#+setupfile: ../headers * Dictionary Below you will find a simple Eittlandic to English dictionary. It uses some abbreviations you should keep in mind: - acc :: accusative - adj :: adjective - adv :: adverb - art :: article - aux :: auxiliary - c :: common - comp :: comparative - conj :: conjunction - Dan :: Danish - dat :: dative - def :: definite - det :: determiner - Eng :: English - EON :: Early Old Norse - f :: feminine - gen :: genitive - Ger :: German - imp :: imperative - in :: irregular noun - ind :: indicative - interr :: interrogative - iv :: irregular verb - m :: masculine - mass :: mass noun - ME :: Middle Eittlandic - n :: neuter - neg :: negative - nom :: nominal - Nor :: Norwegian (Nynork if no dialect is specified) - num :: numeral - OE :: Old Eittlandic - OI :: Old Icelandic - ON :: Old Norse - pas :: passive - pl :: plural - pn :: proper noun - prep :: preposition - pret :: preterite - pron :: pronoun - sg :: singular - sn :: strong noun - stg :: strong - sv :: strong verb - Swe :: Swedish - wk :: weak - wn :: weak noun - wv :: weak verb Note that when a word is marked solely as /masculine/, /feminine/ or /neutral/, it is a noun. Otherwise, another marker such as /adj./ should be added, for instance /f.adj./ for a feminine adjective. All words are indexed by their spelling as determined by Standard Eittlandic, which roughly corresponds to the accusative of other dialects. All words are indexed by a standardized traditional spelling, with occasionally their Standard Eittlandic spelling specified below in the word’s entry. Each noun has its declension presented to the reader as a guide to how it might generally look in dialects other than Standard Eittlandic. Other variations may exist from one dialect to another that are not presented here. For instance, while most Eittlandic dialects lost the /ru/ part of the dat.pl. declention, going from /férum/ to /fém/, some dialects in East Northern Eittland still retain the former form. Letters in parenthesis are no longer used when writing Eittlandic but are still underlying vowels that can still affect the pronunciation of the word and its surroundings. For instance, /dag/ can represent three forms of the word: /dagr/, /dag/ and /daga/ (the /-r/ and /-a/ are silent in Standard Eittlandic). The first form is pronounced {{{phon(daɣ)}}} while the other two are pronounced {{{phon(daj)}}}. They can also represent grammatical cases which are no longer used in Standard Eittlandic, such as /dagr/. While it exists as is in several Eittlandic dialects, it doesn’t exist as /dagr/ in Standard Eittlandic, only as /dag/. The underlying vowel also reappears when the word is used in its definite form. For instance, /dagr/ becomes /dagann/ due to the underlying /-a/ in its accusative form /dag(a)/ while /fiskr/ becomes /fiskinn/ (the «i» is added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table. ** A *** að prep. {{{phon(ɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#a%C3%B0][að]] As a preposition, /að/ generally indicates motion or direction towards something, or attachment to something. It can be translated as /to/, /towards/, or /at/. 1. (part.) to, used to indicate the infinitive form of a verb #+html: ::: tip Example Han byrt að syng She started to sing #+html: ::: 2. to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination #+html: ::: tip Example - Hann fert að borgin He went to the city - Ek sendt brévit að vinin I sent the letter to friends #+html: ::: Unlike [[file:./dictionary.md#til][til]], /að/ emphasizes on the proximity towards the goal, or in the case of a movement (physical or metaphorical), of an approach of the goal. Some dialects also prefer to use /að/ rather than [[file:./dictionary.md#til][til]]. 3. at, in, used to indicate location or position #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek býr að þett húsit I live in this house - Vár mœtumk að veitingstaðin We met at the restaurant #+html: ::: 4. on, upon, used to indicate contact or support #+html: ::: tip Example - Bókann liggjar að borðit The book is next to the table - Hann sitjar að stólin He sits down in the chair #+html: ::: *** af(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ɑf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#afi][afi]] 1. grand-father 2. old, elderly man | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | af | afit | afr | afitr | | Acc. | af | afit | af | afit | | Dat. | af | afit | afum | afitum | | Gen. | afs | afits | afs | afit | *** akaluk sn.m. {{{phon(ˈɑk.ɑl.ok)}}}, probably a Tunrit borrowing 1. snow-capped mountain | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | akalukr | akalukinn | akalukr | akalukinn | | Acc. | akaluk | akalukin | akaluk | akalukin | | Dat. | akaluk | akalukin | akalukum | akalukinum | | Gen. | akalukar | akalukins | akalukar | akalukin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#fjall][fjall]]. *** alf wn.m. {{{phon(ɑlf)}}} 1. power, might | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | alf | alfit | alfr | alfitr | | Acc. | alf | alfit | alf | alfit | | Dat. | alf | alfit | alfum | alfitum | | Gen. | alfs | alfits | alfs | alfit | *** all {{{phon(ɑlː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#allr-A][allr]] 1. indef.pron. all, everyone, everything 2. adj. 1. all, whole or entire entity #+html: ::: tip Example Allt húsit er litit. The house is completely painted. | all-t | hús-it | er | lit-it | | all-sg.n.NOM | house.NOM-DEF | to.be.3sg.pres | to.paint-part.adj.sg.n.NOM | #+html: ::: 2. all, complete group or set #+html: ::: tip Example Allar bátinn er í hávnin. All the boats are in the harbour. #+html: ::: 3. all, full extent or duration #+html: ::: tip Example - Allar daginn var sólskinn. All the days were sunny. - Allr daginn er varmr ná! The whole day is warm, isn’t it? 4. all, quite, entirely, completely #+html: ::: tip Example Svá er allt góðt! It’s all good / alright! #+html: ::: | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | allr | allt | | Acc. | all | allt | | Dat. | allum | allum | | Gen. | alls | alls | | Pl.Nom. | allar | all | | Acc. | all | all | | Dat. | allum | allum | | Gen. | allar | allr | *** Alfshringinssagat pn. {{{phon(ˈɑlfs.ˌr̥iŋ.ins.ˌsɑj.ɑt)}}} 1. The Rings of Power *** almen adj. {{{phon(ɑlmen)}}} 1. general, global | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | almenn | almenar | | Acc. | almenum | almenum | | Dat. | almen | almen | | Gen. | almen | almenar | | Pl.Nom. | almens | almens | | Acc. | almenum | almenum | | Dat. | alment | almen | | Gen. | alment | almenn | *** angak sn.m. {{{phon(ˈɑŋɡ.ɑk)}}}, a Tunrit-inherited word 1. uncle; the brother of one’s parent, with a connotation of being an elder or respected figure | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | angakr | angakinn | angakr | angakinn | | Acc. | angak | angakin | angak | angakin | | Dat. | angak | angakin | angakum | angakinum | | Gen. | angakar | angakins | angakar | angakin | *** annaman sn.n. {{{phon(ˈɑnː.ɑ.ˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#annar][annar]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. someone else | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanitr | | Acc. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanit | | Dat. | annaman | annamanit | annamanum | annamanitum | | Gen. | annamans | annamanits | annamans | annamanit | *** annar {{{phon(ɑnː.ɑr)}}} 1. other, different *** amm(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ɑmː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#amma][amma]] 1. grand-mother, granny 2. old, elderly woman | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | amm | ammat | amm | ammatr | | Acc. | amm | ammat | amm | ammat | | Dat. | amm | ammat | ammum | ammatum | | Gen. | amms | ammats | amms | ammat | *** aptr adv., prep. {{{phon(ɑɸtr̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#aptr-I][aptr]] 1. behind, in or to the rear of, at the back of #+html: ::: tip Example Hann standt aptr húsit He stood behind the house #+html: ::: 2. after in time or sequence #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kœmt hér aptr þér I came here after you #+html: ::: 3. supporting or backing someone or something #+html: ::: tip Example Ek standar aptr þér I stand behind you, i.e. I support you #+html: ::: 4. lagging or falling behind in progress or development #+html: ::: tip Example Hann er aptr í nem He is behind his studies #+html: ::: *** arm sn.m. {{{phon(ɑrm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#armr-1][armr]] 1. arm 2. sleeve; the part of a garment that covers the arm 3. branch; a secondary woody stem growing from the trunk or a bough of a tree | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | armr | arminn | armr | arminn | | Acc. | arm | armin | arm | armin | | Dat. | arm | armin | armum | arminum | | Gen. | armar | armins | armar | armin | *** automobil wn.n. {{{phon(ˈɔtoˌmobel)}}}, from Ancient Greek [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek][αὐτός]] and Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mobilis#Latin][mōbilis]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] 1. car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used See [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] for declensions. ** Á *** á **** Noun sn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A13][á]] 1. river | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | ár | ánn | ár | ánn | | Acc. | á | án | á | án | | Dat. | á | án | áum | ánum | | Gen. | ár | áns | ár | án | **** Preposition prep. {{{phon(ɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1-remark][á]] As a preposition, /á/ indicates a position or static location on a surface, in time, or in state. It generally triggers the accusative for temporal uses, while it triggers the dative for any other use. 1. on, upon, used to indicate position or location on a surface #+html: ::: tip Example - Bókann liggjar á borðit The book is on the table - Hann sitjar á stólin He sits on the chair #+html: ::: 2. at, used to indicate a specific time or occasion #+html: ::: tip Example Vár mœtumk á Óðinsdag We met on Wednesday #+html: ::: 3. in, within, used to indicate a state or condition #+html: ::: tip Example Han es á far She is on a journey #+html: ::: *** ábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]] 1. bed covering, cover, bedspread 2. any kind of cloth used for beds Alternative form: *ébreið(a)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðr | ábreiðitr | | Acc. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreið | ábreiðit | | Dat. | ábreið | ábreiðat | ábreiðum | ábreiðitum | | Gen. | ábreiðs | ábreiðats | ábreiðar | ábreiðit | *** áksl sn.f. {{{phon(ɑksl̩)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oe.php#%C3%B6xl][áxl]] 1. shoulder (anatomy) 2. shoulder blade; the flat, triangular bone at the upper back part of the shoulder 3. ridge of a mountain 4. axle | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | ákslr | ákslinn | ákslr | ákslinn | | Acc. | áksl | ákslin | áksl | ákslin | | Dat. | áksl | ákslin | ákslum | ákslinum | | Gen. | ákslar | ákslins | ákslar | ákslin | *** áng interj. {{{phon(ɛŋ)}}}, probably a Tunrit borrowing 1. positive counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar See also [[file:./dictionary.md#nang][náng]]. Alternative form: *éng* *** ást sn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀ʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1st][ást]] 1. love, affection | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ástr | ástinn | ástr | ástinn | | Acc. | ást | ástin | ást | ástin | | Dat. | ást | ástin | ástum | ástinum | | Gen. | ástar | ástins | ástar | ástin | *** áð adv. {{{phon(ɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1%C3%B0r][áðr]] 1. before, temporal precedence or higher priority ** B *** bak sn.n. {{{phon(bɑk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bak][bak]] 1. back; the rear part of the human body, extending from the neck to the buttocks 2. rear, reverse; the side or part of something that is opposite the front 3. support, backing; the part of something that provides strength or reinforcement from behind | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bak | bakit | bak | bakitr | | Acc. | bak | bakit | bak | bakit | | Dat. | bak | bakit | bakum | bakitum | | Gen. | baks | bakits | baks | bakit | *** barn sn.n. {{{phon(bɑrn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#barn][barn]] 1. child | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | barn | barnit | barn | barnitr | | Acc. | barn | barnit | barn | barnit | | Dat. | barn | barnit | barnum | barnitum | | Gen. | barns | barnits | barns | barnit | *** bát sn.m. {{{phon(bɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%A1tr][bátr]] 1. boat; a small vessel used for traveling on water | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bátr | bátinn | bátr | bátinn | | Acc. | bát | bátin | bát | bátin | | Dat. | bát | bátin | bátum | bátinum | | Gen. | bátar | bátins | bátar | bátin | *** ber(a) sv. {{{phon(ber)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bera3-A][bera]] 1. to transport or convey something from one place to another 2. to hold and move something 3. to endure, to tolerate; to withstand something difficult or painful Declensions: - infinitive :: ber - imperative :: ber - imperative passive voice :: berask - present participle :: berand - past participle :: berit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | berar | berir | bert | berumk | | 2s | | berar | berir | bert | bersk | | 3s | | berar | berir | bert | berask | | 1p | | berum | berim | berum | berumk | | 2p | | berið | berið | beruð | berask | | 3p | | berið | berið | beruð | berask | *** bern sn.m. {{{phon(bern)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bj%C3%B6rn][bern]] 1. bear | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | bernn | berninn | bernn | berninn | | Acc. | bern | bernin | bern | bernin | | Dat. | bern | bernin | bernum | berninum | | Gen. | bernar | bernins | bernar | bernin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#nanuk][nanuk]]. *** bil wn.n. {{{phon(βil)}}}, shortened from of [[file:./dictionary.md#automobil][automobil]] 1. car (motorcar, automobile) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bil | bilit | bill | bilitr | | Acc. | bil | bilit | bil | bilit | | Dat. | bil | bilit | bilum | bilitum | | Gen. | bils | bilits | bils | bilit | *** birt(i) wn.f. {{{phon(birt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#birti][birti]] 1. brightness, the quality or state of giving off or reflecting light (see also [[file:./dictionary.md#ljos][ljós]]) 2. clarity, the quality or state of being clear or easily understood | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | birt | birtit | birtr | birtitr | | Acc. | birt | birtit | birt | birtit | | Dat. | birt | birtit | birtum | birtitum | | Gen. | birts | birtits | birts | birtit | *** bjálf(i) wn.m. {{{phon(βjɛ̀lf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bj%C3%A1lfi][bjálfi]] 1. skin, fur (animals) 2. skin (human’s, colloquial) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfr | bjálfitr | | Acc. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálf | bjálfit | | Dat. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfum | bjálfitum | | Gen. | bjálfs | bjálfits | bjálfs | bjálfit | *** blá adj. {{{phon(blɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bl%C3%A1r][blár]] 1. blue 2. cold (colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | blár | blát | | Acc. | blá | blát | | Dat. | blámum | blámum | | Gen. | blás | blás | | Pl.Nom. | blárar | blá | | Acc. | blá | blá | | Dat. | blámum | blámum | | Gen. | blárar | blár | *** bleik adj. {{{phon(blɑɪk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bleikr][bleikr]] 1. pinkish yellow 2. warm (colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | bleikr | bleikar | | Acc. | bleikum | bleikum | | Dat. | bleik | bleik | | Gen. | bleik | bleikar | | Pl.Nom. | bleiks | bleiks | | Acc. | bleikum | bleikum | | Dat. | bleikt | bleik | | Gen. | bleikt | bleikr | *** blóð sn.n. {{{phon(blɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bl%C3%B3%C3%B0][blóð]] 1. blood; the red liquid that circulates in the veins and arteries of humans and other vertebrate animals 2. kinship, lineage; the relationship betweenpeople who share ancestors #+html: ::: tip Example Vér eruð af sam blóð. We are of the same blood/family/lineage. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | blóð | blóðit | blóð | blóðitr | | Acc. | blóð | blóðit | blóð | blóðit | | Dat. | blóð | blóðit | blóðum | blóðitum | | Gen. | blóðs | blóðits | blóðs | blóðit | *** borð sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}} 1. table 2. large plank | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | borð | borðit | borð | borðitr | | Acc. | borð | borðit | borð | borðit | | Dat. | borð | borðit | borðum | borðitum | | Gen. | borðs | borðits | borðs | borðit | *** boðorð sn.m. {{{phon(boð.orð)}}} 1. a rule | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | boðorðr | boðorðinn | boðorðr | boðorðinn | | Acc. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorð | boðorðin | | Dat. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorðum | boðorðinum | | Gen. | boðorðar | boðorðins | boðorðar | boðorðin | *** boðorðsman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈboð.orð.ˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#boðorð][boðorð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. judge | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+---------------+--------------+----------------| | Nom. | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | | Acc. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | | Dat. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsmanum | boðorðsmaninum | | Gen. | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanins | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanin | *** borg sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]] 1. city | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | borgr | borginn | borgr | borginn | | Acc. | borg | borgin | borg | borgin | | Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum | | Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin | *** bráð sn.m. {{{phon(brɛ̀ð)}}} Alternative form: *bréð* See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]] *** brév sn.n. {{{phon(brɛ̀β)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bref][bréf]] 1. letter, a written or printed communication, generally transported by post, especially when it is a fomal communication from one person or organisation to another 2. episle, a formal or literary letter, especially one addressed to a specific audience or dealing with a particular subject | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | brév | brévit | brév | brévitr | | Acc. | brév | brévit | brév | brévit | | Dat. | brév | brévit | brévum | brévitum | | Gen. | brévs | brévits | brévs | brévit | *** bróð(i) sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]] 1. brother, plural /bráð/ Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bráðir/ which got re-analyzed into /bráð/ + /-ir/. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bráðr | bráðinn | | Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bráð | bráðin | | Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bráðir | bráðinum | | Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bráðum | bráðin | *** bróðdótt(u) sn.f. {{{phon(ˈbrɔ̀ð.dɔ̀tː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#broð-i][bróð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-u][dótt]] 1. niece; the daughter of one’s brother For decliensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-u][dótt(u)]] *** bróðson sn.m. {{{phon(ˈbrɔ̀ð.ˌson)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#broð-i][bróð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#son][son]] 1. nephew; the son of one’s brother For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#son][son]] *** brún adj. {{{phon(bròn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%BAnn][brúnn]] 1. brown, dark red | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | brúnn | brúnt | | Acc. | brún | brúnt | | Dat. | brúnum | brúnum | | Gen. | brúns | brúns | | Pl.Nom. | brúnar | brún | | Acc. | brún | brún | | Dat. | brúnum | brúnum | | Gen. | brúnar | brúnn | *** bók(a) sn.f. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]] 1. book, plural /bøk/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | bókr | bókann | bøkr | bøkann | | Acc. | bók | bókan | bøk | bøkan | | Dat. | bókar | bókan | bøkar | bøkanum | | Gen. | bók | bókans | bøkum | bøkan | *** bøk sn.f. {{{phon(bø̀k)}}} See [[file:dictionary.md#bok(r)][/bók/]] *** bú wn.m. {{{phon(bò)}}} 1. dweller 2. general meaning of /neighbour/, can also mean someone living in the neighbourhood or in the same general area See also [[file:./dictionary.md#grann-i][grann(i)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#nagrann-i][nágrann(i)]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | bú | búit | búr | búitr | | Acc. | bú | búit | bú | búit | | Dat. | bú | búit | búum | búitum | | Gen. | bús | búits | bús | búit | *** bú(a) wv. {{{phon(bò)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%BAa-A][búa]] 1. to live, to dwell, to reside or have one’s home in a prarticular place 2. to inhabit, to occupy, to live or occupy a place as a resident Declensions: - infinitive :: bú - imperative :: bú - imperative passive voice :: búask - present participle :: búand - past participle :: búit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | býr | búir | byt | búmk | | 2s | | býr | búir | byt | búðisk | | 3s | | býr | búir | byt | búðisk | | 1p | | búm | búim | bym | búmk | | 2p | | búið | búið | byð | búðisk | | 3p | | búið | búið | byð | búðisk | *** byr(ja) wv. {{{phon(byr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#byrja2][byrja]] 1. to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of informality or immediacy 2. to commence, to initiate; to mark the start of something Declensions: - infinitive :: byr - imperative :: byr - imperative passive voice :: byrjask - present participle :: byrjand - past participle :: byrit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrjumk | | 2s | | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrtisk | | 3s | | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrtisk | | 1p | | byrjum | byrim | byrjum | byrjumk | | 2p | | byrið | byrið | byrjuð | byrtisk | | 3p | | byrið | byrið | byrjuð | byrtisk | ** C ** D *** dag sn.m. {{{phon(daɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dagr][dagr]] 1. natural day 2. day (unit of time), 24 hours 3. í dag: today 4. week day | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dagr {{{phon(daɡr̩)}}} | daginn | dagr | daginn | | Acc. | dag {{{phon(daɣ)}}} | dagin | dag | dagin | | Dat. | dag {{{phon(daj)}}} | dagin | dagum | daginum | | Gen. | dagar {{{phon(dajar)}}} | dagins | dagar | dagin | Due to the phonological evolution of Eittlandic, the pronunciaton of the final «g» of /dag/ ends up differing even if the written form does not. As such, a guide is included in the declension table to help students remember how these different forms are pronounced. *** dá- prefix {{{phon(ˌdɛ̀)}}}, unknown etymology 1. adjective intensifier, /dáX/ is /very X/ *** djúp adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr][djúpr]] 1. deep 2. profound (figuratively) Alternative form: *djóp* | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | djúpr | djúpt | | Acc. | djúp | djúpt | | Dat. | djúpum | djúpum | | Gen. | djúps | djúps | | Pl.Nom. | djúpar | djúp | | Acc. | djúp | djúp | | Dat. | djúpum | djúpum | | Gen. | djúpar | djúpr | *** djúplig adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]]) 1. deeply 2. inherently Alternative form: *djópleg* *** dótt(u) sn.f. {{{phon(dɔ̀tː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]] 1. daughter See also [[file:./dictionary.md#panig][panig]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | dóttr | dóttunn | dóttr | dóttunn | | Acc. | dótt | dóttun | dótt | dóttun | | Dat. | dótt | dóttun | dóttum | dóttunum | | Gen. | dóttur | dóttuns | dóttur | dóttun | *** dyr sn.f. {{{phon(dyr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dyrr][dyrr]] 1. door | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dyrr | dyrinn | dyrr | dyrinn | | Acc. | dyr | dyrin | dyr | dyrin | | Dat. | dyr | dyrin | dyrum | dyrinum | | Gen. | dyrar | dyrins | dyrar | dyrin | *** dýn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDna][dýna]] 1. mattress | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dýn | dýnat | dýnn | dýnatr | | Acc. | dýn | dýnat | dýn | dýnat | | Dat. | dýn | dýnat | dýnum | dýnatum | | Gen. | dýns | dýnats | dýns | dýnat | *** dýnsábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀ns.