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No commits in common. "d31c11bfb8cbb22ef84aab8d223fdc7e2bfeffa2" and "43e450d8aeb9046a7ded07d00675bc4ecccf52d3" have entirely different histories.
d31c11bfb8
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43e450d8ae
@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ jobs:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- uses: actions/checkout@v3
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- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
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- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
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with:
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with:
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node-version: 22.x
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node-version: 18.x
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- run: npm ci
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- run: corepack enable
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- run: yarn install --frozen-lockfile
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- uses: purcell/setup-emacs@master
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- uses: purcell/setup-emacs@master
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with:
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with:
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version: 29.1
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version: 29.1
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- name: "Export org to md"
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- name: "Export org to md"
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run: emacs -Q --script export.el
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run: emacs -Q --script export.el
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- run: npm run build
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- run: yarn build
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- name: "Deploy"
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- name: "Deploy"
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
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uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
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with:
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with:
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@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
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;;; Directory Local Variables -*- no-byte-compile: t -*-
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;;; Directory Local Variables -*- no-byte-compile: t -*-
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;;; For more information see (info "(emacs) Directory Variables")
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;;; For more information see (info "(emacs) Directory Variables")
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((org-mode . ((org-html-table-default-attributes . (:border "2" :cellspacing "0" :cellpadding "6" :rules "groups" :frame "void"))
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((org-mode . ((langtool-default-language . "en-GB")
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(langtool-default-language . "en-GB")
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(org-list-allow-alphabetical . nil)
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(org-list-allow-alphabetical . nil)
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(org-confirm-babel-evaluate . nil))))
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(org-confirm-babel-evaluate . nil))))
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@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
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<template>
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<template>
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<figure>
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<img :alt="alt" :src="src" />
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<img :alt="alt" :src="src" />
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<figcaption><slot></slot></figcaption>
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<figcaption><slot></slot></figcaption>
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</figure>
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</template>
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</template>
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<script setup lang="ts">
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<script setup lang="ts">
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@ -2,6 +2,805 @@
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#+setupfile: ../headers
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#+setupfile: ../headers
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* The Country of Eittland
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* The Country of Eittland
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This page was moved to [[https://wiki.phundrak.com/s/eittland][its dedicated wiki]].
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** Eittlandic Geography
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Eittland is an active volcanic island. In its centre we can find the
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most active volcanoes, surrounded by glaciers and some regular
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mountains. It is surrounded by some taiga, taiga plains covered mainly
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by ashen pines (/pinus fraxinus/), and a large cold desert covering most
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of the centre of the island and its northern eastern part. Outside
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this largely unpopulated region, Eastern Eittland mainly consists of
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grasslands with some temperate rainforests on its southern shores as
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well as some occasional wetland and marshes. On the other hand,
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Western Eittland has a lot more temperate deciduous forests, temperate
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rainforests and some more wetlands and marshes still. Three small cold
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deserts spawn in Western Eittland, including one north-east of
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Đeberget not far from the city. More details can be found in the map
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below. Overall, the southern and western parts of Eittland can be
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compared to Scotland in terms of temperatures, or a warmer Iceland.
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https://wiki.phundrak.com/s/eittland
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#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-biomes.png">Biomes of the Eittlandic Island</ImgFigure>
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Eastern Eittland is also recognizable by its great amount of flat
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shorelines, especially in its northern and eastern parts which are part
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of the more recent paths of lava flows. On the other hand, its few
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fjords and the numerous fjords found in the western part of the island
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are characteristic of much older parts of Eittland. The Fjord
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themselves were formed during the last ice age, while the smoother
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shore lines formed since. Western Eittland also has two main bays
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which are two very old caldera volcanoes. It is not known whether
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they will be one day active again or not.
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** Culture
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The Eittlandic people share a common basis for their culture which
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remained rather conservative for much longer than the other Nordic
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people due to its resistance towards Christianity conversion. The
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number of people adhering to Norse beliefs remained very high through
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the ages and only recently began declining, going from 93% of
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Eittlanders declaring themselves follower of the Norse Faith in 1950
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to 68% in 2019. This decline is also due to either people converting
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|
to a religion or due to the immigration boom from the last seventy
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years, though the main reason is the decline in people identifying to
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any faith at all --- the number of atheists went from only 2% of
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Eittlanders in 1940 to 15% in 2019. The evolution of the religious
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population is shown in the chart below, and a geographical
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distribution of these in 2019 can be found in the map following the
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chart --- note that only the main religion is shown in a particular
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area and religions with fewer people in said area are not shown. You
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can also see on said map the population repartition of Eittland.
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#+headers: :cache yes :exports none :eval no-export
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#+begin_src gnuplot :file img/eittlandic/religions.png :var data=eittland-religions
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set title "Religions in Eittland since 1950"
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set title boxed offset 0,0 font ",15"
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set key invert reverse Left outside
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set yrange [0:100]
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set grid y
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set ylabel "Percentage"
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set border 3
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set style data histograms
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set style histogram rowstacked
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set style fill solid border -1
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set boxwidth 1
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plot data u 2:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Norse Faith', \
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data u 3:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Atheism', \
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data u 4:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Church of Eittland', \
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data u 5:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Christianity', \
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data u 6:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Buddhism', \
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data u 7:xticlabels(1) axis x1y1 title 'Other'
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#+end_src
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#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/religions.png">Religious Evolution of Eittland Since 1900</ImgFigure>
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#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-religion.png">Religious population of Eittland in 2019</ImgFigure>
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There is also a regional cultural difference between Western, Eastern,
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and Southern Eittland marked with some differences in traditions and
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language. There is currently a nationalist movement in Southern
|
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Eittland to create a new state within the Kingdom of Eittland. The
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repartition of the different eittlandic cultures is shown in the map
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below.
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#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-cultural.png">Cultural Map of Eittland</ImgFigure>
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Standard Eittlandic is a relatively young language, created in the
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1960s by the government in order to create a standard dialect to
|
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|
facilitate communications between Eittlanders and make learning the
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language easier. Standard Eittlandic is now enforced as the /de facto/
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legal language of the High Kingdom of Eittland, used by its
|
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government, schools, and universities, but the local dialects are
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still widely spoken privately and in business which remains regional.
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They still have a strong presence in popular media and are still
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spoken by younger generations, however, a decline has been registered
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since the 90s among young people living in cities, speaking more and
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more in Standard Eittlandic instead. Dialects are also rarely used on
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the internet outside private conversation. An estimate of 17% of
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the Eittlandic population younger than 25 in 2017 do not speak any
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dialectal Eittlandic outside of Standard Eittlandic, although only 2%
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of them do not understand their family’s dialectal Eittlandic.
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Standard Eittlandic also became the default dialect for Eittlandic
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communities living outside Eittland --- in these communities the
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inability of speaking other dialects rise to 61% while the ability to
|
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understand them rises to 25% among Eittlanders younger than 25 in 2018
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and who still have Eittlandic as their mother tongue.
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It is estimated only 0.05% of people living in Eittland do not speak
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any Eittlandic dialect, all of them being immigrants or children of
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immigrants. It is therefore safe to say Eittlandic is still going
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strong and does not face any risk of disappearing anytime soon,
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although we might be at the start of the decline of the historical
|
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dialects of Eittland in favour of Standard Eittlandic.
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In this document, you will see references to both Standard Eittlandic
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and Modern Eittlandic. Although some people use the terms
|
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|
interchangeably, they are not. /Standard Eittlandic/ refers to the
|
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|
official dialect described above, while /Modern Eittlandic/ refers to
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|
all modern dialects of Eittlandic. This document focuses on Modern
|
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|
Eittlandic in general, and when details about specific dialects are
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given, the name of said dialect will be shared.
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|
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** Name of the Country
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The origins of the name of Eittland are unclear, two main theories
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exist regarding its etymology.
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The first theory says the root of the name of “Eittland” is the
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accusative of /einn/ (Old Norse /one/, /alone/) and /land/ (Old Norse /country/,
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/land/). This is due to how remote it seemed to the people who
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discovered, before Iceland and Greenland were known. Hence, a possible
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translation of “Eittland” can be /Lonely Land/. The term “Eittlandic” is
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relatively transparent considering the term “Icelandic” for “Iceland”
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and “Greenlandic” for “Greenland”.
|
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|
|
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|
However, the second but least probable theory is the island is named
|
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after /eitr/, a mythical poison from which the first Jøtunn Ymir was
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created. Eittland’s waters near the volcanoes containing high amounts
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of sulphur, a poison, could be what named the island. This association
|
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with poison, as well as the association to the place where it was
|
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found, /Ginnungagap/, could have acted as a deterrent to prevent people
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outsiders from coming.
|
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|
|
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This last theory’s first recorded mention is from the 18th century,
|
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|
while the first theory appears to be much older, and therefore much
|
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more likely. It is possible the latter was thought of as a way to
|
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re-invigorate Eittland’s identity as a pagan country unlike its other
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Nordic counterparts, maybe even as a fearsome country.
