From add06ef4b660b7983178d2c7490887d7f8c14991 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lucien Cartier-Tilet Date: Sat, 14 Sep 2024 15:06:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] docs(eittlandic): more vocabulary and declensions --- docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org | 1129 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 1086 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org b/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org index 84d03f6..e635acc 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org @@ -84,12 +84,18 @@ added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table. ** A - *** alf wn.m. {{{phon(ɑlf)}}} 1. power, might +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | alf | alfit | alfr | alfitr | +| Acc. | alf | alfit | alf | alfit | +| Dat. | alf | alfit | alfum | alfitum | +| Gen. | alfs | alfits | alfs | alfit | + *** Alfshringinssagat pn. {{{phon(ˈɑlfsˌr̥iŋinsˌsɑjɑt)}}} @@ -100,11 +106,29 @@ adj. {{{phon(ɑlmen)}}} 1. general, global +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+---------+---------| +| Sg.Nom. | almenn | almenar | +| Acc. | almenum | almenum | +| Dat. | almen | almen | +| Gen. | almen | almenar | +| Pl.Nom. | almens | almens | +| Acc. | almenum | almenum | +| Dat. | alment | almen | +| Gen. | alment | almenn | + *** annaman sn.n. {{{phon(ˈɑnːɑˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#annar][annar]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. someone else +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| +| Nom. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanitr | +| Acc. | annaman | annamanit | annaman | annamanit | +| Dat. | annaman | annamanit | annamanum | annamanitum | +| Gen. | annamans | annamanits | annamans | annamanit | + *** annar {{{phon(ɑnːɑr)}}} @@ -124,6 +148,13 @@ Alternative form: *ój* | Dat. | aug | augat | augum | augatum | | Gen. | augas | augats | augas | augat | +*** automobil +wn.n. {{{phon(ˈɔtoˌmobel)}}}, from Ancient Greek [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek][αὐτός]] and Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mobilis#Latin][mōbilis]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] + +1. car (motorcar, automobile), rarely used + +See [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] for declensions. + ** Á *** ábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]] @@ -152,7 +183,71 @@ borrowed early on from an Eskaleut language that may have been spoken by the island’s initial inhabitants. Compare modern-day Aleut /aang/ and Proto-Eskimoan /*aa/ or /*ii/. +*** áð +adv. {{{phon(ɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1%C3%B0r][áðr]] + +1. before, temporal precedence or higher priority + ** B +*** bil +wn.n. {{{phon(βil)}}}, shortened from of [[file:./dictionary.md#automobil][automobil]] + +1. car (motorcar, automobile) + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | bil | bilit | bill | bilitr | +| Acc. | bil | bilit | bil | bilit | +| Dat. | bil | bilit | bilum | bilitum | +| Gen. | bils | bilits | bils | bilit | + +*** bjálf(i) +wn.m. {{{phon(βjɛ̀lf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bj%C3%A1lfi][bjálfi]] + +1. skin, fur (animals) +2. skin (human’s, colloquial) + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| +| Nom. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfr | bjálfitr | +| Acc. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálf | bjálfit | +| Dat. | bjálf | bjálfit | bjálfum | bjálfitum | +| Gen. | bjálfs | bjálfits | bjálfs | bjálfit | + +*** blá +adj. {{{phon(blɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bl%C3%A1r][blár]] + +1. blue +2. cold (colour) + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | blár | blát | +| Acc. | blá | blát | +| Dat. | blámum | blámum | +| Gen. | blás | blás | +| Pl.Nom. | blárar | blá | +| Acc. | blá | blá | +| Dat. | blámum | blámum | +| Gen. | blárar | blár | + +*** bleik +adj. {{{phon(blɑɪk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bleikr][bleikr]] + +1. pinkish yellow +2. warm (colour) + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+---------+---------| +| Sg.Nom. | bleikr | bleikar | +| Acc. | bleikum | bleikum | +| Dat. | bleik | bleik | +| Gen. | bleik | bleikar | +| Pl.Nom. | bleiks | bleiks | +| Acc. | bleikum | bleikum | +| Dat. | bleikt | bleik | +| Gen. | bleikt | bleikr | + *** borð sn.n. {{{phon(borð)}}} @@ -171,11 +266,25 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(boðorð)}}} 1. a rule +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+----------+-----------+----------+------------| +| Nom. | boðorðr | boðorðinn | boðorðr | boðorðinn | +| Acc. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorð | boðorðin | +| Dat. | boðorð | boðorðin | boðorðum | boðorðinum | +| Gen. | boðorðar | boðorðins | boðorðar | boðorðin | + *** boðorðsman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈboðorðˌmɑn)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#boðorð][boðorð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]] 1. judge +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------------+---------------+--------------+----------------| +| Nom. | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | boðorðsmann | boðorðsmaninn | +| Acc. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | +| Dat. | boðorðsman | boðorðsmanin | boðorðsmanum | boðorðsmaninum | +| Gen. | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanins | boðorðsmanar | boðorðsmanin | + *** borg sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg]] @@ -188,7 +297,7 @@ sn.f {{{phon(borg)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#borg-I][borg] | Dat. | borg | borgin | borgum | borginum | | Gen. | borgar | borgins | borgar | borgin | -*** bræð +*** bráð sn.m. {{{phon(brɛð)}}} Alternative form: *bréð* @@ -198,18 +307,34 @@ See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]] *** bróð(i) sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]] -1. brother, plural /bræð/ +1. brother, plural /bráð/ Re-analysis of ON /bródir/ decomposed into /bróð/ + /-ir/ by popular -etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bræðir/ which got -re-analyzed into /bræð/ + /-ir/. +etymology. Same goes for its former plural /bráðir/ which got +re-analyzed into /bráð/ + /-ir/. | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| -| Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bræðr | bræðinn | -| Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bræð | bræðin | -| Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bræðir | bræðinum | -| Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bræðum | bræðin | +| Nom. | bróðr | bróðinn | bráðr | bráðinn | +| Acc. | bróð | bróðin | bráð | bráðin | +| Dat. | bróðir | bróðin | bráðir | bráðinum | +| Gen. | bróð | bróðins | bráðum | bráðin | + +*** brún +adj. {{{phon(bròn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%BAnn][brúnn]] + +1. brown, dark red + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | brúnn | brúnt | +| Acc. | brún | brúnt | +| Dat. | brúnum | brúnum | +| Gen. | brúns | brúns | +| Pl.Nom. | brúnar | brún | +| Acc. | brún | brún | +| Dat. | brúnum | brúnum | +| Gen. | brúnar | brúnn | *** bók(a) sn.f. {{{phon(bɔ̀k)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%B3k2][bók]] @@ -233,6 +358,13 @@ wn.m. {{{phon(bò)}}} 1. dweller, neighbour +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-----+---------+------+---------| +| Nom. | bú | búit | búr | búitr | +| Acc. | bú | búit | bú | búit | +| Dat. | bú | búit | búum | búitum | +| Gen. | bús | búits | bús | búit | + ** C ** D *** dag @@ -263,6 +395,17 @@ adj. {{{phon(ʒːòp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dj%C3%BApr Alternative form: *djóp* +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | djúpr | djúpt | +| Acc. | djúp | djúpt | +| Dat. | djúpum | djúpum | +| Gen. | djúps | djúps | +| Pl.Nom. | djúpar | djúp | +| Acc. | djúp | djúp | +| Dat. | djúpum | djúpum | +| Gen. | djúpar | djúpr | + *** djúplig adv. {{{phon(ʒːòpleɣ)}}}, from OE djúpr (see [[file:dictionary.md#djúp][djúp]]) with OE suffix /-ligr/ (see ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ligr#Old_Norse][-ligr]]) @@ -284,6 +427,18 @@ sn.f. {{{phon(dɔ̀ʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%B3t | Dat. | dótt | dóttin | dœttum | dœttinum | | Gen. | dóttir | dóttins | dœttar | dœttin | +*** dyr(r) +sn.f. {{{phon(dyr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#dyrr][dyrr]] + +1. door + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | dyrr | dyrinn | dyrr | dyrinn | +| Acc. | dyr | dyrin | dyr | dyrin | +| Dat. | dyr | dyrin | dyrum | dyrinum | +| Gen. | dyrar | dyrins | dyrar | dyrin | + *** dýn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(dø̀n)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/d.php#d%C3%BDna][dýna]] @@ -341,6 +496,40 @@ adv. {{{phon(ef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#ef-B][ef]] Always followed by a conditional verbal phrase or a noun if speakers can infer the verbal phrase from it. +*** ein(n) +{{{phon(ɑɪn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]] + +1. num. + 1. one (cardinal) +2. adj. + 1. alone + 2. single +3. pronoun. + 1. one + 2. a few, some (plural) + +#+name: ein-declensions-pronoun +#+caption: Declension of /ein/ as a pronoun +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | einn | eininn | einn | eininn | +| Acc. | ein | einin | ein | einin | +| Dat. | ein | einin | einum | eininum | +| Gen. | einar | einins | einar | einin | + +#+name: ein-declension-adj +#+caption: Declension of /ein/ as an adjective +| / | | | | +| | | Common | Neuter | +|---+---------+--------+--------| +| | Sg.Nom. | einn | eitt | +| | Acc. | ein | eitt | +| | Dat. | einum | eitum | +| | Gen. | eins | eits | +| | Pl.Nom. | einar | eit | +| | Acc. | ein | eit | +| | Dat. | einum | eitum | +| | Gen. | einar | eitr | *** Eittland sn.n. {{{phon(ɑɪʔlɑnd)}}}, from OE neutral /einn/ (/alone/, /lonely/), itself from @@ -357,11 +546,17 @@ ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#einn][einn]], and ON [[https://old-norse.n | Gen. | Eittlands | *** ell(a) -{{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]] +{{{phon(elː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ella#Old_Norse][ella]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#eð][eð]] 1. (adv.) else, or, otherwise 2. (conj.) or +*** en +conj. {{{phon(en)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#en2][en]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#nem][nem]] + +1. yet, still +2. but (general purpose, links phrases as in English) + *** epil wn.n. {{{phon(ˈepel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#epli][epli]] @@ -428,6 +623,11 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | | 3p | | etið | etið | átuð | etisk | +*** eð +conj. {{{phon(eð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/e.php#e%C3%B0r][eða]] + +Dialectal variety of [[file:./dictionary.md#ell-a][ell(a)]] + ** É ** F *** fað(i) @@ -435,7 +635,7 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(fað)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fa%C3%B0ir][f 1. father, plural /feð/ -Re-analysis of sg. /fadir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively, +Re-analysis of sg. /faðir/ and pl. /feðir/ as /fað/ and /feð/ respectively, each appended with a grammatical /-r/ or /-ir/ (which later got reduced to /-r/). @@ -478,6 +678,13 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C 1. fjord, bay +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | ferðr | ferðinn | ferðr | ferðinn | +| Acc. | ferð | ferðin | ferð | ferðin | +| Dat. | ferð | ferðin | ferðum | ferðinum | +| Gen. | ferðar | ferðins | ferðar | ferðin | + *** fé in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]] @@ -502,6 +709,18 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(fiʃk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fiskr][fiskr | Dat. | fisk | fiskin | fiskum | fiskinum | | Gen. | fiskar | fiskins | fiskar | fiskin | +*** flekk(r) +sn.m. {{{phon(flek)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flekkr][flekkr]] + +1. spot, e.g. of colour + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+---------+----------+---------+-----------| +| Nom. | flekkr | flekkinn | flekkr | flekkinn | +| Acc. | flekk | flekkin | flekk | flekkin | +| Dat. | flekk | flekkin | flekkum | flekkinum | +| Gen. | flekkar | flekkins | flekkar | flekkin | + *** Frídag sn.m. {{{phon(frèdaɣ)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#frj%C3%A1dagr][fríadagr]] @@ -523,17 +742,34 @@ Declensions: - present participle :: fylgjand - past participle :: fylgjat -| | | | | | | -| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Past | Passive | -|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------+----------| -| 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | -| 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | -| 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | -| 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | -| 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | -| 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| +| 1s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylgjumk | +| 2s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | +| 3s | | fylgjar | fylir | fylgjat | fylðisk | +| 1p | | fylgjum | fylim | fylgjum | fylgjumk | +| 2p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | +| 3p | | fylið | fylið | fylgjuð | fylðisk | ** G +*** gamal +adj. {{{phon(ˈjɑmɑl)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gamall-I][gamall]] + +1. old, ancient +2. old (age) + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+---------+---------| +| Sg.Nom. | gamall | gamalar | +| Acc. | gamalum | gamalum | +| Dat. | gamal | gamal | +| Gen. | gamal | gamalar | +| Pl.Nom. | gamals | gamals | +| Acc. | gamalum | gamalum | +| Dat. | gamalt | gamal | +| Gen. | gamalt | gamall | + *** gauð wn.f. {{{phon(jɔʊð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/) @@ -692,6 +928,81 @@ wn.n. {{{phon(ɡrað)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gradus#Lat | Dat. | grað | graðat | graðum | graðatum | | Gen. | graðs | graðats | graðs | graðat | +*** grá +adj. {{{phon(ɡrɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A1r][grár]] + +1. grey, silver (colour) + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | grár | grát | +| Acc. | grá | grát | +| Dat. | grámum | grámum | +| Gen. | grás | grás | +| Pl.Nom. | grárar | grá | +| Acc. | grá | grá | +| Dat. | grámum | grámum | +| Gen. | grárar | grár | + +*** grœn +adj. {{{phon(ɡrœn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gr%C3%A6nn][grǿnn]] + +1. green +2. fresh +3. hopeful, good, happy +4. sn.m. Greenlander (derogatory) + +#+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as an adjective +#+caption: groen-adj-declension +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | grœnn | grœnt | +| Acc. | grœn | grœnt | +| Dat. | grœnum | grœnum | +| Gen. | grœns | grœns | +| Pl.Nom. | grœnar | grœn | +| Acc. | grœn | grœn | +| Dat. | grœnum | grœnum | +| Gen. | grœnar | grœnn | + +#+name: Declensions of /grœn/ as a noun +#+caption: groen-noun-declension +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | grœnn | grœninn | grœnn | grœninn | +| Acc. | grœn | grœnin | grœn | grœnin | +| Dat. | grœn | grœnin | grœnum | grœninum | +| Gen. | grœnar | grœnins | grœnar | grœnin | + +*** gul +{{{phon(jul)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gull][gull]] + +1. sn.n. gold (uncountable, singular only) +2. sn.n. jewelry (countable) +3. adj. golden, yellow + +#+name: Declension of /gul/ as an adjective +#+caption: gul-adjective-declension +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | gull | gult | +| Acc. | gul | gult | +| Dat. | gulum | gulum | +| Gen. | guls | guls | +| Pl.Nom. | gular | gul | +| Acc. | gul | gul | +| Dat. | gulum | gulum | +| Gen. | gular | gull | + +#+name: Declensions of /gul/ as a noun +#+caption: gul-noun-declension +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | gul | gulit | gul | gulitr | +| Acc. | gul | gulit | gul | gulit | +| Dat. | gul | gulit | gulum | gulitum | +| Gen. | guls | gulits | guls | gulit | + ** H *** hav(a) iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]] @@ -723,11 +1034,34 @@ using hav(a) in the passive voice. | 2 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | | 3 | hafsk | havisk | havisk | heðisk | +*** hás(s) +adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀s)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6ss][háss]] + +1. white (hair colour) + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | háss | hást | +| Acc. | hás | hást | +| Dat. | hásum | hásum | +| Gen. | háss | háss | +| Pl.Nom. | hásar | hás | +| Acc. | hás | hás | +| Dat. | hásum | hásum | +| Gen. | hásar | háss | + *** hávn sn.f. {{{phon(hɛ̀vn̩)}}} 1. haven, port +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | hávnn | hávninn | hávnn | hávninn | +| Acc. | hávn | hávnin | hávn | hávnin | +| Dat. | hávn | hávnin | hávnum | hávninum | +| Gen. | hávnar | hávnins | hávnar | hávnin | + *** hávuð in.n. {{{phon(hɛ̀βoð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6fu%C3%B0-A][hǫfuð]] @@ -747,6 +1081,21 @@ wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávu See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions. +*** heim +{{{phon(hɑɪm)}}} + +1. sn.m. home +2. adv. (at) home + +#+name: Declension of /heim/ as a noun +#+caption: heim-noun-declension +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | heimr | heiminn | heimr | heiminn | +| Acc. | heim | heimin | heim | heimin | +| Dat. | heim | heimin | heimum | heiminum | +| Gen. | heimar | heimins | heimar | heimin | + *** heils(a) wn.f. {{{phon(hɑ:ɪls)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heilsa#Old_Norse][heilsa]] @@ -775,7 +1124,7 @@ wn.m. {{{phon(her)}}}, from Danish /herr/. *** historja wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historia#Latin][historia]] -1. history +1. history (school subject) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| @@ -784,6 +1133,24 @@ wn.f. {{{phon(heʃtˈorjə)}}}, from Latin [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hist | Dat. | historja | historjat | historjum | historjatum | | Gen. | historjas | historjats | historjas | historjat | +*** hjá +adj. {{{phon(çɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hj%C3%A1][hjá]] + +1. near, next to, by (physically and metaphorically) +2. soon +3. by (a book /by/ this author) + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | hjár | hját | +| Acc. | hjá | hját | +| Dat. | hjámum | hjámum | +| Gen. | hjás | hjás | +| Pl.Nom. | hjárar | hjá | +| Acc. | hjá | hjá | +| Dat. | hjámum | hjámum | +| Gen. | hjárar | hjár | + *** hjól sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_Norse][hjól]] @@ -796,6 +1163,29 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(çɔl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hj%C3%B3l#Old_ | Dat. | hjól | hjólit | hjólum | hjólitum | | Gen. | hjóls | hjólits | hjóls | hjólit | +*** hlaup(a) +sv. {{{phon(ɬɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlaupa][hlaupa]] + +1. to run +2. to rush (figuratively), to hurry + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: hlaup +- imperative :: hlaup +- imperative passive voice :: hlaupask +- present participle :: hlaupand +- past participle :: hlaupit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| +| 1s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupumk | +| 2s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | +| 3s | | hlaupar | hlaupir | hlaupt | hlaupask | +| 1p | | hlaupum | hlaupim | hlaupum | hlaupumk | +| 2p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | +| 3p | | hlaupið | hlaupið | hlaupuð | hlaupask | + *** hler(a) sv. {{{phon(ɬer)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hlera][hlera]] @@ -963,6 +1353,19 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | | 3p | | hnjósið | hnjósið | hnjósuð | hnjósask | +*** hóst(r) +sn.m. {{{phon(hɔ̀ʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B3str][hóstr]] + +1. lower part of the throat +2. chest + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | hóstr | hóstinn | hóstr | hóstinn | +| Acc. | hóst | hóstin | hóst | hóstin | +| Dat. | hóst | hóstin | hóstum | hóstinum | +| Gen. | hóstar | hóstins | hóstar | hóstin | + *** hrifs wn.n. {{{phon(r̥ivs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hrifs][hrifs]] @@ -1041,6 +1444,18 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | | 3p | | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðið | hugaleiðuð | hugaleiððisk | +*** hund(r) +sn.m. {{{phon(hund)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hundr][hundr]] + +1. dog + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | hundr | hundinn | hundr | hundinn | +| Acc. | hund | hundin | hund | hundin | +| Dat. | hund | hundin | hundum | hundinum | +| Gen. | hundar | hundins | hundar | hundin | + *** hús sn.n. {{{phon(hòs)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%BAs][hús]] @@ -1102,7 +1517,23 @@ used with countable nouns. #+html: ::: *** hversdag -{{{phon(hversdaj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and +{{{phon(hversdaj)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#hver][hver]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]] + +1. adj. daily, everyday +2. adv. daily, everyday + +#+name: Declension of /hversdag/ as an adjective +#+caption: hversdag-adjective-declension +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+------------+------------| +| Sg.Nom. | hversdagr | hversdagt | +| Acc. | hversdag | hversdagt | +| Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum | +| Gen. | hversdags | hversdags | +| Pl.Nom. | hversdagar | hversdag | +| Acc. | hversdag | hversdag | +| Dat. | hversdagum | hversdagum | +| Gen. | hversdagar | hversdagr | *** hví adv. {{{phon(ʍè)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hv%C3%AD#Old_Norse][hví]] @@ -1140,6 +1571,17 @@ adj. {{{phon(ʍɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hv%C3%ADtr] 1. white +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | hvítr | hvítt | +| Acc. | hvít | hvítt | +| Dat. | hvítum | hvítum | +| Gen. | hvíts | hvíts | +| Pl.Nom. | hvítar | hvít | +| Acc. | hvít | hvít | +| Dat. | hvítum | hvítum | +| Gen. | hvítar | hvítr | + ** I *** ikkí interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}} @@ -1149,6 +1591,13 @@ interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}} From an unkwnown Greenlandic language, compare with modern Greenlandic /ikkii/. +*** iþat +adv. {{{phon(iθat)}}}, from OE /eptir þat/. + +1. nevertheless, nonetheless + + Introduces an unexpected continuation or a contrast + ** Í ** J *** jak @@ -1185,6 +1634,30 @@ Alternative form: *kóp* | Dat. | kaup | kaupit | kaupum | kaupitum | | Gen. | kaups | kaupits | kaups | kaupit | +*** kaup(a) +wv. {{{phon(kɔp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kaupa-B][kaupa]] + +1. to make business by selling goods, to do commerce +2. to bargain, to barter +3. to exchange + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: kaup +- imperative :: kaup +- imperative passive voice :: kaupask +- present participle :: kaupand +- past participle :: kaupit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+---------| +| 1s | | kaupar | kaupar | kaupar | kaupum | +| 2s | | kaupið | kaupið | kaupir | kaupir | +| 3s | | kaupir | kaupim | kaupið | kaupið | +| 1p | | kaupt | kaupt | kaupt | kaupum | +| 2p | | kaupuð | kaupuð | kaupumk | kaupisk | +| 3p | | kaupðisk | kaupumk | kaupðisk | kaupisk | + *** kann iv.mod. {{{phon(kanː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kunna-A][kunna]] @@ -1214,6 +1687,55 @@ adj. {{{phon(kɛ̀ɸːok)}}}, from Greenlandic /kaappoq/ Alternative form: *kéffok* +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+----------+----------| +| Sg.Nom. | káppokr | káppokt | +| Acc. | káppok | káppokt | +| Dat. | káppokum | káppokum | +| Gen. | káppoks | káppoks | +| Pl.Nom. | káppokar | káppok | +| Acc. | káppok | káppok | +| Dat. | káppokum | káppokum | +| Gen. | káppokar | káppokr | + +*** kátt +sn.m. {{{phon(kɛ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%B6ttr][kǫttr]] + +1. cat + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | káttr | káttinn | káttr | káttinn | +| Acc. | kátt | káttin | kátt | káttin | +| Dat. | kátt | káttin | káttum | káttinum | +| Gen. | káttar | káttins | káttar | káttin | + +*** kenn(a) +wv. {{{phon(kenː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kenna-B][kenna]] + +1. to know, to recognize +2. to teach, when the patient is a dative element +3. to perceive, to sense +4. to admit, to acknowledge when followed by an infinitive subordinate + sentence + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: kenn +- imperative :: kenn +- imperative passive voice :: kennask +- present participle :: kennand +- past participle :: kennit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kennumk | +| 2s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | +| 3s | | kennar | kennir | kent | kendisk | +| 1p | | kennum | kennim | kennum | kennumk | +| 2p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | +| 3p | | kennið | kennið | kennuð | kendisk | + *** kék adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}} @@ -1221,6 +1743,17 @@ adj. {{{phon(kɛk)}}} Probably from a Greenlandic dialect, compare to West Greenlandic /qeeq/ +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | kékr | kékt | +| Acc. | kék | kékt | +| Dat. | kékum | kékum | +| Gen. | kéks | kéks | +| Pl.Nom. | kékar | kék | +| Acc. | kék | kék | +| Dat. | kékum | kékum | +| Gen. | kékar | kékr | + *** kláð(a) sv. {{{phon(klɛ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#kl%C3%A6%C3%B0a][kláða]] @@ -1313,6 +1846,19 @@ Alternative form: *Konong* Alternative form: *kononglej* +#+name: Declension of /konunglig/ as an adjective +#+caption: konunglig-adjective-declension +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+-------------+-------------| +| Sg.Nom. | konungligr | konungligt | +| Acc. | konunglig | konungligt | +| Dat. | konungligum | konungligum | +| Gen. | konungligs | konungligs | +| Pl.Nom. | konungligar | konunglig | +| Acc. | konunglig | konunglig | +| Dat. | konungligum | konungligum | +| Gen. | konungligar | konungligr | + *** kúr(a) sv. {{{phon(kòr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/k.php#k%C3%BAra][kúra]] @@ -1351,6 +1897,23 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(land)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/land#Old_Norse] | Dat. | land | landit | landum | landitum | | Gen. | lands | landits | lands | landit | +*** lat +adj. {{{phon(lɑt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#latr]] + +1. lazy +2. with slow reaction time + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | latr | latt | +| Acc. | lat | latt | +| Dat. | latum | latum | +| Gen. | lats | lats | +| Pl.Nom. | latar | lat | +| Acc. | lat | lat | +| Dat. | latum | latum | +| Gen. | latar | latr | + *** Laurdag sn.m. {{{phon(lɔrdaɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#laug-IV][laugardagr]] @@ -1364,21 +1927,42 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(lɛ̀j)}}} 1. law, plural only +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | lág | lágit | lág | lágitr | +| Acc. | lág | lágit | lág | lágit | +| Dat. | lág | lágit | lágum | lágitum | +| Gen. | lágs | lágits | lágs | lágit | + *** lágsman sn.m. {{{phon(ˈlɛ̀ɡsˌman)}}} 1. lawyer, attorney -*** mynd -sn.f. {{{phon(mynd)}}} +For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#man][man]]. -1. image, picture -2. video +*** lás(a) +wv. {{{phon(lɛ̀s)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%A6sa][læsa]] -*** nakt -adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}} +1. to lock +2. to shut (somewhat securely) -1. naked +Declensions: +- infinitive :: lás +- imperative :: lás +- imperative passive voice :: lásask +- present participle :: lásand +- past participle :: lásin + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| +| 1s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lásumk | +| 2s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | +| 3s | | lásar | lásir | lást | lástisk | +| 1p | | lásum | lásim | lásum | lásumk | +| 2p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | +| 3p | | lásið | lásið | lásuð | lástisk | *** leik {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}} @@ -1386,11 +1970,35 @@ adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}} 1. sn.f. plaything 2. sn.m. game +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | leikr | leikinn | leikr | leikinn | +| Acc. | leik | leikin | leik | leikin | +| Dat. | leik | leikin | leikum | leikinum | +| Gen. | leikar | leikins | leikar | leikin | + *** leik(a) sv. {{{phon(lɑɪk)}}} 1. to play +Declensions: +- infinitive :: leik +- imperative :: leik +- imperative passive voice :: leikask +- present participle :: leikand +- past participle :: leikit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikumk | +| 2s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | +| 3s | | leikar | leikir | leikt | leikask | +| 1p | | leikum | leikim | leikum | leikumk | +| 2p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | +| 3p | | leikið | leikið | leikuð | leikask | + *** leið(a) wv. {{{phon(lɑːɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lei%C3%B0a][leiða]] @@ -1455,11 +2063,20 @@ sn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#listi][listi 1. list 2. catalogue +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | listr | listinn | listr | listinn | +| Acc. | list | listin | list | listin | +| Dat. | list | listin | listum | listinum | +| Gen. | listir | listins | listir | listin | + *** listsmið sn.m. {{{phon(liʃtsmið)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#list][list]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]] 1. craftsman, artist +For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#smið][-smið]]. + *** líf sn.n. {{{phon(lèv)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#l%C3%ADf][líf]] @@ -1551,6 +2168,29 @@ She looked at her house. | 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN | #+html: ::: +*** lok(a) +sv. {{{phon(lok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#loka2][loka]] + +1. to close +2. to shut, to shut down + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: lok +- imperative :: lok +- imperative passive voice :: lokask +- present participle :: lokand +- past participle :: lokin + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| +| 1s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokumk | +| 2s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | +| 3s | | lokar | lokir | lokt | lokask | +| 1p | | lokum | lokim | lokum | lokumk | +| 2p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | +| 3p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | + *** lykil wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]] @@ -1570,7 +2210,7 @@ in.m. {{{phon(mɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#ma%C3%B0r][m 1. man 2. person -3. (colloquial) dude +3. interj. (colloquial) dude (indefinite accusative only) | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| @@ -1600,9 +2240,9 @@ iv. {{{phon(mun)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#munu][munu]] 3. polite conditional when used in the subjunctive #+html: ::: tip Example - Ef hann mynir kom + Ef hann mynir kom... - If he comes + If he comes... #+html: ::: 4. likely conditional auxilliary verb, necessarily used in the @@ -1642,8 +2282,8 @@ wv. {{{phon(mɛ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6la][m 3. to estimate Declensions: -- infinitive :: mæl -- imperative :: mæl +- infinitive :: mál +- imperative :: mál - imperative