#+setupfile: ../headers * Dictionary Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind: - acc :: accusative - adj :: adjective - adv :: adverb - art :: article - aux :: auxiliary - c :: common - comp :: comparative - conj :: conjunction - Dan :: Danish - dat :: dative - def :: definite - Eng :: English - EON :: Early Old Norse - f :: feminine - gen :: genitive - Ger :: German - imp :: imperative - in :: irregular noun - ind :: indicative - interr :: interrogative - iv :: irregular verb - m :: masculine - mass :: mass noun - ME :: Middle Eittlandic - n :: neuter - neg :: negative - nom :: nominal - Nor :: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified) - num :: numeral - OE :: Old Eittlandic - OI :: Old Icelandic - ON :: Old Norse - pas :: passive - pl :: plural - pn :: proper noun - prep :: preposition - pret :: preterite - pron :: pronoun - sg :: singular - sn :: strong noun - stg :: strong - sv :: strong verb - Swe :: Swedish - wk :: weak - wn :: weak noun - wv :: weak verb Note that when a word is marked solely as /masculine/, /feminine/ or /neutral/, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as /adj./ should be added, for instance /f.adj./ for a feminine adjective. All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects. All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the /ru/ part of the dat.pl. declention, going from /férum/ to /fém/, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form. Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, /dag/ can represent three forms of the word: /dagr/, /dag/ and /daga/ (the /-r/ and /-a/ are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced {{{phon(daɣ)}}} while the other two are pronounced {{{phon(daj)}}}. They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as /dagr/. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as /dagr/ in Standard Eittlandic, only as /dag/. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, /dagr/ becomes /dagann/ due to the underlying /-a/ in its accusative form /dag(a)/ while /fiskr/ becomes /fiskinn/ (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table. ** A *** aug(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ɔ̀j)}}} 1. eye Alternative form: *ój* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | aug | augat | aug | augatr | | Acc. | aug | augat | aug | augat | | Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum | | Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat | ** Á *** ábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]] 1. bed covering, cover, bedspread 2. any kind of cloth used for beds Alternative form: *ébreið(a)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr | | Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit | | Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum | | Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit | *** áng interj. {{{phon(ɛŋ)}}} 1. positive counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar Alternative form: *éng* This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut /aang/ and Proto-Eskimoan /*aa/ or /*ii/. ** B *** borð sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}} 1. table 2. large plank | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr | | Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit | | Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum | | Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit | *** borg sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]] 1. city | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn | | Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin | | Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum | | Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin | *** bræð sn.m. {{{phon(brɛð)}}} Alternative form: *bréð* See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]] *** bróð(i) sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]] 1. brother, plural /bræð/ Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bræðir/ which got re-analyzed into /bræð/ + /-ir/. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bræðr | bræðinn | | Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bræð | bræðin | | Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bræðir | bræðinum | | Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bræðum | bræðin | *** bók(a) sn.f. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]] 1. book, plural /bøk/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann | | Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan | | Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum | | Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan | *** bøk sn.f. {{{phon(bø̀k)}}} See [[file:dictionary.md#bok(r)][/bók/]] ** C ** D *** dag sn.m. {{{phon(daɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dagr][dagr]] 1. natural day 2. day (unit of time), 24 hours 3. í dag: today 4. week day | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dagr {{{phon(daɡr̩)}}} | daginn | dagr | daginn | | Acc. | dag {{{phon(daɣ)}}} | dagin | dag | dagin | | Dat. | dag {{{phon(daj)}}} | dagin | dagum | daginum | | Gen. | dagar {{{phon(dajar)}}} | dagins | dagar | dagin | Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of /dag/ ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced. *** djúp adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr][djúpr]] 1. deep 2. profound (figuratively) Alternative form: *djóp* *** djúplig adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]]) 1. deeply 2. inherently Alternative form: *djópleg* *** dótt(i) sn.f. {{{phon(dɔ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]] 1. daughter | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | dóttr | dóttinn | dœttr | dœttinn | | Acc. | dótt | dóttin | dœtt | dœttin | | Dat. | dótt | dóttin | dœttum | dœttinum | | Gen. | dóttir | dóttins | dœttar | dœttin | *** dýn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDna][dýna]] 1. mattress | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr | | Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat | | Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum | | Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat | *** dýnsábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀nsɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] 1. blanket Alternative form: *dønsébreið(a)* See [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] for declensions. *** dýnskláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈdø̀nsˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]]. 1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes” Alternative form: *dǿnskléð* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions. *** dœtt(i) sn.f. {{{phon(dœ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]] Plural of [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-i][dótt(i)]]. ** E *** edd(a) wn.f. {{{phon(e:ðː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#edda][edda]] 1. great grandmother 2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann | | Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan | | Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum | | Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan | *** ef adv. {{{phon(ef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ef-B][ef]] 1. if, in case, in case that Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it. *** Eittland sn.n. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#land][land]] 1. High Kingdom of Eittland 2. island of Eittland | | Sg. | |------+-----------| | Nom. | Eittland | | Acc. | Eittland | | Dat. | Eittland | | Gen. | Eittlands | *** ell(a) {{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]] 1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise 2. (conj.) or *** epil wn.n. {{{phon(ˈepel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#epli][epli]] 1. apple | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr | | Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit | | Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum | | Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit | *** enn adv. {{{phon(enː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#enn5][enn]] 1. yet 2. still *** et(a) iv. {{{phon(et)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eta][eta]] 1. to eat 2. to consume 3. to burn fuel (generally fire) Declensions: - infinitive :: et - imperative :: et - imperative passive voice :: etask - present participle :: etand - past participle :: etat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | etar | etir | át | etumk | | 2s | | etar | etir | át | esk | | 3s | | etar | etir | át | esk | | 1p | | etum | etim | átum | etimk | | 2p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | | 3p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | ** É ** F *** fað(i) sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][faðir]] 1. father, plural /feð/ Re-analysis of sg. /fadir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively, each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to /-r/). | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn | | Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin | | Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum | | Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin | *** far(a) iv. {{{phon(far)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]] 1. to go Declensions: - infinitive :: far - imperative :: far - imperative passive voice :: farsk - present participle :: farand - past participle :: farit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk | | 2s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | | 3s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | | 1p | | farum | farim | farum | farumk | | 2p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask | | 3p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask | *** feð sn.m. {{{phon(feð)}}} See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]] *** ferð sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]] 1. fjord, bay *** fé in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]] 1. wealth | | Singular | Plural | |------+----------+--------| | Nom. | fé | fé | | Acc. | fé | fé | | Dat. | fé | fém | | Gen. | fés | fés | *** fisk sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr]] 1. fish | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn | | Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin | | Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum | | Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin | *** Frídag sn.m. {{{phon(frèdaɣ)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#frj%C3%A1dagr][fríadagr]] 1. Friday, sixth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** fylgj(a) wv. {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fylgja2][fylgja]] 1. to follow 2. to stand with (metaphorically) Declensions: - infinitive :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}} - imperative :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}} - imperative passive voice :: fylgjask - present participle :: fylgjand - past participle :: fylgjat | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | | 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | | 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | | 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | | 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | | 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | ** G *** gauð wn.f. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/) 1. a quarrel 2. a heated debate /(informal)/ Alternative form: *jauð* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr | | Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit | | Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum | | Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit | *** gauð(a) wv. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from Eittlandic [[file:./dictionary.md#gauð][gauð]] 1. to have a quarrel 2. to argue, have a heated debate /(informal)/ Alternative form: *jauð* Declensions: - infinitive :: gauð - imperative :: gauð - imperative passive voice :: gauðask - present participle :: gauðand - past participle :: gauðin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk | | 2s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | | 3s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | | 1p | | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk | | 2p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | | 3p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | *** gef sn.f. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gjef]] 1. gift, present Alternative form: *jev* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn | | Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin | | Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum | | Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin | *** gegn adv. {{{phon(jeɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegn#Old_Norse][gegn]] 1. against, opposing Alternative form: *jegn* *** ger(a) iv. {{{phon(jer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B6ra][göra]] 1. to do, to make 2. to act Unlike its English counterpart /to do/, the Eittlandic verb /ger(a)/ is not a modal verb. Declensions: - infinitive :: ger - imperative :: ger - imperative passive voice :: gerask - present participle :: gerand - past participle :: gerð | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk | | 2s | | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk | | 3s | | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk | | 1p | | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk | | 2p | | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk | | 3p | | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk | *** gleym(a) sv. {{{phon(ɡløʏm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gleyma][gleyma]] 1. to forget Alternative form: *gløym* Declensions: - infinitive :: gleym - imperative :: gleym - imperative passive voice :: gleymsk - present participle :: gleymand - past participle :: gleymit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk | | 2s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | | 3s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | | 1p | | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk | | 2p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | | 3p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | The verb /gleym/ takes a dative instead of an accusative. #+html: ::: tip Example 1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum | ek | gleym-r | opt | lykill-inum | | 1s.NOM | forget-1s.PRES | often | key-pl.DAT.DEF. | I often forget the keys 2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin | hann | haft | gleymt | at | far | til | borg-in | | 3s.m.NOM | have.3s.PST | forget.3s.PST | to.DAT | go.INF | to | city-sg.DAT.DEF | He forgot to go to the city. #+html: ::: *** goð sn.n. {{{phon(joð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#go%C3%B0-A-IV-2][goð]] 1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr | | Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit | | Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum | | Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit | *** grað(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ɡrað)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus#Latin][gradus]] 1. degree (general) 2. degree (scholar) 3. degree (geometry) 4. degree (temperature) 5. grade (scholar) 6. military rank | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr | | Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat | | Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum | | Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat | ** H *** hav(a) iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]] 1. to have 2. stative auxilliary Declensions: - infinitive :: hav - imperative :: hav (except 2p /haft/) - imperative passive voice :: hafsk (except 1p /havumsk/) - present participle :: havand - past participle :: hafr | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------| | 1s | hav | hav | haft | haft | | 2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir | | 3s | havir | hav | haft | haft | | 1p | havum | havim | haft | haft | | 2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið | | 3p | hav | hav | haft | haft | Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice. | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |---+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------| | 1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk | | 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | | 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | *** hávuð in.n. {{{phon(hɛ̀βoð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6fu%C3%B0-A][hǫfuð]] 1. head (body) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+----------| | Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr | | Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit | | Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum | | Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit | *** háðsdýn wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávuð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] 1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress” See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions. *** heils(a) wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]] 1. health | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr | | Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat | | Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum | | Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat | *** historja wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]] 1. history | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr | | Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat | | Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum | | Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat | *** hjól sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]] 1. wheel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr | | Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit | | Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum | | Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit | *** hler(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]] 1. to hear 2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly) Declensions: - infinitive :: hler - imperative :: hler - imperative passive voice :: hlerask (except 1p /hlerumk/) - present participle :: hlerand - past participle :: hlerit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk | | 2s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | | 3s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | | 1p | | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk | | 2p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | | 3p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/ if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See [[file:./dictionary.md#hlust-a][hlust(a)]]. *** hleð sn.n. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from EON /hleða/, see ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0][hljóð]] 1. sound, noise, thing heard 2. unintelligible speech or conversation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr | | Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit | | Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum | | Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit | *** hleð(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hleð][hleð]] 1. to make a noise 2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train) Declensions: - infinitive :: hleð - imperative :: hleð - imperative passive voice :: hleðsk - present participle :: hleðand - past participle :: hleðat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk | | 2s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | | 3s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | | 1p | | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk | | 2p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | | 3p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | *** hlóð wn.n. {{{phon(l̥ɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hl%C3%B3%C3%B0][hlóð]] 1. hearth 2. living room | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr | | Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit | | Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum | | Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit | *** hlust(a) wv. {{{phon(ɬuʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlusta][hlusta]] 1. to listen to Declensions: - infinitive :: hlust - imperative :: hlust - imperative passive voice :: hlustask (except 1p /hlustumk/) - present participle :: hlustand - past participle :: hlustit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+-----------| | 1s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk | | 2s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | | 3s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | | 1p | | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk | | 2p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | | 3p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/ if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See #+html: ::: tip Example 1. Han hlustr henn He’s listening to her 2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek? Are you listening to what I am saying? 3. Vér hlustum eigi We did not listen #+html: ::: *** hneis(a) wn.f. {{{phon(n̥ɑ:ɪs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hneisa][hneisa]] 1. shame, disgrace, fear 2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear) 3. social isolation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr | | Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat | | Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum | | Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat | *** hneising wn.n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}} 1. hermit 2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr | | Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit | | Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum | | Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit | *** hnjós(a) sv. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hnj%C3%B3sa][hnjósa]] 1. to sneeze Declensions: - infinitive :: hnjós - imperative :: hnjós - imperative passive voice :: hnjósask - present participle :: hnjósand - past participle :: hnjósit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk | | 2s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | | 3s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | | 1p | | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk | | 2p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | | 3p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | *** hrifs wn.n. {{{phon(r̥ivs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]] 1. assault, mugging Alternative form: *hrivs* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr | | Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit | | Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum | | Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit | *** hug(a) sv. {{{phon(huj)}}} 1. to mind, to think 2. to dwell on 3. to meditate Declensions: - infinitive :: hug - imperative :: hug - imperative passive voice :: hugask - present participle :: hugand - past participle :: hugit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk | | 2s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | | 3s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | | 1p | | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk | | 2p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | | 3p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | *** hugaleið(a) wv. {{{phon(ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hug-a][hug(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#leið-a][leið(a)]] 1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically 2. officiate a religious event Declensions: - infinitive :: hugaleið - imperative :: hugaleið - imperative passive voice :: hugaleiðask - present participhugale :: hugaleiðand - past participhugale :: hugaleiðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------------+--------------| | 1s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk | | 2s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | | 3s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | | 1p | | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk | | 2p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | | 3p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | *** hvar pron. {{{phon(ʍar)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvar#Old_Norse][hvar]] 1. where Always in the dative case. *** hvat adv. {{{phon(ʍɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvat#Old_Norse][hvat]] 1. what | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | hvat | | Acc. | hvat | | Dat. | hvat | | Gen. | hves | *** hver pron. {{{phon(ʍer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hverr2-A][hverr]] 1. which, who 2. every, every one, each | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | hver | | Acc. | hven | | Dat. | hvem | | Gen. | hves | When used in its /every/ meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while /hver/ bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns. #+html: ::: Example - Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han You’re listening to everything he/she says - Hver át epil mín? Who / which one of you ate my apple? #+html: ::: *** hversdag {{{phon(hversdaj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and *** hví adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]] 1. why Alternative form: *hve* *** hvíl(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADla2][hvíla]] 1. bedroom 2. family bed (dated) Alternative form: *hvel(a)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr | | Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat | | Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum | | Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat | *** hvílskláð(i) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈʍèlskˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hvil-a][hvíl]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð]] 1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes Alternative form: *hvelskléð(i)* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions. *** hvít adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr][hvítr]] 1. white ** I *** ikkí interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}} 1. How cold! Brr! From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic /ikkii/. ** Í ** J *** jak wn.n. {{{phon(jak)}}}, from Tibetan [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%82#Tibetan][yak (གཡག)]]. 1. yak | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | yak | yakit | yakr | yakitr | | Acc. | yak | yakit | yak | yakit | | Dat. | yak | yakit | yakum | yakitum | | Gen. | yaks | yakits | yaks | yakit | *** já - jé {{{phon(jɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%A1#Old_Norse][já]] 1. (adv) yes 2. (interj) yes (as an exclamation of joy) ** K *** kaup wn.n. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaup][kaup]] 1. commerce 2. bargain, barter Alternative form: *kóp* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr | | Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit | | Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum | | Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit | *** kann iv.mod. {{{phon(kanː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kunna-A][kunna]] 1. can 2. to be able to Note that, as a modal verb, /kann/ is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods Declensions: - infinitive :: kann | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. | |--------+---+------------+----------------------| | 1s | | kann | kunn | | 2s | | kannt | kunn | | 3s | | kann | kunn | | 1p | | kannum | kunnim | | 2p | | kannuð | kunnið | | 3p | | kann | kunn | *** káppok adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀ɸːok)}}}, from Greenlandic /kaappoq/ 1. peckish, a little hungry Alternative form: *kéffok* *** kék adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}} 1. gray (hair colour) Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic /qeeq/ *** kláð(a) sv. {{{phon(klɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0a][kláða]] 1. to clothe 2. to drape something 3. to put cloth or clothes over something Declensions: - infinitive :: kláð - imperative :: kláð - imperative passive voice :: kláðask - present participle :: kláðand - past participle :: klánit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk | | 2s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | | 3s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | | 1p | | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk | | 2p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | | 3p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek kláðr ná mik I’m dressing up - Þú kláðt sáingin You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed #+html: ::: *** kláð(i) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈklɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0i-I][klæði]] 1. cloth 2. thing that covers 3. (pl) clothes | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr | | Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit | | Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum | | Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit | *** kom(a) iv. {{{phon(kom)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koma#Old_Norse][koma]] 1. to come Declensions: - infinitive :: kom - imperative :: kom - imperative passive voice :: komask - present participle :: komand - past participle :: kominn | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk | | 2s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | | 3s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | | 1p | | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk | | 2p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | | 3p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | *** Konung sn.m. {{{phon(ˈkonoŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/konungr#Old_Norse][konungr]] 1. king Alternative form: *Konong* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn | | Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin | | Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum | | Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin | *** konunɡliɡ {{{phon(konoŋlej)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] and suffix /-lig/. 1. adv. royaly 2. adj. royal Alternative form: *kononglej* *** kúr(a) sv. {{{phon(kòr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BAra][kúra]] 1. to nap (not in a bed or a [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]]) Alternative form: *kor(a)* Declensions: - infinitive :: kúr - imperative :: kúr - imperative passive voice :: kúrask - present participle :: kúrand - past participle :: kúrit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk | | 2s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | | 3s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | | 1p | | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk | | 2p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | | 3p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | ** L *** land sn.n. {{{phon(land)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse][land]] 1. land 2. country | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr | | Acc. | land | landit | land | landit | | Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum | | Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit | *** Laurdag sn.m. {{{phon(lɔrdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#laug-IV][laugardagr]] 1. Saturday, seventh day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** leið(a) wv. {{{phon(lɑːɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lei%C3%B0a][leiða]] 1. to lead, to show the way 2. to drive (large transportation vehicles) Declensions: - infinitive :: leið - imperative :: leið - imperative passive voice :: leiðask - present participle :: leiðand - past participle :: leiðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |--------+---+----------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk | | 2s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | | 3s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | | 1p | | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk | | 2p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | | 3p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | *** list wn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#list][list]] 1. art, craft 2. skill | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | list | listit | listr | listitr | | Acc. | list | listit | list | listit | | Dat. | list | listit | listum | listitum | | Gen. | lists | listits | lists | listit | *** les(a) sv. {{{phon(les)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lesa-II][lesa]] 1. to read Declensions: - infinitive :: les - imperative :: les - imperative passive voice :: lesask - present participle :: lesand - past participle :: lesit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk | | 2s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | | 3s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | | 1p | | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk | | 2p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | | 3p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | *** líf sn.n. {{{phon(lèv)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADf][líf]] 1. life 2. spirit, soul Alternative form: *lef* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr | | Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit | | Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum | | Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit | **** hav líf 1. to be energetic 2. to be enthusiastic, positive *** lífsván sn.f. {{{phon(ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#lif][líf]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#van][ván]] 1. raison d’être 2. life hope 3. vocation, calling, mission Alternative form: *lefsvén* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | | Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin | | Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum | | Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin | *** lík(a) {{{phon(lèk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADka][líka]] 1. (wv) to like 2. (adv) like, similar to 3. (adv) also - infinitive :: lík - imperative :: lík - imperative passive voice :: lekask - present participle :: lekand - past participle :: lekit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk | | 2s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | | 3s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | | 1p | | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk | | 2p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | | 3p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | *** lít(a) sv. {{{phon(lèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADta][líta]] 1. to look at, to behold, to see Declensions: - infinitive :: lít - imperative :: lít - imperative passive voice :: lítask - present participle :: lítand - past participle :: lítit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk | | 2s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | | 3s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | | 1p | | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk | | 2p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | | 3p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case. #+html: ::: tip Example Han lítt í húsit sín. She looked at her house. | han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín | | 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN | #+html: ::: *** lykil wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]] 1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…) 2. musical key | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr | | Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit | | Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum | | Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit | ** M *** man in.m. {{{phon(mɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#ma%C3%B0r][maðr]] 1. man 2. person 3. (colloquial) dude | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | maðr | maðinn | meðr | meðinn | | Acc. | mann | mannin | menn | mennin | | Dat. | mann | mannin | mennum | menninum | | Gen. | manns | mannins | menns | mennin | *** man(u) iv. {{{phon(mun)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munu][munu]] 1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall Declensions: - infinitive :: man - imperative :: mun - present participle :: munand | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | man | mynir | mynd | munumk | | 2s | | man | mynir | mynd | munask | | 3s | | man | mynir | mynd | munask | | 1p | | munum | mynim | myndum | munumk | | 2p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | munask | | 3p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | munask | *** mastergrað(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈmaʃterˌɡrað)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/master#English][Master]] and Middle Eittlandic /graða/ (see [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]]) 1. Master's degree See [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]] for declensions. *** maðr Nominative of [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] *** mál(a) wv. {{{phon(mɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] 1. to measure 2. to determine a size or a quantity 3. to estimate Declensions: - infinitive :: mæl - imperative :: mæl - imperative passive voice :: málask - present participle :: máland - past participle :: málin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | málar | málir | mált | málumk | | 2s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk | | 3s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk | | 1p | | málum | málim | málum | málumk | | 2p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | | 3p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | *** málskipan sn.f. {{{phon(ˈmɛ̀lˌʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] and OE [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]] 1. language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…) For its declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]]. *** mán(i) wn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1ni][máni]] 1. the moon 2. a moon | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | mán | máninn | mánn | | | Acc. | mán | mánin | mán | | | Dat. | mán | mánin | mánum | | | Gen. | máns | mánins | máns | | Like [[file:./dictionary.md#sunn-a][sunn]], the definite and plural form of /mán/ are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, /Mán/ tends to more often means /the moon/. In written Eittlandic, /mán/ generally means /a moon/, while /Mán/ generally means /the (Earth’s) moon/. *** Mánsdag sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀nsdaɣ)}}} from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1nadagr][mánadagr]] 1. Monday, second day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** mat sn.m. {{{phon(mat)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#matr][matr]] 1. food, meat (uncountable) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn | | Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin | | Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum | | Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin | While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat. #+html: ::: tip Example - Han lítar í matin She takes a look at the food - Han lítar í matinum She takes a look at the different types of food #+html: ::: *** metr(o) wn.n. {{{phon(metr)}}}, from French “métro” 1. subway, underground | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr | | Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot | | Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum | | Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#undirland][undirland]] *** með adv. {{{phon(með)}}} 