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|
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|
Although the country is known as Eittland, the island itself bears a
|
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|
few other names. Early records show the island being referred to as
|
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|
/Vestrheim/ by early settlers, meaning /West Home/, and its inhabitants
|
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|
being referred to as /Vestrheiming/ and /Vestrheimingjar/ (singular and
|
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|
plural respectively). Around the same time, settlers living closer to
|
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|
the mountains would also call the inner lands /Fjallheim/, meaning
|
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/Mountain Home/, which stuck until now as a name for the Northwestern
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|
peninsula of Eittland. Lastly, the name /Eldøy/, /Fire Island/, was used
|
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|
to refer both to Eittland and Iceland due to their volcanic activity.
|
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|
Nowadays, the name morphed into /Eldfjall/ to refer to the volcanic
|
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|
cluster at the centre of the Island.
|
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|
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|
** History
|
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|
*** Early Eittlandic History (late 8th century - 14th century)
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|
According to historical records, Eittland was first found in 763 by
|
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Norwegian explorers. Its first settlement appeared in 782 on its
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|
eastern shores with hopes of finding new farmland. The population grew
|
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|
rapidly after the discovery of the southern shores, and in 915
|
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|
Eittland became self-governing with Ásmundr Úlfsonn declared the first
|
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Eittlandic king. However, in order to avoid any unnecessary conflicts,
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|
the new king swore allegiance to the Norwegian king Harald I
|
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|
Halfdansson. Eittland thus became a vassal state to the Norwegian
|
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|
crown while retaining autonomy from it, which was granted due to the
|
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|
distance between the two countries.
|
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|
|
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|
Shortly after however, the beginning of the Christianisation of the
|
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|
Nordic countries and especially of Norway created a new immigration
|
||||||
|
boost in Eittland with Norsemen seeking a pagan land untouched by
|
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|
Christian faith. In 935, a year after Haakon I Haraldsson became king
|
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|
of Norway and began trying to introduce Christianity to its people,
|
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|
the newly crowned king Áleifr I Ásmundson of Eittland adopted a new
|
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|
law forbidding the Christian faith to be imported, promoted, and
|
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|
practised in Eittland. This decision forever weakened the alliance
|
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|
between the two countries and deteriorated their relationship.
|
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|
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|
As more and more people in Eittland were moving to its western part
|
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|
due to larger opportunities with its farmlands, king Áleifr I chose in
|
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|
936 to move the capital of Eittland from Hylfjaltr to Đeberget and
|
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|
split in half the country. He appointed his brother Steingrímr, later
|
||||||
|
known as Steingrímr I Áleifsbróðr, as his co-ruler and gave him
|
||||||
|
authority over Eastern Eittland while he kept ruling himself over
|
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|
Western Eittland. This choice is due to the difficulty of going from
|
||||||
|
one side of the island to the other by land --- lava often flows from
|
||||||
|
volcanoes to the shores and destroy paths joining the two parts
|
||||||
|
together. This gave birth to the two states of the Kingdom of Đeberget
|
||||||
|
(also called the /Western Eittlandic Kingdom/) and the Kingdom of
|
||||||
|
Hylfjaltr (also called the /Eastern Eittlandic Kingdom/). More on that
|
||||||
|
in [[file:country.md#Political-Organization][Political Organization]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** Crusades and Independence (13th century - 1400)
|
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|
As soon as the 13th century, and through the 14th century, the
|
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|
Teutonic Order and the Livonian Order, backed by the Holy Roman
|
||||||
|
Empire, proposed crusades against Eittland to get rid of its Norse
|
||||||
|
faith. However, these never came to be due to the distance between
|
||||||
|
Eittland and mainland Europe, despite the papal authorizations in
|
||||||
|
1228, 1257, 1289, 1325, and 1367.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In 1397, the creation of the Kalmar Union kicked a new crusade, this
|
||||||
|
time backed by the Union itself as well as the Teutonic Order --- Eric
|
||||||
|
of Pomerania aimed to unify his country both religiously by getting
|
||||||
|
rid of the Norse faith in Eittland and politically by getting rid of
|
||||||
|
its established monarchy. A contingent sailed to Eittland to submit
|
||||||
|
the island, however they were met with fierce resistance by the locals
|
||||||
|
on arrival. Estimates show that while some 2,400 Eittlandic people
|
||||||
|
died during this first invasion, most of the 3,000 men sent were
|
||||||
|
either killed or taken prisoners.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In 1398, a new contingent of 12,000 men landed in Eittland. This time,
|
||||||
|
a much more prepared army of 14,000 men faced them on a battlefield
|
||||||
|
east of the eastern capital of Hyfjaltr. This resulted in an
|
||||||
|
Eittlandic victory, however the Monarch of Hylfjaltr Eiríkr IV
|
||||||
|
Ásgeirsbróðr lost his life during the battle. Coincidentally, the High
|
||||||
|
King Ásgeirr I Biœrgson died of unknown causes around the same time.
|
||||||
|
Historians still debate whether it is due to the ongoing conflict, and
|
||||||
|
if it is by whom. Theories range from poisoning by spies from the
|
||||||
|
Kalmar Union, to assassination by the next rulers, to a much more
|
||||||
|
simple, unknown health condition which coincided with the ongoing
|
||||||
|
events.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
During the same year, the Althing elected Arvid I Geirson as the new
|
||||||
|
High King who nominated his brother Havardr I Arvidsbróðr as the
|
||||||
|
Monarch of Hylfjaltr. While the previous monarchs took a more
|
||||||
|
defensive approach, they chose to become much more aggressive,
|
||||||
|
striving for independence. After demands were sent to the Kalmar
|
||||||
|
Union, Eittland began a series of raids on its territories, ranging
|
||||||
|
from Iceland to the Faroese Islands to even two raids in Norway and
|
||||||
|
Denmark. These raids only aimed trade and military ships but severely
|
||||||
|
handicapped the Union’s marine.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
On September 17th, 1400 High King Arvid I Geirson of Eittland and King
|
||||||
|
Erik of the Kalmar Union met in Reykjavík to sign the Treaty of
|
||||||
|
Reykjavík, during which the Kalmar Union recognized the independence
|
||||||
|
of Eittland and renounced its claims to the island. On the other hand,
|
||||||
|
Eittland ceded its Greenlandic colonies to the Kalmar Union. Both
|
||||||
|
parties agreed to end the hostilities towards one another.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
While the Union no longer launched any crusades against Eittland, the
|
||||||
|
Teutonic Order attempted to land again in 1407 with 4,000 men.
|
||||||
|
Although the Kingdom of Hylfjaltr took a devastating blow during the
|
||||||
|
initial days of the crusade, loosing well over 6,000 men, the invaders
|
||||||
|
were ultimately defeated thanks to reinforcement from the Kingdom of
|
||||||
|
Ðeberget. This marked the end of crusades in Eittland.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** The Absolute Monarchy (1400 - late 1700s)
|
||||||
|
Once independent, Eittland quickly became isolated among the European
|
||||||
|
nations due as it was perceived as a pagan nation by the rest of the
|
||||||
|
continent. For over a century, the country had to be almost entirely
|
||||||
|
self-sufficient. This lead to a more in-depth survey of the resources
|
||||||
|
of the land launched in 1421. Large quantities of iron were discovered
|
||||||
|
in 1432 in Western Eittland in the geologically older parts of the
|
||||||
|
island as well as copper and some gold.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Unfortunately for the island, no coal deposit ever got found, the
|
||||||
|
islanders turned to charcoal instead. During the following century, an
|
||||||
|
important deforestation of Eittland took place until the royal decree
|
||||||
|
of 1542 was proclaimed in order to protect the forests. It ruled that
|
||||||
|
for each tree felled in the next hundred years, four shall be planted,
|
||||||
|
and only one once the period ended. The only exceptions were for
|
||||||
|
creating new pastures with the condition of the request being
|
||||||
|
submitted and accepted by the local Jarl and its government.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The discovery of important marble deposits in the geologically more
|
||||||
|
recent parts of the island in 1512 was the event that reopened trades
|
||||||
|
with the continent. England was the first country to openly trade with
|
||||||
|
Eittland, swiftly followed by states from the Holy Roman Empire and
|
||||||
|
other protestant countries. The country became famous for its pure
|
||||||
|
white and green marble, which became its emblem. Walking in the
|
||||||
|
streets of major cities today, we can still see most of the monuments
|
||||||
|
and buildings from during that era made of marble. It is particularly
|
||||||
|
the case in Hylfjaltr, known by the nickname of “The White City” due
|
||||||
|
to the sheer amount of monuments made out of this material.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It is around this time religious wars broke out in mainland Europe,
|
||||||
|
and war refugees coming at first from Scandinavia and soon enough from
|
||||||
|
all Northern and Western Europe came to Eittland to seek refuge. They
|
||||||
|
were accepted on the condition never to try and spread their religion
|
||||||
|
on the island with the risk of expulsion back to continental Europe.