passive voice :: málask - present participle :: máland - past participle :: málin @@ -1752,6 +2392,30 @@ adj. {{{phon(mið)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#mi%C3%B0r][mi 1. middle (physically and temporaly) 2. midways +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | miðr | miðt | +| Acc. | mið | miðt | +| Dat. | miðum | miðum | +| Gen. | miðs | miðs | +| Pl.Nom. | miðar | mið | +| Acc. | mið | mið | +| Dat. | miðum | miðum | +| Gen. | miðar | miðr | + +*** mynd +sn.f. {{{phon(mynd)}}} + +1. image, picture +2. video + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | myndr | myndinn | myndr | myndinn | +| Acc. | mynd | myndin | mynd | myndin | +| Dat. | mynd | myndin | myndum | myndinum | +| Gen. | myndar | myndins | myndar | myndin | + *** myrgun in.m. {{{phon(ˈmyrɡun)}}}, {{{phon(mʏʁːʊn)}}} in some dialects, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/myrginn#Old_Norse][myrgunn]] @@ -1771,6 +2435,22 @@ has already been up for some time by then. | Gen. | myrnar | myrnins | myrnar | myrnan | ** N +*** nakt +adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}} + +1. naked + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | naktr | naktt | +| Acc. | nakt | naktt | +| Dat. | naktum | naktum | +| Gen. | nakts | nakts | +| Pl.Nom. | naktar | nakt | +| Acc. | nakt | nakt | +| Dat. | naktum | naktum | +| Gen. | naktar | naktr | + *** ná adv. {{{phon(nɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%A1#Old_Norse][ná]] @@ -1817,6 +2497,12 @@ Proto-Eskimoan /*nanka/, and Western Greenlandic /naagga/. 1. (adv.) no 2. (interj) no, as an exclamation of panic, regret +*** nem +{{{phon(nem)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#nema-B][nema]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#en][en]] + +- conj. but (emphasis on counterfactual) +- adv. expect, save, but + *** norvegsúlf sn.m. {{{phon(ˈnorβejsˌòlv)}}}, from ON /Noregs/ (genitive of ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/n.php#noregr][Noregr]]) and ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ulfr#Old_Norse][úlfr]] @@ -1833,6 +2519,49 @@ inherited the simpler /úlfr/ term. Noun composed by Old Norse /noregs/ For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#ulf][úlf]]. ** O +*** ok +conj. {{{phon(ok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#ok-A][ok]] + +1. and + +*** opin +adj. {{{phon(ˈopin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opinn][opinn]] + +1. open + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | opinr | opint | +| Acc. | opin | opint | +| Dat. | opinum | opinum | +| Gen. | opins | opins | +| Pl.Nom. | opinar | opin | +| Acc. | opin | opin | +| Dat. | opinum | opinum | +| Gen. | opinar | opinr | + +*** opn(a) +sv. {{{phon(opn̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opna][opna]] + +1. to open + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: opn +- imperative :: opn +- imperative passive voice :: opnask +- present participle :: opnand +- past participle :: opnit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| +| 1s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnumk | +| 2s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnsk | +| 3s | | opnar | opnir | opnt | opnask | +| 1p | | opnum | opnim | opnum | opnumk | +| 2p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | +| 3p | | opnið | opnið | opnuð | opnask | + *** opt adv. {{{phon(oɸt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opt][opt]] @@ -1845,18 +2574,48 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(orð)}}} 1. word, utterance +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | orð | orðit | orð | orðitr | +| Acc. | orð | orðit | orð | orðit | +| Dat. | orð | orðit | orðum | orðitum | +| Gen. | orðs | orðits | orðs | orðit | + *** orðtak wn.n. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orðtak-a][orðtak(a)]] 1. a quote +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+---------+-----------+----------+------------| +| Nom. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakr | orðtakitr | +| Acc. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtak | orðtakit | +| Dat. | orðtak | orðtakit | orðtakum | orðtakitum | +| Gen. | orðtaks | orðtakits | orðtaks | orðtakit | + *** orðtak(a) sv. {{{phon(ˈorðˌtɑk)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#orð][orð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#tak-a][tak(a)]] 1. to quote -** Ó +Declensions: +- infinitive :: orðtak +- imperative :: orðtak +- imperative passive voice :: orðtakask +- present participle :: orðtakand +- past participle :: orðtakit +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+----------+-----------| +| 1s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakumk | +| 2s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtaksk | +| 3s | | orðtakar | orðtakir | orðtakt | orðtakisk | +| 1p | | orðtakum | orðtakim | orðtakum | orðtakumk | +| 2p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | +| 3p | | orðtakið | orðtakið | orðtakuð | orðtakisk | + +** Ó *** ó- prefix {{{phon(ɔ̀)}}} @@ -1873,6 +2632,17 @@ adj. {{{phon(ˌɔ̀ˈtrɔʊʃt)}}} 1. unsafe, not trustworthy +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+-----------+-----------| +| Sg.Nom. | ótraustr | ótraustt | +| Acc. | ótraust | ótraustt | +| Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum | +| Gen. | ótrausts | ótrausts | +| Pl.Nom. | ótraustar | ótraust | +| Acc. | ótraust | ótraust | +| Dat. | ótraustum | ótraustum | +| Gen. | ótraustar | ótraustr | + *** Óðin pn. {{{phon(ɔðen)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3%C3%B0inn][Óðinn]] @@ -1900,6 +2670,17 @@ adj. {{{phon(ˈɔ̀ɡʲœð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3 Alternative form: *ógjœð* +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+---------+---------| +| Sg.Nom. | óglaðr | óglaðt | +| Acc. | óglað | óglaðt | +| Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum | +| Gen. | óglaðs | óglaðs | +| Pl.Nom. | óglaðar | óglað | +| Acc. | óglað | óglað | +| Dat. | óglaðum | óglaðum | +| Gen. | óglaðar | óglaðr | + *** óss sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss][óss]] @@ -1914,6 +2695,19 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(ɔ̀sː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/oo.php#%C3%B3ss] | Gen. | óssar | óssinan | óssar | óssin | ** P +*** park +wn.n. {{{phon(pɑrk)}}}, from French /parc/ + +1. parc +2. natural reserve + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | park | parkit | parkr | parkitr | +| Acc. | park | parkit | park | parkit | +| Dat. | park | parkit | parkum | parkitum | +| Gen. | parks | parkits | parks | parkit | + *** pengvin wn.n. {{{phon(ˈpeŋβen)}}}, from French [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingouin#French][pingouin]] through Danish [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pingvin#Danish][pingvin]] @@ -1948,11 +2742,20 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(rɛ̀ð)}}} 1. advice, counsel +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðitr | +| Acc. | ráð | ráðit | ráð | ráðit | +| Dat. | ráð | ráðit | ráðum | ráðitum | +| Gen. | ráðs | ráðits | ráðs | ráðit | + *** ráðspell sn.n. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðˌʃpelː)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] 1. debate +See [[file:./dictionary.md#spell][spell]] for declension. + *** ráðuneyt(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ˈrɛ̀ðoˌnœʏt)}}}, from OI [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti][ráðuneyti]] @@ -1968,6 +2771,22 @@ Alternative form: *réðoneyt* | Dat. | ráðuneyt | ráðuneytit | ráðuneytum | ráðuneytitum | | Gen. | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytits | ráðuneyts | ráðuneytit | +*** rauð +adj. {{{phon(rɔ̀ð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rau%C3%B0r][rauðr]] + +1. red + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | rauðr | rauðt | +| Acc. | rauð | rauðt | +| Dat. | rauðum | rauðum | +| Gen. | rauðs | rauðs | +| Pl.Nom. | rauðar | rauð | +| Acc. | rauð | rauð | +| Dat. | rauðum | rauðum | +| Gen. | rauðar | rauðr | + *** rekkja (noun) wn.f. {{{phon(rekxə)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/r.php#rekkja][rekkja]] @@ -2032,13 +2851,21 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(ròm)}}} 1. room 2. channel (as in an online app) +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmitr | +| Acc. | rúm | rúmit | rúm | rúmit | +| Dat. | rúm | rúmit | rúmum | rúmitum | +| Gen. | rúms | rúmits | rúms | rúmit | + *** rúmvin sn.m. {{{phon(ˈròmˌβin)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#rum][rúm]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] 1. roommate -** S +For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#vin][vin]] +** S *** -smið suffix {{{phon(smið)}}} @@ -2135,6 +2962,11 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | | 3p | | sitið | sitið | setuð | sitjask | +*** síðan +adv. {{{phon(sèðɑn)}}}, from ON + +1. after, temporal posteriority or lesser priority + *** sjá iv. {{{phon(ʃɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sj%C3%A1#Old_Norse][sjá]] @@ -2293,15 +3125,53 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(ʃkèt)}}} 1. /vulgar/ excrement, shit +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | skít | skítit | skít | skítitr | +| Acc. | skít | skítit | skít | skítit | +| Dat. | skít | skítit | skítum | skítitum | +| Gen. | skíts | skítits | skíts | skítit | + *** skítráð sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃkètˌrɛ̀ð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#skit][skít]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]], calque of English /shitpost/ 1. shitpost, meme -*** smársov -iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] +For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#rað][ráð]]. -1. to nap in a proper bed +*** smár +adj. {{{phon(smɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sm%C3%A1r-A][smár]] + +1. small, little +2. narrow + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | smárr | smárt | +| Acc. | smár | smárt | +| Dat. | smárum | smárum | +| Gen. | smárs | smárs | +| Pl.Nom. | smárar | smár | +| Acc. | smár | smár | +| Dat. | smárum | smárum | +| Gen. | smárar | smárr | + +*** smársov +wn.n. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] + +1. a nap (in a proper bed) + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+----------+------------+-----------+-------------| +| Nom. | smársov | smársovit | smársovr | smársovitr | +| Acc. | smársov | smársovit | smársov | smársovit | +| Dat. | smársov | smársovit | smársovum | smársovitum | +| Gen. | smársovs | smársovits | smársovs | smársovit | + +*** smársov(a) +iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] + +1. to nap (in a proper bed) See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison. @@ -2317,6 +3187,30 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(sɲɔ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r# | Dat. | snjór | snjórin | snjórum | snjórinum | | Gen. | snjórar | snjórins | snjórar | snjórin | +*** son(n) +sn.m. {{{phon(son)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sonr-B][sonr]] + +1. son + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | sonn | soninn | sonn | soninn | +| Acc. | son | sonin | son | sonin | +| Dat. | son | sonin | sonum | soninum | +| Gen. | sonar | sonins | sonar | sonin | + +*** sov +wn.n. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] + +1. a sleep, a long rest (in a bed) + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | sov | sovit | sovr | sovitr | +| Acc. | sov | sovit | sov | sovit | +| Dat. | sov | sovit | sovum | sovitum | +| Gen. | sovs | sovits | sovs | sovit | + *** sov(a) iv. {{{phon(soβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sofa-B][sofa]] @@ -2376,6 +3270,13 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(ʃpelː)}}} 1. speech, saying +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| +| Nom. | spell | spellit | spell | spellitr | +| Acc. | spell | spellit | spell | spellit | +| Dat. | spell | spellit | spellum | spellitum | +| Gen. | spells | spellits | spells | spellit | + *** styrsamhald(i) sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]] (a holding together, unity). @@ -2416,6 +3317,30 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(sunsndaɣ)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunnuda For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite form. See the other [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. +*** svart(r) +adj. {{{phon(sβɑrt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#svartr][svartr]] + +1. black + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+---------+---------| +| Sg.Nom. | svartr | svartt | +| Acc. | svart | svartt | +| Dat. | svartum | svartum | +| Gen. | svarts | svarts | +| Pl.Nom. | svartar | svart | +| Acc. | svart | svart | +| Dat. | svartum | svartum | +| Gen. | svartar | svartr | + +*** svá +conj. {{{phon(sβɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%A1-B][svá]], see also [[file:./dictionary.md#þa][þá]] + +1. thus, therefore, then, consequently + + Used as a way to introduce consequences, generally more explicit + than with /þá/. /Ef/ is only followed by /svá/, never /þá/. + ** T *** tak(a) sv. {{{phon(tɑk)}}} @@ -2423,6 +3348,23 @@ sv. {{{phon(tɑk)}}} 1. to take, to seize 2. to capture (figuratively) +Declensions: +- infinitive :: tak +- imperative :: tak +- imperative passive voice :: takask +- present participle :: takand +- past participle :: takit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| +| 1s | | takar | takir | takt | takumk | +| 2s | | takar | takir | takt | taksk | +| 3s | | takar | takir | takt | takask | +| 1p | | takum | takim | takum | takumk | +| 2p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask | +| 3p | | takið | takið | takuð | takask | + *** tal(a) **** Noun wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]] @@ -2469,13 +3411,30 @@ sv. {{{phon(tɑrː)}}} 1. to spread out +Declensions: +- infinitive :: tarr +- imperative :: tarr +- imperative passive voice :: tarrask +- present participle :: tarrand +- past participle :: tarrit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrumk | +| 2s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrsk | +| 3s | | tarrar | tarrir | tarrt | tarrisk | +| 1p | | tarrum | tarrim | tarrum | tarrumk | +| 2p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | +| 3p | | tarrið | tarrið | tarruð | tarrisk | + *** til prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]] 1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively) **** til ná -1. still +1. adv. still *** Tíbet wn.n. {{{phon(ˈtèbet)}}}, borrowed from Danish /Tibet/ @@ -2513,6 +3472,17 @@ adj. {{{phon(trɔʊʃt)}}} 1. trusty, trustworthy, safe +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+----------+----------| +| Sg.Nom. | traustr | traustt | +| Acc. | traust | traustt | +| Dat. | traustum | traustum | +| Gen. | trausts | trausts | +| Pl.Nom. | traustar | traust | +| Acc. | traust | traust | +| Dat. | traustum | traustum | +| Gen. | traustar | traustr | + *** tren wn.n. {{{phon(tren)}}}, from English [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/train#English][train]] @@ -2530,6 +3500,13 @@ wn.f. {{{phon(tuŋ)}}} 1. tongue +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | tung | tungit | tungr | tungitr | +| Acc. | tung | tungit | tung | tungit | +| Dat. | tung | tungit | tungum | tungitum | +| Gen. | tungs | tungits | tungs | tungit | + *** týr in.m. {{{phon(tør)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%BDr][týr]] @@ -2584,7 +3561,7 @@ adj. {{{phon(undir)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/undir#Old_Norse 1. under, underneath, below -Can only be used with accusative or dative. +Can only be used with a dative noun phrase. #+html: ::: tip Example Bókinn er undir borðitum. @@ -2726,12 +3703,17 @@ Declensions: | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. Past | Subj. Past | |----+------------+-------------+-----------+------------| | 1s | em | sé | vas | vár | -| 2s | est | sér | vast | vár | -| 3s | es | sé | vas | vár | +| 2s | est/ert | sér | vast | vár | +| 3s | es/er | sé | vas | vár | | 1p | er | sé | var | vár | | 2p | eruð | séð | varð | várið | | 3p | er | sé | var | vár | +The distinction between /est/ or /ert/ and /es/ or /er/ is purely based on the +dialect one speaks. In general, the /est/ and /es/ form is preferred in +Ðeberget’s region, Fjalheim and other Northern parts of Eittland while +/ert/ and /er/ is preferred everywhere else. + *** verp(a) sv. {{{phon(βerp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verpa][verpa]] @@ -2827,12 +3809,45 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(βin)}}} 1. friend +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | vinn | vininn | vinn | vininn | +| Acc. | vin | vinin | vin | vinin | +| Dat. | vin | vinin | vinum | vininum | +| Gen. | vinar | vinins | vinar | vinin | + *** vinbú wn.m. {{{phon(ˈβinˌbò)}}} 1. pet 2. roommate (derogatory) +For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#bu][bú]]. + +*** vind +sn.m. {{{phon(βind)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vindr2][vindr]] + +1. wind + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | vindr | vindinn | vindr | vindinn | +| Acc. | vind | vindin | vind | vindin | +| Dat. | vind | vindin | vindum | vindinum | +| Gen. | vindar | vindins | vindar | vindin | + +*** vindaug(a) +wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβindˌɔ̀j)}}}, from [[file:dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#aug-a][aug(a)]] + +1. window + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| +| Nom. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugatr | +| Acc. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaug | vindaugat | +| Dat. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaugum | vindaugatum | +| Gen. | vindaugas | vindaugats | vindaugas | vindaugat | + *** vit interj. {{{phon(βit)}}} @@ -2868,6 +3883,17 @@ Alternative form: *Œjer* ** Đ ** Þ +*** þá +conj. {{{phon(θɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%A1][þá]] + +1. then, temporal continuity or implied consequence + +#+html: ::: tip Example +Hann kœmt heim, þá lokt ok lást dyrin + +He came home, then closed and locked the door +#+html: ::: + *** Þór pn.m. {{{phon(θɔr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/th.php#%C3%BE%C3%B3rr-A][Þórr]] @@ -2889,6 +3915,8 @@ For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite [[file:./dictionary.md#days-of-the-week][days of the week]]. * Notes :noexport: +** Declension templates +*** Nouns | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-----+---------+-----+---------| @@ -2897,6 +3925,21 @@ For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#dag][dag]]. Does not have a definite | Dat. | | | | | | Gen. | | | | | +*** Adjectives + +| | Common | Neuter | +|---------+--------+--------| +| Sg.Nom. | | | +| Acc. | | | +| Dat. | | | +| Gen. | | | +| Pl.Nom. | | | +| Acc. | | | +| Dat. | | | +| Gen. | | | + +*** Verbs + Declensions: - infinitive :: - imperative ::