit | | Dat. | rúm | rúmit | rúmum | rúmitum | | Gen. | rúms | rúmits | rúms | rúmit | *** rúmvin sn.m. {{{phon(ˈròmˌβin)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rum][rúm]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] 1. roommate For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] ** S *** -smið suffix {{{phon(smið)}}} 1. -work Forms strong masculine nouns *** sag(a) wn.f. {{{phon(sɑj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#saga][saga]] 1. story, tale, legend | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sag | sagat | sagar | sagatr | | Acc. | sag | sagat | sag | sagat | | Dat. | sag | sagat | sagum | sagatum | | Gen. | sags | sagats | sags | sagats | *** sagj(a) sv. {{{phon(saj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#segja-A][sagja]] 1. to say, to tell 2. to proclaim, to declare Declensions: - infinitive :: sagja - imperative :: sagja - imperative passive voice :: sagjask - present participle :: sagjand - past participle :: sagjat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk | | 2s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | | 3s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | | 1p | | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk | | 2p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | | 3p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | *** samrekkja wv. {{{phon(ˈsamˌrekxə)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] 1. sleep with someone 2. to have sex with someone (euphemism) See [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] for conjugaison. *** sand sn.m. {{{phon(sɑnd)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sandr][sandr]] 1. sand | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sandr | sandinn | sandr | sandinn | | Acc. | sand | sandin | sand | sandin | | Dat. | sand | sandin | sandum | sandinum | | Gen. | sandar | sandins | sandar | sandin | *** sann adj. {{{phon(sɑnː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sannr][sannr]] 1. true | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | sann | satt | | Acc. | sann | satt | | Dat. | sannum | sannum | | Gen. | sanns | sanns | | Pl.Nom. | sannar | sann | | Acc. | sann | sann | | Dat. | sannum | sannum | | Gen. | sannar | sannr | *** sauð sn.m. {{{phon(sɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sau%C3%B0r][sauðr]] 1. sheep 2. a crowd or flock; a large gathering of people, often moving or behaving in a similar manner 3. a source of comfort or warmth, something that provides comfort, warmth, or a sense of security; a soothing or comforting presence #+html: ::: tip Example Han es sauðin í lífit mínt She is the sheep in my life; she is a source of comfort and warmth #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sauðr | sauðinn | sauðr | sauðinn | | Acc. | sauð | sauðin | sauð | sauðin | | Dat. | sauð | sauðin | sauðum | sauðinum | | Gen. | sauðar | sauðins | sauðar | sauðin | *** sá {{{phon(sɛ̀)}}} 1. pron. that See also [[file:./dictionary.md#þess-i][þess(i)]] 2. conj. and adv.: Regional variant of [[file:./dictionary.md#sva][svá]], used mainly in the Ðeberget bay. #+name: Declension of the pronoun /sá/ #+caption: sa-pronoun-declension | / | | | | | | | Common | Neuter | |---+---------+--------+--------| | | Sg.Nom. | sá | þat | | | Acc. | sann | þat | | | Dat. | þeim | þí | | | Gen. | þess | þess | | | Pl.Nom. | þeir | þau | | | Acc. | þá | þau | | | Dat. | þeim | þeim | | | Gen. | þeir | þeir | *** sáing sn.f. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ing][sæing]] 1. bed Alternative form: *séing* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn | | Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin | | Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum | | Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin | *** sáingkláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#saing][sáing]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] 1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes” Alternative form: *séingkléð* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] for declensions. *** sem {{{phon(sem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sem][sem]] 1. pron. who, which, that (relative pronoun) #+html: ::: tip Example - Maðinn sem talar er bróðin mín. The man who is speaking is my brother. #+html: ::: 2. conj. 1. (comparative) how, as, like, in the way that Used as a conjunction to introduce a comparative clause #+html: ::: tip Example - Hann svart sem hann vilir. He replied the way he wanted. - Ek er eig svá hár sem þú. I am not as tall as you. #+html: ::: 2. (temporal) when, while When used as a conjunction, can introduce a temporal clause #+html: ::: tip Example Sem ek vas lesand, ek sovnt. While I was reading, I fell asleep. #+html: ::: 3. (causal) since, because Introduces a causal clause #+html: ::: tip Example Sem ek vas sjúkr, kœmt ek eig. Since I was sick, I didn’t come. #+html: ::: *** sitj(a) iv. {{{phon(siːʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]] 1. to sit 2. to represent (politics) Declensions: - infinitive :: sit - imperative :: sit - imperative passive voice :: sitask - present participle :: sitjand - past participle :: sitit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk | | 2s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | | 3s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | | 1p | | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk | | 2p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | | 3p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | *** síð(a) wf.n. {{{phon(sèð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%AD%C3%B0a][síða]] 1. side (of something) 2. side, direction 3. site, location (often figurative) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | síð | síðat | síðr | síðatr | | Acc. | síð | síðat | síð | síðat | | Dat. | síð | síðat | síðum | síðatum | | Gen. | síðs | síðats | síðs | síðat | *** síðan adv. {{{phon(sèðɑn)}}}, from ON 1. after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority *** sjá iv. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]] 1. to see 2. to understand Alternative form: *sjé* Declensions: - infinitive :: sjá - imperative :: sjá - imperative passive voice :: sjásk - present participle :: sjánd - past participle :: sját | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk | | 2s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | | 3s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | | 1p | | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk | | 2p | | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | | 3p | | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | *** sjón sn.f. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sj%C3%B3n][sjón]] 1. vision, sighting 2. spectacle 3. movie | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sjónn | sjóninn | sjónn | sjóninn | | Acc. | sjón | sjónin | sjón | sjón | | Dat. | sjón | sjónin | sjónum | sjóninum | | Gen. | sjónar | sjónins | sjónar | sjón | *** sjónvarp sn.n. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀nβarp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sjon][sjón]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#varp][varp]] 1. movie projection For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#varp][varp]] *** sjónvarphús sn.n. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀nβarphòs)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sjonvarp][sjónvarp]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#hus][hús]] 1. cinema, theatre For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#hus][hús]]. *** sjúk adj. {{{phon(ʃòk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sj%C3%BAkr][sjúkr]] 1. sick, ill, unwell 2. weak, frail 3. nauseous 4. disgusted, repulsed (by something) 5. mentally unwell | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | sjúkr | sjúkt | | Acc. | sjúk | sjúkt | | Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum | | Gen. | sjúks | sjúks | | Pl.Nom. | sjúkar | sjúk | | Acc. | sjúk | sjúk | | Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum | | Gen. | sjúkar | sjúkr | *** skal(a) iv. {{{phon(ʃkul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skulu][skulu]] 1. should, might 2. irrealis or dubitative modal verb 3. neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood Declensions: - infinitive :: skal - imperative :: skal - present participle :: skaland - past participle :: skalit | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------| | 1s | | skal | skylir | skyldr | | 2s | | skalt | skylir | skyldr | | 3s | | skal | skylir | skyldr | | 1p | | skulum | skylim | skyldum | | 2p | | skaluð | skylið | skylduð | | 3p | | skaluð | skylið | skylduð | *** skilj(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]] 1. to differenciate 2. to segregate, to separate 3. to understand a difference Alternative form: *skij* Declensions: - infinitive :: skilja - imperative :: skilja - imperative passive voice :: skiljask - present participle :: skiljand - past participle :: skit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk | | 2s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | | 3s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | | 1p | | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk | | 2p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | | 3p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | *** skipan sn.f. {{{phon(ʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skipan][skipan]] 1. arrangement, order, organisation (of things) 2. item box, for organising belongings | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | skipanr | skipaninn | skipann | skipaninn | | Acc. | skipan | skipanin | skipan | skipanin | | Dat. | skipan | skipanin | skipanum | skipaninum | | Gen. | skipanar | skipanins | skipanar | skipanin | *** skipt(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkiɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skipta][skipta]] 1. to change, to make something different or alter its state 2. to switch, to toggle, to move from one state or position to another, especially in the context of mechanical or electronic devices 3. to exchange, to give something and receive something else in return 4. to shift, to move or transfer something from one place or position to another 5. to alter, modify, to make adjustments or modifications to something 6. to replace, to put something new in the place of something old or existing Declensions: - infinitive :: skipt - imperative :: skipt - imperative passive voice :: skiptask - present participle :: skiptand - past participle :: skiptit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptumk | | 2s | | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptisk | | 3s | | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptisk | | 1p | | skiptum | skiptim | skiptum | skiptumk | | 2p | | skiptið | skiptið | skiptuð | skiptisk | | 3p | | skiptið | skiptið | skiptuð | skiptisk | *** skín wn.n. {{{phon(skèn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skin-a][skín(a)]] 1. shine, shimmer 2. brightness 3. radiance | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skín | skínit | skínn | skínitr | | Acc. | skín | skínit | skín | skínit | | Dat. | skín | skínit | skínum | skínitum | | Gen. | skíns | skínits | skíns | skínit | *** skín(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%ADna][skína]] 1. to shine 2. to be bright (emitting light) Declensions: - infinitive :: skín - imperative :: skín - imperative passive voice :: skínask - present participle :: skínand - past participle :: skínin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínumk | | 2s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | | 3s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | | 1p | | skínum | skínim | skínum | skínumk | | 2p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | | 3p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | *** skít sn.n. {{{phon(ʃkèt)}}} 1. /vulgar/ excrement, shit | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skít | skítit | skít | skítitr | | Acc. | skít | skítit | skít | skítit | | Dat. | skít | skítit | skítum | skítitum | | Gen. | skíts | skítits | skíts | skítit | *** skítráð sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃkètˌrɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skit][skít]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]], calque of English /shitpost/ 1. shitpost, meme For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]]. *** skóg sn.m. {{{phon(ʃkɔ̀ɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%B3gr][skógr]] 1. forest, woods, a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth 2. an intricate, densely connected system or network, reminiscent of the structure of a forest 3. the Internet (colloquial, definite only) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skógr | skóginn | skógr | skóginn | | Acc. | skóg | skógin | skóg | skógin | | Dat. | skóg | skógin | skógum | skóginum | | Gen. | skógar | skógins | skógar | skógin | *** smár adj. {{{phon(smɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sm%C3%A1r-A][smár]] 1. small, little 2. narrow | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | smárr | smárt | | Acc. | smár | smárt | | Dat. | smárum | smárum | | Gen. | smárs | smárs | | Pl.Nom. | smárar | smár | | Acc. | smár | smár | | Dat. | smárum | smárum | | Gen. | smárar | smárr | *** smársov wn.n. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. a nap (in a proper bed) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | smársov | smársovit | smársovr | smársovitr | | Acc. | smársov | smársovit | smársov | smársovit | | Dat. | smársov | smársovit | smársovum | smársovitum | | Gen. | smársovs | smársovits | smársovs | smársovit | *** smársov(a) iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. to nap (in a proper bed) See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison. *** snár sn.m. {{{phon(snɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]] 1. snow | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | snárr | snárinn | snárr | snárinn | | Acc. | snár | snárin | snár | snárin | | Dat. | snár | snárin | snárum | snárinum | | Gen. | snárar | snárins | snárar | snárin | *** son sn.m. {{{phon(son)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sonr-B][sonr]] 1. son | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sonn | soninn | sonn | soninn | | Acc. | son | sonin | son | sonin | | Dat. | son | sonin | sonum | soninum | | Gen. | sonar | sonins | sonar | sonin | *** sov wn.n. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. a sleep, a long rest (in a bed) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sov | sovit | sovr | sovitr | | Acc. | sov | sovit | sov | sovit | | Dat. | sov | sovit | sovum | sovitum | | Gen. | sovs | sovits | sovs | sovit | *** sov(a) iv. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofa-B][sofa]] 1. to sleep Declensions: - infinitive :: sov - imperative :: sov - imperative passive voice :: sovask - present participle :: sovand - past participle :: sovin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk | | 2s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | | 3s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | | 1p | | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk | | 2p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | | 3p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | *** sovn(a) wv. {{{phon(soβn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofna][sofna]] 1. to fall asleep Declensions: - infinitive :: sovn - imperative :: sovn - imperative passive voice :: sovnask - present participle :: sovnand - past participle :: sovnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovnumk | | 2s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk | | 3s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk | | 1p | | sovnum | sovnim | sovnum | sovnumk | | 2p | | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk | | 3p | | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk | *** sól sn.f. {{{phon(sɔ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3l-A][sól]] 1. the Sun 2. a sun, a star (astronomical sense) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sól | sólinn | sóll | sólinn | | Acc. | sól | sólin | sól | sólin | | Dat. | sól | sólin | sólum | sólinum | | Gen. | sólar | sólins | sólar | sólin | See [[file:./dictionary.md#man-i][mán(i)]] for notes regarding the use of the different cases of this word. *** sólskin {{{phon(sɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3lskin2][sólskin]] 1. wn.n. sunshine 2. adj. sunny #+name: Noun declension of /sólskin/ #+caption: solskin-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinitr | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinit | | Dat. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskinum | sólskinitum | | Gen. | sólskins | sólskinits | sólskins | sólskinit | #+name: Adjective declension of /sólskin/ #+caption: solskin-adj-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-----------+-----------| | Sg.Nom. | sólskinn | sólskint | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskint | | Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum | | Gen. | sólskins | sólskins | | Pl.Nom. | sólskinar | sólskin | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskin | | Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum | | Gen. | sólskinar | sólskinn | *** sólskin(a) sv. {{{phon(ˈsɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#solskin][sólskin]] 1. to be sunny 2. to be a nice day Declensions: - infinitive :: sólskin - present participle :: sólskinand - past participle :: sólskinin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 3s | | sólskinar | sólskinir | sólskint | sólskinask | | 3p | | sólskinið | sólskinið | sólskinuð | sólskinask | This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl *** spell sn.n. {{{phon(ʃpelː)}}} 1. speech, saying | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | spell | spellit | spell | spellitr | | Acc. | spell | spellit | spell | spellit | | Dat. | spell | spellit | spellum | spellitum | | Gen. | spells | spellits | spells | spellit | *** stand(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃtɑnd)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#standa-A][standa]] 1. to stand, to be in an upright position, supported by the feet. #+html: ::: tip Example Ek standar hér. I stand here. #+html: ::: 2. to remain in a particular position or state 3. to endure or withstand something 4. to be situated or located #+html: ::: tip Example Húsit standar á háðin The house is/stands on the hill #+html: ::: 5. to take a position or stance on an issue Declensions: - infinitive :: stand - imperative :: stand - imperative passive voice :: standask - present participle :: standand - past participle :: standit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | standar | standir | standt | standumk | | 2s | | standar | standir | standt | standsk | | 3s | | standar | standir | standt | standisk | | 1p | | standum | standim | standum | standumk | | 2p | | standið | standið | standuð | standisk | | 3p | | standið | standið | standuð | standisk | *** stein sn.m. {{{phon(ʃtɑɪn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#steinn][steinn]] 1. stone, a small piece of rock 2. (metaphor) some thing or someone that is firm, resolute, or reliable; a solid base or support #+html: ::: tip Example Hann es steinn í vindin. He is a rock in the wind, i.e. he is steadfast, reliable #+html: ::: 3. something that impedes progress or makes a task more difficult #+html: ::: tip Example - Svá er stein í vegin mín That’s a stone in my path, i.e. it is an obstacle in my progress #+html: ::: *** stern(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ʃtern)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#stjarna][sterna]] 1. star | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | stern | sternat | sternn | sternatr | | Acc. | stern | sternat | stern | sternat | | Dat. | stern | sternat | sternum | sternatum | | Gen. | sterns | sternats | sterns | sternat | *** styrsamhald(i) sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]] (a holding together, unity). 1. military batallion 2. mitilary unit, group | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------| | Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr | | Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | | Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum | | Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit | *** sunn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(sunː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunna][sunna]] 1. the sun (general usage) 2. a sun (modern) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr | | Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit | | Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum | | Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit | The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, /Sunn/ is the sun, while /sunn/ is a sun. *** Sunsdag sn.m. {{{phon(sunsndaɣ)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunnudagr][sunnudagr]] 1. Sunday, first day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** svar(a) wv. {{{phon(sβar)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svara][svara]] 1. to reply, to answer Declensions: - infinitive :: svar - imperative :: svar - imperative passive voice :: svarask - present participle :: svarand - past participle :: svarit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarumk | | 2s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk | | 3s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk | | 1p | | svarum | svarim | svarum | svarumk | | 2p | | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk | | 3p | | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk | *** svart adj. {{{phon(sβɑrt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svartr][svartr]] 1. black | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | svartr | svartt | | Acc. | svart | svartt | | Dat. | svartum | svartum | | Gen. | svarts | svarts | | Pl.Nom. | svartar | svart | | Acc. | svart | svart | | Dat. | svartum | svartum | | Gen. | svartar | svartr | *** svá {{{phon(sβɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%A1-B][svá]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#þa][þá]] 1. conj. thus, therefore, then, consequently Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit than with /þá/. /Ef/ is only followed by /svá/, never /þá/. 