|
||||||
|
At the time, the influx of refugees represented around one percent of
|
||||||
|
its total population, with about two thirds of it being protestants
|
||||||
|
and the rest Catholics. The local protestant population officially
|
||||||
|
founded in 1587 the Church of Eittland.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You can find in the chart below a breakdown of the various countries
|
||||||
|
and regions religious refugees came from. Although Scandinavia was one
|
||||||
|
of the first regions to take refuge in Eittland, most refugees came
|
||||||
|
from the Holy Roman Empire and from France where religious wars were
|
||||||
|
particularly violent. It is estimated most of the Protestant
|
||||||
|
population of Eittland are mainly from French descent, while the Holy
|
||||||
|
Roman Empire and Scandinavian population came with mixes of Christians
|
||||||
|
and Protestants. On the other hand most, if not all, of the English
|
||||||
|
population was Christian.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#+header: :exports none :eval no-export
|
||||||
|
#+header: :file img/eittlandic/religious-refugees.png :cache yes
|
||||||
|
#+begin_src gnuplot :var data=nationality-religious-refugees
|
||||||
|
set title "Country of Origin of Religious Refugees"
|
||||||
|
set title boxed offset 0,-3 font ",15"
|
||||||
|
set style fill solid border lt -1
|
||||||
|
set style textbox opaque noborder
|
||||||
|
set boxwidth 1.0 absolute
|
||||||
|
unset key
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
set yrange [0:45]
|
||||||
|
set grid y
|
||||||
|
set ylabel "Percentage"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
set border 3
|
||||||
|
set style data histograms
|
||||||
|
set style histogram cluster gap 1
|
||||||
|
set style fill solid border -1
|
||||||
|
set boxwidth 0.9
|
||||||
|
set xtic rotate by -45 scale 0
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
plot data u 2:xtic(1)
|
||||||
|
#+end_src
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/religious-refugees.png">Breakdown of the country or region of origin of religious refugees in the 1500s</ImgFigure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With the beginning of colonization of Northern America, Eittland
|
||||||
|
became a naval hotspot. Its position allowed ships to cut in half
|
||||||
|
their journey if necessary and replenish their supplies. England and
|
||||||
|
the Netherlands were the first countries to halt in Eittland for such
|
||||||
|
reasons, participating in an important economic boom in the early 16th
|
||||||
|
century on a national scale. France later joined this trade route
|
||||||
|
starting in 1619 when going to their colonies in modern-day Canada.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
On the 30th of March 1775, England demanded from Eittland a port to be
|
||||||
|
used as a military port as part of their war effort during the
|
||||||
|
American revolution. Eittland refused these demands, invoking a
|
||||||
|
neutrality concerning the ongoing conflict. In response, England sent
|
||||||
|
an ultimatum, asking the port of Vátrsteinn to be their military base.
|
||||||
|
On Eittland’s second refusal, England declared war and launched a land
|
||||||
|
invasion of the island. The general in charge of the invasion, Sir
|
||||||
|
Andrew Sapping, decided to avoid landing in fjords, judging it too
|
||||||
|
risky and prone to ambushes. Instead, English troops landed in the
|
||||||
|
flatlands west of Vátrsteinn. While Eittlandic troops were massing in
|
||||||
|
the nearby town of Vestrferðaróss, a volcano erupted into a
|
||||||
|
pyroclastic flow. The English landing site being on its path, half of
|
||||||
|
the invading English forces were immediately wiped out, and two thirds
|
||||||
|
of their vessels were badly damaged or destroyed. Immediately after
|
||||||
|
this, Sir Sapping surrendered to the Eittlandic troops which were
|
||||||
|
captured as prisoners of war. Due to this defeat and the sudden
|
||||||
|
reduction in available men and ships in the English army, the Treaty
|
||||||
|
of Hylfjaltr was signed on the 25 of May of the same year. While
|
||||||
|
England recognized its defeat, Eittland promised not to intervene on
|
||||||
|
any side in the current rebellion of the American colonies (which was
|
||||||
|
not the intent of Eittland in the first place).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
After the independence of the United States of America, Eittland not
|
||||||
|
only retained its status as a maritime hotspot but also boomed as one
|
||||||
|
between Northern America and Europe. Its ports of Kóparváll and
|
||||||
|
Tvinnár, near Ðeberget and Hylfjaltr respectively, became the two
|
||||||
|
major ports in Eittland, with Tvinnár generally favoured by ships
|
||||||
|
coming from Europe and Kóparváll favoured by ships coming from
|
||||||
|
Northern America.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** Industrial Revolution and Constitutional Monarchy (18th century)
|
||||||
|
By the beginning of the 18th century, Eittland begins to heavily
|
||||||
|
industrialize out of a need for larger and more effective ports,
|
||||||
|
requiring themselves lots of various machinery and base materials.
|
||||||
|
Mines in Western Eittland became much more active, extracting primary
|
||||||
|
resources such as iron, aluminium and other precious metals.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Due to a lack of coal in the Eittlandic island, the country had to buy
|
||||||
|
it from other countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States
|
||||||
|
or modern-day Canada. Coal stayed the primary source of power in
|
||||||
|
Eittland for most of the century up to around the 1880s when Eittland
|
||||||
|
found deposits off its Eastern coast. Oil extraction remains to this
|
||||||
|
day a significant part of the Eittlandic economy, although in decline
|
||||||
|
due to the deposits progressively drying up.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Industrial development mostly happened in Eastern Eittland due to its
|
||||||
|
flatter terrain compared to Western Eittland. Primary resources
|
||||||
|
extracted from Western Eittland were primarily brought to factories by
|
||||||
|
boat; although the country pushed towards building train tracks, the
|
||||||
|
eastern and western parts of the country remained separated due to the
|
||||||
|
frequent eruptions of the volcanoes in the central part of the island
|
||||||
|
cutting off any attempt to link the two regions.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fishing also developed as a significant activity in Eittland, most of
|
||||||
|
its products was sold within Eittland for its people and only a small
|
||||||
|
portion became available for international market. Nonetheless,
|
||||||
|
Eittlandic fish slowly built a reputation of quality and became sought
|
||||||
|
after by Northern American and Western European elites. In 1895, fish
|
||||||
|
and seafood exports represented 35.3% of Eittland’s exports.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In 1826, the country underwent a change in its government, going from
|
||||||
|
an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. More details in
|
||||||
|
[[file:./country.md#constitutional-monarchy][Constitutional Monarchy]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** 20th Century, World Wars, and Europe
|
||||||
|
At the turn of the century, Eittland became an important hub of
|
||||||
|
commerce between Europe and Northern America with its two major ports,
|
||||||
|
Kóparvall and Tvinnár.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** Women’s right to vote
|
||||||
|
On August 22nd 1902, a bill written by the House of the People led by
|
||||||
|
the Labourer’s Party is ratified by the High King. It gives women the
|
||||||
|
right to vote in any election open to the Eittlandic people. On March
|
||||||
|
15th 1915, a second law written by the Labourer’s Party is ratified by
|
||||||
|
the High King, giving women the right to be elected at the House of
|
||||||
|
the People while noblewomen got the right to inherit the title of
|
||||||
|
Jarl, making them eligible to the House of the Land. Quickly after,
|
||||||
|
Kari Nialsdóttr became the first woman ever elected to the House of
|
||||||
|
the People during the general election of September 1905, while Ása
|
||||||
|
Sigríðsdóttr became the first woman to enter the House of the Land
|
||||||
|
in 1934.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** World War One
|
||||||
|
When World War I started, Eittland stated their neutrality regarding
|
||||||
|
the matter and continued business with any country willing to do so.
|
||||||
|
The only Eittlandic deaths recorded were three voluntary men of German
|
||||||
|
descent who went to mainland Europe in order to fight on Germany’s
|
||||||
|
side. Two of them died during the battle of the Somme while one died
|
||||||
|
of an unspecified illness.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** 1920s and 1930s
|
||||||
|
As it was largely unaffected by the Great War, Eittland became an
|
||||||
|
important economic partner of the European countries affected by the
|
||||||
|
war, especially in terms of reconstruction. This further cemented
|
||||||
|
Eittland’s place in European economics. However, the country became
|
||||||
|
affected by the Great Depression too. Some twenty thousand Eittlanders
|
||||||
|
left Eittland at the time, fifteen thousand of them went to the
|
||||||
|
United States while five thousands left for European countries such as
|
||||||
|
Norway, Germany, the UK, or France. To this day, Chicago (Michigan,
|
||||||
|
USA) is known for hosting the only significant Eittlandic population
|
||||||
|
outside Eittland, and second-generation Eittlandic immigrants
|
||||||
|
retained their Eittlandic nationality despite most of them never going
|
||||||
|
to Eittland.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** World War Two (1940-1944)
|
||||||
|
In the years leading up to World War Two, Nazi Germany spent great
|
||||||
|
efforts to develop a positive relationship with Eittland, mostly due
|
||||||
|
to their fascination for ancient Nordic culture and Eittland being the
|
||||||
|
only still pagan Nordic country. Eittland’s location would be also of
|
||||||
|
great strategic importance in the Atlantic with such a central place,
|
||||||
|
with the ability of acting as a relay between Northern America and
|
||||||
|
Europe, or as a base of operations allowing for a much greater range
|
||||||
|
of action. However, Eittland reaffirmed several times their will to
|
||||||
|
remain neutral in any conflict. After war broke out in mainland
|
||||||
|
Europe, the United Kingdom, fearing Eittland joining the Axis, offered
|
||||||
|
Eittland on January 23rd 1940 to join the Allies in order to not only
|
||||||
|
benefit themselves from Eittland’s geographical advantages, but also
|
||||||
|
avoid Germany to benefit from it. This proposal was once again
|
||||||
|
refused, yet again due to Eittland’s will of staying neutral.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
However, on April 3rd 1940, Germany launched a surprise naval invasion
|
||||||
|
of Eittland, landing South of Hylfjaltr. This triggered an immediate
|
||||||
|
military response from Eittland, fighting back as they could the
|
||||||
|
German army. On the same day, Eittland called for help and joined
|
||||||
|
almost immediately the Allies. Three days after the beginning of the
|
||||||
|
invasion, British troops and ships arrived in Eittland, attacking the
|
||||||
|
German army from the sea while Eittlanders attacked from land. The
|
||||||
|
last German soldier surrendered on April 14th, eleven days after the
|
||||||
|
beginning of the invasion. Eittland became then a base of operations
|
||||||
|
of the Allies in the Atlantic, strengthening their position against
|
||||||
|
German U-boats and other warships.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Fearing a similar fate awaited Iceland, Eittland suggested to the
|
||||||
|
United Kingdom a preemptive occupation of the country by themselves.
