diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/config.ts b/docs/.vuepress/config.ts index 4f5a750..2ad7f3c 100644 --- a/docs/.vuepress/config.ts +++ b/docs/.vuepress/config.ts @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export default defineUserConfig({ }, ], }, - '/zikãti/', + '/zikãti', ], }), }); diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/public/img/zikati/vowel-feature-tree.png b/docs/.vuepress/public/img/zikati/vowel-feature-tree.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..977efe5 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/.vuepress/public/img/zikati/vowel-feature-tree.png differ diff --git a/docs/.vuepress/themeLocales.ts b/docs/.vuepress/themeLocales.ts deleted file mode 100644 index 9ea8066..0000000 --- a/docs/.vuepress/themeLocales.ts +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -const themeLocales = { - "/": { - sidebar: ["/index.md", "/eittlandic/index.md"], - }, -}; diff --git a/docs/img b/docs/img new file mode 120000 index 0000000..47d912a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/img @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +.vuepress/public/img \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zikãti.org b/docs/zikãti.org new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4967f91 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zikãti.org @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ +#+title: Zikãti +#+setupfile: headers + +* Zikãti +Zikãti ({{{phon(d̻͡zikãti)}}}) is an agglutinative language I am currently +working on as an experiment. It doesn’t have any worldbuilding around +it yet and may never have. I’m mostly experimenting with vocabulary +generation with a language relying heavily on affixes modifying the +meaning of a root word. + +** Phonology +*** Consonants +Zikãti has a moderately small consonant inventory with seventeen +phonemes. Three of these phonemes are prenasalized plosives, and its +alveolar consonants are laminal. +- b :: {{{phon(b)}}} +- d :: {{{phon(d̻)}}} +- g :: {{{phon(ŋ)}}} +- h :: {{{phon(h)}}} +- k :: {{{phon(k)}}} +- l :: {{{phon(ʟ)}}} +- m :: {{{phon(m)}}} +- mb :: {{{phon(ᵐb)}}} +- n :: {{{phon(n̻)}}} +- nd :: {{{phon(ⁿd̻)}}} +- nz :: {{{phon(ⁿd̻͡z)}}} +- p :: {{{phon(p)}}} +- q :: {{{phon(kʷ)}}} +- r :: {{{phon(r̻)}}} +- s :: {{{phon(s̻)}}} +- t :: {{{phon(t̻)}}} +- z :: {{{phon(d̻͡z)}}} + +| | bilabial | lamino-alveolar | velar | labial-velar | glottal | +|------------------------------+----------+-----------------+-------+--------------+---------| +| nasal | m | n | g | | | +| nasalized plosive | mb | nd | | | | +| nasalized sibilant affricate | | nz | | | | +| plosive | p b | t d | k | q | | +| affricate | | z | | | | +| fricative | | s | | | h | +| trill | | r | | | | +| lateral approximant | | | l | | | + +*** Vowels +Zikãti has a total of six vowels, which makes it relatively average in +terms of size. Three of these vowels are nazalised: +- a :: {{{phon(a)}}} +- ã :: {{{phon(ã)}}} +- ẽ :: {{{phon(ɛ̃)}}} +- i :: {{{phon(i)}}} +- õ :: {{{phon(ɔ̃)}}} +- u :: {{{phon(u)}}} + +#+name: vow-dot-gen +#+header: :var vowels=vowels-featural-list +#+begin_src emacs-lisp :wrap "src dot :file ./zikati/vowel-feature-tree.png :eval no-export :mkdirp t :results none" +(conlanging-graphviz-feature-tree vowels :label "vowels") +#+end_src + +#+RESULTS[186d29b605ead5cf2fc03c537509869aa1e7cfd3]: vow-dot-gen +#+begin_src dot :file ./zikati/vowel-feature-tree.png :eval no-export :mkdirp t :results none +graph{graph[dpi=300,bgcolor="transparent"];node[shape=plaintext];"vowels-0ju8102v5o9f"[label="vowels"];"+round-0ju8102v5o9y"[label="+round"];"vowels-0ju8102v5o9f"--"+round-0ju8102v5o9y";"+nasal-0ju8102v5ob0"[label="+nasal"];"+round-0ju8102v5o9y"--"+nasal-0ju8102v5ob0";"/ɔ̃/-0ju8102v5obs"[label="/ɔ̃/"];"+nasal-0ju8102v5ob0"--"/ɔ̃/-0ju8102v5obs";"-nasal-0ju8102v5oba"[label="-nasal"];"+round-0ju8102v5o9y"--"-nasal-0ju8102v5oba";"/u/-0ju8102v5ocj"[label="/u/"];"-nasal-0ju8102v5oba"--"/u/-0ju8102v5ocj";"-round-0ju8102v5oa7"[label="-round"];"vowels-0ju8102v5o9f"--"-round-0ju8102v5oa7";"+low-0ju8102v5odd"[label="+low"];"-round-0ju8102v5oa7"--"+low-0ju8102v5odd";"+nasal-0ju8102v5oe3"[label="+nasal"];"+low-0ju8102v5odd"--"+nasal-0ju8102v5oe3";"/ã/-0ju8102v5oet"[label="/ã/"];"+nasal-0ju8102v5oe3"--"/ã/-0ju8102v5oet";"-nasal-0ju8102v5oec"[label="-nasal"];"+low-0ju8102v5odd"--"-nasal-0ju8102v5oec";"/a/-0ju8102v5ofj"[label="/a/"];"-nasal-0ju8102v5oec"--"/a/-0ju8102v5ofj";"-low-0ju8102v5odm"[label="-low"];"-round-0ju8102v5oa7"--"-low-0ju8102v5odm";"+nasal-0ju8102v5oga"[label="+nasal"];"-low-0ju8102v5odm"--"+nasal-0ju8102v5oga";"/ɛ̃/-0ju8102v5ogz"[label="/ɛ̃/"];"+nasal-0ju8102v5oga"--"/ɛ̃/-0ju8102v5ogz";"-nasal-0ju8102v5ogi"[label="-nasal"];"-low-0ju8102v5odm"--"-nasal-0ju8102v5ogi";"/i/-0ju8102v5oho"[label="/i/"];"-nasal-0ju8102v5ogi"--"/i/-0ju8102v5oho";} +#+end_src + +#+html: Zikãti Vowels Featural Tree + +**** Private Data :noexport: +#+name: vowels-featural-list +#+begin_src emacs-lisp +'("round" + ("nasal" "/ɔ̃/" "/u/") + ("low" + ("nasal" "/ã/" "/a/") + ("nasal" "/ɛ̃/" "/i/"))) +#+end_src + +*** Syllable and word structure +| Group | Consonants | +|-----------+--------------------------------------| +| C | m n g mb nd nz p b t d z k q s h r l | +| C_{2} | g p b t d z k q r h | +| V | i u ẽ õ a ã | +| V[-nasal] | i u a | +| V[+nasal] | ã ẽ õ | + +Prefixes follow the (C_{2})V[-nasal] phonetic structure, with C_{2} being +optional. Suffixes follow the CV[+nasal](C_{2}) structure with C_{2} being +optional. + +Roots are a bit more complex, with a C(V[+nasal](C_{2})C)V[-nasal](C_{2}) +structure. + +The only consonants that can follow the vowels /õ/ and /ẽ/ are non-nasal +plosive consonants. These two vowels cannot follow the consonants /m/, +/n/, or /g/. If such an occurence is created be it while constructing a +word or when they co-occur between words, a dummy {{{phon(u)}}} is added. + +A word may contain one or more core roots which affixes cannot +separate but which can aggregate around this word core. A word can +consist of its bare core only, or the core surrounded by affixes. The +amount of prefixes and suffixes is independent from each other. + +** Grammar +*** Word structure +**** Affixes +Most words in Zikãti is an agglutination of affixes