ɛ̀b.rɑɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] 1. blanket Alternative form: *dønsébreið(a)* See [[file:./dictionary.md#abreið-a][ábreið]] for declensions. *** dýnskláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈdø̀nʃˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]]. 1. pillow case, litt. “pillow clothes” Alternative form: *dǿnskléð* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions. *** dýr sn.n. {{{phon(dø̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDr][dýr]]. 1. animal | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | dýr | dýrit | dýr | dýritr | | Acc. | dýr | dýrit | dýr | dýrit | | Dat. | dýr | dýrit | dýrum | dýritum | | Gen. | dýrs | dýrits | dýrs | dýrit | *** dýrgríp(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ˈdø̀r.ˌɡrèp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#dyr][dýr]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#grip-a][gríp(a)]] 1. predator; an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food #+html: ::: tip Example Dýrgripat finnt fœð. The predator found food/sustenance. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | dýrgrípr | dýrgrípatr | | Acc. | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | | Dat. | dýrgríp | dýrgrípat | dýrgrípum | dýrgrípatum | | Gen. | dýrgríps | dýrgrípats | dýrgríps | dýrgrípat | *** dœtt(i) sn.f. {{{phon(dœ̀tː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3ttir][dóttir]] Plural of [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-i][dótt(i)]]. ** Đ ** E *** edd(a) wn.f. {{{phon(edː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#edda][edda]] 1. great grandmother 2. female ancestor, beyond the grandmother | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | edd | eddann | eddr | eddann | | Acc. | edd | eddan | edd | eddan | | Dat. | eddas | eddan | eddam | eddanum | | Gen. | eddas | eddans | eddas | eddan | *** eð conj. {{{phon(eð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#e%C3%B0r][eða]] Dialectal variety of [[file:./dictionary.md#ell-a][ell(a)]] *** ef adv. {{{phon(ef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ef-B][ef]] 1. if, in case, in case that Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it. *** ei Regional variation of [[file:./dictionary.md#eig][eig]]. *** eig(i) adv. {{{phon(ɑɪɣ)}}}, in some regions {{{phon(ɑɪ)}}} and written /ei/, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eigi][eigi]] 1. not, negative marker of a verb *** ein(n) {{{phon(ɑɪn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]] 1. num. 1. one (cardinal) 2. adj. 1. alone 2. single 3. pronoun. 1. one 2. a few, some (plural) #+name: ein-declensions-pronoun #+caption: Declension of /ein/ as a pronoun | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | einn | eininn | einn | eininn | | Acc. | ein | einin | ein | einin | | Dat. | ein | einin | einum | eininum | | Gen. | einar | einins | einar | einin | #+name: ein-declension-adj #+caption: Declension of /ein/ as an adjective | / | | | | | | | Common | Neuter | |---+---------+--------+--------| | | Sg.Nom. | einn | eitt | | | Acc. | ein | eitt | | | Dat. | einum | eitum | | | Gen. | eins | eits | | | Pl.Nom. | einar | eit | | | Acc. | ein | eit | | | Dat. | einum | eitum | | | Gen. | einar | eitr | *** einnig adv. {{{phon(ɑinːiɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einnig][einnig]] 1. also, too Something is in addition to something that hwas already been said 2. likewise, similarly Something is the same or similar to something that has already been said #+html: ::: tip Example Ek málar Fransk, ok hann einnig I speak French, and so does he. #+html: ::: 3. moreover, furthermore Introduce new but related information *** Eittland sn.n. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#land][land]] 1. High Kingdom of Eittland 2. island of Eittland | | Sg. | |------+-----------| | Nom. | Eittland | | Acc. | Eittland | | Dat. | Eittland | | Gen. | Eittlands | *** ekt(a) {{{phon(ekt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ektar-][ektar-]] 1. adj. wedded 2. wn.n. spouse 3. wv. to marry | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | ektr | ektt | | Acc. | ekt | ektt | | Dat. | ektum | ektum | | Gen. | ekts | ekts | | Pl.Nom. | ektar | ekt | | Acc. | ekt | ekt | | Dat. | ektum | ektum | | Gen. | ektar | ektr | | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ekt | ektat | ektr | ektatr | | Acc. | ekt | ektat | ekt | ektat | | Dat. | ekt | ektat | ektum | ektatum | | Gen. | ekts | ektats | ekts | ektat | Declensions: - infinitive :: ekt - imperative :: ekt - imperative passive voice :: ektask - present participle :: ektand - past participle :: ektit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | ektar | ektir | ekt | ektumk | | 2s | | ektar | ektir | ekt | ekttisk | | 3s | | ektar | ektir | ekt | ekttisk | | 1p | | ektum | ektim | ektum | ektumk | | 2p | | ektið | ektið | ektuð | ekttisk | | 3p | | ektið | ektið | ektuð | ekttisk | *** ektakon(a) sn.f. {{{phon(ˈekt.ɑ.ˌkon)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ekt-a][ekt(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#kon-a][kon(a)]] 1. wife For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#kon-a][kon(a)]] *** ektaman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈekt.ɑ.ˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ekt-a][ekt(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. husband For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] *** eld sn.m. {{{phon(eld)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eldr2][eldr]] 1. fire, the phenomenon of combustion characterised by the emission of heat and light 2. passion, intensity, driving force, strong emotion or enthusiasm; intense feeling or desire; a powerful and motivating force #+html: ::: tip Example Hann havir eld fyrir verkit hennum He has great passion for his project #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | eldr | eldinn | eldr | eldinn | | Acc. | eld | eldin | eld | eldin | | Dat. | eld | eldin | eldum | eldinum | | Gen. | eldar | eldins | eldar | eldin | *** ell(a) {{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#eð][eð]] 1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise 2. (conj.) or *** en conj. {{{phon(en)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#en2][en]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#nem][nem]] 1. yet, still 2. but (general purpose, links phrases as in English) *** eng(i) det. {{{phon(eŋ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ein-n][ein(n)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#i-g][-(i)g]] 1. no, not any 2. any (after negative or comparative) For the indefinite pronoun usage, see [[file:grammar.md#indefinite-pronouns][Indefinite pronouns (grammar)]] #+name: Declension of eng(i) #+caption: eng-declension | / | | < | | | | | Common | Neuter | |---+---------+--------+--------| | | Sg.Nom. | eng | ekk | | | Acc. | eng | ekk | | | Dat. | engum | eng | | | Gen. | engrar | enks | | | Pl.Nom. | engar | eng | | | Acc. | eng | eng | | | Dat. | engum | engum | | | Gen. | engr | engr | *** engin indef.pron. {{{phon(eŋen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eingi][enginn]] 1. no one, none | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | enginn | ekkert | | Acc. | engin | ekkert | | Dat. | engum | eng | | Gen. | engrar | engrar | | Pl.Nom. | engar | engin | | Acc. | engar | engin | | Dat. | engum | engum | | Gen. | engar | engar | *** epil wn.n. {{{phon(ˈepel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#epli][epli]] 1. apple | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | epil | epilit | epill | epilitr | | Acc. | epil | epilit | epil | epilit | | Dat. | epil | epilit | epilum | epilitum | | Gen. | epils | epilits | epils | epilit | *** eptir prep. {{{phon(eɸter)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eptir][eptir]] 1. after 2. afterwards 3. according to, based on 4. in search of, seeking for #+html: ::: tip Example Ek em eptir Konung, kannuð ér sagja mér hvar es hann? I’m looking for the King, can you tell me where he is? | ek | em | eptir | konung | | 1s.NOM | to.be.1s.PRES.IND | after | king | | kann-uð | ér | sagja | mér | hvar | es | han-n | | can-2p | 2p.NOM | to.tell | 1s.DAT | where | to.be.3s.PRES.IND | 3s.m-NOM | #+html: ::: *** eptirdag adv. {{{phon(eɸterdɑj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#eptir][eptir]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag (dative)]] 1. tomorrow *** enn adv. {{{phon(enː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#enn5][enn]] 1. yet 2. still *** et(a) iv. {{{phon(et)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eta][eta]] 1. to eat 2. to consume 3. to burn fuel (generally fire) Declensions: - infinitive :: et - imperative :: et - imperative passive voice :: etask - present participle :: etand - past participle :: etat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | etar | etir | át | etumk | | 2s | | etar | etir | át | esk | | 3s | | etar | etir | át | esk | | 1p | | etum | etim | átum | etimk | | 2p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | | 3p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | *** eyr(a) wn.n. {{{phon(œʏr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#eyra][eyra]] 1. ear 2. hearing; the sense or ability to perceive sound 3. attention, heed; the act of listening carefully #+html: ::: tip Example Ek geft eyr hans. I paid attention to him (litt. I gave him ears) #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | eyr | eyrat | eyrr | eyratr | | Acc. | eyr | eyrat | eyr | eyrat | | Dat. | eyr | eyrat | eyrum | eyratum | | Gen. | eyrs | eyrats | eyrs | eyrat | ** É ** F *** fað(i) sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][faðir]] 1. father, plural /feð/ Re-analysis of sg. /faðir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively, each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to /-r/). | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | faðr | faðinn | feðr | feðinn | | Acc. | fað | faðin | feð | feðin | | Dat. | fað | faðin | feðum | feðinum | | Gen. | faðar | faðins | feðar | feðin | *** faðarsyst sn.f. {{{phon(ˈfɑð.ɑr.ˌsyʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#fað-i][fað]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]] 1. aunt; the sister of one’s brother For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#moðirsyst][móðirsyst]]. *** far sn.f. {{{phon(fɑr)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%B6r][far]] 1. journey, trip, an act of traveling from one place to another 2. travel, the action of journeying, especially to distant places 3. expedition, a journey undRtaken for a specific purpose, often involving exploration or research | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | farr | farinn | farr | farinn | | Acc. | far | farin | far | farin | | Dat. | far | farin | farum | farinum | | Gen. | farar | farins | farar | farin | *** far(a) iv. {{{phon(fɑr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]] 1. to go, to move, to proceed from one place to another 2. to travel, to journey, to go from one place to another, especially over a considerable distance 3. to transport, to convey, to move people or goods from one place to another 4. to happen, to occur, to take place Declensions: - infinitive :: far - imperative :: far - imperative passive voice :: farsk - present participle :: farand - past participle :: farit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferumk | | 2s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | | 3s | | ferar | ferir | fert | ferisk | | 1p | | farum | farim | farum | farumk | | 2p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask | | 3p | | farið | farið | faruð | farask | *** fár adj. and indef.pron. {{{phon(fɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A1r3][fár]] 1. few, in small numbers The pronoun is usually in its plural form while the singular form is reserved for the adjective. | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | fárr | fárt | | Acc. | fár | fárt | | Dat. | fárum | fárum | | Gen. | fárs | fárs | | Pl.Nom. | fárar | fár | | Acc. | fár | fár | | Dat. | fárum | fárum | | Gen. | fárar | fárr | *** feð sn.m. {{{phon(feð)}}} See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]] *** ferð sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]] 1. fjord, a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, typically formed by submerged glacial activity 2. inlet, bay, a recess in the shoreline, often narrow and partly surrounded by land | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | ferðr | ferðinn | ferðr | ferðinn | | Acc. | ferð | ferðin | ferð | ferðin | | Dat. | ferð | ferðin | ferðum | ferðinum | | Gen. | ferðar | ferðins | ferðar | ferðin | *** fé in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]] 1. wealth | | Singular | Plural | |------+----------+--------| | Nom. | fé | fé | | Acc. | fé | fé | | Dat. | fé | fém | | Gen. | fés | fés | *** fing sn.m. {{{phon(fiŋɡ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fingr][fingr]] 1. finger 2. digit; any of the digits of the hand, including the thumb 3. pointer, indicator; something that points or directs attention to something else 4. pointer (computer) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | fingr | finginn | fingr | finginn | | Acc. | fing | fingin | fing | fingin | | Dat. | fing | fingin | fingum | finginum | | Gen. | fingar | fingins | fingar | fingin | *** finn(a) wv. {{{phon(finː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#finna][finna]] 1. to find; to discover or perceive something by chance or search 2. to find out or become aware of something through effort or investigation Declensions: - infinitive :: finn - imperative :: finn - imperative passive voice :: finnask - present participle :: finnand - past participle :: finnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | finnar | finnir | finnt | finnumk | | 2s | | finnar | finnir | finnt | finndisk | | 3s | | finnar | finnir | finnt | finndisk | | 1p | | finnum | finnim | finnum | finnumk | | 2p | | finnið | finnið | finnuð | finndisk | | 3p | | finnið | finnið | finnuð | finndisk | *** fisk sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr]] 1. fish | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | fiskr | fiskinn | fiskr | fiskinn | | Acc. | fisk | fiskin | fisk | fiskin | | Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum | | Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin | *** fjall sn.n. {{{phon(fjɑlː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fjall][fjall]] 1. mountain | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallitr | | Acc. | fjall | fjallit | fjall | fjallit | | Dat. | fjall | fjallit | fjallum | fjallitum | | Gen. | fjalls | fjallits | fjalls | fjallit | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#akaluk][akaluk]]. *** flekk sn.m. {{{phon(flek)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flekkr][flekkr]] 1. spot, e.g. of colour | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | flekkr | flekkinn | flekkr | flekkinn | | Acc. | flekk | flekkin | flekk | flekkin | | Dat. | flekk | flekkin | flekkum | flekkinum | | Gen. | flekkar | flekkins | flekkar | flekkin | *** fløyg(a) iv. {{{phon(flœʏj)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flj%C3%BAga][fleuga]] 1. to fly, to move through the air using wings or an aircraft 2. to rush, to hurry, to move or act quickly 3. to flee, to escape, to run away from danger or difficulty Declensions: - infinitive :: fløyg - imperative :: fløyg - imperative passive voice :: fløygask - present participle :: fløygand - past participle :: fløygit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygumk | | 2s | | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygsk | | 3s | | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygisk | | 1p | | fløygum | fløygim | flugum | fløygumk | | 2p | | fløygið | fløygið | fluguð | fløygisk | | 3p | | fløygið | fløygið | fluguð | fløygisk | *** foreld sn.m. {{{phon(ˈfor.eld)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#forellri][foreldri]] 1. parent | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | foreldr | foreldinn | foreldr | foreldinn | | Acc. | foreld | foreldin | foreld | foreldin | | Dat. | foreld | foreldin | foreldum | foreldinum | | Gen. | foreldir | foreldins | foreldir | foreldin | *** Frídag sn.m. {{{phon(frèdɑɣ)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#frj%C3%A1dagr][fríadagr]] 1. Friday, sixth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** fogl sn.m. {{{phon(fogl̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fugl][fugl]] 1. bird | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | fugl | fuglinn | fugl | fuglinn | | Acc. | fugl | fuglin | fugl | fuglin | | Dat. | fugl | fuglin | fuglum | fuglinum | | Gen. | fuglar | fuglins | fuglar | fuglin | *** fót sn.m. {{{phon(fɔ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%B3tr][fótr]] 1. foot 2. base, foundation; the lowest part or support of something | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | fótr | fótinn | fótr | fótinn | | Acc. | fót | fótin | fót | fótin | | Dat. | fót | fótin | fótum | fótinum | | Gen. | fótar | fótins | fótar | fótin | *** fœð wn.f. {{{phon(fœ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A6%C3%B0a2][fæða]] 1. food, nourishment; substance that provides nutrients for growth and maintenance; mostly used in the context of providing sustenance and nutrition, especially for animals; can refer to both human and animal food, with a focus on the nutritional aspect Similarly to [[file:./dictionary.md#mat][mat]], while it is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used to refer to different types of food. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | fœð | fœðat | fœðr | fœðatr | | Acc. | fœð | fœðat | fœð | fœðat | | Dat. | fœð | fœðat | fœðum | fœðatum | | Gen. | fœðs | fœðats | fœðs | fœðat | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#mat][mat]]. *** frjánd(i) wn.m. {{{phon(frjɛ̀nd)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fr%C3%A6ndi][frændi]] 1. uncle; the brother of one’s parent | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | frjánd | frjándit | frjándr | frjánditr | | Acc. | frjánd | frjándit | frjánd | frjándit | | Dat. | frjánd | frjándit | frjándum | frjánditum | | Gen. | frjánds | frjándits | frjánds | frjándit | *** frjándkon(a) sn.f. {{{phon(ˈfrjɛ̀nd.ˌkon)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#frjand-i][frjánd]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#kon-a][kon]] 1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (female) For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#kon-a][kon(a)]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#ill-a][ill (generic term for cousin)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#frjandman][frjándman (male cousin)]]. *** frjándman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈfrjɛ̀nd.ˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#frjand-i][frjánd]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male) For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#ill-a][ill (generic term for cousin)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#frjandkon-a][frjándkon (female cousin)]]. *** fylgj(a) wv. {{{phon(fyʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fylgja2][fylgja]] 1. to follow 2. to stand with (metaphorically) Declensions: - infinitive :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}} - imperative :: fylgja {{{phon(fyʎ)}}} - imperative passive voice :: fylgjask - present participle :: fylgjand - past participle :: fylgjat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | | 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | | 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | | 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | | 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | | 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | ** G *** gamal adj. {{{phon(ˈjɑmɑl)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gamall-I][gamall]] 1. old, ancient 2. old (age) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | gamall | gamalar | | Acc. | gamalum | gamalum | | Dat. | gamal | gamal | | Gen. | gamal | gamalar | | Pl.Nom. | gamals | gamals | | Acc. | gamalum | gamalum | | Dat. | gamalt | gamal | | Gen. | gamalt | gamall | *** gang(a) iv. {{{phon(jɑŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#ganga-A][ganga]] 1. to go, to walk, to move or travel on foot 2. to proceed, to advance, to move forward or make progress 3. to function, to open, to work or perform as intended Declensions: - infinitive :: gang - imperative :: gakk - imperative passive voice :: gangask - present participle :: gangand - past participle :: genginn | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangumk | | 2s | | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangsk | | 3s | | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangask | | 1p | | gangum | gangim | gangum | gangumk | | 2p | | gangið | gangið | ganguð | gangask | | 3p | | gangið | gangið | ganguð | gangask | *** gauð wn.f. {{{phon(jɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/) 1. a quarrel 2. a heated debate /(informal)/ Alternative form: *jauð* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | gauð | gauðit | gauðr | gauðitr | | Acc. | gauð | gauðit | gauð | gauðit | | Dat. | gauð | gauðit | gauðum | gauðitum | | Gen. | gauðs | gauðits | gauðs | gauðit | *** gauð(a) wv. {{{phon(jɔð)}}}, from Eittlandic [[file:./dictionary.md#gauð][gauð]] 1. to have a quarrel 2. to argue, have a heated debate /(informal)/ Alternative form: *jauð* Declensions: - infinitive :: gauð - imperative :: gauð - imperative passive voice :: gauðask - present participle :: gauðand - past participle :: gauðin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauðumk | | 2s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | | 3s | | gauðar | gauðir | gauðt | gauððisk | | 1p | | gauðum | gauðim | gauðum | gauðumk | | 2p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | | 3p | | gauðið | gauðið | gauðuð | gauððisk | *** gef sn.f. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gjef]] 1. gift, present Alternative form: *jev* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | gefr | gefinn | gefr | gefinn | | Acc. | gef | gefin | gef | gefin | | Dat. | gef | gefin | gefum | gefinum | | Gen. | gefar | gefins | gefar | gefin | *** gef(a) wv. {{{phon(jev)}}}, from Early Old Norse [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gj%C7%ABf#Old_Norse][gjef]] 1. to give; to transfer the possession of something to someone #+html: ::: tip Example Ek geft henn bókan. I gave her the book. #+html: ::: 2. to provide, to supply; to make something available for use #+html: ::: tip Example Hann gefr oss mat. He provides us with food. #+html: ::: 3. to cause, to bring about; to make something happen #+html: ::: tip Example Han geft hanum sorg. She caused him sorrow. #+html: ::: 4. to yield, to produce; to generate a result or outcome Declensions: - infinitive :: gef - imperative :: gef - imperative passive voice :: gefask - present participle :: gefand - past participle :: gefit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | gefar | gefir | geft | gefumk | | 2s | | gefar | gefir | geft | gefdisk | | 3s | | gefar | gefir | geft | gefdisk | | 1p | | gefum | gefim | gefum | gefumk | | 2p | | gefið | gefið | gefuð | gefdisk | | 3p | | gefið | gefið | gefuð | gefdisk | *** gegn adv. {{{phon(jeɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gegn#Old_Norse][gegn]] 1. against, opposing Alternative form: *jegn* *** geit sn.f. {{{phon(jɑɪt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#geit][geit]] 1. she-goat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | geitr | geitinn | geitr | geitinn | | Acc. | geit | geitin | geit | geitin | | Dat. | geit | geitin | geitum | geitinum | | Gen. | geitar | geitins | geitar | geitin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#haf][haf]] *** ger(a) iv. {{{phon(jer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B6ra][göra]] 1. to do, to make 2. to act Unlike its English counterpart /to do/, the Eittlandic verb /ger(a)/ is not a modal verb. Declensions: - infinitive :: ger - imperative :: ger - imperative passive voice :: gerask - present participle :: gerand - past participle :: gerð | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | ger | ger | gerð | gerumk | | 2s | | gerar | gerir | gerðir | gerisk | | 3s | | gerar | ger | gerðir | gerisk | | 1p | | gerum | gerim | gerðum | gerumk | | 2p | | gerið | gerið | gerðuð | gerisk | | 3p | | ger | ger | gerð | gerisk | *** gleym(a) sv. {{{phon(ɡløʏm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gleyma][gleyma]] 1. to forget Alternative form: *gløym* Declensions: - infinitive :: gleym - imperative :: gleym - imperative passive voice :: gleymsk - present participle :: gleymand - past participle :: gleymit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymumk | | 2s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | | 3s | | gleymar | gleymir | gleymt | gleymask | | 1p | | gleymum | gleymir | gleymum | gleymumk | | 2p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | | 3p | | gleymið | gleymið | gleymuð | gleymask | The verb /gleym/ takes a dative instead of an accusative. #+html: ::: tip Example 1. Ek gleymr opt lykillinum | ek | gleym-r | opt | lykill-inum | | 1s.NOM | forget-1s.PRES | often | key-pl.DAT.DEF. | I often forget the keys 2. Hann haft gleymt at far til borgin | hann | haft | gleymt | at | far | til | borg-in | | 3s.m.NOM | have.3s.PST | forget.3s.PST | to.DAT | go.INF | to | city-sg.DAT.DEF | He forgot to go to the city. #+html: ::: *** goð sn.n. {{{phon(joð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#go%C3%B0-A-IV-2][goð]] 1. monotheistic God, mainly Christian, but also Jewish and Muslim | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | goð | goðit | goð | goðitr | | Acc. | goð | goðit | goð | goðit | | Dat. | goð | goðit | goðum | goðitum | | Gen. | goðs | goðits | goðs | goðit | *** góð adj. {{{phon(jɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#g%C3%B3%C3%B0r-1][góðr]] 1. good | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | góðr | góðt | | Acc. | góð | góðt | | Dat. | góðum | góðum | | Gen. | góðs | góðs | | Pl.Nom. | góðar | góð | | Acc. | góð | góð | | Dat. | góðum | góðum | | Gen. | góðar | góðr | *** grað(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ɡrɑð)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus#Latin][gradus]] 1. degree (general) 2. degree (scholar) 3. degree (geometry) 4. degree (temperature) 5. grade (scholar) 6. military rank | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | grað | graðat | graðr | graðatr | | Acc. | grað | graðat | grað | graðat | | Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum | | Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat | *** grann(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ɡrɑnː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#granni][granni]] 1. neighbour, someone who lives nearby See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]] *** grá adj. {{{phon(ɡrɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A1r][grár]] 1. grey, silver (colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | grár | grát | | Acc. | grá | grát | | Dat. | grámum | grámum | | Gen. | grás | grás | | Pl.Nom. | grárar | grá | | Acc. | grá | grá | | Dat. | grámum | grámum | | Gen. | grárar | grár | *** gríp(a) sv. {{{phon(ɡrèp)}}}, from [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%ADpa][grípa]] 1. to ɡrip, to ɡrab, to seize; to take hold of something firmly #+html: ::: tip Example Ek grípt þat sterklig. I gripped it stronlgy. #+html: ::: 2. to grasp; to comprehend something mentally #+html: ::: tip Example Ek grípt eig hvat sagja hann. I did not grasp what he said. #+html: ::: Declensions: - infinitive :: gríp - imperative :: gríp - imperative passive voice :: grípask - present participle :: grípand - past participle :: grípit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | grípar | grípir | grípt | grípumk | | 2s | | grípar | grípir | grípt | grípask | | 3s | | grípar | grípir | grípt | grípask | | 1p | | grípum | grípim | grípum | grípumk | | 2p | | grípið | grípið | grípuð | grípask | | 3p | | grípið | grípið | grípuð | grípask | *** grœn adj. {{{phon(ɡrœ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A6nn][grǿnn]] 1. green 2. fresh 3. hopeful, good, happy 4. sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory) #+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as an adjective #+caption: groen-adj-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | grœnn | grœnt | | Acc. | grœn | grœnt | | Dat. | grœnum | grœnum | | Gen. | grœns | grœns | | Pl.Nom. | grœnar | grœn | | Acc. | grœn | grœn | | Dat. | grœnum | grœnum | | Gen. | grœnar | grœnn | #+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as a noun #+caption: groen-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | grœnn | grœninn | grœnn | grœninn | | Acc. | grœn | grœnin | grœn | grœnin | | Dat. | grœn | grœnin | grœnum | grœninum | | Gen. | grœnar | grœnins | grœnar | grœnin | *** gul {{{phon(jul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gull][gull]] 1. sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only) 2. sn.n. jewelry (countable) 3. adj. golden, yellow #+name: Declension of /gul/ as an adjective #+caption: gul-adjective-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | gull | gult | | Acc. | gul | gult | | Dat. | gulum | gulum | | Gen. | guls | guls | | Pl.Nom. | gular | gul | | Acc. | gul | gul | | Dat. | gulum | gulum | | Gen. | gular | gull | #+name: Declensions of /gul/ as a noun #+caption: gul-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | gul | gulit | gul | gulitr | | Acc. | gul | gulit | gul | gulit | | Dat. | gul | gulit | gulum | gulitum | | Gen. | guls | gulits | guls | gulit | ** H *** haf sn.m. {{{phon(hɑf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hafr][hafr]] 1. he-goat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | hafr | hafinn | hafr | hafinn | | Acc. | haf | hafin | haf | hafin | | Dat. | haf | hafin | hafum | hafinum | | Gen. | hafar | hafins | hafar | hafin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#geit][geit]] *** hals sn.m. {{{phon(hɑls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/hals#Old_Norse][hals]] 1. neck 2. throat 3. narrow passage or strait; a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hals | halsinn | hals | halsinn | | Acc. | hals | halsin | hals | halsin | | Dat. | hals | halsin | halsum | halsinum | | Gen. | halsar | halsins | halsar | halsin | *** han wn.m. {{{phon(hɑn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hani][hani]] 1. a rooster, a cock (animal only) 2. someone who is excessively proud, boastful, or self-important; a person who likes to show off or brag 3. a representation of vigilance, alertness, or watchfulness; a symbol of being on guard or assertive 4. (slightly dated) a representation of masculinity, virility, or male strength; a symbol of male dominance or prowess; used negatively by most native speakers that are not elderly 5. (dated) someone who is a leader or a dominant figure in a group; a person who likes being in charge of and guiding others | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | han | hanit | hanr | hanitr | | Acc. | han | hanit | han | hanit | | Dat. | han | hanit | hanum | hanitum | | Gen. | hans | hanits | hans | hanit | *** haust sn.n. {{{phon(hɔʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#haust][haust]] 1. automn, fall, the season of the year following summer and preceding winter, typically occurring from September to November in Eittland | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | haust | haustit | haust | haustitr | | Acc. | haust | haustit | haust | haustit | | Dat. | haust | haustit | haustum | haustitum | | Gen. | hausts | haustits | hausts | haustit | *** hav(a) iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]] 1. to have 2. stative auxilliary Declensions: - infinitive :: hav - imperative :: hav (except 2p /haft/) - imperative passive voice :: hafsk (except 1p /havumsk/) - present participle :: havand - past participle :: hafr | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |----+--------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------| | 1s | hav | hav | haft | haft | | 2s | havir | havir | haftir | haftir | | 3s | havir | hav | haft | haft | | 1p | havum | havim | haft | haft | | 2p | haft | haft | haftuð | haftið | | 3p | hav | hav | haft | haft | Note that there is no difference between singular and plural when using hav(a) in the passive voice. | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative Past | Subjunctive Past | |---+---------------------+---------------------+-----------------+------------------| | 1 | havumk | havumk | havumk | heðumk | | 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | | 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | *** hánd sn.f. {{{phon(hɛ̀nd)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6nd][hánd]] 1. hand 2. side,direction; a particular direction or orientation, often indicated by the left or right hand 3. agency, involvment; the role or part played by someone in a particular situation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hándr | hándinn | hándr | hándinn | | Acc. | hánd | hándin | hánd | hándin | | Dat. | hánd | hándin | hándum | hándinum | | Gen. | hándar | hándins | hándar | hándin | *** hár {{{phon(hɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%A1r][hár]] 1. (sn.f.) excellence, distinction; the quality of being outstanding or extremely good #+html: ::: tip Example Han havir hár í sér verkum #+html: ::: 2. (sn.f.) majesty; the quality or dignity of being majestic | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | hárr | hárinn | hárr | hárinn | | Acc. | hár | hárin | hár | hárin | | Dat. | hár | hárin | hárum | hárinum | | Gen. | hárar | hárins | hárar | hárin | *** hás adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀s)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6ss][háss]] 1. white (hair colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | háss | hást | | Acc. | hás | hást | | Dat. | hásum | hásum | | Gen. | háss | háss | | Pl.Nom. | hásar | hás | | Acc. | hás | hás | | Dat. | hásum | hásum | | Gen. | hásar | háss | *** háv adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀β)}}} 1. tall, high | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | hár | hávt | | Acc. | háv | hávt | | Dat. | hávum | hávum | | Gen. | hávs | hávs | | Pl.Nom. | hávar | háv | | Acc. | háv | háv | | Dat. | hávum | hávum | | Gen. | hávar | hávr | *** hávn sn.f. {{{phon(hɛ̀vn̩)}}} 1. haven, port, harbour | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hávnn | hávninn | hávnn | hávninn | | Acc. | hávn | hávnin | hávn | hávnin | | Dat. | hávn | hávnin | hávnum | hávninum | | Gen. | hávnar | hávnins | hávnar | hávnin | *** hávuð in.n. {{{phon(hɛ̀βoð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6fu%C3%B0-A][hǫfuð]] 1. head (body) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+----------| | Nom. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðitr | | Acc. | hávuð | hávuðit | hávuð | hávuðit | | Dat. | háð | háðit | hávum | hávitum | | Gen. | háðs | háðits | háðs | háðit | *** háðsdýn wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávuð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] 1. pillow, litt. “head-mattress” See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions. *** hef(ja) sv. {{{phon(hef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hefja-A][hefja]] 1. to heave, lift, raise, move something upward 2. to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of formality or significance 3. to elevate or raise the status or importance of something 4. to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu 5. to enhance or improve something Declensions: - infinitive :: hef - imperative :: hef - imperative passive voice :: hefjask - present participle :: hefjand - past participle :: hefit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefjumk | | 2s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | heftisk | | 3s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | heftisk | | 1p | | hefjum | hefim | hefjum | hefjumk | | 2p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | heftisk | | 3p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | heftisk | *** heim {{{phon(hɑɪm)}}} 1. sn.m. home 2. adv. (at) home #+name: Declension of /heim/ as a noun #+caption: heim-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | heimr | heiminn | heimr | heiminn | | Acc. | heim | heimin | heim | heimin | | Dat. | heim | heimin | heimum | heiminum | | Gen. | heimar | heimins | heimar | heimin | *** heils(a) wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]] 1. health | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | heils | heilsat | heilsr | heilsatr | | Acc. | heils | heilsat | heils | heilsat | | Dat. | heils | heilsat | heilsum | heilsatum | | Gen. | heilsas | heilsats | heilsas | heilsat | *** her wn.m. {{{phon(her)}}}, from Danish /herr/. 1. lord 2. Sir, title | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | her | herit | herr | heritr | | Acc. | her | herit | her | herit | | Dat. | her | herit | herum | heritum | | Gen. | hers | herits | hers | herit | *** hest sn.m. {{{phon(heʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hestr][hestr]] 1. horse (generic term) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hestr | hestinn | hestr | hestinn | | Acc. | hest | hestin | hest | hestin | | Dat. | hest | hestin | hestum | hestinum | | Gen. | hestar | hestins | hestar | hestin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#hros][hros]] *** himin sn.m. {{{phon(him.in)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#himinn-note][himinn]] 1. sky (generic term) 2. Christian heaven | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | himinn | himininn | himinn | himininn | | Acc. | himin | himinin | himin | himinin | | Dat. | himin | himinin | himinum | himininum | | Gen. | himinar | himinins | himinar | himinin | *** historja wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]] 1. history (school subject) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | historja | historjat | historjar | historjatr | | Acc. | historja | historjat | historja | historjat | | Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum | | Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat | *** hjá adj. {{{phon(çɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hj%C3%A1][hjá]] 1. near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically) 2. soon 3. by (a book /by/ this author) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | hjár | hját | | Acc. | hjá | hját | | Dat. | hjámum | hjámum | | Gen. | hjás | hjás | | Pl.Nom. | hjárar | hjá | | Acc. | hjá | hjá | | Dat. | hjámum | hjámum | | Gen. | hjárar | hjár | *** hjól sn.n. {{{phon(çɔ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]] 1. wheel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólitr | | Acc. | hjól | hjólit | hjól | hjólit | | Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum | | Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit | *** hlaup(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlaupa][hlaupa]] 1. to run 2. to rush (figuratively), to hurry Declensions: - infinitive :: hlaup - imperative :: hlaup - imperative passive voice :: hlaupask - present participle :: hlaupand - past participle :: hlaupit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupumk | | 2s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | | 3s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | | 1p | | hlaupum | hlaupim | hlaupum | hlaupumk | | 2p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | | 3p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | *** hler(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]] 1. to hear 2. to eaves-drop (accidentaly) Declensions: - infinitive :: hler - imperative :: hler - imperative passive voice :: hlerask (except 1p /hlerumk/) - present participle :: hlerand - past participle :: hlerit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerumk | | 2s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | | 3s | | hlerar | hlerir | hlert | hlerask | | 1p | | hlerum | hlerim | hlerum | hlerumk | | 2p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | | 3p | | hlerið | hlerið | hleruð | hlerask | Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/ if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See [[file:./dictionary.md#hlust-a][hlust(a)]]. *** hleð sn.n. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from EON /hleða/, see ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlj%C3%B3%C3%B0][hljóð]] 1. sound, noise, thing heard 2. unintelligible speech or conversation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðitr | | Acc. | hleð | hleðit | hleð | hleðit | | Dat. | hleð | hleðit | hleðum | hleðitum | | Gen. | hleðs | hleðits | hleðs | hleðit | *** hleð(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬeð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hleð][hleð]] 1. to make a noise 2. (colloquial) to speak in a manner inconvinencing other people around the speaker (e.g. loudly in a bus or on the train) Declensions: - infinitive :: hleð - imperative :: hleð - imperative passive voice :: hleðsk - present participle :: hleðand - past participle :: hleðat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðumk | | 2s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | | 3s | | hleðar | hleðir | hleðt | hleðask | | 1p | | hleðum | hleðim | hleðum | hleðumk | | 2p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | | 3p | | hleðið | hleðið | hleðuð | hleðask | *** hlóð wn.n. {{{phon(l̥ɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hl%C3%B3%C3%B0][hlóð]] 1. hearth 2. living room | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðr | hlóðitr | | Acc. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóð | hlóðit | | Dat. | hlóð | hlóðit | hlóðum | hlóðitum | | Gen. | hlóðs | hlóðits | hlóðs | hlóðit | *** hlust(a) wv. {{{phon(ɬuʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlusta][hlusta]] 1. to listen to Declensions: - infinitive :: hlust - imperative :: hlust - imperative passive voice :: hlustask (except 1p /hlustumk/) - present participle :: hlustand - past participle :: hlustit | | | | | | | | person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+-----------| | 1s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlustumk | | 2s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | | 3s | | hlustar | hlustir | hlustat | hlusttask | | 1p | | hlustum | hlustim | hlustum | hlustumk | | 2p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | | 3p | | hlustið | hlustið | hlustuð | hlusttask | Its secondary argument is always a secondary noun phrase following /tíl/ if there is one. If the secondary argument only is a noun, it will bear the dative case if the speaker’s dialect uses cases. See #+html: ::: tip Example 1. Han hlustr henn He’s listening to her 2. Hlustr þú til hvat sagjar ek? Are you listening to what I am saying? 3. Vér hlustum eigi We did not listen #+html: ::: *** hneis(a) wn.f. {{{phon(n̥ɑ:ɪs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hneisa][hneisa]] 1. shame, disgrace, fear 2. reclusion (out of shame or out of fear) 3. social isolation | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hneis | hneisat | hneisr | hneisatr | | Acc. | hneis | hneisat | hneis | hneisat | | Dat. | hneis | hneisat | hneisum | hneisatum | | Gen. | hneisas | hneisats | hneisas | hneisat | *** hneising wn.n. {{{phon(n̥ɑɪsinɡ)}}} 1. hermit 2. (modern) shut-in, hikikomori | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingr | hneisingitr | | Acc. | hneising | hneisingit | hneising | hneisingit | | Dat. | hneising | hneisingit | hneisingum | hneisingitum | | Gen. | hneisings | hneisingits | hneisings | hneisingit | *** hnjós(a) sv. {{{phon(ɲ̥ɔ̀ːs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hnj%C3%B3sa][hnjósa]] 1. to sneeze Declensions: - infinitive :: hnjós - imperative :: hnjós - imperative passive voice :: hnjósask - present participle :: hnjósand - past participle :: hnjósit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósumk | | 2s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | | 3s | | hnjósar | hnjósir | hnjóst | hnjósask | | 1p | | hnjósum | hnjósim | hnjósum | hnjósumk | | 2p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | | 3p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | *** hóst sn.m. {{{phon(hɔ̀ʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B3str][hóstr]] 1. lower part of the throat 2. chest | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hóstr | hóstinn | hóstr | hóstinn | | Acc. | hóst | hóstin | hóst | hóstin | | Dat. | hóst | hóstin | hóstum | hóstinum | | Gen. | hóstar | hóstins | hóstar | hóstin | *** hrifs wn.n. {{{phon(r̥ifs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]] 1. assault, mugging Alternative form: *hrivs* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsr | hrifsitr | | Acc. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifs | hrifsit | | Dat. | hrifs | hrifsit | hrifsum | hrifsitum | | Gen. | hrifs | hrifsits | hrifs | hrifsit | *** hring sn.m. {{{phon(r̥iŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hringr-I][hringr]] 1. ring | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | hringr | hringinn | hringr | hringinn | | Acc. | hring | hringin | hring | hringin | | Dat. | hring | hringin | hringum | hringinum | | Gen. | hringar | hringins | hringar | hringin | *** Hringarherinssagat pn. {{{phon(ˈr̥iŋ.ɑr.ˌher.ens.ˌsɑj.ɑt)}}} 1. /The Lord of the Rings/, litt. /The Story of the Lord of the Ring/ *** hros sn.n. {{{phon(r̩os)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hross][hross]] 1. horse; archaic, poetic word with a connotation of nobility, strength, or wilderness | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hros | hrosit | hros | hrositr | | Acc. | hros | hrosit | hros | hrosit | | Dat. | hros | hrosit | hrosum | hrositum | | Gen. | hross | hrosits | hross | hrosit | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#hest][hest]] *** hug(a) sv. {{{phon(huɣ)}}} 1. to mind, to think 2. to dwell on 3. to meditate Declensions: - infinitive :: hug - imperative :: hug - imperative passive voice :: hugask - present participle :: hugand - past participle :: hugit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugumk | | 2s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | | 3s | | hugar | hugir | hugat | hugask | | 1p | | hugum | hugim | hugum | hugumk | | 2p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | | 3p | | hugið | hugið | huguð | hugask | *** hugaleið(a) wv. {{{phon(ˌhujœˈlɑːɪð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hug-a][hug(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#leið-a][leið(a)]] 1. lead, guide spiritually or philosophically 2. officiate a religious event Declensions: - infinitive :: hugaleið - imperative :: hugaleið - imperative passive voice :: hugaleiðask - present participhugale :: hugaleiðand - past participhugale :: hugaleiðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------------+--------------| | 1s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiðumk | | 2s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | | 3s | | hugaleiðar | hugaleiðir | hugaleiðt | hugaleiððisk | | 1p | | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðim | hugaleiðum | hugaleiðumk | | 2p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | | 3p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | *** hund sn.m. {{{phon(hund)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hundr][hundr]] 1. dog | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hundr | hundinn | hundr | hundinn | | Acc. | hund | hundin | hund | hundin | | Dat. | hund | hundin | hundum | hundinum | | Gen. | hundar | hundins | hundar | hundin | *** hús sn.n. {{{phon(hòs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%BAs][hús]] 1. house 2. family | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | hús | húsit | hús | húsitr | | Acc. | hús | húsit | hús | húsit | | Dat. | hús | húsit | húsum | húsitum | | Gen. | hús | húsits | hús | húsit | *** hval sn.m. {{{phon(ʍɑl)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvalr][hvalr]] 1. whale | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hvall | hvalinn | hvall | hvalinn | | Acc. | hval | hvalin | hval | hvalin | | Dat. | hval | hvalin | hvalum | hvalinum | | Gen. | hvalar | hvalins | hvalar | hvalin | *** hvar pron. {{{phon(ʍɑr)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvar#Old_Norse][hvar]] 1. where Always in the dative case. *** hvat interr. {{{phon(ʍɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hvat#Old_Norse][hvat]] 1. what | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | hvat | | Acc. | hvat | | Dat. | hvat | | Gen. | hves | *** hvenár interr. {{{phon(ʍen.ˈɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvenar][hvenær]] 1. when *** hver interr. and pron. {{{phon(ʍer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hverr2-A][hverr]] 1. which, who 2. every, every one, each | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | hver | | Acc. | hven | | Dat. | hvem | | Gen. | hves | When used in its /every/ meaning, the following noun or noun phrase can be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while /hver/ bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns. #+html: ::: tip Example - Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han You’re listening to everything he/she says - Hver át epil mín? Who / which one of you ate my apple? #+html: ::: *** hvernig interr. {{{phon(ˈʍern.eɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hvernig][hvernig]] 1. how, in what way *** hversdag {{{phon(hvers.daɣ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]] 1. adj. daily, everyday 2. adv. daily, everyday #+name: Declension of /hversdag/ as an adjective #+caption: hversdag-adjective-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+------------+------------| | Sg.Nom. | hversdagr | hversdagt | | Acc. | hversdag | hversdagt | | Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum | | Gen. | hversdags | hversdags | | Pl.Nom. | hversdagar | hversdag | | Acc. | hversdag | hversdag | | Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum | | Gen. | hversdagar | hversdagr | *** hví adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]] 1. why Alternative form: *hve* *** hvíl(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADla2][hvíla]] 1. bedroom 2. family bed (dated) Alternative form: *hvel(a)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíll | hvílatr | | Acc. | hvíl | hvílat | hvíl | hvílat | | Dat. | hvíl | hvílat | hvílum | hvílatum | | Gen. | hvíls | hvílats | hvíls | hvílat | *** hvílskláð(i) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈʍèlʃ.kˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hvil-a][hvíl]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð]] 1. bedroom clothes, evening clothes Alternative form: *hvelskléð(i)* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] for declensions. *** hvít adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr][hvítr]] 1. white | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | hvítr | hvítt | | Acc. | hvít | hvítt | | Dat. | hvítum | hvítum | | Gen. | hvíts | hvíts | | Pl.Nom. | hvítar | hvít | | Acc. | hvít | hvít | | Dat. | hvítum | hvítum | | Gen. | hvítar | hvítr | ** I *** -ig(i) suffix {{{phon(iɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#-gi][-gi]] 1. negative, no, not *** -ing suffix {{{phon(iŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ing#Old_Norse][-ing]] 1. forms nouns denoting actions, results, or products of the verb to which it is attached #+html: ::: tip Example - [[file:./dictionary.md#veit-a][veit]] → veiting (provision, serving) - [[file:./dictionary.md#syng-ja][syng]] → synging (singing, song) - [[file:./dictionary.md#les-a][les]] → lesing (reading, recitation) #+html: ::: 2. forms nouns denoting a state or condition related to the verb #+html: ::: tip Example - [[file:./dictionary.md#hav-a][hav]] → having (possession, holding) #+html: ::: *** ikkí interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}}, probably a Tunrit borrowing 1. How cold! Brr! *** ilag(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ilɑj)}}}, from Tunrit 1. a close, non-familial friend, a trusted companion 2. a member of one's chosen family This term emphasizes an emotional bond, whereas [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] is the general term for friends or associates. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]]. *** ilagaskap sn.m. {{{phon(ˈil.ɑj.ɑ.ˌʃkɑp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ilag-a][ilag(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#skap][skap]] 1. close friendship, camaradery; a deep, affectionate bond between friends For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#skap][skap]]. *** ilaglig adj. and adv. {{{phon(il.ɑɡ.liɣ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ilag-a][ilag(a)]] 1. friendly, affectionate, amicable | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-----------+-----------| | Sg.Nom. | ilagligr | ilagligt | | Acc. | ilaglig | ilagligt | | Dat. | ilagligum | ilagligum | | Gen. | ilagligs | ilagligs | | Pl.Nom. | ilagligar | ilaglig | | Acc. | ilaglig | ilaglig | | Dat. | ilagligum | ilagligum | | Gen. | ilagligar | ilagligr | *** ill(u) sn.m. {{{phon(ilː)}}}, inherited for Tunrit 1. cousin; the child of one’s parent’s sibling (male or female), with the connotation of being a close friend or companion | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ill | illut | ill | illutr | | Acc. | ill | illut | ill | illut | | Dat. | ill | illut | illum | illutum | | Gen. | ills | illuts | ills | illut | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#frjandkon-a][frjándkon (female cousin)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#frjandman][frjándman (male cousin)]]. *** inhald wn.n. {{{phon(ˈinhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/i.php#innihald][innihald]] 1. written content 2. web page content | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | inhald | inhaldit | inhaldr | inhalditr | | Acc. | inhald | inhaldit | inhald | inhaldit | | Dat. | inhald | inhaldit | inhaldum | inhalditum | | Gen. | inhalds | inhaldits | inhalds | inhaldit | *** iþat adv. {{{phon(iθat)}}}, from OE /eptir þat/. 1. nevertheless, nonetheless Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast *** Internet sn.f. {{{phon(ent.ern.ˈet)}}}, from English /Internet/ 1. Internet | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | Internetr | Internetinn | Internetr | Internetinn | | Acc. | Internet | Internetin | Internet | Internetin | | Dat. | Internet | Internetin | Internetum | Internetinum | | Gen. | Internetar | Internetins | Internetar | Internetin | ** Í *** í prep. {{{phon(è)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/ii.php#%C3%AD][í]] /Í/ indicates location or position inside something. When indicating a motion, the accusative is triggered, while the accusative is used when it indicates a location. 1. in, within, used to indicate location or position inside something #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek býr í þett húsit I live in this house - Bókin er í skápin The book is in the cabinet #+html: ::: 2. into, used to indicate movement or direction into something #+html: ::: tip Example - Han gekk í húsit She went to the house - Hann lítt í bilitum He looked inside the cars #+html: ::: 3. in, during, used to indicate a period of time #+html: ::: tip Example Vár farum í sumarit We traveled in the summR #+html: ::: *** ís sn.m. {{{phon(ès)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/ii.php#%C3%ADss][íss]] 1. ice | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | íss | ísinn | íss | ísinn | | Acc. | ís | ísin | ís | ísin | | Dat. | ís | ísin | ísum | ísinum | | Gen. | ísar | ísins | ísar | ísin | ** J *** jak wn.n. {{{phon(jak)}}}, from Tibetan [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%82#Tibetan][yak (གཡག)]]. 1. yak | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | yak | yakit | yakr | yakitr | | Acc. | yak | yakit | yak | yakit | | Dat. | yak | yakit | yakum | yakitum | | Gen. | yaks | yakits | yaks | yakit | *** já {{{phon(jɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%A1#Old_Norse][já]] 1. adv. yes 2. interj. yes (as an exclamation of joy) ** K *** kanik sn.n. {{{phon(kan.ek)}}}, probably a Tunrit word 1. cold, snowy rain; precipitation that falls as snow or a mix of rain and snow, typically in colder temperatures | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | kanik | kanikit | kanik | kanikitr | | Acc. | kanik | kanikit | kanik | kanikit | | Dat. | kanik | kanikit | kanikum | kanikitum | | Gen. | kaniks | kanikits | kaniks | kanikit | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#regn][regn]] *** kanik(a) wv. {{{phon(kan.ek)}}}, probably a Tunrit word 1. to snow rain; for precipitation to fall as a mix of rain and snow; see [[file:./dictionary.md#kanik][kanik]] Declensions: - infinitive :: kanik - imperative :: kanik - imperative passive voice :: kanikask - present participle :: kanikand - past participle :: kanikit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+------------| | 1s | | kanikar | kanikir | kanikt | kanikumk | | 2s | | kanikar | kanikir | kanikt | kanikaðisk | | 3s | | kanikar | kanikir | kanikt | kanikaðisk | | 1p | | kanikum | kanikim | kanikum | kanikumk | | 2p | | kanikið | kanikið | kanikuð | kanikaðisk | | 3p | | kanikið | kanikið | kanikuð | kanikaðisk | *** kann iv.mod. {{{phon(kanː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kunna-A][kunna]] 1. can 2. to be able to Note that, as a modal verb, /kann/ is onli conjugated in a handful of tenses and moods Declensions: - infinitive :: kann | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Past and Subj. Pres. | |--------+---+------------+----------------------| | 1s | | kann | kunn | | 2s | | kannt | kunn | | 3s | | kann | kunn | | 1p | | kannum | kunnim | | 2p | | kannuð | kunnið | | 3p | | kann | kunn | *** kaup wn.n. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaup][kaup]] 1. commerce 2. bargain, barter Alternative form: *kóp* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | kaup | kaupit | kaupr | kaupitr | | Acc. | kaup | kaupit | kaup | kaupit | | Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum | | Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit | *** kaup(a) wv. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaupa-B][kaupa]] 1. to make business by selling goods, to do commerce 2. to bargain, to barter 3. to exchange Declensions: - infinitive :: kaup - imperative :: kaup - imperative passive voice :: kaupask - present participle :: kaupand - past participle :: kaupit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+---------| | 1s | | kaupar | kaupar | kaupar | kaupum | | 2s | | kaupið | kaupið | kaupir | kaupir | | 3s | | kaupir | kaupim | kaupið | kaupið | | 1p | | kaupt | kaupt | kaupt | kaupum | | 2p | | kaupuð | kaupuð | kaupumk | kaupisk | | 3p | | kaupðisk | kaupumk | kaupðisk | kaupisk | *** kájak sn.m. {{{phon(kɛ̀jɑk)}}}, from Tunrit 1. kayak; small boat, barque, genrally for one person | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | kajakr | kajakinn | kajakr | kajakinn | | Acc. | kajak | kajakin | kajak | kajakin | | Dat. | kajak | kajakin | kajakum | kajakinum | | Gen. | kajakar | kajakins | kajakar | kajakin | *** káppok adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀ɸːok)}}}, Tunrit borrowing 1. peckish, a little hungry Alternative form: *kéffok* | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | káppokr | káppokt | | Acc. | káppok | káppokt | | Dat. | káppokum | káppokum | | Gen. | káppoks | káppoks | | Pl.Nom. | káppokar | káppok | | Acc. | káppok | káppok | | Dat. | káppokum | káppokum | | Gen. | káppokar | káppokr | *** kátt sn.m. {{{phon(kɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%B6ttr][kǫttr]] 1. cat | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | káttr | káttinn | káttr | káttinn | | Acc. | kátt | káttin | kátt | káttin | | Dat. | kátt | káttin | káttum | káttinum | | Gen. | káttar | káttins | káttar | káttin | *** kenn(a) wv. {{{phon(kenː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kenna-B][kenna]] 1. to know, to recognize 2. to teach, when the patient is a dative element 3. to perceive, to sense 4. to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate sentence Declensions: - infinitive :: kenn - imperative :: kenn - imperative passive voice :: kennask - present participle :: kennand - past participle :: kennit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kennumk | | 2s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | | 3s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | | 1p | | kennum | kennim | kennum | kennumk | | 2p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | | 3p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | *** ker wn.n. {{{phon(ker)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#ker][ker]] 1. recipient, bassin 2. vessel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ker | kerit | kerr | keritr | | Acc. | ker | kerit | ker | kerit | | Dat. | ker | kerit | kerum | keritum | | Gen. | kers | kerits | kers | kerit | *** kék adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀k)}}}, Tunrit borrowing 1. gray (hair colour) | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | kékr | kékt | | Acc. | kék | kékt | | Dat. | kékum | kékum | | Gen. | kéks | kéks | | Pl.Nom. | kékar | kék | | Acc. | kék | kék | | Dat. | kékum | kékum | | Gen. | kékar | kékr | *** kept sn.m. {{{phon(keɸt)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kjaptr][keptr]] 1. jaw 2. grip, hold; the act of grasping or seizing something with the jaws or mouth | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | keptr | keptinn | keptr | keptinn | | Acc. | kept | keptin | kept | keptin | | Dat. | kept | keptin | keptum | keptinum | | Gen. | keptar | keptins | keptar | keptin | *** kláð(a) sv. {{{phon(klɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0a][kláða]] 1. to clothe 2. to drape something 3. to put cloth or clothes over something Declensions: - infinitive :: kláð - imperative :: kláð - imperative passive voice :: kláðask - present participle :: kláðand - past participle :: klánit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðumk | | 2s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | | 3s | | kláðar | kláðir | kláðt | kláðask | | 1p | | kláðum | kláðim | kláðum | kláðumk | | 2p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | | 3p | | kláðið | kláðið | kláðuð | kláðask | #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek kláðr ná mik I’m dressing up - Þú kláðt sáingin You made the bed / you put the sheets on the bed #+html: ::: *** kláð(i) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈklɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0i-I][klæði]] 1. cloth 2. thing that covers 3. (pl) clothes | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | kláð | kláðit | kláðr | kláðitr | | Acc. | kláð | kláðit | kláð | kláðit | | Dat. | kláð | kláðit | kláðum | kláðitum | | Gen. | kláðs | kláðits | kláðs | kláðit | *** kné sn.n. {{{phon(knɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kn%C3%A9][kné]] 1. knee (anatomy) 2. bend, curve; a part where something is bent or curved | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+------+---------| | Nom. | kné | knét | kné | knétr | | Acc. | kné | knét | kné | knét | | Dat. | kné | knét | kném | knétum | | Gen. | knés | knéts | knés | knét | *** kom(a) iv. {{{phon(kom)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/koma#Old_Norse][koma]] 1. to come Declensions: - infinitive :: kom - imperative :: kom - imperative passive voice :: komask - present participle :: komand - past participle :: kominn | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømumk | | 2s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | | 3s | | kømar | kom | kœmt | kømsk | | 1p | | komum | komim | kómum | kómumk | | 2p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | | 3p | | komið | komið | kómuð | kómsk | *** kon(a) sn.f. {{{phon(kon)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kona][kona]] 1. woman 2. wife (colloquial) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | konr | konann | konr | konann | | Acc. | kon | konan | kon | konan | | Dat. | kon | konan | konum | konanum | | Gen. | konar | konans | konar | konan | *** Konung sn.m. {{{phon(ˈkon.oŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/konungr#Old_Norse][konungr]] 1. king Alternative form: *Konong* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | Konungr | Konunginn | Konungr | Konunginn | | Acc. | Konung | Konungin | Konung | Konungin | | Dat. | Konung | Konungin | Konungum | Konunginum | | Gen. | Konungar | Konungins | Konungar | Konungin | *** konunɡliɡ {{{phon(kon.oŋ.leɣ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] and suffix /-lig/. 1. adv. royaly 2. adj. royal Alternative form: *kononglej* #+name: Declension of /konunglig/ as an adjective #+caption: konunglig-adjective-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-------------+-------------| | Sg.Nom. | konungligr | konungligt | | Acc. | konunglig | konungligt | | Dat. | konungligum | konungligum | | Gen. | konungligs | konungligs | | Pl.Nom. | konungligar | konunglig | | Acc. | konunglig | konunglig | | Dat. | konungligum | konungligum | | Gen. | konungligar | konungligr | *** kú sn.f. {{{phon(kò)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BDr][kýr]] 1. cow | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | kúr | kúnn | kúr | kúnn | | Acc. | kú | kún | kú | kún | | Dat. | kú | kún | kúm | kúnum | | Gen. | kúr | kúns | kúr | kún | *** kúr(a) sv. {{{phon(kòr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BAra][kúra]] 1. to nap (not in a bed or a [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]]) Alternative form: *kor(a)* Declensions: - infinitive :: kúr - imperative :: kúr - imperative passive voice :: kúrask - present participle :: kúrand - past participle :: kúrit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrumk | | 2s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | | 3s | | kúrar | kúrir | kúrt | kúrðask | | 1p | | kúrum | kúrim | kúrum | kúrumk | | 2p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | | 3p | | kúrið | kúrið | kúruð | kúrðask | ** L *** land sn.n. {{{phon(lɑnd)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse][land]] 1. land 2. country | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | land | landit | land | landitr | | Acc. | land | landit | land | landit | | Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum | | Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit | *** lat adj. {{{phon(lɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr]] 1. lazy 2. with slow reaction time | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | latr | latt | | Acc. | lat | latt | | Dat. | latum | latum | | Gen. | lats | lats | | Pl.Nom. | latar | lat | | Acc. | lat | lat | | Dat. | latum | latum | | Gen. | latar | latr | *** Laurdag sn.m. {{{phon(ˈlɔr.ˌdɑɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#laug-IV][laugardagr]] 1. Saturday, seventh day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** lág sn.n. {{{phon(lɛ̀ɣ)}}} 1. law, plural only | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | lág | lágit | lág | lágitr | | Acc. | lág | lágit | lág | lágit | | Dat. | lág | lágit | lágum | lágitum | | Gen. | lágs | lágits | lágs | lágit | *** lágsman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈlɛ̀ɡsˌman)}}} 1. lawyer, attorney For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]. *** lás(a) wv. {{{phon(lɛ̀s)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%A6sa][læsa]] 1. to lock 2. to shut (somewhat securely) Declensions: - infinitive :: lás - imperative :: lás - imperative passive voice :: lásask - present participle :: lásand - past participle :: lásin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lásumk | | 2s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | | 3s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | | 1p | | lásum | lásim | lásum | lásumk | | 2p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | | 3p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | *** leik {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}} 1. sn.f. plaything 2. sn.m. game | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | leikr | leikinn | leikr | leikinn | | Acc. | leik | leikin | leik | leikin | | Dat. | leik | leikin | leikum | leikinum | | Gen. | leikar | leikins | leikar | leikin | *** leik(a) sv. {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}} 1. to play Declensions: - infinitive :: leik - imperative :: leik - imperative passive voice :: leikask - present participle :: leikand - past participle :: leikit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikumk | | 2s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | | 3s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | | 1p | | leikum | leikim | leikum | leikumk | | 2p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | | 3p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | *** leið(a) wv. {{{phon(lɑːɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lei%C3%B0a][leiða]] 1. to lead, to show the way 2. to drive (large transportation vehicles) Declensions: - infinitive :: leið - imperative :: leið - imperative passive voice :: leiðask - present participle :: leiðand - past participle :: leiðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind Pres | Subj. Pres. | Past | Pass. | |--------+---+----------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiðumk | | 2s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | | 3s | | leiðar | leiðir | leiðt | leiððisk | | 1p | | leiðum | leiðim | leiðum | leiðumk | | 2p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | | 3p | | leiðið | leiðið | leiðuð | leiððisk | *** legg sn.m. {{{phon(leɡ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#leggr][leggr]] 1. leg (anatomy) 2. limb 3. part of a journey or race; a stage or section of a trip | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | leggr | legginn | leggr | legginn | | Acc. | legg | leggin | legg | leggin | | Dat. | legg | leggin | leggum | legginum | | Gen. | leggar | leggins | leggar | leggin | *** lent(e) sn.f. {{{phon(lent)}}}, probable Tunrit borrowing 1. spring, the season of the year following winter and preceding summer, typically occurring in Eittland from March to June | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | lentr | lentenn | lentr | lentenn | | Acc. | lent | lenten | lent | lenten | | Dat. | lent | lenten | lentum | lentenum | | Gen. | lenter | lentens | lenter | lenten | *** les(a) sv. {{{phon(les)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lesa-II][lesa]] 1. to read Declensions: - infinitive :: les - imperative :: les - imperative passive voice :: lesask - present participle :: lesand - past participle :: lesit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesumk | | 2s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | | 3s | | lesar | lesir | lest | lesask | | 1p | | lesum | lesim | lesum | lesumk | | 2p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | | 3p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | *** ligg(ja) wv. {{{phon(liɡ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#liggja][liggja]] 1. to lie, to be in a horizontal position, to rest or recline, especially on a surface 2. to be situated, to be located, to occupy a particular place or position Declensions: - infinitive :: ligg - imperative :: ligg - imperative passive voice :: liggask - present participle :: liggand - past participle :: liggit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | liggjar | liggir | lá | liggumk | | 2s | | liggjar | liggir | lá | ligdisk | | 3s | | liggjar | liggir | lá | ligdisk | | 1p | | liggum | liggim | lággum | liggumk | | 2p | | liggið | liggið | lágguð | ligdisk | | 3p | | liggið | liggið | lágguð | ligdisk | *** list wn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#list][list]] 1. art, craft 2. skill | | Sg. | Pl. | |------+-------+--------| | Nom. | list | listr | | Acc. | list | list | | Dat. | list | listum | | Gen. | lists | lists | *** list(i) sn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#listi][listi]] 1. list 2. catalogue | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | listr | listinn | listr | listinn | | Acc. | list | listin | list | listin | | Dat. | list | listin | listum | listinum | | Gen. | listir | listins | listir | listin | *** listsmið sn.m. {{{phon(liʃtsmið)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]] 1. craftsman, artist For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]]. *** lit sn.m. {{{phon(lit)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#litr][litr]] 1. colour, hue 2. shade, tint 3. dye | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | litr | litinn | litr | litinn | | Acc. | lit | litin | lit | litin | | Dat. | lit | litin | litum | litinum | | Gen. | litar | litins | litar | litin | *** lit(a) wv. {{{phon(lit)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lita][lita]] 1. to colour 2. to paint 3. to dye Declensions: - infinitive :: lit - imperative :: lit - imperative passive voice :: litask - present participle :: litand - past participle :: litit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | litar | litir | litt | litumk | | 2s | | litar | litir | litt | littisk | | 3s | | litar | litir | litt | littisk | | 1p | | litum | litim | litum | litumk | | 2p | | litið | litið | lituð | littisk | | 3p | | litið | litið | lituð | littisk | *** líf sn.n. {{{phon(lèv)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADf][líf]] 1. life 2. the period during which something is functional or durable 3. a way or manner of living 4. the state or fact of being alive 5. vitality, energy, or spirit Alternative form: *lef* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | líf | lífit | líf | lífitr | | Acc. | líf | lífit | líf | lífit | | Dat. | líf | lífit | lífum | lífitum | | Gen. | lífs | lífits | lífs | lífit | **** hav líf 1. to be energetic 2. to be enthusiastic, positive *** lífsván sn.f. {{{phon(ˌlèfsˈvɛ̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#lif][líf]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#van][ván]] 1. raison d’être 2. life hope 3. vocation, calling, mission Alternative form: *lefsvén* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | lífsvánn | lífsváninn | | Acc. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsván | lífsvánin | | Dat. | lífsván | lífsvánin | lífsvánum | lífsváninum | | Gen. | lífsvánn | lífsvánins | lífsvánn | lífsvánin | *** lík(a) {{{phon(lèk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADka][líka]] 1. (wv) to like 2. (adv) like, similar to 3. (adv) also #+html: ::: tip Example Hann talar á Ensk og líka Fransk. He speaks English and also French. #+html: ::: - infinitive :: lík - imperative :: lík - imperative passive voice :: lekask - present participle :: lekand - past participle :: lekit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líkumk | | 2s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | | 3s | | líkar | líkir | líkt | líktisk | | 1p | | líkum | líkim | líkum | líkumk | | 2p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | | 3p | | líkið | líkið | líkuð | líktisk | *** lít(a) sv. {{{phon(lèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADta][líta]] 1. to look at, to behold, to see Declensions: - infinitive :: lít - imperative :: lít - imperative passive voice :: lítask - present participle :: lítand - past participle :: lítit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítumk | | 2s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | | 3s | | lítar | lítir | lítt | lítask | | 1p | | lítum | lítim | lítum | lítumk | | 2p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | | 3p | | lítuð | lítið | lítuð | lítask | The semantic subject of the verb will always bear the dative case. #+html: ::: tip Example Han lítt í húsit sín. She looked at her house. | han | lít-t | í | hús-it | sín | | 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN | #+html: ::: *** ljós sn.n. {{{phon(ljɔ̀s)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lj%C3%B3s][ljós]] 1. light, the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible 2. illumination, the act or process of supplying or distributing light 3. brightness, the quality or state of being bright, used in scientific contexts, refering to the specific amount of brightness, see also [[file:./dictionary.md#birt-i][birt(i)]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | ljós | ljósit | ljós | ljósitr | | Acc. | ljós | ljósit | ljós | ljósit | | Dat. | ljós | ljósit | ljósum | ljósitum | | Gen. | ljóss | ljósits | ljóss | ljósit | *** lok(a) sv. {{{phon(lok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#loka2][loka]] 1. to finish, to complete, to bring something to an end #+html: ::: tip Example Hann lokt verkit He finished the work #+html: ::: 2. to close, to shut, to move something so that it covers or blocks an opening #+html: ::: tip Example Han lokt dyrinn She closed the door #+html: ::: 3. to shut, to shut down #+html: ::: tip Example Lokt þú vétalat? Did you shut down the computer? #+html: ::: 4. to lock, to secure something so that it cannot be opened without a key or special means #+html: ::: tip Example Hann lokt dyrinn með lykilit He locked the door with the key #+html: ::: Declensions: - infinitive :: lok - imperative :: lok - imperative passive voice :: lokask - present participle :: lokand - past participle :: lokin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokumk | | 2s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | | 3s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | | 1p | | lokum | lokim | lokum | lokumk | | 2p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | | 3p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | *** *** lykil wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]] 1. key (to a keyhole, to a lock,…) 2. musical key | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | lykil | lykilit | lykill | lykilitr | | Acc. | lykil | lykilit | lykil | lykilit | | Dat. | lykil | lykilit | lykilum | lykilitum | | Gen. | lykils | lykilits | lykils | lykilit | ** M *** mag(i) wn.m. {{{phon(mɑɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#magi][magi]] 1. stomach (organ) 2. belly, abdomen 3. appetite, desire; a strong feeling of hunger or craving for food #+html: ::: tip Example Ek hav mikil mag. I have a big appetite. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | mag | magit | magr | magitr | | Acc. | mag | magit | mag | magit | | Dat. | mag | magit | magum | magitum | | Gen. | mags | magits | mags | magit | *** man in.m. {{{phon(mɑn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#ma%C3%B0r][maðr]] 1. man 2. person 3. husband (colloquial) 4. interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | maðr | maðinn | meðr | meðinn | | Acc. | mann | mannin | menn | mennin | | Dat. | mann | mannin | mennum | menninum | | Gen. | manns | mannins | menns | mennin | *** man(u) iv. {{{phon(mɑn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munu][munu]] 1. auxilliary verb to express the future, will, shall #+html: ::: tip Example Vér munum far til sjónvarphúsit ok eptirdag We will go to the theatre tomorrow #+html: ::: 2. will, shall, must #+html: ::: tip Example Þú man les að bókan. You will/must read the book. #+html: ::: 3. polite conditional when used in the subjunctive #+html: ::: tip Example Ef hann mynir kom... If he comes... #+html: ::: 4. likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood Declensions: - infinitive :: man - imperative :: mun - present participle :: munand | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------| | 1s | | man | mynir | mynd | | 2s | | man | mynir | mynd | | 3s | | man | mynir | mynd | | 1p | | munum | mynim | myndum | | 2p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | | 3p | | munuð | mynið | mynduð | *** mastergrað(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈmɑʃterˌɡrɑð)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/master#English][Master]] and Middle Eittlandic /graða/ (see [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]]) 1. Master's degree See [[file:./dictionary.md#grað-a][grað(a)]] for declensions. *** maðr Nominative of [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] *** mál(a) wv. {{{phon(mɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] 1. to measure 2. to determine a size or a quantity 3. to estimate Declensions: - infinitive :: mál - imperative :: mál - imperative passive voice :: málask - present participle :: máland - past participle :: málin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | málar | málir | mált | málumk | | 2s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk | | 3s | | málar | málir | mált | málisk | | 1p | | málum | málim | málum | málumk | | 2p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | | 3p | | málið | málið | máluð | málisk | *** málskipan sn.f. {{{phon(ˈmɛ̀lˌʃkipɑn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][mæla]] and OE [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]] 1. language (i.e. Eittlandic, English, Japanese…) For its declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#skipan][skipan]]. *** mán(i) wn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1ni][máni]] 1. the moon 2. a moon | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | mán | mánit | mánr | mánitr | | Acc. | mán | mánit | mán | mánit | | Dat. | mán | mánit | mánum | mánitum | | Gen. | máns | mánits | máns | mánit | Like [[file:./dictionary.md#sol][sól]], the definite and plural form of /mán/ are modern and generally used to refer to a moon in its astronomical sense. In general Eittlandic, /Mán/ tends to more often means /the moon/. In written Eittlandic, /mán/ generally means /a moon/, while /Mán/ generally means /the (Earth’s) moon/. *** mánsveg sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀ns.βeɣ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#man-i][mán(i)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#veg][veg]] 1. sky, with a connotation with space (litteraly /moon's way/) 2. stratosphere For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#veg][veg]] *** Mánsdag sn.m. {{{phon(mɛ̀nsdaɣ)}}} from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A1nadagr][mánadagr]] 1. Monday, second day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** mat sn.m. {{{phon(mɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#matr][matr]] 1. food; any substance that people or animals eat to live and grow; often used in the context of meals and the enjoyment of eating, especially for humans; typically refers to human food and the act of eating, with a focus on the culinary aspect | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | matr | matinn | matr | matinn | | Acc. | mat | matin | mat | matin | | Dat. | mat | matin | matum | matinum | | Gen. | matar | matins | matar | matin | While this is an uncountable noun, its plural form can be used when referring to different types of food or meat. #+html: ::: tip Example - Han lítar í matin She takes a look at the food - Han lítar í matinum She takes a look at the different types of food #+html: ::: See also [[file:./dictionary.md#fœð][fœð]]. *** metr(o) wn.n. {{{phon(metr)}}}, from French “métro” 1. subway, underground | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | metr | metrot | metror | metrotr | | Acc. | metr | metrot | metr | metrot | | Dat. | metr | metrot | metrum | metrotum | | Gen. | metros | metrots | metros | metrot | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#undirland][undirland]] *** með adv. {{{phon(með)}}} 1. with 2. prefix with, co-smth. See *** Meðkonung sn.m. {{{phon(meðˈkonoŋ)}}}, see [[file:./dictionary.md#með][með]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][konung]] 1. Co-King Alternative form: *Meðkonong* See [[file:./dictionary.md#konung][Konung]] for declension. *** mikil adj. {{{phon(mikil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mikill-B][mikill]] 1. big, large; having considerable size or extent 2. great, important; having significant value or influence 3. much, a lot; a large amount or quantity | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | mikill | mikilt | | Acc. | mikil | mikilt | | Dat. | mikilum | mikilum | | Gen. | mikils | mikils | | Pl.Nom. | mikilar | mikil | | Acc. | mikil | mikil | | Dat. | mikilum | mikilum | | Gen. | mikilar | mikill | *** mið adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][miðr]] 1. middle (physically and temporaly) 2. midways | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | miðr | miðt | | Acc. | mið | miðt | | Dat. | miðum | miðum | | Gen. | miðs | miðs | | Pl.Nom. | miðar | mið | | Acc. | mið | mið | | Dat. | miðum | miðum | | Gen. | miðar | miðr | *** mjúk adj. {{{phon(mjòk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mj%C3%BAkr][mjúkr]] 1. soft, gentle, soothing | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | mjúkr | mjúkt | | Acc. | mjúk | mjúkt | | Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum | | Gen. | mjúks | mjúks | | Pl.Nom. | mjúkar | mjúk | | Acc. | mjúk | mjúk | | Dat. | mjúkum | mjúkum | | Gen. | mjúkar | mjúkr | *** móð sn.f. {{{phon(mɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][móðir]], reanalized as /móð/ + /-ir/ 1. mother | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | móðr | móðinn | mœðr | mœðinn | | Acc. | móð | móðin | mœð | mœðin | | Dat. | móð | móðin | mœðum | mœðinum | | Gen. | móðir | móðins | mœðir | mœðin | *** móðirsyst sn.f. {{{phon(ˈmɔ̀ð.er.ˌsyʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#moð][móð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]] 1. aunt; the sister of one’s mother For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#faðarsyst][faðarsyst]]. *** munn sn.m. {{{phon(munː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munnr][munnr]] 1. mouth 2. opening, entrance; a place where something begins or enters 3. speech, utterance; the act of speaking or expressing thoughts #+html: ::: tip Example Hann opnt munn henn ok talt. He opened his mouth and spoke. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | munn | munninn | munn | munninn | | Acc. | munn | munnin | munn | munnin | | Dat. | munn | munnin | munnum | munninum | | Gen. | munnar | munnins | munnar | munnin | *** mynd sn.f. {{{phon(mynd)}}} 1. image, picture 2. video | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | myndr | myndinn | myndr | myndinn | | Acc. | mynd | myndin | mynd | myndin | | Dat. | mynd | myndin | myndum | myndinum | | Gen. | myndar | myndins | myndar | myndin | *** myrgun in.m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡun)}}}, {{{phon(mʏʁːʊn)}}} in some dialects, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]] 1. morning, aurora In the Eittlandic culture, morning only lasts from the first lights of the day to the moment the sun is actually up in the sky, no longer bordering the horizon. It is then perfectly possible for Eittlanders to consider this is no longer morning at 9AM in the summer as the sun has already been up for some time by then. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | myrgunn | myrninn | myrnar | myrnann | | Acc. | myrgun | myrnin | myrn | myrnan | | Dat. | myrn | myrnin | myrnum | myrnanum | | Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan | *** mœð See [[file:./dictionary.md#moð][móð]] *** mœt(a) wv. {{{phon(mœ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6ta][mǿta]] 1. to meet, to encounter, to come together by chance or arrangement Declensions: - infinitive :: mœt - imperative :: mœt - imperative passive voice :: mœtask - present participle :: mœtand - past participle :: mœtit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœtumk | | 2s | | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœttisk | | 3s | | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœttisk | | 1p | | mœtum | mœtim | mœtum | mœtumk | | 2p | | mœtið | mœtið | mœtuð | mœttisk | | 3p | | mœtið | mœtið | mœtuð | mœttisk | ** N *** nakt adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}} 1. naked | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | naktr | naktt | | Acc. | nakt | naktt | | Dat. | naktum | naktum | | Gen. | nakts | nakts | | Pl.Nom. | naktar | nakt | | Acc. | nakt | nakt | | Dat. | naktum | naktum | | Gen. | naktar | naktr | *** nanuk sn.m. {{{phon(nɑn.ok)}}}, Tunrit borrowing 1. white bear; polar bear | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | nanukr | nanukinn | nanukr | nanukinn | | Acc. | nanuk | nanukin | nanuk | nanukin | | Dat. | nanuk | nanukin | nanukum | nanukinum | | Gen. | nanukar | nanukins | nanukar | nanukin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bern][bern]]. *** ná adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]] 1. now #+html: ::: tip Example Ná kømar ek frá universitetit. I come from the university now. #+html: ::: 2. intensifier, used at the end of sentences #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kømar frá universitetit ná! - I come from the university (you know) or - (I’ll have you know) I come from the university! #+html: ::: 3. progressive marker when placed right after the verb #+html: ::: tip Example Ek kømar ná frá universitetit. I’m coming from the university. #+html: ::: Alternative form: *né* adj. from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%A6r][nær]] 1. near | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | nár | nát | | Acc. | ná | nát | | Dat. | námum | námum | | Gen. | nás | nás | | Pl.Nom. | nárar | ná | | Acc. | ná | ná | | Dat. | námum | námum | | Gen. | nárar | nár | *** nágrann(i) wn.m. {{{phon(nɛ̀.ɡrɑnː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#na][ná]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#grann-i][grann(i)]] 1. immediate neighbour, next door or next house over See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]] *** nákkur indef.pron. {{{phon(nɛ̀χor)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%B6kkurr][nǫkkur]] 1. anyone, any 2. some, someone #+html: ::: tip Example - Nákkurr kœmt í dag Someone came yesterday #+html: ::: See [[file:grammar.md#indefinite-pronouns][Indefinite pronouns (grammar)]] for more information on this indefinite pronoun. #+name: Declensions of the indefinite pronoun /nakk/ #+caption: nakk-indef-pronoun-declension | / | | | | | | | | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |---+---------+-----------+-----------+----------| | | Sg.Nom. | nákkurr | nákkur | nákkut | | | Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkut | | | Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurr | nákkur | | | Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurrar | nákkurs | | | Pl.Nom | nákkurar | nákkurar | nákkur | | | Acc. | nákkur | nákkur | nákkur | | | Dat. | nákkurum | nákkurum | nákkurum | | | Gen. | nákkurs | nákkurs | nákkurs | *** náng interj. {{{phon(nɛŋ)}}}, propably a Tunrit borrowing 1. negative counter-factual, see the [[file:./grammar.md#questions][questions]] section of the grammar See also [[file:./dictionary.md#ang][áng]]. Alternative form: *néng* *** nef sn.f. {{{phon(nef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nef][nef]] 1. nose, beak; the protuding part of the face that bears the nostrils 2. sense of smell; the ability to perceive odors 3. front, prow; the forward-most part of an object, especially of a ship | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | nefr | nefinn | nefr | nefinn | | Acc. | nef | nefin | nef | nefin | | Dat. | nef | nefin | nefum | nefinum | | Gen. | nefar | nefins | nefar | nefin | *** nei {{{phon(nɑɪ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nei#Old_Norse][nei]] 1. (adv.) no 2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret *** nem {{{phon(nem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nema-B][nema]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#en][en]] - conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual) - adv. expect, save, but - wn.n. studies, from [[file:./dictionary.md#nem-a][nem(a)]] 1. the act or process of learning or acquiring knowledge, especially through systematic investigation or instruction 2. a particular field or subject of academic study 3. a collection of academic research or investigations #+name: nem-noun-decl #+caption: Declensions of nem as a noun | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | nem | nemat | nemm | nematr | | Acc. | nem | nemat | nem | nemat | | Dat. | nem | nemat | nemum | nematum | | Gen. | nems | nemats | nems | nemat | *** nem(a) sv. {{{phon(nem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nema2-A][nema]] 1. to study, to apply oneself to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, inverstigation, or practice. 2. to examine or investigate something closely 3. to memorize or learn something by heart 4. to be engaged in academic pursuits Declensions: - infinitive :: nem - imperative :: nem - imperative passive voice :: nemask - present participle :: nemand - past participle :: nemit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemumk | | 2s | | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemsk | | 3s | | nemar | nemir | nemt | nemask | | 1p | | nemum | nemim | nemum | nemumk | | 2p | | nemið | nemið | nemuð | nemask | | 3p | | nemið | nemið | nemuð | nemask | *** nipt sn.f. {{{phon(niɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nipt][nipt]] 1. niece; the daughter of one’s sibling | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | niptr | niptinn | niptr | niptinn | | Acc. | nipt | niptin | nipt | niptin | | Dat. | nipt | niptin | niptum | niptinum | | Gen. | niptar | niptins | niptar | niptin | *** norvegsúlf sn.m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]] 1. wolf, litt. Norway’s wolf. Alternative form: *norvejsólv* Wolves do not naturally live in Eittland. Their only relatives introduced to the island were dogs and wolf-dogs, and the latter inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/ (genitive of /Noregr/, /Norway/) and /úlfr/. For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ulf][úlf]]. *** not(a) wv. {{{phon(not)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nota][nota]] 1. to use; to employ something for a purpose 2. to utilize; to make practical use of something 3. to consue; to expend something by using it Declensions: - infinitive :: not - imperative :: not - imperative passive voice :: notask - present participle :: notand - past participle :: notit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | notar | notir | nott | notumk | | 2s | | notar | notir | nott | nottisk | | 3s | | notar | notir | nott | nottisk | | 1p | | notum | notim | notum | notumk | | 2p | | notið | notið | notuð | nottisk | | 3p | | notið | notið | notuð | nottisk | *** ný adj. {{{phon(nø̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#n%C3%BDr][nýr]] 1. new 2. recent, new 3. fresh | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | nýr | nýt | | Acc. | ný | nýt | | Dat. | nývum | nývum | | Gen. | nýs | nýs | | Pl.Nom. | nývar | ný | | Acc. | ný | ný | | Dat. | nývum | nývum | | Gen. | nývar | nýr | ** O *** ok conj. {{{phon(ok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#ok-A][ok]] 1. and *** ov adv. {{{phon(oβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#of3-1][of]] 1. too, excessively, to a degree or extent that is more than is necessary, acceptable, or desirable 2. very, extremely, to a great degree or extent /Of/ can be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs to indicate excess or emphasis. *** opin adj. {{{phon(ˈopin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opinn][opinn]] 1. open | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | opinr | opint | | Acc. | opin | opint | | Dat. | opinum | opinum | | Gen. | opins | opins | | Pl.Nom. | opinar | opin | | Acc. | opin | opin | | Dat. | opinum | opinum | | Gen. | opinar | opinr | *** opn(a) sv. {{{phon(opn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opna][opna]] 1. to open Declensions: - infinitive :: opn - imperative :: opn - imperative passive voice :: opnask - present participle :: opnand - past participle :: opnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnumk | | 2s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnsk | | 3s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnask | | 1p | | opnum | opnim | opnum | opnumk | | 2p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | | 3p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | *** opt adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]] 1. often Alternative form: *oft* *** orð sn.n. {{{phon(orð)}}} 1. word, utterance | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | orð | orðit | orð | orðitr | | Acc. | orð | orðit | orð | orðit | | Dat. | orð | orðit | orðum | orðitum | | Gen. | orðs | orðits | orðs | orðit | *** orðtak wn.n. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orðtak-a][orðtak(a)]] 1. a quote | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakr | orðtakitr | | Acc. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtak | orðtakit | | Dat. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakum | orðtakitum | | Gen. | orðtaks | orðtakits | orðtaks | orðtakit | *** orðtak(a) sv. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orð][orð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tak-a][tak(a)]] 1. to quote Declensions: - infinitive :: orðtak - imperative :: orðtak - imperative passive voice :: orðtakask - present participle :: orðtakand - past participle :: orðtakit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+-----------| | 1s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakumk | | 2s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtaksk | | 3s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakisk | | 1p | | orðtakum | orðtakim | orðtakum | orðtakumk | | 2p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | | 3p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | ** Ó *** ó- prefix {{{phon(ɔ̀)}}} Equivalent of English /un…/, /not smth/ #+html: ::: tip Example ótraust unsafe #+html: ::: *** ótraust adj. {{{phon(ˌɔ̀ˈtrɔʃt)}}} 1. unsafe, not trustworthy | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-----------+-----------| | Sg.Nom. | ótraustr | ótraustt | | Acc. | ótraust | ótraustt | | Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum | | Gen. | ótrausts | ótrausts | | Pl.Nom. | ótraustar | ótraust | | Acc. | ótraust | ótraust | | Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum | | Gen. | ótraustar | ótraustr | *** Óðin pn. {{{phon(ɔðen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0inn][Óðinn]] 1. Odin | | Sg. | |------+-------| | Nom. | Óðinn | | Acc. | Óðin | | Dat. | Óðin | | Gen. | Óðins | *** Óðinsdag sn.m. {{{phon(ɔð.ens.daɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0insdagr][óðinsdagr]] 1. Wednesday, fourth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** óglað adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3gla%C3%B0r][óglaðr]] 1. very sad, depressed, miserable Alternative form: *ógjœð* | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | óglaðr | óglaðt | | Acc. | óglað | óglaðt | | Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum | | Gen. | óglaðs | óglaðs | | Pl.Nom. | óglaðar | óglað | | Acc. | óglað | óglað | | Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum | | Gen. | óglaðar | óglaðr | *** óss sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]] 1. river mouth 2. fjord mouth | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | óssr | óssinn | óssr | óssinn | | Acc. | óss | óssin | óss | óssin | | Dat. | óss | óssin | óssum | óssinum | | Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin | *** óveð sn.n. {{{phon(ˌɔ̀β.ˈeð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#o][ó-]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#veð][veð]] 1. storm, tempest #+html: ::: tip Example Óveð kœmt upp. A storm arose. #+html: ::: For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#veð][veð]]. *** óvin sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀β.en)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#o][ó-]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] 1. enemy For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] ** P *** panig sn.f. {{{phon(ˈpɑn.eɣ)}}}, likely from Tunrit. Compare to Greenlandic [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/panik#Greenlandic][panik]] 1. daughter, term of endearment See also [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-u][dótt(u)]] | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | panikr | paniginn | panikr | paniginn | | Acc. | panig | panigin | panig | panigin | | Dat. | panig | panigin | panigum | paniginum | | Gen. | panigar | panigins | panigar | panigin | *** park wn.n. {{{phon(pɑrk)}}}, from French /parc/ 1. parc 2. natural reserve | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | park | parkit | parkr | parkitr | | Acc. | park | parkit | park | parkit | | Dat. | park | parkit | parkum | parkitum | | Gen. | parks | parkits | parks | parkit | *** pengvin wn.n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]] 1. penguin Alternative form: *pengven* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinn | pengvinitr | | Acc. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvin | pengvinit | | Dat. | pengvin | pengvinit | pengvinum | pengvinitum | | Gen. | pengvins | pengvinits | pengvins | pengvinit | *** pos(i) wn.n. {{{phon(pos)}}}, probably a Tunrit borrowing 1. posi, Eittlandic seal Alternative form: *pos(e)* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | pos | posit | posr | positr | | Acc. | pos | posit | pos | posit | | Dat. | pos | posit | posum | positum | | Gen. | poss | posits | poss | posit | ** R *** ras sn.m. {{{phon(rɑs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rass][rass]] 1. buttocks, arse, ass 2. rear end, backside 3. (derogatory) ass; used to refer to someone in a derogatory or insulting manner #+html: ::: tip Example Hann er ras. He’s an ass. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | rass | rasinn | rass | rasinn | | Acc. | ras | rasin | ras | rasin | | Dat. | ras | rasin | rasum | rasinum | | Gen. | rasar | rasins | rasar | rasin | *** rauð adj. {{{phon(rɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rau%C3%B0r][rauðr]] 1. red | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | rauðr | rauðt | | Acc. | rauð | rauðt | | Dat. | rauðum | rauðum | | Gen. | rauðs | rauðs | | Pl.Nom. | rauðar | rauð | | Acc. | rauð | rauð | | Dat. | rauðum | rauðum | | Gen. | rauðar | rauðr | *** ráð sn.n. {{{phon(rɛ̀ð)}}} 1. advice, counsel | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðitr | | Acc. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðit | | Dat. | ráð | ráðit | ráðum | ráðitum | | Gen. | ráðs | ráðits | ráðs | ráðit | *** ráðspell sn.n. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðˌʃpelː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] 1. debate See [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] for declension. *** ráðuneyt(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]] 1. Ministry 2. department Alternative form: *réðoneyt* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytr | ráðuneytitr | | Acc. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | | Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum | | Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit | *** regn sn.n. {{{phon(reɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#regn][regn]] 1. rain; water falling from the sky in drops, typically in liquid form and in warmer temperatures | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | regn | regnit | regn | regnitr | | Acc. | regn | regnit | regn | regnit | | Dat. | regn | regnit | regnum | regnitum | | Gen. | regns | regnits | regns | regnit | *** regn(a) wv. {{{phon(reɡn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#regn][regn]] 1. to rain; for water to fall from the sky in drops Declensions: - infinitive :: regn - imperative :: regn - imperative passive voice :: regnask - present participle :: regnand - past participle :: regnit Declensions: - infinitive :: regn - imperative :: regn - imperative passive voice :: regnask - present participle :: regnand - past participle :: regnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+-----------| | 1s | | regnar | regnir | regnat | regnumk | | 2s | | regnar | regnir | regnat | regnaðisk | | 3s | | regnar | regnir | regnat | regnaðisk | | 1p | | regnum | regnim | regnum | regnumk | | 2p | | regnið | regnið | regnuð | regnaðisk | | 3p | | regnið | regnið | regnuð | regnaðisk | *** rekkja (noun) wn.f. {{{phon(rekxə)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rekkja][rekkja]] 1. nap, siesta 2. makeshift bed, napping bed 3. object on which one can sleep, but whose main use is not necessarily that of a bed It is not unusual to find in Eittland in workplaces a half mattress in a corner of a room or near a wall. They are usually used to nap, by sitting on them with one's back against the wall or in a fœtal position. These can be found both in offices as well as on manual workers' workplaces. This practice is however slowly disappearing, especially in urban areas. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjar | rekkjatn | | Acc. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkja | rekkjat | | Dat. | rekkja | rekkjat | rekkjum | rekkjatum | | Gen. | rekkjas | rekkjats | rekkjas | rekkjat | *** rekkja (verb) wv. {{{phon(rexː)}}}, from ON 1. to nap in a bed Declensions: - infinitive :: rekkja - imperative :: rekkja - imperative passive voice :: rekkjask - present participle :: rekkjand - past participle :: rekkjit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+------------| | 1s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjumk | | 2s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | | 3s | | rekkjar | rekkjir | rekkjat | rekkjaðisk | | 1p | | rekkjum | rekkjim | rekkjum | rekkjumk | | 2p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | | 3p | | rekkjið | rekkjið | rekkjuð | rekkjaðisk | *** rekkláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈrekːˌlɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-noun][rekkja]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-i][kláð(i)]] 1. pyjama, litt “napping clothes” | | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | rekkláðr | rekkláðitr | | Acc. | rekkláð | rekkláðit | | Dat. | rekkláðum | rekkláðitum | | Gen. | rekkláðs | rekkláðit | *** rít(a) sv. {{{phon(rèt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%ADta-B][ríta]] 1. to write Declensions: - infinitive :: rít - imperative :: rít - imperative passive voice :: rítask - present participle :: rítand - past participle :: rítit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítumk | | 2s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítsk | | 3s | | rítar | rítir | rítt | rítask | | 1p | | rítum | rítim | rítum | rítumk | | 2p | | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask | | 3p | | rítið | rítið | rítuð | rítask | *** rúm sn.n. {{{phon(ròm)}}} 1. room 2. channel (as in an online app) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmitr | | Acc. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmit | | Dat. | rúm | rúmit | rúmum | rúmitum | | Gen. | rúms | rúmits | rúms | rúmit | *** rúmvin sn.m. {{{phon(ˈròmˌβin)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rum][rúm]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] 1. roommate For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] ** S *** -smið suffix {{{phon(smið)}}} 1. -work Forms strong masculine nouns *** sag(a) wn.f. {{{phon(sɑj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#saga][saga]] 1. story, tale, legend | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sag | sagat | sagar | sagatr | | Acc. | sag | sagat | sag | sagat | | Dat. | sag | sagat | sagum | sagatum | | Gen. | sags | sagats | sags | sagats | *** sagj(a) sv. {{{phon(sɑj)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#segja-A][sagja]] 1. to say, to tell 2. to proclaim, to declare Declensions: - infinitive :: sagja - imperative :: sagja - imperative passive voice :: sagjask - present participle :: sagjand - past participle :: sagjat | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjumk | | 2s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | | 3s | | sagjar | sagjir | sagjat | sagjask | | 1p | | sagjum | sagjim | sagjum | sagjumk | | 2p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | | 3p | | sagjið | sagjið | sagjuð | sagjask | *** sam adj. {{{phon(sɑm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samr][samr]] 1. same; identical, unchanged, or equal 2. similar; having a likeness or resemblance | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | samr | samt | | Acc. | sam | samt | | Dat. | samum | samum | | Gen. | sams | sams | | Pl.Nom. | samar | sam | | Acc. | sam | sam | | Dat. | samum | samum | | Gen. | samar | samr | *** samrekkja wv. {{{phon(ˈsɑmˌrekxə)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] 1. sleep with someone 2. to have sex with someone (euphemism) See [[file:./dictionary.md#rekkja-verb][rekkja]] for conjugaison. *** sand sn.m. {{{phon(sɑnd)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sandr][sandr]] 1. sand | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sandr | sandinn | sandr | sandinn | | Acc. | sand | sandin | sand | sandin | | Dat. | sand | sandin | sandum | sandinum | | Gen. | sandar | sandins | sandar | sandin | *** sann adj. {{{phon(sɑnː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sannr][sannr]] 1. true | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | sann | satt | | Acc. | sann | satt | | Dat. | sannum | sannum | | Gen. | sanns | sanns | | Pl.Nom. | sannar | sann | | Acc. | sann | sann | | Dat. | sannum | sannum | | Gen. | sannar | sannr | *** sauð sn.m. {{{phon(sɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sau%C3%B0r][sauðr]] 1. sheep 2. a crowd or flock; a large gathering of people, often moving or behaving in a similar manner 3. a source of comfort or warmth, something that provides comfort, warmth, or a sense of security; a soothing or comforting presence #+html: ::: tip Example Han es sauðin í lífit mínt She is the sheep in my life; she is a source of comfort and warmth #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sauðr | sauðinn | sauðr | sauðinn | | Acc. | sauð | sauðin | sauð | sauðin | | Dat. | sauð | sauðin | sauðum | sauðinum | | Gen. | sauðar | sauðins | sauðar | sauðin | *** sá {{{phon(sɛ̀)}}} 1. pron. that See also [[file:./dictionary.md#þess-i][þess(i)]] 2. conj. and adv.: Regional variant of [[file:./dictionary.md#sva][svá]], used mainly in the Ðeberget bay. #+name: Declension of the pronoun /sá/ #+caption: sa-pronoun-declension | / | | | | | | | Common | Neuter | |---+---------+--------+--------| | | Sg.Nom. | sá | þat | | | Acc. | sann | þat | | | Dat. | þeim | þí | | | Gen. | þess | þess | | | Pl.Nom. | þeir | þau | | | Acc. | þá | þau | | | Dat. | þeim | þeim | | | Gen. | þeir | þeir | *** sáing sn.f. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ing][sæing]] 1. bed Alternative form: *séing* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | sáingr | sáinginn | sáingr | sáinginn | | Acc. | sáing | sáingin | sáing | sáingin | | Dat. | sáing | sáingin | sáingum | sáinginum | | Gen. | sáingar | sáingins | sáingar | sáingin | *** sáingkláð wn.n. {{{phon(ˈsɛ̀jnˌklɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#saing][sáing]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] 1. bed sheets, litt. “bed clothes” Alternative form: *séingkléð* See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] for declensions. *** sem {{{phon(sem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sem][sem]] 1. pron. who, which, that (relative pronoun) #+html: ::: tip Example - Maðinn sem talar er bróðin mín. The man who is speaking is my brother. #+html: ::: 2. conj. 1. (comparative) how, as, like, in the way that Used as a conjunction to introduce a comparative clause #+html: ::: tip Example - Hann svart sem hann vilir. He replied the way he wanted. - Ek er eig svá hár sem þú. I am not as tall as you. #+html: ::: 2. (temporal) when, while When used as a conjunction, can introduce a temporal clause #+html: ::: tip Example Sem ek vas lesand, ek sovnt. While I was reading, I fell asleep. #+html: ::: 3. (causal) since, because Introduces a causal clause #+html: ::: tip Example Sem ek vas sjúkr, kœmt ek eig. Since I was sick, I didn’t come. #+html: ::: *** send(a) wv. {{{phon(send)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#senda][senda]] 1. to send, to dispatch, to cause something to be taken or transmitted to another location or person #+html: ::: tip Example Ek sendt brévit I sent the letter #+html: ::: 2. to emit, to transmit, to give off or release something, such as light, sound, or a signal Declensions: - infinitive :: send - imperative :: send - imperative passive voice :: sendask - present participle :: sendand - past participle :: sendit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sendar | sendir | sendt | sendumk | | 2s | | sendar | sendir | sendt | senðisk | | 3s | | sendar | sendir | sendt | senðisk | | 1p | | sendum | sendim | sendum | sendumk | | 2p | | sendið | sendið | senduð | senðisk | | 3p | | sendið | sendið | senduð | senðisk | *** sél adj. {{{phon(sɛ̀l)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ll][séll]] 1. happy, blessed 2. fortunate, lucky 3. prosperous, thriving; experiencing success and good fortune | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | sélr | sélt | | Acc. | sél | sélt | | Dat. | sélum | sélum | | Gen. | séls | séls | | Pl.Nom. | sélar | sél | | Acc. | sél | sél | | Dat. | sélum | sélum | | Gen. | sélar | sélr | *** sit(ja) iv. {{{phon(sit)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]] 1. to sit 2. to represent (politics) Declensions: - infinitive :: sit - imperative :: sit - imperative passive voice :: sitask - present participle :: sitjand - past participle :: sitit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjumk | | 2s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | | 3s | | sitjar | sitir | sat | sitjask | | 1p | | sitjum | sitim | setum | sitjumk | | 2p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | | 3p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | *** síð(a) wf.n. {{{phon(sèð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%AD%C3%B0a][síða]] 1. side (of something) 2. side, direction 3. site, location (often figurative) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | síð | síðat | síðr | síðatr | | Acc. | síð | síðat | síð | síðat | | Dat. | síð | síðat | síðum | síðatum | | Gen. | síðs | síðats | síðs | síðat | *** síðan adv. {{{phon(sèðɑn)}}}, from ON 1. after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority *** sjá sn.m. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6r-A][sær]] 1. sea; a large body of salt water that covers a significant part of the Earth’s surface 2. ocean; one of the five large bodies of water that cover the Earth | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sjár | sjánn | sjár | sjánn | | Acc. | sjá | sján | sjá | sján | | Dat. | sjá | sján | sjám | sjánum | | Gen. | sjár | sjáns | sjáar | sján | *** sjá iv. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]] 1. to see 2. to understand Alternative form: *sjé* Declensions: - infinitive :: sjá - imperative :: sjá - imperative passive voice :: sjásk - present participle :: sjánd - past participle :: sját | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjúmk | | 2s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | | 3s | | sér | sjár | sját | sjásk | | 1p | | sjam | sjám | sjátum | sjúmk | | 2p | | sjéð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | | 3p | | sjáð | sjáð | sjátuð | sjásk | *** sjón sn.f. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sj%C3%B3n][sjón]] 1. vision, sighting 2. spectacle 3. movie | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sjónn | sjóninn | sjónn | sjóninn | | Acc. | sjón | sjónin | sjón | sjón | | Dat. | sjón | sjónin | sjónum | sjóninum | | Gen. | sjónar | sjónins | sjónar | sjón | *** sjónvarp sn.n. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀nβarp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sjon][sjón]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#varp][varp]] 1. movie projection For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#varp][varp]] *** sjónvarphús sn.n. {{{phon(ʃɔ̀n.βarp.hòs)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sjonvarp][sjónvarp]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#hus][hús]] 1. cinema, theatre For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#hus][hús]]. *** sjúk adj. {{{phon(ʃòk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sj%C3%BAkr][sjúkr]] 1. sick, ill, unwell 2. weak, frail 3. nauseous 4. disgusted, repulsed (by something) 5. mentally unwell | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | sjúkr | sjúkt | | Acc. | sjúk | sjúkt | | Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum | | Gen. | sjúks | sjúks | | Pl.Nom. | sjúkar | sjúk | | Acc. | sjúk | sjúk | | Dat. | sjúkum | sjúkum | | Gen. | sjúkar | sjúkr | *** skal(a) iv. {{{phon(ʃkul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skulu][skulu]] 1. should, might 2. irrealis or dubitative modal verb 3. neutral conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the conditional mood Declensions: - infinitive :: skal - imperative :: skal - present participle :: skaland - past participle :: skalit | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------| | 1s | | skal | skylir | skyldr | | 2s | | skalt | skylir | skyldr | | 3s | | skal | skylir | skyldr | | 1p | | skulum | skylim | skyldum | | 2p | | skaluð | skylið | skylduð | | 3p | | skaluð | skylið | skylduð | *** skap sn.m. {{{phon(ʃkɑp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skap][skap]] 1. mood, temper, disposition #+html: ::: tip Example Hann vas í góðum skap. He was in a good mood. #+html: ::: 2. nature, character, quality #+html: ::: tip Example Skapinn hans er sterk ok staðug. He has a strong and steady nature. #+html: ::: 3. condition, state (of something non-living) #+html: ::: tip Example Veðits skapr er óstaðug. The condition of the weather is unsteady. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skapr | skapinn | skapr | skapinn | | Acc. | skap | skapin | skap | skapin | | Dat. | skap | skapin | skapum | skapinum | | Gen. | skapar | skapins | skapar | skapin | *** skáp sn.m. {{{phon(ʃkɛ̀p)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%A1pr][skápr]] 1. cabinet, a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, or compartments for storing or displaying items 2. cuboard, a closed cabinet with doors, used for storing kitchen utensils, dishes, or food | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skápr | skápinn | skápr | skápinn | | Acc. | skáp | skápin | skáp | skápin | | Dat. | skáp | skápin | skápum | skápinum | | Gen. | skápar | skápins | skápar | skápin | *** skil(ja) sv. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]] 1. to differenciate 2. to segregate, to separate 3. to understand a difference Alternative form: *skij* Declensions: - infinitive :: skilja - imperative :: skilja - imperative passive voice :: skiljask - present participle :: skiljand - past participle :: skit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljumk | | 2s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | | 3s | | skiljar | skilir | skiljat | skiljask | | 1p | | skiljum | skilim | skiljum | skiljumk | | 2p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | | 3p | | skilið | skilið | skiljuð | skiljask | *** skip sn.n. {{{phon(ʃkip)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skip][skip]] 1. ship; a large vessel used for traveling on water, often for commrcial, military, or exploratory purposes | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skip | skipit | skip | skipitr | | Acc. | skip | skipit | skip | skipit | | Dat. | skip | skipit | skipum | skipitum | | Gen. | skips | skipits | skips | skipit | *** skipan sn.f. {{{phon(ʃkipan)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skipan][skipan]] 1. arrangement, order, organisation (of things) 2. item box, for organising belongings | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | skipanr | skipaninn | skipann | skipaninn | | Acc. | skipan | skipanin | skipan | skipanin | | Dat. | skipan | skipanin | skipanum | skipaninum | | Gen. | skipanar | skipanins | skipanar | skipanin | *** skipt(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkiɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skipta][skipta]] 1. to change, to make something different or alter its state 2. to switch, to toggle, to move from one state or position to another, especially in the context of mechanical or electronic devices 3. to exchange, to give something and receive something else in return 4. to shift, to move or transfer something from one place or position to another 5. to alter, modify, to make adjustments or modifications to something 6. to replace, to put something new in the place of something old or existing Declensions: - infinitive :: skipt - imperative :: skipt - imperative passive voice :: skiptask - present participle :: skiptand - past participle :: skiptit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptumk | | 2s | | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptisk | | 3s | | skiptar | skiptir | skipt | skiptisk | | 1p | | skiptum | skiptim | skiptum | skiptumk | | 2p | | skiptið | skiptið | skiptuð | skiptisk | | 3p | | skiptið | skiptið | skiptuð | skiptisk | *** skín wn.n. {{{phon(skèn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skin-a][skín(a)]] 1. shine, shimmer 2. brightness 3. radiance | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skín | skínit | skínn | skínitr | | Acc. | skín | skínit | skín | skínit | | Dat. | skín | skínit | skínum | skínitum | | Gen. | skíns | skínits | skíns | skínit | *** skín(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃkèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%ADna][skína]] 1. to shine 2. to be bright (emitting light) Declensions: - infinitive :: skín - imperative :: skín - imperative passive voice :: skínask - present participle :: skínand - past participle :: skínin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínumk | | 2s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | | 3s | | skínar | skínir | skínt | skínask | | 1p | | skínum | skínim | skínum | skínumk | | 2p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | | 3p | | skínið | skínið | skínuð | skínask | *** skít sn.n. {{{phon(ʃkèt)}}} 1. /vulgar/ excrement, shit | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skít | skítit | skít | skítitr | | Acc. | skít | skítit | skít | skítit | | Dat. | skít | skítit | skítum | skítitum | | Gen. | skíts | skítits | skíts | skítit | *** skítráð sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃkètˌrɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skit][skít]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]], calque of English /shitpost/ 1. shitpost, meme For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]]. *** skóg sn.m. {{{phon(ʃkɔ̀ɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%B3gr][skógr]] 1. forest, woods, a large area covered chiefly with trees and undergrowth 2. an intricate, densely connected system or network, reminiscent of the structure of a forest 3. the Internet (colloquial, definite only) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | skógr | skóginn | skógr | skóginn | | Acc. | skóg | skógin | skóg | skógin | | Dat. | skóg | skógin | skógum | skóginum | | Gen. | skógar | skógins | skógar | skógin | *** smár adj. {{{phon(smɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sm%C3%A1r-A][smár]] 1. small, little 2. narrow | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | smárr | smárt | | Acc. | smár | smárt | | Dat. | smárum | smárum | | Gen. | smárs | smárs | | Pl.Nom. | smárar | smár | | Acc. | smár | smár | | Dat. | smárum | smárum | | Gen. | smárar | smárr | *** smársov wn.n. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. a nap (in a proper bed) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | smársov | smársovit | smársovr | smársovitr | | Acc. | smársov | smársovit | smársov | smársovit | | Dat. | smársov | smársovit | smársovum | smársovitum | | Gen. | smársovs | smársovits | smársovs | smársovit | *** smársov(a) iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. to nap (in a proper bed) See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison. *** smer sn.n. {{{phon(smer)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#smj%C3%B6r][smer]] 1. butter | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | smer | smerit | smer | smeritr | | Acc. | smer | smerit | smer | smerit | | Dat. | smer | smerit | smerum | smeritum | | Gen. | smers | smerits | smers | smerit | *** smer(a) wv. {{{phon(smer)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smer][smer]] 1. to spread butter 2. to smooth over; to make something smooth or even, often used figuratively to resolve disagreements or difficulties 3. to flatter; to praise someone excessively, often insincerely, to gain favour Declensions: - infinitive :: smer - imperative :: smer - imperative passive voice :: smerask - present participle :: smerand - past participle :: smerit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | smerar | smerir | smert | smerumk | | 2s | | smerar | smerir | smert | smerðisk | | 3s | | smerar | smerir | smert | smerðisk | | 1p | | smerum | smerim | smerum | smerumk | | 2p | | smerið | smerið | smeruð | smerðisk | | 3p | | smerið | smerið | smeruð | smerðisk | *** snár sn.m. {{{phon(snɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]] 1. snow | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | snárr | snárinn | snárr | snárinn | | Acc. | snár | snárin | snár | snárin | | Dat. | snár | snárin | snárum | snárinum | | Gen. | snárar | snárins | snárar | snárin | *** son sn.m. {{{phon(son)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sonr-B][sonr]] 1. son | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sonn | soninn | sonn | soninn | | Acc. | son | sonin | son | sonin | | Dat. | son | sonin | sonum | soninum | | Gen. | sonar | sonins | sonar | sonin | *** sorg sn.f. {{{phon(sorɡ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sorg][sorg]] 1. sorrow; a feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other mistfortune 2. grief; intense emotional suffering caused by the loss of a loved one 3. regret; a feeling of sadness, repentance, or disappointment over something that has happened or been done | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | sorgr | sorginn | sorgr | sorginn | | Acc. | sorg | sorgin | sorg | sorgin | | Dat. | sorg | sorgin | sorgum | sorginum | | Gen. | sorgar | sorgins | sorgar | sorgin | *** sov wn.n. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] 1. a sleep, a long rest (in a bed) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sov | sovit | sovr | sovitr | | Acc. | sov | sovit | sov | sovit | | Dat. | sov | sovit | sovum | sovitum | | Gen. | sovs | sovits | sovs | sovit | *** sov(a) iv. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofa-B][sofa]] 1. to sleep Declensions: - infinitive :: sov - imperative :: sov - imperative passive voice :: sovask - present participle :: sovand - past participle :: sovin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | søv | sovir | soft | sovumk | | 2s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | | 3s | | søvar | sovir | soft | sovdask | | 1p | | sovum | sovim | sávum | sovumk | | 2p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | | 3p | | sovið | sovið | sávuð | sovdask | *** sovn(a) wv. {{{phon(soβn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofna][sofna]] 1. to fall asleep Declensions: - infinitive :: sovn - imperative :: sovn - imperative passive voice :: sovnask - present participle :: sovnand - past participle :: sovnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovnumk | | 2s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk | | 3s | | sovnar | sovnir | sovnt | sovndisk | | 1p | | sovnum | sovnim | sovnum | sovnumk | | 2p | | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk | | 3p | | sovnið | sovnið | sovnuð | sovndisk | *** sól sn.f. {{{phon(sɔ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3l-A][sól]] 1. the Sun 2. a sun, a star (astronomical sense) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sól | sólinn | sóll | sólinn | | Acc. | sól | sólin | sól | sólin | | Dat. | sól | sólin | sólum | sólinum | | Gen. | sólar | sólins | sólar | sólin | See [[file:./dictionary.md#man-i][mán(i)]] for notes regarding the use of the different cases of this word. *** sólskin {{{phon(sɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%B3lskin2][sólskin]] 1. wn.n. sunshine 2. adj. sunny #+name: Noun declension of /sólskin/ #+caption: solskin-noun-declension | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinitr | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskin | sólskinit | | Dat. | sólskin | sólskinit | sólskinum | sólskinitum | | Gen. | sólskins | sólskinits | sólskins | sólskinit | #+name: Adjective declension of /sólskin/ #+caption: solskin-adj-declension | | Common | Neuter | |---------+-----------+-----------| | Sg.Nom. | sólskinn | sólskint | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskint | | Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum | | Gen. | sólskins | sólskins | | Pl.Nom. | sólskinar | sólskin | | Acc. | sólskin | sólskin | | Dat. | sólskinum | sólskinum | | Gen. | sólskinar | sólskinn | *** sólskin(a) sv. {{{phon(ˈsɔ̀lʃken)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#solskin][sólskin]] 1. to be sunny 2. to be a nice day Declensions: - infinitive :: sólskin - present participle :: sólskinand - past participle :: sólskinin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 3s | | sólskinar | sólskinir | sólskint | sólskinask | | 3p | | sólskinið | sólskinið | sólskinuð | sólskinask | This verb only takes a time reference as its subject or none at all, always in the third personl *** spell sn.n. {{{phon(ʃpelː)}}} 1. speech, saying | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | spell | spellit | spell | spellitr | | Acc. | spell | spellit | spell | spellit | | Dat. | spell | spellit | spellum | spellitum | | Gen. | spells | spellits | spells | spellit | *** stað sn.m. {{{phon(ʃtɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sta%C3%B0r][staðr]] 1. place, location, a particular position, point, or area in space 2. site, spot, specific location or position | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | staðr | staðinn | staðr | staðinn | | Acc. | stað | staðin | stað | staðin | | Dat. | stað | staðin | staðum | staðinum | | Gen. | staðar | staðins | staðar | staðin | *** staðug adj. {{{phon(ˈʃtɑð.oɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#st%C3%B6%C3%B0ugr][stǫðugr]] 1. steady; firmly fixed or supported, not shaking or moving 2. constant, unchanging; not varying or fluctuating 3. reliable, dependable; worthy of trust or reliance 4. calm, composed; not easily excited or upset | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | staðugr | staðugt | | Acc. | staðug | staðugt | | Dat. | staðugum | staðugum | | Gen. | staðugs | staðugs | | Pl.Nom. | staðugar | staðug | | Acc. | staðug | staðug | | Dat. | staðugum | staðugum | | Gen. | staðugar | staðugr | *** stand(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃtɑnd)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#standa-A][standa]] 1. to stand, to be in an upright position, supported by the feet. #+html: ::: tip Example Ek standar hér. I stand here. #+html: ::: 2. to remain in a particular position or state 3. to endure or withstand something 4. to be situated or located #+html: ::: tip Example Húsit standar á háðin The house is/stands on the hill #+html: ::: 5. to take a position or stance on an issue Declensions: - infinitive :: stand - imperative :: stand - imperative passive voice :: standask - present participle :: standand - past participle :: standit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | standar | standir | standt | standumk | | 2s | | standar | standir | standt | standsk | | 3s | | standar | standir | standt | standisk | | 1p | | standum | standim | standum | standumk | | 2p | | standið | standið | standuð | standisk | | 3p | | standið | standið | standuð | standisk | *** stein sn.m. {{{phon(ʃtɑɪn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#steinn][steinn]] 1. stone, a small piece of rock 2. (metaphor) some thing or someone that is firm, resolute, or reliable; a solid base or support #+html: ::: tip Example Hann es steinn í vindin. He is a rock in the wind, i.e. he is steadfast, reliable #+html: ::: 3. something that impedes progress or makes a task more difficult #+html: ::: tip Example - Svá er stein í vegin mín That’s a stone in my path, i.e. it is an obstacle in my progress #+html: ::: *** sterk adj. {{{phon(ʃterk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sterkr][sterkr]] 1. strong, powerful; having great physical power or strength 2. firm, steady; not easily moved or changed 3. intense,severe; having great force or degree | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | sterkr | sterkt | | Acc. | sterk | sterkt | | Dat. | sterkum | sterkum | | Gen. | sterks | sterks | | Pl.Nom. | sterkar | sterk | | Acc. | sterk | sterk | | Dat. | sterkum | sterkum | | Gen. | sterkar | sterkr | *** stern(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ʃtern)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#stjarna][sterna]] 1. star | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | stern | sternat | sternn | sternatr | | Acc. | stern | sternat | stern | sternat | | Dat. | stern | sternat | sternum | sternatum | | Gen. | sterns | sternats | sterns | sternat | *** stóð sn.n. {{{phon(ʃtɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#standa-A][standa]] 1. support, pillar; a structure that holds something up #+html: ::: tip Example Húsit standar á sterkum stóðum. The house stands on strong pillars. #+html: ::: 2. foundation, base; the lowest part of a structure 3. backing, assistance; help given to someone or something | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | stóð | stóðit | stóð | stóðitr | | Acc. | stóð | stóðit | stóð | stóðit | | Dat. | stóð | stóðit | stóðum | stóðitum | | Gen. | stóðs | stóðits | stóðs | stóðit | *** stóð(a) sv. {{{phon(ʃtɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#standa-A][standa]] 1. to support, to hold up; to bear the weight of something 2. to back, to assist; to give help or encouragement to someone 3. to stand, to be positioned; to be in an upright position Declensions: - infinitive :: stóð - imperative :: stóð - imperative passive voice :: stóðask - present participle :: stóðand - past participle :: stóðit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | stóðar | stóðir | stóðt | stóðumk | | 2s | | stóðar | stóðir | stóðt | stóðsk | | 3s | | stóðar | stóðir | stóðt | stóðask | | 1p | | stóðum | stóðim | stóðum | stóðumk | | 2p | | stóðið | stóðið | stóðuð | stóðask | | 3p | | stóðið | stóðið | stóðuð | stóðask | *** stól sn.m. {{{phon(ʃtɔ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#st%C3%B3ll][stóll]] 1. chair, a piece of furniture designed for sitting on, typically having a seat, legs, and a back 2. seat, a place or position designed for sitting | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | stóll | stólinn | stóll | stólinn | | Acc. | stól | stólin | stól | stólin | | Dat. | stól | stólin | stólum | stólinum | | Gen. | stólar | stólins | stólar | stólin | *** styrsamhald(i) sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]] (a holding together, unity). 1. military batallion 2. mitilary unit, group | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------| | Nom. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhalditr | | Acc. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | | Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum | | Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit | *** sumar sn.n. {{{phon(ˈsumɑr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sumar][sumar]] 1. summer, the warmst season of the year, typically occurring from June to September in Eittland | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | sumar | sumarit | sumar | sumaritr | | Acc. | sumar | sumarit | sumar | sumarit | | Dat. | sumar | sumarit | sumarum | sumaritum | | Gen. | sumars | sumarits | sumars | sumarit | *** sunn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(sunː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunna][sunna]] 1. the sun (general usage) 2. a sun (modern) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | sunn | sunit | sunn | sunitr | | Acc. | sun | sunit | sun | sunit | | Dat. | sun | sunit | sunum | sunitum | | Gen. | suns | sunits | suns | sunit | The definitive and plural forms appeared recently and are mostly used in a context of astronomy. In everyday speech, only the singular indefinite form is used in order to refer to the sun. In written Eitlandic, /Sunn/ is the sun, while /sunn/ is a sun. *** Sunsdag sn.m. {{{phon(sunsndaɣ)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunnudagr][sunnudagr]] 1. Sunday, first day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** svar(a) wv. {{{phon(sβar)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svara][svara]] 1. to reply, to answer Declensions: - infinitive :: svar - imperative :: svar - imperative passive voice :: svarask - present participle :: svarand - past participle :: svarit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarumk | | 2s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk | | 3s | | svarar | svarir | svart | svarðisk | | 1p | | svarum | svarim | svarum | svarumk | | 2p | | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk | | 3p | | svarið | svarið | svaruð | svarðisk | *** svart adj. {{{phon(sβɑrt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svartr][svartr]] 1. black | | Common | Neuter | |---------+---------+---------| | Sg.Nom. | svartr | svartt | | Acc. | svart | svartt | | Dat. | svartum | svartum | | Gen. | svarts | svarts | | Pl.Nom. | svartar | svart | | Acc. | svart | svart | | Dat. | svartum | svartum | | Gen. | svartar | svartr | *** svá {{{phon(sβɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%A1-B][svá]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#þa][þá]] 1. conj. thus, therefore, then, consequently Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit than with /þá/. /Ef/ is only followed by /svá/, never /þá/. 2. adv. so, thus, thusly, this way #+html: ::: tip Example - Ek ger þett svá. I do it this way - Han talt svá mjúklig She spoke so softly #+html: ::: *** svín sn.n. {{{phon(sβèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%ADn][svín]] 1. a pig 2. someone who is excessively greedy, gluttonous, or self-indulgent; a person who consumes or desires more than they need 3. someone or something that is dirty, messy, or unkempt; a person or place characterised by disorder or filth 4. someone who is very stubborn, obstinate, or difficult to persuade; a person who refuses to change their mind or behaviour 5. a representation of indulgence, excess, or overabundance; a symbol of enjoying something to an extreme degree | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | svín | svínit | svín | svínitr | | Acc. | svín | svínit | svín | svínit | | Dat. | svín | svínit | svínum | svínitum | | Gen. | svíns | svínits | svíns | svínit | *** syng(ja) wv. {{{phon(syŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#syngja][syngja]] 1. to sing, to produce musical sounds with the voice 2. to chant, to intone; to recite or utter in a melodic or rythmic manner, often in a ritual or ceremonial context Declensions: - infinitive :: syng - imperative :: syng - imperative passive voice :: syngask - present participle :: syngand - past participle :: syngit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| | 1s | | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngjumk | | 2s | | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngðisk | | 3s | | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngðisk | | 1p | | syngjum | syngim | syngjum | syngjumk | | 2p | | syngið | syngið | syngjuð | syngðisk | | 3p | | syngið | syngið | syngjuð | syngðisk | *** syst sn.f. {{{phon(syʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#systir][systir]] 1. sister | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | systr | systinn | systr | systinn | | Acc. | syst | systin | syst | systin | | Dat. | syst | systin | systum | systinum | | Gen. | systir | systins | systir | systin | *** systirdótt(u) sn.f. {{{phon(ˈsyʃt.ir.ˌdɔ̀ʃː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-u][dótt(u)]] 1. niece; the daughter of one’s sister For decliensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dott-u][dótt(u)]] *** systirson sn.m. {{{phon(ˈsyʃt.ir.ˌson)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#son][son]] 1. nephew; the son of one’s sister For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#son][son]] ** T *** tak(a) sv. {{{phon(tɑk)}}} 1. to take, to seize 2. to capture (figuratively) Declensions: - infinitive :: tak - imperative :: tak - imperative passive voice :: takask - present participle :: takand - past participle :: takit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | takar | takir | takt | takumk | | 2s | | takar | takir | takt | taksk | | 3s | | takar | takir | takt | takask | | 1p | | takum | takim | takum | takumk | | 2p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask | | 3p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask | *** tal(a) **** Noun wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]] 1. number, an abstract entity that represents a specific quantity | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | tal | talat | tall | talatr | | Acc. | tal | talat | tal | talat | | Dat. | tal | talat | talum | talatum | | Gen. | tals | talats | tals | talat | **** Verb wv. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#tala2][tala]] 1. to talk, to speak, to communicate using words 2. to recite, to declaim, to speak or read aloud, especially in a formal or ceremonial context 3. to express, to articulate, to convey thoughts or feelings through speech With prepositions: - tal til :: to talk to someone - tal um :: to talk about - tal eftir :: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words - tal á málskipan :: to speak a language Declensions: - infinitive :: tal - imperative :: tal - imperative passive voice :: talask - present participle :: taland - past participle :: talin | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | talar | talir | talt | talumk | | 2s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | | 3s | | talar | talir | talt | talðisk | | 1p | | talum | talim | talum | talumk | | 2p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | | 3p | | talið | talið | taluð | talðisk | *** tarr(a) sv. {{{phon(tɑrː)}}} 1. to spread out Declensions: - infinitive :: tarr - imperative :: tarr - imperative passive voice :: tarrask - present participle :: tarrand - past participle :: tarrit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrumk | | 2s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrsk | | 3s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrisk | | 1p | | tarrum | tarrim | tarrum | tarrumk | | 2p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | | 3p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | *** tasik sn.n. {{{phon(tɑs.ek)}}}, Tunrit borrowing 1. lake | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | tasik | tasikit | tasik | tasikitr | | Acc. | tasik | tasikit | tasik | tasikit | | Dat. | tasik | tasikit | tasikum | tasikitum | | Gen. | tasiks | tasikits | tasiks | tasikit | This term is interchangeable with [[file:./dictionary.md#vatn][vatn]] when it comes to its meaning as /lake/, but /tasik/ is often seen as more poetic and can disambiguate the use of [[file:./dictionary.md#vatn][vatn]]. *** tán sn.f. {{{phon(tɛ̀n)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%B6nn][tǫnn]] 1. tooth 2. cog, gear; a tooth on a wheel or gear used to transmit motion 3. tine, prong; a pointed projecion on an implement or tool | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | tánn | táninn | tánn | táninn | | Acc. | tán | tánin | tán | tánin | | Dat. | tán | tánin | tánum | táninum | | Gen. | tánar | tánins | tánar | tánin | *** til prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]] This preposition indicates direction, purpose, or destination towards something. It triggers the dative case. 1. to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination, often with a sense of purpose or goal. #+html: ::: tip Example - Hann fert til borgin He went to the city - Ek sendt brévit til vininum I sent the letter to friends #+html: ::: Unlike [[file:./dictionary.md#að][að]], /til/ emphasizes more on the goal itself or the purpose of the action. Some dialects also simply prefer to use /til/ rather than [[file:./dictionary.md#að][að]]. 