|
||||||
|
Thus, on May 10th 1940, the British and Eittlandic navies invaded
|
||||||
|
Iceland, violating their neutrality. However, aside from diplomacy,
|
||||||
|
this went without any incident, and while the British army left
|
||||||
|
Iceland a year later, the Eittlandic army stayed for protection of the
|
||||||
|
country.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Eittlandic ports played an important part in bringing US warships and
|
||||||
|
war material to Europe, especially in the months leading up to D-Day
|
||||||
|
and the different landings in the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** Eittland-Iceland Alliance (1948 - present)
|
||||||
|
When the war ended in Europe and Iceland gained its independence, a
|
||||||
|
referendum was held in both Eittland and Iceland on January 10th 1946
|
||||||
|
regarding the potential unification of the two countries, as both were
|
||||||
|
already close to one another both geographically and culturally. This
|
||||||
|
however never came to pass. In Iceland, 54% of voters voted against
|
||||||
|
the unification, while 64% of Eittlandic voters also answered “no”.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The two countries still entered a close alliance in February 1948,
|
||||||
|
Iceland relying on Eittland for military protection while an economic
|
||||||
|
alliance was made between both of them. While it evolved in the
|
||||||
|
following year inspired by the organizations that preceded the
|
||||||
|
European Union, some of its aspects later inspired the creation of the
|
||||||
|
Schengen Area some decades later. Iceland and Eittland integrated each
|
||||||
|
other’s economy tightly, while their industries interacted with one
|
||||||
|
another without any restrictions due to borders or customs. The
|
||||||
|
distinction in nationality also became largely irrelevant between the
|
||||||
|
two countries: only a few select governmental positions are still
|
||||||
|
reserved to the citizens of their birth country, generally linked to
|
||||||
|
high military ranks or secret services. It was thus possible for
|
||||||
|
citizens of both countries to move freely between Iceland and Eittland
|
||||||
|
and live in either country as any of its citizens would while goods
|
||||||
|
could also be freely exchanged.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Thus, in 1965, Páll Jónsson became the first Icelandic citizen elected
|
||||||
|
to public office as the Town Master of Eldheim in Western Eittland. In
|
||||||
|
May 1982, Bárður Márusson became the first Icelandic citizen to be
|
||||||
|
elected to the House of the People, while Valgeir Þórinnson became the
|
||||||
|
first Eittlandic citizen to be elected to the Icelandic parliament in
|
||||||
|
April 1983.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** Computer Sciences Pioneering
|
||||||
|
Out of personal interest, the then Co-King of Ðeberget Ragnarr
|
||||||
|
Sigurðsbróðr asked the Dean of the Royal University of Eittland
|
||||||
|
(/Konunglig Eittlandsuniversitet/) to open as quickly as possible a lab
|
||||||
|
focused on the development of computers and computer sciences. While
|
||||||
|
the Co-King holds no power and is purely a ceremonial title, the Dean
|
||||||
|
obliged and founded the first Eittlandic computer science laboratory,
|
||||||
|
the /Konunglig Eittlandsuniversitetitsvétalsráðuneyt/ (litt. “Royal
|
||||||
|
Eittland’s University’s Computer Department”), or /Vétalsráðuneyt/ for
|
||||||
|
short. This accompanied a new law raising the annual budget allocated
|
||||||
|
to universities in Eittland to 9% of the nation’s GDP. As the first
|
||||||
|
lab grew in size and became more and more prominent internationally,
|
||||||
|
even becoming one of the leading laboratories along with MIT, Bell
|
||||||
|
Labs and CERN, numerous other laboratories both public and private
|
||||||
|
appeared in Eittland. Nowadays, the /Vétalsráðuneyt/ is still regarded
|
||||||
|
as one of the top research laboratories and university department in
|
||||||
|
Eittland, and the /Konunglig Eittlandsuniversitet/ often ranks in the
|
||||||
|
top five universities in the world regarding computer science.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
What is now known as the Internet is born of a mix of ARPANET, the
|
||||||
|
American standard, and Skruggmál, the Eittlandic standard. Eittland
|
||||||
|
also became the first country off the coast of the United States to
|
||||||
|
become connected to the American continent. It also became the main
|
||||||
|
relay between mainland Europe and Northern America with one third of
|
||||||
|
internet connections between the continent going through Eittlandic
|
||||||
|
servers in 2015, although this number is slowly getting lower, as new
|
||||||
|
direct lines between Northern America and Europe are being laid.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Eittland became one of the first countries to pledge on a national
|
||||||
|
level in 1989 to conform to the Unicode standard when it would be
|
||||||
|
ready, which came in effect on the publication of the first version of
|
||||||
|
its standard on October 1992. The Teknikráðuneyt, the Eittlandic
|
||||||
|
Technology Ministry, remained a full voting member of the Unicode
|
||||||
|
Consortium from 1991 to 2006 and from 2015 until today. It is through
|
||||||
|
its lobby that the first version of the Unicode standard integrated
|
||||||
|
runes, Eittland’s official alphabet, and compatibility with the
|
||||||
|
=ISO-EI-1a= through =ISO-EI-5c= encoding systems as well as various
|
||||||
|
non-standard encoding systems used by minor Eittlandic operating
|
||||||
|
systems.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** 21st century
|
||||||
|
**** Eittland and the European Union (1994-present)
|
||||||
|
Although it never applied for membership in the European Union,
|
||||||
|
Eittland is still part of the European Economic Area as well as the
|
||||||
|
Schengen Area, making it easy for European citizen as well as
|
||||||
|
Eittlandic citizens to move freely in Europe. It joined these two
|
||||||
|
organizations on their creation, in 1994 and in 1995 respectively,
|
||||||
|
after signing both in 1992 and 1985 respectively.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In 2008, due to the economic crisis and instability of the Eittlandic
|
||||||
|
Krúna (*EIK*), discussions opened with the European Parliament to adopt
|
||||||
|
the Euro. Brussels accepted the application in 2013 and the Euro
|
||||||
|
became the official Eittlandic currency in 2015. Eittlanders have a
|
||||||
|
ten years window to convert their Eittlandic Krúna in Euros, which
|
||||||
|
will become the sole currency accepted in Eittland starting January
|
||||||
|
1st 2026.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
EU membership became an important debate topic in politics after the
|
||||||
|
2013 in the Eurozone, however the government sent no official
|
||||||
|
membership application to the European Union. Poll estimates paint
|
||||||
|
mixed feelings from the Eittlandic people with only a thin margin
|
||||||
|
putting either "yes" or "no" in front of the other when asked if
|
||||||
|
people would like Eittland to join the EU, as seen below.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| | Yes | No | Do not know |
|
||||||
|
|------+------+------+-------------|
|
||||||
|
| 1995 | 40.6 | 34.2 | 25.2 |
|
||||||
|
| 1998 | 41.2 | 36.3 | 22.5 |
|
||||||
|
| 2001 | 42.3 | 38.9 | 18.8 |
|
||||||
|
| 2005 | 43.0 | 40.1 | 16.9 |
|
||||||
|
| 2009 | 39.5 | 41.3 | 19.2 |
|
||||||
|
| 2010 | 43.4 | 44.3 | 12.3 |
|
||||||
|
| 2013 | 45.6 | 44.7 | 9.7 |
|
||||||
|
| 2015 | 46.4 | 45.9 | 7.7 |
|
||||||
|
| 2020 | 41.5 | 41.7 | 16.8 |
|
||||||
|
#+TBLFM: $4=100-($3+$2)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** Internet and Computer Boom
|
||||||
|
Eittland is home to some of the largest websites in the world,
|
||||||
|
considered the European counterpart to the United States’ Silicon
|
||||||
|
Valley. Some of its best known websites are Raustr, a podcast and
|
||||||
|
blogging platform often compared to a Facebook or VK alternative, as
|
||||||
|
well as Sønmek, a video streaming and sharing platform compared to
|
||||||
|
YouTube and Twitch.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
An entire governmental department of the Teknikráðuneyt got assigned
|
||||||
|
to developing and auditing the Linux kernel in 2011. Although it has
|
||||||
|
no official name, it is often referred to as the *pengvinsstyrsamhald*,
|
||||||
|
or *Penguins’ Battalion* in English. It was later integrated in a larger
|
||||||
|
department dedicated to open source software in general.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In 2014, the Eittlandic government announced fully switching to free
|
||||||
|
and open-source software on all levels of government. This became
|
||||||
|
fully effective in 2016, with all software developed for the
|
||||||
|
government changing their licence to the GPL-3.0 or AGPL-3.0 licences
|
||||||
|
and their source code available on the Teknikráðuneyt’s website.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
** Political Organization
|
||||||
|
*** Kingdoms and Monarchy
|
||||||
|
While Eittland is a single country, it hosts two kingdoms: the Kingdom
|
||||||
|
of Đeberget in the western part of the country, and the Kingdom of
|
||||||
|
Hylfjaltr in its eastern part. This is due to a separation of the
|
||||||
|
country in two halves during the reign of Eittland’s second king
|
||||||
|
Áleifr I when he realized the difficulties he and the following
|
||||||
|
monarchs of the island would face trying to rule the country alone
|
||||||
|
while the latter is almost always split in two by active volcanoes.