1. with 2. prefix with, co-smth. See *** Meðkonung sn.m. {{{phon(meðˈkonoŋ)}}}, see [[file:./dictionary.md#með][með]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] 1. Co-King Alternative form: *Meðkonong* See [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][Konung]] for declension. *** mið adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][miðr]] 1. middle (physically and temporaly) 2. midways *** myrgun in.m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡun)}}}, {{{phon(mʏʁːʊn)}}} in some dialects, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]] 1. morning, aurora In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann | | Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan | | Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum | | Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan | ** N *** ná adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]] 1. now #+html: ::: tip Example Ná kømar ek frá universitetit. I come from the university now. #+html: ::: 2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kømar frá universitetit ná! - I come from the university (you know) or - (I’ll have you know) I come from the university! #+html: ::: 3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kømar ná frá universitetit. I’m coming from the university. #+html: ::: Alternative form: *né* *** náng interj. {{{phon(nɛŋ)}}} 1. negative counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar Alternative form: *néng* This word does not have a clear origin, however it is supposed it was borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare Aleut /nangaa/ and Proto-Eskimoan /*nanka/, and Western Greenlandic /naagga/. *** nei {{{phon(nɑɪ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nei#Old_Norse][nei]] 1. (adv.) no 2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret *** norvegsúlf sn.m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]] 1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf. Alternative form: *norvejsólv* Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/ (genitive of /Noregr/, /Norway/) and /úlfr/. For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ulf][úlf]]. ** O *** opt adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]] 1. often Alternative form: *oft* ** Ó *** Óðin pn. {{{phon(ɔðen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0inn][Óðinn]] 1. Odin | | Sg. | |------+-------| | Nom. | Óðinn | | Acc. | Óðin | | Dat. | Óðin | | Gen. | Óðins | *** Óðinsdag sn.m. {{{phon(ɔðensdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0insdagr][óðinsdagr]] 1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** óglað adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3gla%C3%B0r][óglaðr]] 1. very sad, depressed, miserable Alternative form: *ógjœð* *** óss sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]] 1. river mouth 2. fjord mouth | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn | | Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin | | Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum | | Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin | ** P *** pengvin wn.n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]] 1. penguin Alternative form: *pengven* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinn | pengvinitr | | Acc. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvin | pengvinit | | Dat. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinum | pengvinitum | | Gen. | pengvins | pengvinits | pengvins | pengvinit | *** pos(i) wn.n. {{{phon(pos)}}}, probably from Greenlandic /puisi/ 1. posi, Eittlandic seal Alternative form: *pos(e)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr | | Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit | | Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum | | Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit | ** R *** ráðuneyt(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]] 1. Ministry 2. department Alternative form: *réðoneyt* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr | | Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | | Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum | | Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit | *** rekkja (noun) wn.f. {{{phon(rekxə)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rekkja][rekkja]] 1. nap, siesta 2. makeshift bed, napping bed 3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers' workplaces. This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn | | Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat | | Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum | | Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat | *** rekkja (verb) wv. {{{phon(rexː)}}}, from ON 1. to nap in a bed Declensions: - infinitive :: rekkja - imperative :: rekkja - imperative passive voice :: rekkjask - present participle :: rekkjand - past participle :: rekkjit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+------------| | 1s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk | | 2s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | | 3s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | | 1p | | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk | | 2p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | | 3p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | *** rekkláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] 1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes” | | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | rekkláðr | rekkláðitr | | Acc. | rekkláð | rekkláðit | | Dat. | rekkláðum | rekkláðitum | | Gen. | rekkláðs | rekkláðit | ** S *** samrekkja wv. {{{phon(ˈsamˌrekxə)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] 1. sleep with someone 2. to have sex with someone (euphemism) See [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] for conjugaison. *** sagj(a) sv. {{{phon(saj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#segja-A][sagja]] 1. to say, to tell 2. to proclaim, to declare Declensions: - infinitive :: sagja - imperative :: sagja - imperative passive voice :: sagjask - present participle :: sagjand - past participle :: sagjat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk | | 2s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | | 3s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | | 1p | | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk | | 2p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | | 3p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | *** sáing sn.f. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ing][sæing]] 1. bed Alternative form: *séing* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn | | Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin | | Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum | | Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin | *** sáingkláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#saing][sáing]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] 1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes” Alternative form: *séingkléð* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] for declensions. *** sitj(a) iv. {{{phon(siːʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]] 1. to sit 2. to represent (politics) Declensions: - infinitive :: sit - imperative :: sit - imperative passive voice :: sitask - present participle :: sitjand - past participle :: sitit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk | | 2s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | | 3s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | | 1p | | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk | | 2p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | | 3p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | *** sjá iv. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]] 1. to see 2. to understand Alternative form: *sjé* Declensions: - infinitive :: sjá - imperative :: sjá - imperative passive voice :: sjásk - present participle :: sjánd - past participle :: sját | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk | | 2s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | | 3s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | | 1p | | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk | | 2p | | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | | 3p | | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | *** skilj(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]] 1. to differenciate 2. to segregate, to separate 3. to understand a difference Alternative form: *skij* Declensions: - infinitive :: skilja - imperative :: skilja - imperative passive voice :: skiljask - present participle :: skiljand - past participle :: skit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk | | 2s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | | 3s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | | 1p | | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk | | 2p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | | 3p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | *** skín wn.n. {{{phon(skèn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skin-a][skín(a)]] 1. shine, shimmer 2. brightness 3. radiance | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skín | skínit | skínn | skínitr | | Acc. | skín | skínit | skín | skínit | | Dat. | skín | skínit | skínum | skínitum | | Gen. | skíns | skínits | skíns | skínit | *** skín(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%ADna][skína]] 1. to shine 2. to be bright (literally) Declensions: - infinitive :: skín - imperative :: skín - imperative passive voice :: skínask - present participle :: skínand - past participle :: skínin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínumk | | 2s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | | 3s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | | 1p | | skínum | skínim | skínum | skínumk | | 2p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | | 3p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | *** skipan sn.f. {{{phon(ʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skipan][skipan]] 1. arrangement, order, organisation (of things) 2. item box, for organising belongings | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | skipanr | skipaninn | skipann | skipaninn | | Acc. | skipan | skipanin | skipan | skipanin | | Dat. | skipan | skipanin | skipanum | skipaninum | | Gen. | skipanar | skipanins | skipanar | skipanin | *** smársov iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. to nap in a proper bed See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison. *** snjór sn.m. {{{phon(sɲɔ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]] 1. snow | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | snjórr | snjórinn | snjórr | snjórinn | | Acc. | snjór | snjórin | snjór | snjórin | | Dat. | snjór | snjórin | snjórum | snjórinum | | Gen. | snjórar | snjórins | snjórar | snjórin | *** sov(a) iv. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofa-B][sofa]] 1. to sleep Declensions: - infinitive :: sov - imperative :: sov - imperative passive voice :: sovask - present participle :: sovand - past participle :: sovin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk | | 2s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | | 3s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | | 1p | | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk | | 2p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | | 3p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | *** sólskin wn.n. {{{phon(sɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3lskin2][sólskin]] 1. sunshine | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinitr | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinit | | Dat. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskinum | sólskinitum | | Gen. | sólskins | sólskinits | sólskins | sólskinit | *** sólskin(a) sv. {{{phon(ˈsɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#solskin][sólskin]] 1. to be sunny 2. to be a nice day Declensions: - infinitive :: sólskin - present participle :: sólskinand - past participle :: sólskinin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 3s | | sólskinar | sólskinir | sólskint | sólskinask | | 3p | | sólskinið | sólskinið | sólskinuð | sólskinask | This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl *** styrsamhald(i) sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]] (a holding together, unity). 1. military batallion 2. mitilary unit, group | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------| | Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr | | Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | | Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum | | Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit | *** sunn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(sunː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunna][sunna]] 1. the sun (general usage) 2. a sun (modern) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr | | Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit | | Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum | | Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit | The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, /Sunn/ is the sun, while /sunn/ is a sun. *** Sunsdag sn.m. {{{phon(sunsndaɣ)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunnudagr][sunnudagr]] 1. Sunday, first day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. ** T *** tal(a) **** Noun wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]] 1. number | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr | | Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat | | Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum | | Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat | **** Verb wv. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#tala2][tala]] 1. to talk, to speak With prepositions: - tal til :: to talk to someone - tal um :: to talk about - tal eftir :: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words - tal á málskipan :: to speak a language Declensions: - infinitive :: tal - imperative :: tal - imperative passive voice :: talask - present participle :: taland - past participle :: talin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | talar | talir | talt | talumk | | 2s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | | 3s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | | 1p | | talum | talim | talum | talumk | | 2p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | | 3p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | *** Tíbet wn.n. {{{phon(ˈtèbet)}}}, borrowed from Danish /Tibet/ 1. Tibet | | Sg. | |------+--------| | Nom. | Tíbet | | Acc. | Tíbet | | Dat. | Tíbet | | Gen. | Tíbets | *** til prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]] 1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively) **** til ná 1. still *** ton wn.m. {{{phon(ton)}}}, from Middle Low German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ton#Middle_Low_German][ton]] 1. tune, tone | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr | | Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit | | Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum | | Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit | *** tonlist wn.f. {{{phon(tonliʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ton][ton]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] 1. music See [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] for declensions. *** tren wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]] 1. train | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr | | Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit | | Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum | | Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit | *** týr in.m. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr][týr]] 1. god, divinity | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn | | Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin | | Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum | | Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin | *** Týr pn. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][Týr]] 1. the god Týr | | Sg. | |------+-----| | Nom. | Týr | | Acc. | Tý | | Dat. | Tív | | Gen. | Týs | *** Týsdag sn.m. {{{phon(tøsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][týsdagr]] 1. Tuesday, third day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. ** U *** um prep. {{{phon(um)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#um-acc-A][um]] 1. around 2. about 3. concerning (something) #+html: ::: tip Example Hann es mannin um talt ek þér He's the guy I spoke to you about | han-n | es | mann-in | um | tal-t | ek | þér | | 3sm-NOM | to.be.3sg.PRES | 1s.NOM | about | 2s.DAT | speak-1s.PST | about | #+html: ::: *** undir adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse][undir]] 1. under, underneath, below Can only be used with accusative or dative. #+html: ::: tip Example Bókinn er undir borðitum. | bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum | | book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N | The book is under the table #+html: ::: *** undirland sn.n. {{{phon(ˈundirˌland)}}}, calque of English “underground” using [[file:./dictionary.md#undir][undir]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] 1. underground, subway See also [[file:./dictionary.md#metr-o][metr(o)]] See [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] for declensions. *** universitet wn.n. {{{phon(oneˈβersetet)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t#German][Universität]] 1. university Alternative form: *oneversetet* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------| | Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr | | Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit | | Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum | | Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit | *** uppá prep. {{{phon(ˈuɸːə̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#upp%C3%A1][uppá]] 1. upon Alternative form: *offá* ** Ú *** úlf sn.m. {{{phon(òlv)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr][úlfr]] 1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/. Alternative form: *olv* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn | | Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin | | Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum | | Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin | ** V *** ván sn.f. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1n][ván]] 1. hope 2. wish Alternative form: *vén* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn | | Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin | | Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum | | Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin | *** ván(a) iv. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1na][vána]] 1. to hope 2. to wish for Uses a dative for its second argument. Alternative form: *vén(a)* Declensions: - infinitive :: ván - imperative :: ván - imperative passive voice :: vánask - present participle :: vánand - past participle :: vánit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------+--------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk | | 2s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | | 3s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | | 1p | | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk | | 2p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | | 3p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | *** veisheit wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Weisheit#German][Weisheit]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#visk-a][visk(a)]] 1. knowledge or wisdom 2. insight | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitr | veisheititr | | Acc. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheit | veisheitit | | Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum | | Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit | *** ver(a) iv. {{{phon(βer)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vera#Old_Norse][vera]] 1. to be 2. active auxilliary Declensions: - infinitive :: ver - imperative :: ves - present participle :: verand - past participle :: vest | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past | |----+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 1s | em | sé | vas | vár | | 2s | est | sér | vast | vár | | 3s | es | sé | vas | vár | | 1p | er | sé | var | vár | | 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið | | 3p | er | sé | var | vár | *** vest adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr]] 1. West, westward *** vél sn.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]] 1. machine, craft | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn | | Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin | | Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum | | Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin | *** vétal(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɛ̀tal)}}}, portemanteau of [[file:./dictionary.md#vel][vél]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] 1. computer See [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] for declensions. *** vik(a) wn.f. {{{phon(βik)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vika-B][vika]] 1. a week | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vik | vikat | vikr | vikatr | | Acc. | vik | vikat | vik | vikat | | Dat. | vik | vikat | vikum | vikatum | | Gen. | viks | vikats | viks | vikat | **** Days of the week 1. [[file:./dictionary.md#sunsdag][Sunsdag]] 2. [[file:./dictionary.md#mansdag][Mánsdag]] 3. [[file:./dictionary.md#tysdag][Týsdag]] 4. [[file:./dictionary.md#oðinsdag][Óðinsdag]] 5. [[file:./dictionary.md#þorsdag][Þórsdag]] 6. [[file:./dictionary.md#fridag][Frídag]] 7. [[file:./dictionary.md#laurdag][Laurdag]] *** vilja iv. {{{phon(viʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vilja][vilja]] 1. to want Declensions: - infinitive :: vilja - imperative :: vilja - imperative passive voice :: viljask - present participle :: viljand - past participle :: viljit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk | | 2s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | | 3s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | | 1p | | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk | | 2p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | | 3p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | *** Vit interj. {{{phon(βit)}}} 1. question marker, see [[file:./grammar.md#yes-no-questions][yes/no questions]], probably from an inuit dialect. *** visk(a) wn.f. {{{phon(βiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vizka][vizka]] 1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience See [[file:./dictionary.md#veisheit][veisheit]] for a more general term for /wisdow/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | visk | viskit | viskr | viskitr | | Acc. | visk | viskit | visk | viskit | | Dat. | visk | viskit | viskum | viskitum | | Gen. | visks | viskits | visks | viskit | ** Y ** Ý ** Z ** Ø ** Œ *** Œgir pn. {{{phon(ˈœjer)}}} 1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords. Alternative form: *Œjer* ** Đ ** Þ *** Þór pn.m. {{{phon(θɔr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rr-A][Þórr]] 1. Thor | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | Þórr | | Acc. | Þór | | Dat. | Þór | | Gen. | Þórs | *** Þórsdag sn.m. {{{phon(θɔrsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rsdagr][þórsdagr]] 1. Thursday, fifth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. * Notes :noexport: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | | | | | | Acc. | | | | | | Dat. | | | | | | Gen. | | | | | Declensions: - infinitive :: - imperative :: - imperative passive voice :: - present participle :: - past participle :: | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | | | | | | 2s | | | | | | | 3s | | | | | | | 1p | | | | | | | 2p | | | | | | | 3p | | | | | | ** Numbers - einn - tveir - þrír / þrer - férir - femm - sex - se - átt / étt - ní / ne - tí / te