From 44316af28680df33f2358382dcea262bac1d74cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lucien Cartier-Tilet Date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 09:16:39 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] docs(eittlandic): better tables in grammar --- docs/eittlandic/grammar.org | 97 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/grammar.org b/docs/eittlandic/grammar.org index d855d2f..f0203d2 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/grammar.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/grammar.org @@ -19,15 +19,14 @@ **** Personal Pronouns -| | 1s | 2s | 1p | 2s | -|------------+-----+-----+-----+-----| -| Nominative | ek | þú | vér | ér | -| Accusative | mik | þik | oss | yðr | -| Dative | mér | þér | oss | yðr | -| Genitive | mín | þín | vár | yðr | -#+begin_center -First and second person pronouns in Eittlandic -#+end_center +#+name: 1-2-personal-pronouns-table +#+caption: First and second person pronouns in Eittlandic +| | 1s | 2s | 1p | 2s | +|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----| +| Nom | ek | þú | vér | ér | +| Acc | mik | þik | oss | yðr | +| Dat | mér | þér | oss | yðr | +| Gen | mín | þín | vár | yðr | The only notable change in written form from their Early Old Norse version is the regularization of the genitive plural second person @@ -35,20 +34,19 @@ version is the regularization of the genitive plural second person phonology as explained in [[file:./phonology.md#evolution-from-early-old-norse-to-eittlandic][the evolution from Early Old Norse to Eittlandic]]. -| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | -|---------------------+-----------+----------+--------| -| Singular Nominative | hann | han | þat | -| Singular Accusative | han | han | þat | -| Singular Dative | hanum | henn | því | -| Singular Genitive | hans | hennar | þass | -|---------------------+-----------+----------+--------| -| Plural Nominative | þeir | þér | þau | -| Plural Accusative | þá | þér | þau | -| Plural Dative | þeim | þeim | þeim | -| Plural Genitive | þeir | þeir | þeir | -#+begin_center -Third person pronouns in Eittlandic -#+end_center +#+name: 3-personal-pronouns-table +#+caption: Third person pronouns in Eittlandic +| | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | +|--------+-----------+----------+--------| +| Sg Nom | hann | han | þat | +| Sg Acc | han | han | þat | +| Sg Dat | hanum | henn | því | +| Sg Gen | hans | hennar | þass | +|--------+-----------+----------+--------| +| Pl Nom | þeir | þér | þau | +| Pl Acc | þá | þér | þau | +| Pl Dat | þeim | þeim | þeim | +| Pl Gen | þeir | þeir | þeir | Here we also have few changes from the Early Old Norse pronouns for the third persons, singular and plural. @@ -57,10 +55,10 @@ An additional set of pronouns contains reflexive pronouns. This one is relatively small, as it does not agree in person, number, or gender. However, it still agrees in case. Note that there is no nominative reflexive pronoun in Eittlandic. -| Nominative | - | -| Accusative | sik | -| Dative | sér | -| Genitive | sín | +| Nom | - | +| Acc | sik | +| Dat | sér | +| Gen | sín | **** Demonstrative Pronouns During its evolution from Old Eittlandic, the Eittlandic language lost @@ -168,19 +166,20 @@ depending on the tense, mood, and aspect of the verbal sentence. The examples are given using the verbs /far(a)/ (/to go/, a former strong verb), and /berja/ (/to beat/, a former weak verb). -| | | | | | -| person | | Indicative Present | Subjunctive Present | Indicative and Subjunctive Past | -|--------+---+--------------------+---------------------+---------------------------------| -| 1s | | -r | -ir | -t | -| 2s | | -r | -ir | -t | -| 3s | | -r | -ir | -t | -| 1p | | -um | -im | -um | -| 2p | | -ið | -ið | -uð | -| 3p | | -ið | -ið | -uð | -#+begin_center -/Typical Verb Inflexion/ -#+end_center +#+name: verb-inflexion-table +#+caption: Typical Verb Inflexion +| | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Ind. and Subj. Past | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------------------| +| 1s | | -r | -ir | -t | +| 2s | | -r | -ir | -t | +| 3s | | -r | -ir | -t | +| 1p | | -um | -im | -um | +| 2p | | -ið | -ið | -uð | +| 3p | | -ið | -ið | -uð | +#+name: verb-inflexion-ind-example +#+caption: Indicative present inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/ | person | | far | berja | |--------+---+-------+--------| | 1s | | ferr | berjar | @@ -189,9 +188,6 @@ verb), and /berja/ (/to beat/, a former weak verb). | 1p | | farum | berjum | | 2p | | farið | berið | | 3p | | farið | berið | -#+begin_center -Indicative present inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/ -#+end_center Note that the final vowel of /berja/ gets replaced with the vowel from the inflexion, and the final /j/ also disappears when it is immediately @@ -199,6 +195,8 @@ followed by an /i/. Present subjunctive has similar declensions to present indicative. +#+verb-inflexion-subj-example +#+caption: Subjunctive present inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/ | person | | far | berja | |--------+---+-------+-------| | 1s | | ferir | berir | @@ -207,9 +205,6 @@ Present subjunctive has similar declensions to present indicative. | 1p | | farim | berim | | 2p | | farið | berið | | 3p | | farið | berið | -#+begin_center -Subjunctive present inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/ -#+end_center We can see again how the /ja/ at the end of infinitive /berja/ got replaced by the ending of subjunctive present verbs. @@ -217,6 +212,8 @@ replaced by the ending of subjunctive present verbs. The past declension is simpler as there is no difference between indicative and subjunctive past. +#+name: verb-inflexion-past-example +#+caption: Indicative and subjunctive past inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/ | person | | far | berja | |--------+---+-------+--------| | 1s | | fert | berjat | @@ -225,9 +222,6 @@ indicative and subjunctive past. | 1p | | farum | berjum | | 2p | | faruð | berjuð | | 3p | | faruð | berjuð | -#+begin_center -Indicative and subjunctive past inflexion of /far(a)/ and /berja/ -#+end_center The infinitive and imperative merged due to the final vowel loss, making /far/ and /berja/ not only the infinitive form of /to go/ and /to @@ -242,6 +236,8 @@ When it comes to the passive voice, inherited from the /-sk/ form in Old Norse, its declension is a lot more regular. However, we’ll see the remaining difference between strong and weak verbs. +#+name: passive-declension-table +#+caption: Strong and Weak Verb Inflexion for the Indicative Present and Past in Passive Voice | | | | | | person | | Strong | Weak | |--------+---+----------+-------------| @@ -251,10 +247,9 @@ remaining difference between strong and weak verbs. | 1p | | -umk | -umk | | 2p | | -(a/i)sk | -(ð/d/t)isk | | 3p | | -(a/i)sk | -(ð/d/t)isk | -#+begin_center -/Strong and Weak Verb Inflexion for the Indicative Present and Past in Passive Voice/ -#+end_center +#+name: passive-example-table +#+caption: Example of passive with /far/ and /berja/ | person | | far | berja | |--------+---+--------+-----------| | 1s | | ferumk | berjumk |