|
||||||
|
Thus, while the two kingdoms operate very independently of each other
|
||||||
|
--- each have their own policies on economics, education, industry,
|
||||||
|
and so on --- they also operate in cooperation as the Eittlandic High
|
||||||
|
Kingdom with the king of Đeberget at its head when it comes to common
|
||||||
|
policies, such as military decision and international affairs.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-political.png">The Two Eittlandic States</ImgFigure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This means that while both governments are independent of each other
|
||||||
|
and are legally equals to each other, the western monarch is the one
|
||||||
|
with the authority to decide on national actions after negotiations
|
||||||
|
between them and the eastern monarch. This is reflected by the throne
|
||||||
|
rooms found in official buildings such as the royal palaces where
|
||||||
|
three thrones can be found: a central, very large throne surrounded by
|
||||||
|
two other identical thrones, the right one for the monarch of
|
||||||
|
Hylfjaltr and the left one for the king of Đeberget. Most of the time,
|
||||||
|
both monarchs sit on their side throne, including when they meet each
|
||||||
|
other as the monarchs of Hylfjaltr and Đeberget. However, when the
|
||||||
|
monarch of Đeberget is meant to act as the High Monarch of Eittland,
|
||||||
|
they step up to the central throne and then represent the country as a
|
||||||
|
whole.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
At the end of the reign of the High King, either through abdication or
|
||||||
|
their death, his successor is enthroned within a month. Then, within a
|
||||||
|
year, the new High King has to appoint a new monarch for Hylfjaltr.
|
||||||
|
Traditionally, the new co-ruler is a brother of the current High
|
||||||
|
Monarch, however history showed it could be sometimes an uncle, a son,
|
||||||
|
a sister or even sometimes a daughter. When the eastern monarch either
|
||||||
|
abdicates or dies, the High Monarch has a month to designate a new
|
||||||
|
one.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Up until the 14th century, the monarch of Hylfjaltr was rarely the
|
||||||
|
successor of the High Monarch. However, High King Ólafr I changed this
|
||||||
|
tradition and created a new one. He named his brother and co-ruler
|
||||||
|
King of Eittland and his son Prince of Eittland. From here on, the
|
||||||
|
King (or occasionally the Queen) of Eastern Eittland was meant to
|
||||||
|
become the new High Monarch of Eittland and make the Prince (or
|
||||||
|
occasional Princess) the ruler of Hylfjaltr. Then, once the reign of
|
||||||
|
the King ends, the Prince becomes the new High King and nominates a
|
||||||
|
new King and a new Prince. This was done to ensure the upcoming High
|
||||||
|
Monarch would be prepared in ruling the whole country by first ruling
|
||||||
|
the state. If anything were to happen to the Prince or Princess of
|
||||||
|
Eittland while the King or Queen of Hylfjaltr is on the throne, they
|
||||||
|
would have to nominate a new heir among the other possible heirs
|
||||||
|
possible for the late High Monarch.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
When the High Monarchs steps up to the central throne, they may
|
||||||
|
designate someone to fill in the role of the monarch of Đeberget for
|
||||||
|
the time being. They can also authorize the monarch of Hylfjaltr to do
|
||||||
|
so in case they are unavailable and someone needs to represent the
|
||||||
|
country in front of foreign representatives. The last example was
|
||||||
|
during the two last years of Eríkr V’s reign from 1987 to 1989 when he
|
||||||
|
could not act as High King due to his illness. While he did not
|
||||||
|
abdicate, he authorized king Harald III to act as High King while he
|
||||||
|
appointed his daughter and present-day High Queen Njall III as the
|
||||||
|
acting monarch of Đeberget.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** Regions and Jarldoms
|
||||||
|
While each kingdom is ruled by a monarch and the country is ruled by
|
||||||
|
the High Monarch, the kingdoms are divided into several kinds of
|
||||||
|
subdivisions. The most common one is the jarldom, historically ruled
|
||||||
|
by and still represented by a jarl during ceremonies. “Jarl”
|
||||||
|
translates as “Earl” in English, and they were the nobles in charge of
|
||||||
|
managing parts of the land in the name of the ruler.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/map-provinces.png">Eittlandic Provinces</ImgFigure>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Some parts of the land are directly under the control of the crown,
|
||||||
|
such as the districts of Đeberget and Hylfjaltr, which the ruler ruled
|
||||||
|
without intermediaries. They are the private possessions of the family
|
||||||
|
of the rulers.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
On top of this the centre of the island is divided in territories, one
|
||||||
|
administered by the government of Đeberget and two by the government
|
||||||
|
of Hylfjaltr. These territories are supposedly not inhabited by anyone
|
||||||
|
and are currently natural parks. This is mostly where you can find the
|
||||||
|
mountains and volcanoes of Eittland as well as its cold deserts.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Due to the Last Royal Decree of 1826, jarls no longer rule their
|
||||||
|
jarldom themselves any more. Instead, a local elected government takes
|
||||||
|
care of this role now.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*** Governments
|
||||||
|
**** Monarchy and Things
|
||||||
|
The first form of government created in Eittland revolved around
|
||||||
|
Things (/þing/ in Eittlandic), assemblies of varying size occasionally
|
||||||
|
created at various levels of the state to decide on important matters,
|
||||||
|
with the Althing being the highest Thing to exist in Eittland. The
|
||||||
|
Things allow at first any adult man to participate, but as the
|
||||||
|
population grew some restrictions were put in place in order to limit
|
||||||
|
the amount of participants. Only one man could represent a household
|
||||||
|
starting from 982. Then, starting from 998, only jarls were allowed to
|
||||||
|
the ruler’s Thing, and only ten jarls from each kingdom, elected among
|
||||||
|
all the jarls from the same kingdom, would be allowed to attend the
|
||||||
|
High Monarch’s Thing. These jarls would then act as representatives of
|
||||||
|
the kingdom to the High King and his counsellors.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In 1278, the first formal ministry (or department) was created in the
|
||||||
|
Ðeberget Kingdom, called a /Ráðuneyt/ (litt. “fellowship of
|
||||||
|
counsellors”) with a /Ráðunautr/ at its head, to aid the King Hallþórr V
|
||||||
|
Gunhildson’s in administering agriculture. The Hylfjaltr Kingdom soon
|
||||||
|
followed, creating its own in 1283 by order of Eyvindr III
|
||||||
|
Steingrímson. From then, ráðuneyts were created as needed with a
|
||||||
|
growing number.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**** Constitutional Monarchy
|
||||||
|
In 1826, fearing the revolutionary climate in mainland Europe, Ólafr V
|
||||||
|
passed the appropriately named “Last Royal Decree” in 1826. This act
|
||||||
|
put in place a new form of government based on the British monarchy.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The king transfers all the royal power from the rulers of Đeberget and
|
||||||
|
Hylfjaltr to the House of the People and the House of the Land (the
|
||||||
|
equivalent of the lower and upper Houses respectively). The House of
|
||||||
|
the People is composed of men elected during general elections every
|
||||||
|
eight years. It was decided for each jarldom and district, one
|
||||||
|
representative would be elected plus another one for each percentage
|
||||||
|
of the population of the kingdom the jarldom represents.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A similar system was created for jarldoms in order to replace jarls
|
||||||
|
with locally elected governments, as well as the organization of
|
||||||
|
municipalities.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
At first only male landowner of the Nordic Faith could vote and could
|
||||||
|
be elected. In 1886, all men of the Nordic Faith got the right to vote
|
||||||
|
and be elected in the general elections. In 1902, women gained the
|
||||||
|
right to vote, and they gained the right to be elected in 1915. The
|
||||||
|
law that allowed women to vote also made the authorities stop
|
||||||
|
enforcing the restriction on the faith of the participants --- while
|
||||||
|
the original texts of 1826 and 1886 were clear on the fact only men of
|
||||||
|
the Nordic Faith were allowed to vote and be elected, women had no
|
||||||
|
such restriction making it unclear if it only applied to women or if
|
||||||
|
this restriction was revoked for everyone. Organizers of the next
|
||||||
|
elections in 1905 chose not to enforce this religious restriction and
|
||||||
|
ever since then. In 1998, Queen Njall III exceptionally used her
|
||||||
|
powers of High Queen to pass a law to clarify this issue and formally
|
||||||
|
make Eittland a non-religious country. This also removed the long
|
||||||
|
unenforced ban on other religions in Eittland.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Note that while the rulers of Đeberget and Hylfjaltr have lost all
|
||||||
|
their power with the “Last Royal Decree”, the High Monarch remained
|
||||||
|
unaffected by the text though they act and are expected to act as if
|
||||||
|
it were the case. To replace them, the eastern and western governments
|
||||||
|
elect a single national representative meant to act as the head of
|
||||||
|
both states instead of the High Monarch who now holds only a
|
||||||
|
ceremonial position. However, it happens from time to time the High
|
||||||
|
Monarch passes a law, although they only write down in the law already
|
||||||
|
well established traditions, such as the ban on the religious
|
||||||
|
restrictions for voters which had not been enforced for almost a
|
||||||
|
century by that point.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Today, Ráðuneyts still exist, but their head is no longer designated
|
||||||
|
by the monarch but by the head of the House of the People. Here is the
|
||||||
|
list of Ministries that exist in Eittland in 2022:
|
||||||
|
- /Bærráðuneyt/ :: Agriculture Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Dæmaráðuneyt :: Justice Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Erlendslandsráðuneyt :: Foreign Affair Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Fræðiráðuneyt :: Education Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Heilsráðuneyt :: Health Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Konungdómráðuneyt :: Kingdom’s Ministry (State Affairs)
|
||||||
|
- Náttúrráðuneyt :: Nature Ministry (including ecology)
|
||||||
|
- Rógráðuneyt :: War Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Teknikráðuneyt :: Technology Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Kaupráðuneyt :: Economy Ministry
|
||||||
|
- Vinnaráðuneyt :: Employment Ministry
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With the separation of the State with its religious departments
|
||||||
|
following the law of 1998, the /Heiðniráðuneyt/ (the Heathendom
|
||||||
|
Department) became an entity separate from the Government. Its
|
||||||
|
Ráðunautr used to be exceptionally appointed by the House of the Land,
|
||||||
|
unlike the rest of Ráðunautrs.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* Private Data :noexport:
|
||||||
|
#+name: eittland-religions
|
||||||
|
| / | < | | | | | |
|
||||||
|
| Year | Norse Faith | Atheism | Church of Eittland | Christianity | Buddhism | Other |
|
||||||
|
|------+-------------+---------+--------------------+--------------+----------+-------|
|
||||||
|
| 1900 | 97 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|
||||||
|
| 1950 | 93 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
|
||||||
|
| 1975 | 84 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0.5 | 4.5 |
|
||||||
|
| 2000 | 76 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
|
||||||
|
| 2019 | 69 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 3 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#+name: nationality-religious-refugees
|
||||||
|
| Country | Percentage |
|
||||||
|
|-------------------+------------|
|
||||||
|
| France | 36 |
|
||||||
|
| Holy Roman Empire | 24 |
|
||||||
|
| Scandinavia | 22 |
|
||||||
|
| United Kingdom | 14 |
|
||||||
|
| Others | 4 |
|
||||||
|
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: 1-2-personal-pronouns-table
|
#+name: 1-2-personal-pronouns-table
|
||||||
#+caption: First and second person pronouns in Eittlandic
|
#+caption: First and second person pronouns in Eittlandic
|
||||||
| | 1s | 2s | 1p | 2p |
|
| | 1s | 2s | 1p | 2s |
|
||||||
|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
|
|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
|
||||||
| Nom | ek | þú | vér | ér |
|
| Nom | ek | þú | vér | ér |
|
||||||
| Acc | mik | þik | oss | yðr |
|
| Acc | mik | þik | oss | yðr |
|
||||||
@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ or /theirs/.