2. adv. so, thus, thusly, this way #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek ger þett svá. I do it this way - Han talt svá mjúklig She spoke so softly #+html: ::: *** svín sn.n. {{{phon(sβèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%ADn][svín]] 1. a pig 2. someone who is excessively greedy, gluttonous, or self-indulgent; a person who consumes or desires more than they need 3. someone or something that is dirty, messy, or unkempt; a person or place characterised by disorder or filth 4. someone who is very stubborn, obstinate, or difficult to persuade; a person who refuses to change their mind or behaviour 5. a representation of indulgence, excess, or overabundance; a symbol of enjoying something to an extreme degree | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | svín | svínit | svín | svínitr | | Acc. | svín | svínit | svín | svínit | | Dat. | svín | svínit | svínum | svínitum | | Gen. | svíns | svínits | svíns | svínit | *** syst sn.f. {{{phon(syʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#systir][systir]] 1. sister | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | systr | systinn | systr | systinn | | Acc. | syst | systin | syst | systin | | Dat. | syst | systin | systum | systinum | | Gen. | systir | systins | systir | systin | ** T *** tak(a) sv. {{{phon(tɑk)}}} 1. to take, to seize 2. to capture (figuratively) Declensions: - infinitive :: tak - imperative :: tak - imperative passive voice :: takask - present participle :: takand - past participle :: takit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | takar | takir | takt | takumk | | 2s | | takar | takir | takt | taksk | | 3s | | takar | takir | takt | takask | | 1p | | takum | takim | takum | takumk | | 2p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask | | 3p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask | *** tal(a) **** Noun wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]] 1. number | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr | | Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat | | Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum | | Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat | **** Verb wv. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#tala2][tala]] 1. to talk, to speak With prepositions: - tal til :: to talk to someone - tal um :: to talk about - tal eftir :: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words - tal á málskipan :: to speak a language Declensions: - infinitive :: tal - imperative :: tal - imperative passive voice :: talask - present participle :: taland - past participle :: talin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | talar | talir | talt | talumk | | 2s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | | 3s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | | 1p | | talum | talim | talum | talumk | | 2p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | | 3p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | *** tarr(a) sv. {{{phon(tɑrː)}}} 1. to spread out Declensions: - infinitive :: tarr - imperative :: tarr - imperative passive voice :: tarrask - present participle :: tarrand - past participle :: tarrit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrumk | | 2s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrsk | | 3s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrisk | | 1p | | tarrum | tarrim | tarrum | tarrumk | | 2p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | | 3p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | *** til prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]] 1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively) **** til ná 1. adv. still *** Tíbet wn.n. {{{phon(ˈtèbet)}}}, borrowed from Danish /Tibet/ 1. Tibet | | Sg. | |------+--------| | Nom. | Tíbet | | Acc. | Tíbet | | Dat. | Tíbet | | Gen. | Tíbets | *** ton wn.m. {{{phon(ton)}}}, from Middle Low German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ton#Middle_Low_German][ton]] 1. tune, tone | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr | | Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit | | Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum | | Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit | *** tonlist wn.f. {{{phon(tonliʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ton][ton]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] 1. music See [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] for declensions. *** traust adj. {{{phon(trɔʊʃt)}}} 1. trusty, trustworthy, safe | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | traustr | traustt | | Acc. | traust | traustt | | Dat. | traustum | traustum | | Gen. | trausts | trausts | | Pl.Nom. | traustar | traust | | Acc. | traust | traust | | Dat. | traustum | traustum | | Gen. | traustar | traustr | *** tren wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]] 1. train | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr | | Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit | | Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum | | Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit | *** tung wn.f. {{{phon(tuŋ)}}} 1. tongue (spoken) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | tung | tungit | tungr | tungitr | | Acc. | tung | tungit | tung | tungit | | Dat. | tung | tungit | tungum | tungitum | | Gen. | tungs | tungits | tungs | tungit | *** týr in.m. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr][týr]] 1. god, divinity | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn | | Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin | | Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum | | Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin | *** Týr pn. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][Týr]] 1. the god Týr | | Sg. | |------+-----| | Nom. | Týr | | Acc. | Tý | | Dat. | Tív | | Gen. | Týs | *** Týsdag sn.m. {{{phon(tøsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][týsdagr]] 1. Tuesday, third day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. ** U *** um prep. {{{phon(um)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#um-acc-A][um]] 1. around 2. about 3. concerning (something) #+html: ::: tip Example Hann es mannin um talt ek þér He's the guy I spoke to you about | han-n | es | mann-in | um | tal-t | ek | þér | | 3sm-NOM | to.be.3sg.PRES | 1s.NOM | about | 2s.DAT | speak-1s.PST | about | #+html: ::: *** undir adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse][undir]] 1. under, underneath, below Can only be used with a dative noun phrase. #+html: ::: tip Example Bókinn er undir borðitum. | bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum | | book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N | The book is under the table #+html: ::: *** undirland sn.n. {{{phon(ˈundirˌland)}}}, calque of English “underground” using [[file:./dictionary.md#undir][undir]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] 1. underground, subway See also [[file:./dictionary.md#metr-o][metr(o)]] See [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] for declensions. *** universitet wn.n. {{{phon(oneˈβersetet)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t#German][Universität]] 1. university Alternative form: *oneversetet* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------| | Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr | | Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit | | Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum | | Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit | *** uppá prep. {{{phon(ˈuɸːə̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#upp%C3%A1][uppá]] 1. upon Alternative form: *offá* ** Ú *** úlf sn.m. {{{phon(òlv)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr][úlfr]] 1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/. Alternative form: *olv* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn | | Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin | | Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum | | Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin | ** V *** varm adj. {{{phon(βarm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#varmr][varmr]] 1. warm, hot | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | varmr | varmt | | Acc. | varm | varmt | | Dat. | varmum | varmum | | Gen. | varms | varms | | Pl.Nom. | varmar | varm | | Acc. | varm | varm | | Dat. | varmum | varmum | | Gen. | varmar | varmr | *** varn(a) sv. {{{phon(βɑrn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#varna][varna]] 1. warn off When used as /to warn about smth/, /varn/ uses /að/. Declensions: - infinitive :: varn - imperative :: varn - imperative passive voice :: varnask - present participle :: varnand - past participle :: varnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnumk | | 2s | | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnðisk | | 3s | | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnðisk | | 1p | | varnum | varnim | varnum | varnumk | | 2p | | varnið | varnið | varnuð | varnðisk | | 3p | | varnið | varnið | varnuð | varnðisk | *** varnað sn.m. {{{phon(βɑrnɑð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#varn-a][varn(a)]] 1. warning, caution 2. advisory 3. alert | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | varnaðr | varnaðinn | varnaðr | varnaðinn | | Acc. | varnað | varnaðin | varnað | varnaðin | | Dat. | varnað | varnaðin | varnaðum | varnaðinum | | Gen. | varnaðar | varnaðins | varnaðar | varnaðin | *** varp sn.n. {{{phon(βarp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#verp-a][verp]] 1. casting, throwing 2. projection 3. /colloquial/ a movie projection | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | varp | varpit | varp | varpitr | | Acc. | varp | varpit | varp | varpit | | Dat. | varp | varpit | varpum | varpitum | | Gen. | varps | varpits | varps | varpit | *** vatn sn.n. {{{phon(βatn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vatn-A][vatn]] 1. water 2. lake 3. a fluid or adaptable situation 4. a deep, profound feeling or sensation #+html: ::: tip Example Ástinn mínn er djúpt vatn My love is deep water, i.e. profound and intense #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | vatn | vatnit | vatn | vatnitr | | Acc. | vatn | vatnit | vatn | vatnit | | Dat. | vatn | vatnit | vatnum | vatnitum | | Gen. | vatns | vatnits | vatns | vatnit | *** váð wn.m. {{{phon(βɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1%C3%B0i][váði]] 1. danger, peril 2. hazard, risk 3. threat, eg. /he is a threat to society/. 4. warning, caution, eg. /beware of dogs!/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | váð | váðit | váðr | váðitr | | Acc. | váð | váðit | váð | váðit | | Dat. | váð | váðit | váðum | váðitum | | Gen. | váðs | váðits | váðs | váðit | *** ván sn.f. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1n][ván]] 1. hope 2. wish Alternative form: *vén* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn | | Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin | | Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum | | Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin | *** ván(a) iv. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1na][vána]] 1. to hope 2. to wish for Uses a dative for its second argument. Alternative form: *vén(a)* Declensions: - infinitive :: ván - imperative :: ván - imperative passive voice :: vánask - present participle :: vánand - past participle :: vánit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------+--------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk | | 2s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | | 3s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | | 1p | | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk | | 2p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | | 3p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | *** vef sm.n. {{{phon(βef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vefr][vefr]] 1. web (spiders’) 2. web (textile) 3. (definite only) the WorldWideWeb, the Internet | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vefr | vefinn | vefr | vefinn | | Acc. | vef | vefin | vef | vefin | | Dat. | vef | vefin | vefum | vefinum | | Gen. | vefar | vefins | vefar | vefin | *** vefsíð wf.n. {{{phon(ˈβefˌsèð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#vef][vef]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sið-a][síð(a)]] 1. website | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíðr | vefsíðatr | | Acc. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíð | vefsíðat | | Dat. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíðum | vefsíðatum | | Gen. | vefsíðs | vefsíðats | vefsíðs | vefsíðat | *** veg sn.m. {{{phon(βeɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vegr][vegr]] 1. path, way | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vegr {{{phon(βeɡr̩)}}} | veginn | vegr | veginn | | Acc. | veg {{{phon(βeɣ)}}} | vegin | veg | vegin | | Dat. | veg {{{phon(βej)}}} | vegin | vegum | veginum | | Gen. | vegar {{{phon(βejɑr)}}} | vegins | vegar | vegin | *** veisheit wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Weisheit#German][Weisheit]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#visk-a][visk(a)]] 1. knowledge or wisdom 2. insight | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitr | veisheititr | | Acc. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheit | veisheitit | | Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum | | Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit | *** ver(a) iv. {{{phon(βer)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vera#Old_Norse][vera]] 1. to be 2. active auxilliary Declensions: - infinitive :: ver - imperative :: ves - present participle :: verand - past participle :: vest | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past | |----+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 1s | em | sé | vas | vár | | 2s | est/ert | sér | vast | vár | | 3s | es/er | sé | vas | vár | | 1p | er | sé | var | vár | | 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið | | 3p | er | sé | var | vár | The distinction between /est/ or /ert/ and /es/ or /er/ is purely based on the dialect one speaks. In general, the /est/ and /es/ form is preferred in Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while /ert/ and /er/ is preferred everywhere else. *** verk sn.n. {{{phon(βerk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verk][verk]] 1. work, the activities or tasks performed as part of one’s job or occupation 2. business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity 3. project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a series of tasks or activities aimed at achieving a specific goal 4. a large or complex task or assignment 5. a collaborative effort involving multiple participants | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | verk | verkit | verk | verkitr | | Acc. | verk | verkit | verk | verkit | | Dat. | verk | verkit | verkum | verkitum | | Gen. | verks | verkits | verks | verkit | *** verp(a) sv. {{{phon(βerp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verpa][verpa]] 1. to throw 2. to cast (e.g. a movie) Declensions: - infinitive :: verp - imperative :: verp - imperative passive voice :: verpask - present participle :: verpand - past participle :: verpit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpumk | | 2s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | | 3s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | | 1p | | verpum | verpim | verpum | verpumk | | 2p | | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask | | 3p | | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask | *** vest adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr]] 1. West, westward *** vél sn.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]] 1. machine, craft | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn | | Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin | | Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum | | Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin | *** vétal(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɛ̀tal)}}}, portemanteau of [[file:./dictionary.md#vel][vél]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] 1. computer See [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] for declensions. *** vik(a) wn.f. {{{phon(βik)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vika-B][vika]] 1. a week | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vik | vikat | vikr | vikatr | | Acc. | vik | vikat | vik | vikat | | Dat. | vik | vikat | vikum | vikatum | | Gen. | viks | vikats | viks | vikat | **** Days of the week 1. [[file:./dictionary.md#sunsdag][Sunsdag]] 2. [[file:./dictionary.md#mansdag][Mánsdag]] 3. [[file:./dictionary.md#tysdag][Týsdag]] 4. [[file:./dictionary.md#oðinsdag][Óðinsdag]] 5. [[file:./dictionary.md#þorsdag][Þórsdag]] 6. [[file:./dictionary.md#fridag][Frídag]] 7. [[file:./dictionary.md#laurdag][Laurdag]] *** vilja