around one or more +roots or words. Roots are relatively rare to find by themselves since +most of them are bound morphenes and not words by themselves, such as +/kãti/ which expresses the idea of a mountain but doesn’t really mean +anything on its own, speakers of Zikãti cannot use it by itself. + +For the meaning of some abbreviations in the list of prefixes and +suffixes, see [[file:zikãti.md#Abbreviations][Abbreviations]]. + +***** Prefixes +- hi- :: INSTV +- hu- :: TOOL +- i- :: COL +- ka- :: POSSIB +- pi- :: DIM +- qa- :: AUG +- qi- :: ADJ +- qu- :: PROG +- ra- :: LOC +- ru- :: NEG +- ti- :: CAUS +- zi- :: PERS + +***** Suffixes +- -dãt :: PART +- -gãs :: AGAT +- -hãr :: NECESS +- -hẽ :: INTR +- -kõt :: PARTN +- -nzẽz :: AVER +- -rã :: TR +- -sõr :: NOMIN +- -zãr :: PASS + +*** Word order +Zikãti is a postpositional language following the SOV word order in +main clauses, meaning the verb comes last whereas the subject comes +first and the object slots itself between the subject and the verb. +However, due to the language’s agglutinative nature, the speaker can +omit them in the sentence if the verb’s agreement is enough in context +to determine what is being talked about. + +#+html: ::: tip Example +sahhẽqulur +- sah-hẽ-qu-lur +- spirit.mind-INTR-PROG-2sg.NOM.PST +You were thinking +#+html: ::: + +#+html: ::: tip Example +zimbi mbisõr mbirãilih +- zi-mbi mbi-sõr mbi-rã-i-lih +- PERS-meat.food meat.food-NOMIN meat.food-TR-3s.NOM.NPST-3s.ACC.NPST +The cook prepares a meal +#+html: ::: + +Other elements that are not the subject or the object, such as a +dative or an oblique element, get slotted between the subject and the +object. + +#+html: ::: tip Example +zimbi pimbi ziirailik timbirãhilih +- zi-mbi pi-mbi zi-i-ra-i-lik ti-mbi-rã-hi-lih +- PERS-meat.food DIM-COL-LOC-COL-person.human + CAUS-meat.food-TR-3s.NOM.PST-3s.ACC.PST +A cook fed a villager a snack +#+html: ::: + +**** Noun phrase order +In noun phrases, adjectives, relatives clauses, numerals, possessives, +and genitives preceed the noun while determiners follow it. By order +of element closest to the noun, they rank as follows: +- determiner +- possessive +- adjective +- numeral +- genitive +- relative + +*** Verbs +Verbs in Zikãti agree with their subject and object in person and +number, with anaphoric clitics, but these clitics also indicate the +tense of the verb. Zikãti has two tenses: past and non-past which +expresses present and future as well as near-past when its events +still carry over to the present. + +Anaphoric clitics are suffixed to the verb with the subject first +followed by the object’s clitic. + +| | non-past subject | non-past object | past subject | past object | +|-----+------------------+-----------------+--------------+-------------| +| 1s | qa | tut | raq | qut | +| 2s | lu | pia | lur | a | +| 3s | i | lih | hi | lih | +| 4s | bu | qur | bu | qur | +| 1px | gai | ar | gai | tar | +| 1pi | zu | iq | qir | zur | +| 2p | lai | iaz | uit | iaz | +| 3p | pi | up | au | up | + +#+html: ::: tip Example +- kãtikõthẽqa :: I hike +- kãtikõthẽbu :: it hikes +- kãtikõthẽgai :: we (but not the interlocutor) hike +#+html: ::: + +** Abbreviations +- ACC :: accusative +- ADJ :: adjective +- adj. :: adjective +- adv. :: adverb +- AGAT :: agative (prone to smth, liking) +- AUG :: augmentative +- AVER :: avertive, badness +- CAUS :: causative +- COL :: collective, collection +- con. :: concept +- DIM :: diminutive +- INSTV :: instantiative +- INTR :: intransitive verb +- LOC :: locative +- n. :: noun +- NECESS :: necessitive +- NEG :: negative +- NOM :: nominative +- NOMIN :: nominalisation, nominalizer +- NPST :: non-past +- PART :: participle +- PARTN :: partisan +- PASS :: passive verb +- PERS :: person +- POSSIB :: possibility, capacity, ability +- PROG :: progressive, process +- PST :: past +- TOOL :: thing, tool +- TR :: transitive verb +- vi. :: intransitive verb +- vt. :: transitive verb + +** Vocabulary +*** mbi - meat, food +- mbi (n.) :: meat, food +- mbisõr (n.) :: a meal +- mbihẽ (vi.) :: to cook, to prepare food + #+html: ::: tip Example + qumbihẽqa + - qu-mbi-hẽ-qa + - PROG-meat.food-INTR-1s + I’m preparing food / I’m cooking + #+html: ::: +- mbirã (vt.) :: to cook (something) + #+html: ::: tip Example + zimbi mbisõr qumbirãiqur + - zi-mbi mbi-sõr qu-mbi-rã-i-qur + - PERS-meat.food meat.food-NOMIN PROG-meat.food-TR-3s.NOM-4s.ACC + The cook is cooking the meal + #+html: ::: +- mbirãzãr (vt.) :: to be cooked by + #+html: ::: tip Example + mbisõr zimbi qumbirãzãrbulih + - mbi-sõr zi-mbi qu-mbi-rã-zãr-bu-lih + - meat.food-NOMIN PERS-meat.food PROG-meat.food-TR-PASS-4s.NOM-3s.ACC + The meal is being cooked by the cook + #+html: ::: +- qimbi (adj.) :: edible +- mbidãt (adj.) :: cooked +- zimbi (n.) :: a cook, chef +- rambi (n.) :: a kitchen +- zirambi (n.) :: a chef +- humbi (n.) :: a knife +- humbihẽ (vi.) :: to stick a knife in something +- humbirã (vt.) :: to cut +- zihumbirã (n.) :: a butcher +- humbirãsõr (n.) :: a cut +- timbirã (vt.) :: to feed someone +- timbihẽ (vi.) :: to feed oneself +- qambi (n.) :: a meal, feast +- pimbi (n.) :: a snack +*** keti - mountain +- kãti (n., concept) :: mountain +- kãtisõr :: a mountain +- pikãti (n.) :: a hill +- qakãti (n.) :: summit diff --git a/docs/zikãti/index.org b/docs/zikãti/index.org deleted file mode 100644 index d0ed346..0000000 --- a/docs/zikãti/index.org +++ /dev/null @@ -1,133 +0,0 @@ -#+title: Zikãti -#+setupfile: ../headers - -* Zikãti -Zikãti ({{{phon(d̻͡zikãti)}}}) is an agglutinative language I am currently -working on as an experiment. It doesn’t have any worldbuilding around -it yet and may never have. I’m mostly experimenting with vocabulary -generation with a language relying heavily on affixes modifying the -meaning of a root word. - -** Phonology -*** Consonants -- b :: {{{phon(b)}}} -- d :: {{{phon(d̻)}}} -- g :: {{{phon(ŋ)}}} -- h :: {{{phon(h)}}} -- k :: {{{phon(k)}}} -- l :: {{{phon(ʟ)}}} -- m :: {{{phon(m)}}} -- mb :: {{{phon(ᵐb)}}} -- n :: {{{phon(n̻)}}} -- nd :: {{{phon(ⁿd̻)}}} -- nz :: {{{phon(ⁿd̻͡z)}}} -- p :: {{{phon(p)}}} -- q :: {{{phon(kʷ)}}} -- r :: {{{phon(r̻)}}} -- s :: {{{phon(s̻)}}} -- t :: {{{phon(t̻)}}} -- z :: {{{phon(d̻͡z)}}} - -| | bilabial | lamino-alveolar | velar | labial-velar | glottal | -|------------------------------+----------+-----------------+-------+--------------+---------| -| nasal | m | n | g | | | -| nasalized plosive | mb | nd | | | | -| nasalized sibilant affricate | | nz | | | | -| plosive | p b | t d | k | q | | -| affricate | | z | | | | -| fricative | | s | | | h | -| trill | | r | | | | -| lateral approximant | | | l | | | - -*** Vowels -- a :: {{{phon(a)}}} -- ã :: {{{phon(ã)}}} -- i :: {{{phon(i)}}} -- u :: {{{phon(u)}}} -- ŋ :: {{{phon(ŋ)}}} -- ɲ :: {{{phon(ɲ)}}} - -*** Syllable and word structure -| Group | Consonants | -|-------+--------------------------------------| -| C_{1} | m n g mb nd nz p b t d z k q s h r l | -| C_{2} | p b t d z k q r h | -| V_{1} | i u ɲ ŋ a ã | -| V_{2} | i u a | -| V_{3} | ɲ ŋ ã | - -Prefixes follow the [C_{2}]V_{2} phonetic structure, with C_{2} being optional. -Suffixes follow the C_{1}V_{3}[C_{2}] structure with C_{2} being optional. - -Roots are a bit more complex, with a C_{1}[V_{3}[C_{2}]C_{1}]V_{2}[C_{2}] structure. - -The only consonants that can follow the vowels /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are non-nasal -plosive consonants. These two vowels cannot follow the consonants /m/, -/n/, or /g/. If such an occurence is created be it while constructing a -word or when they co-occur between words, a dummy {{{phon(u)}}} is added. - -A word may contain one or more core roots which affixes cannot -separate but which can aggregate around this word core. A word can -consist of its bare core only, or the core surrounded by affixes. The -amount of prefixes and suffixes is independent from each other. - -** Grammar -Zikãti is a nominative and an SOV language, and its verbs are marked -with a marker dedicated to tense and a marked dedicated to aspect and -mood. The verb does not agree with the subject or the object. - -*** Affixes -**** Prefixes -- -dãt :: participle -- -hãr :: must be done -- -hɲ :: verbalization (intransitive) -- -kŋt :: partisan -- -nzɲz :: badness -- -ŋãs :: liking, prone to -- -rã :: verbalization (transitive) -- -sŋr :: nominalisation -- -zãr :: verbalization (passive) -**** Suffixes -- a- :: locative -- hi- :: instance -- hu- :: thing, tool -- i- :: collection -- ka- :: ability -- pi- :: diminutive -- qa- :: augmentative -- qi- :: adjectivisation -- qu- :: process, study -- ra- :: place -- ru- :: negative -- ti- :: causative -- zi- :: person -** Vocabulary -*** mbi - meat, food -- mbi :: meat, food -- mbisŋr :: a meal -- mbihɲ :: to cook (vi.), to prepare food -- mbirã :: to cook (something) -- mbirãzãr :: to be cooked by (vt.) -- qimbi :: edible (adj.) -- mbidãt :: cooked (adj.) -- zimbi :: a cook, chef (n.) -- rambi :: a kitchen (n.) -- zirambi :: a chef (n.) -- humbi :: a knife (n.) -- humbirã :: to stab (vt.) -- zihumbirã :: a stabber (n.) -- humbirãsŋr :: a stab (n.) -- timbirã :: to feed (vt.) -- timbihɲ :: to feed (vi.) -- qambi :: a meal, feast (n.) -- pimbi :: a snack (n.) -*** keti - mountain -- kãti :: mountain (n.) -- pikãti :: hill (n.) -- qakãti :: summit (n.) -** Abbreviations -- adj. :: adjective -- adv. :: adverb -- n. :: noun -- vi. :: intransitive verb -- vt. :: transitive verb