|
|||||||
# - What are the structural properties of verbs?
|
# - What are the structural properties of verbs?
|
||||||
# - What are the major subclasses of verbs?
|
# - What are the major subclasses of verbs?
|
||||||
# - Describe the order of various verbal operators within the verbal
|
# - Describe the order of various verbal operators within the verbal
|
||||||
# word or verb phrase.
|
# - word or verb phrase.
|
||||||
# - Give charts of the tense/aspect/mode, etc. Indicate major
|
# - Give charts of the tense/aspect/mode, etc. Indicate major
|
||||||
# allomorphic variants.
|
# allomorphic variants.
|
||||||
# - Are directional and/or locational notions expressed in the verb or
|
# - Are directional and/or locational notions expressed in the verb or
|
||||||
# verb phrase at all?
|
# - verb phrase at all?
|
||||||
# - Is this operation obligatory, i.e. does one member of the
|
# - Is this operation obligatory, i.e. does one member of the
|
||||||
# paradigm have to occur in every finite verb or verb phrase?
|
# paradigm have to occur in every finite verb or verb phrase?
|
||||||
# - Is it productiv
|
# - Is it productiv
|
||||||
@ -155,339 +155,16 @@ simplification on one hand, making the verb endings a lot more regular
|
|||||||
and predictable, and complexification with the addition of new moods
|
and predictable, and complexification with the addition of new moods
|
||||||
and tenses.
|
and tenses.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Infinitive
|
|
||||||
The infinitive form of verbs in Eittlandic is generally used when the
|
|
||||||
verbal phrase it is part of is treated as the object of another
|
|
||||||
phrase, similarly to how infinitive works in other Nordic languages or
|
|
||||||
English. For instance, “he likes to eat” translates to “hann líkar
|
|
||||||
eta” ({{{phon(hanː lèkar̩ et)}}}), where “eta” is the object of the verbs
|
|
||||||
“líkar”. This form is the one given in the dictionary and undergoes no
|
|
||||||
inflexion.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Imperative
|
|
||||||
The imperative has the same form as the infinitive in Eittlandic. The
|
|
||||||
evolution of the Eittlandic language made it lose the second singular
|
|
||||||
and plural distinction, leaving the same form for both. Eittlandic
|
|
||||||
verbs also evolved in such a way most, if not all, of them have the
|
|
||||||
same form as their infinitive counterpart.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
- Et matin þín
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Eat your food!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| et | mat-inn | þín |
|
|
||||||
| eat.IMP | food-DEF.ACC | 2s.GEN |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Et matin yðr
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Eat your food!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| et | mat-inn | yðr |
|
|
||||||
| eat.IMP | food-DEF.ACC | 2p.GEN |
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Participles
|
|
||||||
Formation of participles is relatively simple in Eittlandic is pretty
|
|
||||||
simple, as it simply adds /-and/ and /-it/ to the verbal root of the verb
|
|
||||||
in order to form the present participle and the past participle
|
|
||||||
respectively.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-participle-declension
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Formation of Eittlandic Participles
|
|
||||||
| Present Participle | -and |
|
|
||||||
| Past Participle | -it |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Indicative
|
|
||||||
Indicative the only non-irrealis mood available in Eittlandic. It is
|
|
||||||
used to express events or facts that are happening or happened with
|
|
||||||
certainty from the speaker’s point of view. This mood only exists for
|
|
||||||
the present, progressive, preterit, and perfect tenses. Other tenses,
|
|
||||||
such as future, exist in other moods as explained below.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first two basic tenses are the present and past tenses. The
|
|
||||||
present tense in Eittlandic is relatively similar to the English
|
|
||||||
present tense, as it can describe what the speaker perceives as
|
|
||||||
general truths, habitual facts, events that are happening at the same
|
|
||||||
time as the time of speech, or current facts. It can also indicate
|
|
||||||
events when the English language would use the progressive mood
|
|
||||||
instead. Eittlandic does have a progressive mood of its own, though
|
|
||||||
slightly different, see [[file:./grammar.md#progressive][below]]. Lastly, it can also express near future
|
|
||||||
when other clues are available in the discourse.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
- Í Eittland, vér snakk eittlandsk.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In Eittland, we speak Eittlandic.
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here is how the typical verb is inflected in the indicative mood:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-indicative-inflexion-table
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Typical Verb Inflexion in the Indicative Mood
|
|
||||||
| <c> | | | |
|
|
||||||
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Ind. Past |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+------------+-----------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | -(V)r | -t |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | -(V)r | -t |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | -(V)r | -t |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | -um | -um |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | -ið | -uð |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | -ið | -uð |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
An important feature to note is /-(V)r/ makes the underlying final vowel
|
|
||||||
of a verb appear, while it is otherwise lost in all other contexts.