iv. {{{phon(βiʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vilja][vilja]] 1. to want, to wish Declensions: - infinitive :: vilja - imperative :: vilja - imperative passive voice :: viljask - present participle :: viljand - past participle :: viljit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk | | 2s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | | 3s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | | 1p | | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk | | 2p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | | 3p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | *** vin sn.m. {{{phon(βin)}}} 1. friend | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vinn | vininn | vinn | vininn | | Acc. | vin | vinin | vin | vinin | | Dat. | vin | vinin | vinum | vininum | | Gen. | vinar | vinins | vinar | vinin | *** vinbú wn.m. {{{phon(ˈβinˌbò)}}} 1. pet 2. roommate (derogatory) For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]]. *** vind sn.m. {{{phon(βind)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vindr2][vindr]] 1. wind, the percepIble natural movement of the air, especially outdoors 2. something that drives or influences change, progress, or movement; an unpredictable or dynamic force #+html: ::: tip Example Hann er vindin aptr nemum mínum He is the wind behind my studies, i.e. he is the reason my studies go on #+html: ::: 3. information or news that spreads quickly and widely, often through infomal cannels; rumours or gossips #+html: ::: tip Example - Vindinn er sandr eig The rumors are not true - Han hlert vindin um svá She heard the rumours about that #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | vindr | vindinn | vindr | vindinn | | Acc. | vind | vindin | vind | vindin | | Dat. | vind | vindin | vindum | vindinum | | Gen. | vindar | vindins | vindar | vindin | *** vindker wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβind.ˌker)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#ker][ker]] 1. sky, litt /wind bassin/ 2. atmosphere For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ker][ker]]. *** vindaug(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβindˌɔ̀j)}}}, from [[file:dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#aug-a][aug(a)]] 1. window | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugatr | | Acc. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugat | | Dat. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaugum | vindaugatum | | Gen. | vindaugas | vindaugats | vindaugas | vindaugat | *** vit interj. {{{phon(βit)}}} 1. question marker, see [[file:./grammar.md#yes-no-questions][yes/no questions]], probably from an inuit dialect. *** visk(a) wn.f. {{{phon(βiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vizka][vizka]] 1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience See [[file:./dictionary.md#veisheit][veisheit]] for a more general term for /wisdow/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | visk | viskit | viskr | viskitr | | Acc. | visk | viskit | visk | viskit | | Dat. | visk | viskit | viskum | viskitum | | Gen. | visks | viskits | visks | viskit | ** Y *** ynnlig {{{phon(ynːliɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/y.php#ynniliga][ynniliga]] 1. adv. cutely, lovely, adorably 2. adj. cute, lovely, adorably #+name: ynnlig-adjective-declension #+caption: Declension of /ynnlig/ as an adjective | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | ynnligr | ynnligt | | Acc. | ynnlig | ynnligt | | Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum | | Gen. | ynnligs | ynnligs | | Pl.Nom. | ynnligar | ynnlig | | Acc. | ynnlig | ynnlig | | Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum | | Gen. | ynnligar | ynnligr | ** Ý ** Z ** Ø ** Œ *** Œgir pn. {{{phon(ˈœjer)}}} 1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords. Alternative form: *Œjer* ** Đ ** Þ *** þá conj. {{{phon(θɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%A1][þá]] 1. then, temporal continuity or implied consequence 2. plural accusative form of [[file:./dictionary.md#sa][sá]] #+html: ::: tip Example Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin He came home, then closed and locked the door #+html: ::: *** þegar {{{phon(θejar)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEegar][þegar]] 1. adv. already, at once 2. conj. when *** þess(i) pron. {{{phon(θesː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEessi][þessi]] 1. this See also [[file:./dictionary.md#sa][sá]] *** Þór pn.m. {{{phon(θɔr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rr-A][Þórr]] 1. Thor | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | Þórr | | Acc. | Þór | | Dat. | Þór | | Gen. | Þórs | *** Þórsdag sn.m. {{{phon(θɔrsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rsdagr][þórsdagr]] 1. Thursday, fifth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** því adv. {{{phon(θwe)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEv%C3%AD][því]] 1. because * Notes :noexport: ** Declension templates *** Nouns | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | | | | | | Acc. | | | | | | Dat. | | | | | | Gen. | | | | | *** Adjectives | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | | | | Acc. | | | | Dat. | | | | Gen. | | | | Pl.Nom. | | | | Acc. | | | | Dat. | | | | Gen. | | | *** Verbs Declensions: - infinitive :: - imperative :: - imperative passive voice :: - present participle :: - past participle :: | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | | | | | | 2s | | | | | | | 3s | | | | | | | 1p | | | | | | | 2p | | | | | | | 3p | | | | | | ** Numbers - einn - tveir - þrír / þrer - férir - femm - sex - se - átt / étt - ní / ne - tí / te