2. for, used to indicate the beneficiary or recipient of an action #+html: ::: tip Example - Þett es gef til þér This is a gift for you - Ek gerð þett til stóð þér I did this to support you #+html: ::: 3. until, used to indicate a point in time up to which something happens #+html: ::: tip Example Vár vinnum til verkit sé lokin We work until the work is finished #+html: ::: **** til ná 1. adv. still *** Tíbet wn.n. {{{phon(ˈtèbet)}}}, borrowed from Danish /Tibet/ 1. Tibet | | Sg. | |------+--------| | Nom. | Tíbet | | Acc. | Tíbet | | Dat. | Tíbet | | Gen. | Tíbets | *** ton wn.m. {{{phon(ton)}}}, from Middle Low German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ton#Middle_Low_German][ton]] 1. tune, tone | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | ton | tonit | tonn | tonitr | | Acc. | ton | tonit | ton | tonit | | Dat. | ton | tonit | tonum | tonitum | | Gen. | tons | tonits | tons | tonit | *** tonlist wn.f. {{{phon(tonliʃt)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#ton][ton]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] 1. music See [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] for declensions. *** traust adj. {{{phon(trɔʃt)}}} 1. trusty, trustworthy, safe | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | traustr | traustt | | Acc. | traust | traustt | | Dat. | traustum | traustum | | Gen. | trausts | trausts | | Pl.Nom. | traustar | traust | | Acc. | traust | traust | | Dat. | traustum | traustum | | Gen. | traustar | traustr | *** tren wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]] 1. train | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | tren | trenit | trenn | trenitr | | Acc. | tren | trenit | tren | trenit | | Dat. | tren | trenit | trenum | trenitum | | Gen. | trens | trenits | trens | trenit | *** tung(a) wn.f. {{{phon(tuŋ)}}} 1. tongue (body part) 2. language 3. speech, utterance #+html: ::: tip Exampde Han nott tung tungat henn vel. She used her speech well. #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | tung | tungat | tungr | tungatr | | Acc. | tung | tungat | tung | tungat | | Dat. | tung | tungat | tungum | tungatum | | Gen. | tungs | tungats | tungs | tungat | *** týr in.m. {{{phon(tø̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr][týr]] 1. god, divinity | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | týr | týrin | tívar | týrinn | | Acc. | tý | týrin | tív | týrin | | Dat. | tív | týrin | tívum | týrinum | | Gen. | týs | týsins | tív | týsin | *** Týr pn. {{{phon(tø̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][Týr]] 1. the god Týr | | Sg. | |------+-----| | Nom. | Týr | | Acc. | Tý | | Dat. | Tív | | Gen. | Týs | *** Týsdag sn.m. {{{phon(tø̀sdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr-II][týsdagr]] 1. Tuesday, third day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. ** Þ *** þá conj. {{{phon(θɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%A1][þá]] 1. then, temporal continuity or implied consequence 2. plural accusative form of [[file:./dictionary.md#sa][sá]] #+html: ::: tip Example Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin He came home, then closed and locked the door #+html: ::: *** þegar {{{phon(θejar)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEegar][þegar]] 1. adv. already, at once 2. conj. when *** þess(i) pron. {{{phon(θesː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEessi][þessi]] 1. this See also [[file:./dictionary.md#sa][sá]] *** Þór pn.m. {{{phon(θɔ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rr-A][Þórr]] 1. Thor | | Sg. | |------+------| | Nom. | Þórr | | Acc. | Þór | | Dat. | Þór | | Gen. | Þórs | *** Þórsdag sn.m. {{{phon(θɔ̀rsdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rsdagr][þórsdagr]] 1. Thursday, fifth day of the week For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. *** því adv. {{{phon(θwè)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BEv%C3%AD][því]] 1. because ** U *** ublun(a) sn.f. {{{phon(ub.lun)}}}, probably a Tunrit borrowing 1. cloudberry | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| | Nom. | ublunr | ublunann | ublunr | ublunann | | Acc. | ublun | ublunan | ublun | ublunan | | Dat. | ublun | ublunan | ublunum | ublunanum | | Gen. | ublunar | ublunans | ublunar | ublunan | *** um prep. {{{phon(um)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#um-acc-A][um]] 1. around 2. about 3. concerning (something) #+html: ::: tip Example Hann es mannin um talt ek þér He's the guy I spoke to you about | han-n | es | mann-in | um | tal-t | ek | þér | | 3sm-NOM | to.be.3sg.PRES | 1s.NOM | about | 2s.DAT | speak-1s.PST | about | #+html: ::: *** undir adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse][undir]] 1. under, underneath, below Can only be used with a dative noun phrase. #+html: ::: tip Example Bókinn er undir borðitum. | bók-inn | er | undir | borð-itum | | book-DEF.NOM.SG.C | be.3sg.PRES.IND | under | table-DEF.DAT.SG.N | The book is under the table #+html: ::: *** undirland sn.n. {{{phon(ˈundirˌland)}}}, calque of English “underground” using [[file:./dictionary.md#undir][undir]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] 1. underground, subway See also [[file:./dictionary.md#metr-o][metr(o)]] See [[file:./dictionary.md#land][land]] for declensions. *** universitet wn.n. {{{phon(oneˈβersetet)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t#German][Universität]] 1. university Alternative form: *oneversetet* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------------+----------------+---------------+-----------------| | Nom. | universitet | universitetit | universitetr | universitetitr | | Acc. | universitet | universitetit | universitet | universitetit | | Dat. | universitet | universitetit | universitetum | universitetitum | | Gen. | universitets | universitetits | universitets | universitetit | *** uppá prep. {{{phon(ˈuɸːə̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/u.php#upp%C3%A1][uppá]] 1. upon Alternative form: *offá* ** Ú *** úlf sn.m. {{{phon(òlv)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr][úlfr]] 1. wolf-dog. See also /noregsúlfr/. Alternative form: *olv* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | úlfr | úlfinn | úlfr | úlfinn | | Acc. | úlf | úlfin | úlf | úlfin | | Dat. | úlf | úlfin | úlfum | úlfinum | | Gen. | úlfar | úlfins | úlfar | úlfin | ** V *** varm adj. {{{phon(βarm)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#varmr][varmr]] 1. warm, hot | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | varmr | varmt | | Acc. | varm | varmt | | Dat. | varmum | varmum | | Gen. | varms | varms | | Pl.Nom. | varmar | varm | | Acc. | varm | varm | | Dat. | varmum | varmum | | Gen. | varmar | varmr | *** varn(a) sv. {{{phon(βɑrn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#varna][varna]] 1. warn off When used as /to warn about smth/, /varn/ uses /að/. Declensions: - infinitive :: varn - imperative :: varn - imperative passive voice :: varnask - present participle :: varnand - past participle :: varnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnumk | | 2s | | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnðisk | | 3s | | varnar | varnir | varnt | varnðisk | | 1p | | varnum | varnim | varnum | varnumk | | 2p | | varnið | varnið | varnuð | varnðisk | | 3p | | varnið | varnið | varnuð | varnðisk | *** varnað sn.m. {{{phon(βɑrnɑð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#varn-a][varn(a)]] 1. warning, caution 2. advisory 3. alert | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | varnaðr | varnaðinn | varnaðr | varnaðinn | | Acc. | varnað | varnaðin | varnað | varnaðin | | Dat. | varnað | varnaðin | varnaðum | varnaðinum | | Gen. | varnaðar | varnaðins | varnaðar | varnaðin | *** varp sn.n. {{{phon(βarp)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#verp-a][verp]] 1. casting, throwing 2. projection 3. /colloquial/ a movie projection | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | varp | varpit | varp | varpitr | | Acc. | varp | varpit | varp | varpit | | Dat. | varp | varpit | varpum | varpitum | | Gen. | varps | varpits | varps | varpit | *** vatn sn.n. {{{phon(βatn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vatn-A][vatn]] 1. water 2. lake; see also [[file:./dictionary.md#tasik][tasik]] 3. a fluid or adaptable situation 4. a deep, profound feeling or sensation #+html: ::: tip Example Ástinn mínn er djúpt vatn My love is deep water, i.e. profound and intense #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | vatn | vatnit | vatn | vatnitr | | Acc. | vatn | vatnit | vatn | vatnit | | Dat. | vatn | vatnit | vatnum | vatnitum | | Gen. | vatns | vatnits | vatns | vatnit | *** váð wn.m. {{{phon(βɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1%C3%B0i][váði]] 1. danger, peril 2. hazard, risk 3. threat, eg. /he is a threat to society/. 4. warning, caution, eg. /beware of dogs!/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | váð | váðit | váðr | váðitr | | Acc. | váð | váðit | váð | váðit | | Dat. | váð | váðit | váðum | váðitum | | Gen. | váðs | váðits | váðs | váðit | *** ván sn.f. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1n][ván]] 1. hope 2. wish Alternative form: *vén* | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vánn | váninn | vánn | váninn | | Acc. | ván | vánin | ván | vánin | | Dat. | ván | vánin | vánum | váninum | | Gen. | vánn | vánins | vánn | vánin | *** ván(a) iv. {{{phon(βɛ̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#v%C3%A1na][vána]] 1. to hope 2. to wish for Uses a dative for its second argument. Alternative form: *vén(a)* Declensions: - infinitive :: ván - imperative :: ván - imperative passive voice :: vánask - present participle :: vánand - past participle :: vánit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Present | Sub. Present | Past | Passive | |--------+---+--------------+--------------+-------+---------| | 1s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vánumk | | 2s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | | 3s | | vánn | vánir | vánt | vándisk | | 1p | | vánum | vánim | vánum | vánumk | | 2p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | | 3p | | vánið | vánið | vánuð | vándisk | *** veð sn.n. {{{phon(βeð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#ve%C3%B0r][veðr]] 1. weather 2. climate | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | veð | veðit | veð | veðitr | | Acc. | veð | veðit | veð | veðit | | Dat. | veð | veðit | veðum | veðitum | | Gen. | veðs | veðits | veðs | veðit | *** vef sm.n. {{{phon(βef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vefr][vefr]] 1. web (spiders’) 2. web (textile) 3. (definite only) the WorldWideWeb, the Internet | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vefr | vefinn | vefr | vefinn | | Acc. | vef | vefin | vef | vefin | | Dat. | vef | vefin | vefum | vefinum | | Gen. | vefar | vefins | vefar | vefin | *** vefsíð wf.n. {{{phon(ˈβefˌsèð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#vef][vef]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sið-a][síð(a)]] 1. website | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| | Nom. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíðr | vefsíðatr | | Acc. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíð | vefsíðat | | Dat. | vefsíð | vefsíðat | vefsíðum | vefsíðatum | | Gen. | vefsíðs | vefsíðats | vefsíðs | vefsíðat | *** veg sn.m. {{{phon(βeɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vegr][vegr]] 1. path, way | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------------------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vegr {{{phon(βeɡr̩)}}} | veginn | vegr | veginn | | Acc. | veg {{{phon(βeɣ)}}} | vegin | veg | vegin | | Dat. | veg {{{phon(βej)}}} | vegin | vegum | veginum | | Gen. | vegar {{{phon(βejɑr)}}} | vegins | vegar | vegin | *** veisheit wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Weisheit#German][Weisheit]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#visk-a][visk(a)]] 1. knowledge or wisdom 2. insight | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+-------------+------------+--------------| | Nom. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitr | veisheititr | | Acc. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheit | veisheitit | | Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum | | Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit | *** veit(a) wv. {{{phon(βɑɪt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#veita][veita]] 1. to give, to provide, to transfer possession or control of something to someone 2. to grant, to bestow, to confer or award something to someone 3. to serve, to attend, to perform duties or services for someone Declensions: - infinitive :: veit - imperative :: veit - imperative passive voice :: veitask - present participle :: veitand - past participle :: veitit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| | 1s | | veitar | veitir | veitt | veitumk | | 2s | | veitar | veitir | veitt | veittisk | | 3s | | veitar | veitir | veitt | veittisk | | 1p | | veitum | veitim | veitum | veitumk | | 2p | | veitið | veitið | veituð | veittisk | | 3p | | veitið | veitið | veituð | veittisk | *** veiting sn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪtˌeŋ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#veit-a][veit(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#ing][-ing]] 1. serving, provision, the act of providing or serving something, especially food or drink 2. meal, dish, a prepared serving of food | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | veitingr | veitinginn | veitingr | veitinginn | | Acc. | veiting | veitingin | veiting | veitingin | | Dat. | veiting | veitingin | veitingum | veitinginum | | Gen. | veitingar | veitingins | veitingar | veitingin | *** veitingstað sn.m. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪteŋˌʃtɑð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#veiting][veiting]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#stað][stað]] 1. restaurant, dining place, an establishment where meals are served to customers For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#stað][stað]]. *** vel adv. {{{phon(βel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vel][vel]] 1. well; in a good or satisfactory manner 2. easily 3. thoroughly, completely; to a great extent or degree 4. fortunately, luckily #+html: ::: tip Example Vel kœmt hann með oss Fortunately, he came with us #+html: ::: 5. adj. well; in good health #+html: ::: tip Example Han er vel. She is well. #+html: ::: #+name: vel-adj-declension #+caption: Declensions of /vel/ as an adjective | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | velr | velt | | Acc. | vel | velt | | Dat. | velum | velum | | Gen. | vels | vels | | Pl.Nom. | velar | vel | | Acc. | vel | vel | | Dat. | velum | velum | | Gen. | velar | velr | *** ver(a) iv. {{{phon(βer)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vera#Old_Norse][vera]] 1. to be 2. active auxilliary Declensions: - infinitive :: ver - imperative :: ves - present participle :: verand - past participle :: vest | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past | |----+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 1s | em | sé | vas/var | vár | | 2s | est/ert | sér | vast/vart | vár | | 3s | es/er | sé | vas/var | vár | | 1p | er | sé | var | vár | | 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið | | 3p | er | sé | var | vár | The distinction between /est/ or /ert/ and /es/ or /er/ is purely based on the dialect one speaks. In general, the /est/ and /es/ form is preferred in Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while /ert/ and /er/ is preferred everywhere else. *** verk sn.n. {{{phon(βerk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verk][verk]] 1. work, the activities or tasks performed as part of one’s job or occupation 2. task, a piece of work to be done or undertaken 3. business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity 4. project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a series of tasks or activities aimed at achieving a specific goal 5. a large or complex task or assignment 6. a collaborative effort involving multiple participants | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | verk | verkit | verk | verkitr | | Acc. | verk | verkit | verk | verkit | | Dat. | verk | verkit | verkum | verkitum | | Gen. | verks | verkits | verks | verkit | *** verp(a) sv. {{{phon(βerp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verpa][verpa]] 1. to throw 2. to cast (e.g. a movie) Declensions: - infinitive :: verp - imperative :: verp - imperative passive voice :: verpask - present participle :: verpand - past participle :: verpit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpumk | | 2s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | | 3s | | verpr | verpir | verpt | verpask | | 1p | | verpum | verpim | verpum | verpumk | | 2p | | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask | | 3p | | verpið | verpið | verpuð | verpask | *** vest adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr]] 1. West, westward *** vetr in.m. {{{phon(βetr̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vetr-A][vetr]] 1. winter, the coldest season of the year, typically occuring from November to March in Eittland | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | vetr | vetrinn | vetr | vetrinn | | Acc. | vetr | vetrin | vetr | vetrin | | Dat. | vetr | vetrin | vetrum | vetrinum | | Gen. | vetrar | vetrins | vetrar | vetrin | *** vél sn.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]] 1. machine, craft | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | véll | vélinn | véll | vélinn | | Acc. | vél | vélin | vél | vélin | | Dat. | vél | vélin | vélum | vélinum | | Gen. | vélar | vélins | vélar | vélin | *** vétal(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɛ̀tal)}}}, portemanteau of [[file:./dictionary.md#vel][vél]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] 1. computer See [[file:./dictionary.md#tal-a][tal(a)]] for declensions. *** vik(a) wn.f. {{{phon(βik)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vika-B][vika]] 1. a week | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vik | vikat | vikr | vikatr | | Acc. | vik | vikat | vik | vikat | | Dat. | vik | vikat | vikum | vikatum | | Gen. | viks | vikats | viks | vikat | **** Days of the week 1. [[file:./dictionary.md#sunsdag][Sunsdag]] 2. [[file:./dictionary.md#mansdag][Mánsdag]] 3. [[file:./dictionary.md#tysdag][Týsdag]] 4. [[file:./dictionary.md#oðinsdag][Óðinsdag]] 5. [[file:./dictionary.md#þorsdag][Þórsdag]] 6. [[file:./dictionary.md#fridag][Frídag]] 7. [[file:./dictionary.md#laurdag][Laurdag]] *** vilja iv. {{{phon(βiʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vilja][vilja]] 1. to want, to wish Declensions: - infinitive :: vilja - imperative :: vilja - imperative passive voice :: viljask - present participle :: viljand - past participle :: viljit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | vil | vil | vilt | vildumk | | 2s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | | 3s | | vill | vil | vilir | vildisk | | 1p | | viljum | vilim | vildum | vildumk | | 2p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | | 3p | | vilið | vilið | vilduð | vildisk | *** vin sn.m. {{{phon(βin)}}} 1. friend | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+-------+---------| | Nom. | vinn | vininn | vinn | vininn | | Acc. | vin | vinin | vin | vinin | | Dat. | vin | vinin | vinum | vininum | | Gen. | vinar | vinins | vinar | vinin | See also [[file:./dictionary.md#ilaɡ-a][ilaɡ(a)]]. *** vinbú wn.m. {{{phon(ˈβinˌbò)}}} 1. pet 2. roommate (derogatory) For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]]. *** vind sn.m. {{{phon(βind)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vindr2][vindr]] 1. wind, the percepIble natural movement of the air, especially outdoors 2. something that drives or influences change, progress, or movement; an unpredictable or dynamic force #+html: ::: tip Example Hann er vindin aptr nemum mínum He is the wind behind my studies, i.e. he is the reason my studies go on #+html: ::: 3. information or news that spreads quickly and widely, often through infomal cannels; rumours or gossips #+html: ::: tip Example - Vindinn er sandr eig The rumors are not true - Han hlert vindin um svá She heard the rumours about that #+html: ::: | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | vindr | vindinn | vindr | vindinn | | Acc. | vind | vindin | vind | vindin | | Dat. | vind | vindin | vindum | vindinum | | Gen. | vindar | vindins | vindar | vindin | *** vindker wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβind.ˌker)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#ker][ker]] 1. sky, litt /wind bassin/ 2. atmosphere For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ker][ker]]. *** vindaug(a) wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβindˌɔ̀j)}}}, from [[file:dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#aug-a][aug(a)]] 1. window | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| | Nom. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugatr | | Acc. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugat | | Dat. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaugum | vindaugatum | | Gen. | vindaugas | vindaugats | vindaugas | vindaugat | *** vinn(a) wv. {{{phon(βin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vinna-A][vinna]] 1. to work, to labour, to engage in physical or mental activity in order to achieve a result or earn a living 2. to win, to gain, to achieve victory or success in a competition or contest 3. to gain, to obtain, to acquire something through effort or achievement Declensions: - infinitive :: vinn - imperative :: vinn - imperative passive voice :: vinnask - present participle :: vinnand - past participle :: vinnit | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnumk | | 2s | | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnsk | | 3s | | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnask | | 1p | | vinnum | vinnim | vinnum | vinnumk | | 2p | | vinnið | vinnið | vinnuð | vinnask | | 3p | | vinnið | vinnið | vinnuð | vinnask | *** vit interj. {{{phon(βit)}}} 1. question marker, see [[file:./grammar.md#yes-no-questions][yes/no questions]], probably from an inuit dialect. *** visk(a) wn.f. {{{phon(βiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vizka][vizka]] 1. practical knowledge or wisdom, acquired from experience See [[file:./dictionary.md#veisheit][veisheit]] for a more general term for /wisdow/ | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| | Nom. | visk | viskit | viskr | viskitr | | Acc. | visk | viskit | visk | viskit | | Dat. | visk | viskit | viskum | viskitum | | Gen. | visks | viskits | visks | viskit | ** Y *** ynnlig {{{phon(ynːliɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/y.php#ynniliga][ynniliga]] 1. adv. cutely, lovely, adorably 2. adj. cute, lovely, adorably #+name: ynnlig-adjective-declension #+caption: Declension of /ynnlig/ as an adjective | | Common | Neuter | |---------+----------+----------| | Sg.Nom. | ynnligr | ynnligt | | Acc. | ynnlig | ynnligt | | Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum | | Gen. | ynnligs | ynnligs | | Pl.Nom. | ynnligar | ynnlig | | Acc. | ynnlig | ynnlig | | Dat. | ynnligum | ynnligum | | Gen. | ynnligar | ynnligr | ** Ý ** Z ** Ø ** Œ *** Œgir pn. {{{phon(ˈœjer)}}} 1. A mythical beast residing in the forests of the western Eittlandic fjords. Alternative form: *Œjer* * Notes :noexport: ** Declension templates *** Nouns | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| | Nom. | | | | | | Acc. | | | | | | Dat. | | | | | | Gen. | | | | | *** Adjectives | | Common | Neuter | |---------+--------+--------| | Sg.Nom. | | | | Acc. | | | | Dat. | | | | Gen. | | | | Pl.Nom. | | | | Acc. | | | | Dat. | | | | Gen. | | | *** Verbs Declensions: - infinitive :: - imperative :: - imperative passive voice :: - present participle :: - past participle :: | | | | | | | | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| | 1s | | | | | | | 2s | | | | | | | 3s | | | | | | | 1p | | | | | | | 2p | | | | | | | 3p | | | | | | ** Numbers - einn - tveir - þrír / þrer - férir - femm - sex - se - átt / étt - ní / ne - tí / te