|
|
||||||
For instance, the verb /lík/ becomes /líkar/ when in singular indicative
|
|
||||||
present, but /líkt/ when in singular indicative past.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here are the indicative present declensions of the verbs /far(a)/ (/to
|
|
||||||
go/, a strong verb), and /berja/ (/to beat/, a weak verb):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-inflexion-ind-example
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Indicative present inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/
|
|
||||||
| person | | far | berja |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+-------+--------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | ferar | berjar |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | ferar | berjar |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | ferar | berjar |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | farum | berjum |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | farið | berið |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | farið | berið |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Note that the final vowel of /berja/ gets replaced with the vowel from
|
|
||||||
the inflexion, and the final /j/ also disappears when it is immediately
|
|
||||||
followed by an /i/.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Subjunctive
|
|
||||||
The subjunctive is the default irrealis mood of Eittlandic. Like the indicative mood, it has two tenses, present and past, in which verbs get inflexions. Below is the table showing how verbs typically inflect in the subjunctive mood:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-subjunctive-inflexion-table
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Typical Verb Inflexion in the Subjunctive Mood
|
|
||||||
| <c> | | | |
|
|
||||||
| person | | Subj. Pres. | Subj. Past |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+-------------+------------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | -ir | -t |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | -ir | -t |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | -ir | -t |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | -im | -um |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | -ið | -uð |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | -ið | -uð |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As you can see, the subjunctive past form of verbs is identical to
|
|
||||||
their indicative past form, as shown below.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-inflexion-past-example
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Indicative and Subjunctive Past Inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/
|
|
||||||
| person | | far | berja |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+-------+--------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | fert | berjat |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | fert | berjat |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | fert | berjat |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | farum | berjum |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | faruð | berjuð |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | faruð | berjuð |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Perfect
|
|
||||||
The perfect aspect in Eittlandic is relatively similar to the modern
|
|
||||||
past form of the language. It also uses the verbs /ver/ and /hav/ before
|
|
||||||
the verb, which both agree in number, tense, and mood instead of the
|
|
||||||
main verb which appears in its participle form. The present participle
|
|
||||||
is used when the event relates to the present or the future, while the
|
|
||||||
past participle is used when the event relates to a time in the past.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It also uses the verbs /ver/ and /hav/ before
|
|
||||||
the verb, which both agree in number, tense, and mood instead of the
|
|
||||||
main verb. The latter, on the other hand, appears in its participle
|
|
||||||
form, present or past depending on whether the action is happening or
|
|
||||||
will happen, or if it happened in the past.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
- Hann haft sovin, þá kunn hann kom
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He had slept, thus he could come
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| han-n | haft | sov-in | þá | kunn | han-n | kom |
|
|
||||||
| 3sm.NOM | have.3s.PST.IND | sleep-PST.PART | thus | can.3s.PST.IND | 3sm.NOM | come |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Ér havum lesit bókan í dag
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We have read the book today
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| ér | hav-um | les-and | bók-an | í dag |
|
|
||||||
| 1p.NOM | have-1p.PRES.IND | read-PRES.PART | book-DEF.ART | today |
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Future :noexport:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Passive
|
|
||||||
The passive voice, inherited from the /-sk/ form in Old Norse, has some
|
|
||||||
more regular declension than the other moods. However, this is the
|
|
||||||
last declension where we can still see the remains of the distinction
|
|
||||||
between strong and weak verbs inherited from Old Norse.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: passive-declension-table
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Strong and Weak Verb Inflexion for the Indicative Present and Past in Passive Voice
|
|
||||||
| <c> | | | |
|
|
||||||
| person | | Strong | Weak |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+----------+-------------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | -umk | -umk |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | -(a/i)sk | -(ð/d/t)isk |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | -(a/i)sk | -(ð/d/t)isk |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | -umk | -umk |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | -(a/i)sk | -(ð/d/t)isk |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | -(a/i)sk | -(ð/d/t)isk |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: passive-example-table
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Example of passive with /far/ and /berja/
|
|
||||||
| person | | far | berja |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+--------+-----------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | ferumk | berjumk |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | ferisk | berjaðisk |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | ferisk | berjaðisk |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | farumk | berjumk |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | farask | berjaðisk |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | farask | berjaðisk |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Due to this uniformization of the passive voice in Eittlandic,
|
|
||||||
Eittlanders began using the verbs /ver(a)/ and /hav(a)/ (respectively /to
|
|
||||||
be/ and /to have/) as auxiliaries preceding the verb in order to convey
|
|
||||||
the subject, tense, and mood agreement. The verb /ver(a)/ is most often
|
|
||||||
used in active verbs, while the verb /hav(a)/ is generally used with
|
|
||||||
stative verbs. While all verbs have a default auxiliary, such as
|
|
||||||
/ver(a)/ for a verb like /et(a)/ (/to eat/), the speaker may choose to use
|
|
||||||
the other auxiliary in order to increase or decrease the agency of the
|
|
||||||
semantic agent (not the syntactic agent), even if it is not present in
|
|
||||||
the sentence.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
- Ek var brennumk mik
|
|
||||||
| ek | var | brenn-umk | mik |
|
|
||||||
| 1s.NOM | be.1s.IND.PST | burn-1s.PAS | 1s.ACC |
|
|
||||||
/I burnt myself/
|
|
||||||
- Ek hav brennumk mik
|
|
||||||
| ek | hav | brenn-umk | mik |
|
|
||||||
| 1s.NOM | have.1s.IND.PST | burn-1s.PAS | 1s.ACC |
|
|
||||||
/I got burnt/
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Progressive
|
|
||||||
The progressive mood is generally used to express an ongoing action at
|
|
||||||
the time of speech. Note that its usage is a bit different from
|
|
||||||
English, as Eittlandic progressive is rarer in spoken Eittlandic and
|
|
||||||
even rarer in written Eittlandic. It is generally used to disambiguate
|
|
||||||
a sentence that could be either indicative or progressive, but is
|
|
||||||
usually omitted when the speaker feels like the progressive mood
|
|
||||||
should be obvious enough.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To mark the progressive, the word /ná/ is placed just after the verb,
|
|
||||||
without any other word between them.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
- Ér kannum hléð vit? Nei, ek etar.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Can we talk? Nah, I’m eating
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| ér | kann-um | hléð | vit |
|
|
||||||
| 1P.NOM | can-1P.PRES.IND | talk | Q |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| nei | ek | et-ar |
|
|
||||||
| no | 1S.NOM | eat-1S.PRES.IND |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Hvat gerar þú í Sunsdag? Ek les bøk, nem hlustar ná ek tonlist.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What do you do on Sundays? I read books, but (right now) I’m
|
|
||||||
listening to music
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| hvat | ger-ar | þú | í | Sunsdag |
|
|
||||||
| what.NOM | do-2s.PRES.IND | 2s.NOM | on | Sunday.PL.DAT |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| ek | les | bøk |
|
|
||||||
| 1s.NOM | read.1s.PRES.IND | book.PL.ACC |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| nem | hlust-ar | ná | ek | tonlist |
|
|
||||||
| but | listen-1s.PRES.IND | PROG | 1s.NOM | music.ACC |
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Conditional
|
|
||||||
The conditional mood allows speakers of Eittlandic to speak about
|
|
||||||
conditional events while marking them as such. This translates into
|
|
||||||
several strategies.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first strategy adds /-(u)sk(a)-/ between the verb root and its
|
|
||||||
indicative declension. It marks conditionals the speakers estimates to
|
|
||||||
be unlikely.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
Ef þú gefuskar mér ein fisk, ér ét þat
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If you somehow give me a fish, we’ll eat it
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Causative :noexport:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Jussive
|
|
||||||
The jussive is percieved as a more subtle, more formal form of the
|
|
||||||
[[file:./grammar.md#imperative][imperative]]. It is formed by adding /-(i)l/ at the end of the verbal
|
|
||||||
root.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
Etal matin þín
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Please eat your food.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| eta-l | mat-inn | þín |
|
|
||||||
| eat-JUS | food-DEF.ACC | 2s.GEN |
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Optative :noexport:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Dubitative
|
|
||||||
The dubitative mood in Eittlandic is a mood used by the speaker to
|
|
||||||
express doubt or uncertainty. It is formed by inserting /-(a)kki/
|
|
||||||
between the verbal root and the indicative declension. It translates
|
|
||||||
to this declension table:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-dubitative-inflexion-table
|
|
||||||
#+caption: Typical Verb Inflexion
|
|
||||||
| <c> | | | |
|
|
||||||
| person | | Ind. Pres. | Ind. Past |
|
|
||||||
|--------+---+------------+-----------|
|
|
||||||
| 1s | | -(a)kkir | -(a)kkit |
|
|
||||||
| 2s | | -(a)kkir | -(a)kkit |
|
|
||||||
| 3s | | -(a)kkir | -(a)kkit |
|
|
||||||
| 1p | | -(a)kkim | -(a)kkum |
|
|
||||||
| 2p | | -(a)kkið | -(a)kkuð |
|
|
||||||
| 3p | | -(a)kkið | -(a)kkuð |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: ::: tip Example
|
|
||||||
Hann kømakkir í dag
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
He might not come today
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| Hann | køm-akkir | í dag |
|
|
||||||
| 3sm.NOM | come-3s.DUB.PRES | today |
|
|
||||||
#+html: :::
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*** Verbs :noexport:
|
|
||||||
Eittlandic, as most if not all North Germanic language, is a V2
|
|
||||||
language. This implies that in most cases, the verb in sentences will
|
|
||||||
come at the second position, possibly moving its subject right between
|
|
||||||
the verb itself and the rest of the verb phrase. The only exception to
|
|
||||||
this are questions and the use of imperative. More on that later.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Since Early Old Norse, Eittlandic evolved its verb both towards
|
|
||||||
simplification on one hand, making the verb endings a lot more regular
|
|
||||||
and predictable, and complexification with the addition of new moods
|
|
||||||
and tenses.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Verbal Structure :noexport:
|
**** Verbal Structure :noexport:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Verbal Derivations :noexport:
|
**** Verbal Derivations :noexport:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**** Verbal Inflexions
|
**** Verbal Inflexions
|
||||||
Verbs in Eittlandic agree with their subject in person and number,
|
Verbs in Eittlandic agree with their subject in person and number,
|
||||||
though it lost a lot of its diversity Old Norse had. It also varies
|
though it lost a lot of its diversity Old Norse had. It also varies
|
||||||
depending on the tense, mood, and aspect of the verbal sentence. The
|
depending on the tense, mood, and aspect of the verbal sentence. The
|
||||||
examples are given using the verbs /far(a)/ (/to go/, a strong verb), and
|
examples are given using the verbs /far(a)/ (/to go/, a former strong
|
||||||
/berja/ (/to beat/, a weak verb).
|
verb), and /berja/ (/to beat/, a former weak verb).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+name: verb-inflexion-table
|
#+name: verb-inflexion-table
|
||||||
#+caption: Typical Verb Inflexion
|
#+caption: Typical Verb Inflexion
|
||||||
@ -588,7 +265,7 @@ Imperative, on the other hand, only works with the second person in
|
|||||||
the present tense by appending an /-sk/ at the end of the infinitive of
|
the present tense by appending an /-sk/ at the end of the infinitive of
|
||||||
the verb.
|
the verb.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Due to this uniformization of the passive voice in Eittlandic,
|
Due to this uniformisation of the passive voice in Eittlandic,
|
||||||
Eittlanders began using the verbs /ver(a)/ and /hav(a)/ (respectively /to
|
Eittlanders began using the verbs /ver(a)/ and /hav(a)/ (respectively /to
|
||||||
be/ and /to have/) as auxiliaries preceding the verb in order to convey
|
be/ and /to have/) as auxiliaries preceding the verb in order to convey
|
||||||
the subject, tense, and mood agreement. The verb /ver(a)/ is most often
|
the subject, tense, and mood agreement. The verb /ver(a)/ is most often
|
||||||
@ -886,7 +563,7 @@ words in English.
|
|||||||
# - If so, what are the cases? (The functions of the cases will be
|
# - If so, what are the cases? (The functions of the cases will be
|
||||||
# elaborated in lat
|
# elaborated in lat
|
||||||
**** Cases in Modern Eittlandic
|
**** Cases in Modern Eittlandic
|
||||||
Although seldom visible, as described in [[file:grammar.md#case-marking][Case Marking]], cases still
|
Although seldom visible, as described in [[file:./syntax.md#case-marking][Case Marking]], cases still
|
||||||
remain part of the Eittlandic grammar, expressed through its syntax
|
remain part of the Eittlandic grammar, expressed through its syntax
|
||||||
rather than explicit marking on its nouns and adjectives. Four
|
rather than explicit marking on its nouns and adjectives. Four
|
||||||
different grammatical cases exist in this language: the *nominative*,
|
different grammatical cases exist in this language: the *nominative*,
|
||||||
@ -1053,7 +730,7 @@ an article must accompany it, except for indefinite plural nouns.
|
|||||||
The indefinite article is /einn/, the same term as /one/ in Eittlandic. It
|
The indefinite article is /einn/, the same term as /one/ in Eittlandic. It
|
||||||
agrees in declension with its noun, though it is to be noted its
|
agrees in declension with its noun, though it is to be noted its
|
||||||
declension is irregular, as seen in table below. Similarly, other
|
declension is irregular, as seen in table below. Similarly, other
|
||||||
numerals have declensions as discussed in [[file:grammar.md#numerals][Word Classes: Numerals]].
|
numerals have declensions as discussed in [[file:word-structure-and-classes.md#numerals][Word Classes: Numerals]].
|
||||||
#+name: tbl:declension-einn
|
#+name: tbl:declension-einn
|
||||||
| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|
| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|
||||||
|------+-----------+----------+--------|
|
|------+-----------+----------+--------|
|
||||||
@ -1092,13 +769,13 @@ with strong masculine or feminine words (or as established before,
|
|||||||
strong common) or with strong neuter and weak nouns.
|
strong common) or with strong neuter and weak nouns.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The use of definite articles with nouns is further discussed in
|
The use of definite articles with nouns is further discussed in
|
||||||
[[file:grammar.md#definiteness][Definiteness]].
|
[[file:./syntax.md#definiteness][Definiteness]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*** Definiteness
|
*** Definiteness
|
||||||
Definiteness in Eittlandic serves multiple purposes. Its most obvious
|
Definiteness in Eittlandic serves multiple purposes. Its most obvious
|
||||||
one is to distinguish between an indefinite and a definite entity, as
|
one is to distinguish between an indefinite and a definite entity, as
|
||||||
in English /a dog/ or /the dog/, respectively /einn hundr/ and /hundinn/, as
|
in English /a dog/ or /the dog/, respectively /einn hundr/ and /hundinn/, as
|
||||||
discussed in [[file:grammar.md#articles-and-demonstratives][Articles and Demonstratives]].
|
discussed in [[file:./syntax.md#articles-and-demonstratives][Articles and Demonstratives]].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
However, definiteness is also necessary with suffixed possessives and
|
However, definiteness is also necessary with suffixed possessives and
|
||||||
demonstrative.
|
demonstrative.
|
||||||
@ -1125,7 +802,7 @@ Eittlandic inherited from Old Norse a gender system divided into three
|
|||||||
genders: male, female, and neuter. Although the number of elements
|
genders: male, female, and neuter. Although the number of elements
|
||||||
marking it declined during its evolution, Eittlandic still marks
|
marking it declined during its evolution, Eittlandic still marks
|
||||||
gender in its strong nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and to a certain
|
gender in its strong nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and to a certain
|
||||||
degree in its articles. However, as mentioned in [[file:grammar.md#case-marking][Case Marking]], case
|
degree in its articles. However, as mentioned in [[file:./syntax.md#case-marking][Case Marking]], case
|
||||||
marking and by extensions gender marking is slowly disappearing in
|
marking and by extensions gender marking is slowly disappearing in
|
||||||
Modern Eittlandic nouns and adjectives.
|
Modern Eittlandic nouns and adjectives.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -2,18 +2,17 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
* Eittland
|
* Eittland
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Eittland (Eittlandic: /Eittland/, {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑ̃d)}}}) is a fictional Nordic
|
Eittland (Eittlandic: /Eittland/, {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑ̃d)}}}) is part of the family of
|
||||||
country, made from the question /what if there was another island like
|
Nordic countries and a member state of the Nordic Council, with a
|
||||||
Iceland that never got christianised?/. Eittland is both a
|
population of 31.5 millions as per the 2019 national census. It has a
|
||||||
worldbuilding and a conlanging project. Its language is derived from
|
superficy of 121 km^{2}, making it the second largest island in Europe
|
||||||
Old Norse.
|
after Great Britain. Its capital Đeberget is the largest eittlandic
|
||||||
|
city with a population of 1.641.600 in 2019. The island is naturally
|
||||||
Find more about the country itself on [[https://wiki.phundrak.com/s/eittland][its dedicated wiki]], and find
|
separated in two, its western and eastern sides, by a chain of
|
||||||
more about the language in the following pages:
|
volcanoes spawning on the separation of the North American and the
|
||||||
- [[file:typology.org][Typological Outline of the Eittlandic Language]]
|
Eurasian plates, much like its northern sister Iceland. Thus, its
|
||||||
- [[file:phonology.org][Phonetic Inventory and Translitteration]]
|
Eastern side covers 49km^{2} of the island and hosts 11.3 million
|
||||||
- [[file:grammar.org][Grammar]]
|
inhabitants while the western side covers 72km^{2} with a population of
|
||||||
- [[file:names-and-places.org][Names and Places]]
|
20.1 millions.
|
||||||
- [[file:dictionary.org][Dictionary]]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/flag.png">Flag of Eittland</ImgFigure>
|
#+html: <ImgFigure src="/img/eittlandic/flag.png">Flag of Eittland</ImgFigure>
|
||||||
|
@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil
|
(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil
|
||||||
org-html-validation-link nil
|
org-html-validation-link nil
|
||||||
org-html-table-default-attributes '(:border "2" :cellspacing "0" :cellpadding "6" :rules "groups" :frame "void")
|
|
||||||
make-backup-files nil)
|
make-backup-files nil)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defvar project-root
|
(defvar project-root
|
||||||
|
3629
package-lock.json
generated
3629
package-lock.json
generated
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
32
package.json
32
package.json
@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
|
|||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
"name": "conlang.phundrak.com",
|
"name": "conlang.phundrak.com",
|
||||||
"version": "1.0.0",
|
"version": "1.0.0",
|
||||||
"description": "P'hundrak's conlanging website",
|
"description": "",
|
||||||
"main": "index.js",
|
"main": "index.js",
|
||||||
"repository": "https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/conlang.phundrak.com",
|
|
||||||
"author": "Lucien Cartier-Tilet <lucien@phundrak.com>",
|
|
||||||
"license": "AGPL-3.0",
|
|
||||||
"private": true,
|
|
||||||
"devDependencies": {
|
|
||||||
"@vuepress/bundler-vite": "2.0.0-rc.13",
|
|
||||||
"@vuepress/plugin-umami-analytics": "^2.0.0-rc.36",
|
|
||||||
"@vuepress/theme-default": "^2.0.0-rc.36",
|
|
||||||
"vuepress": "2.0.0-rc.13",
|
|
||||||
"vuepress-plugin-search-pro": "^2.0.0-rc.43"
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
"dependencies": {
|
|
||||||
"less": "^4.2.0",
|
|
||||||
"nord": "^0.2.1"
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
"scripts": {
|
"scripts": {
|
||||||
"dev": "vuepress dev docs",
|
"dev": "vuepress dev docs",
|
||||||
"build": "vuepress build docs"
|
"build": "vuepress build docs"
|
||||||
}
|
},
|
||||||
|
"repository": {
|
||||||
|
"type": "git",
|
||||||
|
"url": "https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/conlang.phundrak.com"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"author": "Lucien Cartier-Tilet <lucien@phundrak.com>",
|
||||||
|
"license": "AGPL-3.0",
|
||||||
|
"devDependencies": {
|
||||||
|
"@vuepress/bundler-vite": "^2.0.0-rc.2",
|
||||||
|
"@vuepress/theme-default": "2.0.0-rc.2",
|
||||||
|
"vuepress": "2.0.0-rc.2",
|
||||||
|
"vuepress-plugin-search-pro": "^2.0.0-rc.15"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"packageManager": "yarn@4.0.2"
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
|
|
||||||
pkgs.mkShell {
|
|
||||||
nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
|
|
||||||
nodejs_22
|
|
||||||
];
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user