diff --git a/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org b/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org index 055f360..40eb0bd 100644 --- a/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org +++ b/docs/eittlandic/dictionary.org @@ -85,6 +85,60 @@ added when no other underlying vowel can replace it). The definite form of a noun is indicated in its declension table. ** A +*** að +prep. {{{phon(ɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#a%C3%B0][að]] + +As a preposition, /að/ generally indicates motion or direction towards +something, or attachment to something. It can be translated as /to/, +/towards/, or /at/. + +1. (part.) to, used to indicate the infinitive form of a verb + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Han byrt að syng + + She started to sing + #+html: ::: +2. to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Hann fert að borgin + + He went to the city + + - Ek sendt brévit að vinin + + I sent the letter to friends + #+html: ::: + + Unlike [[file:./dictionary.md#til][til]], /að/ emphasizes on the proximity towards the goal, or in + the case of a movement (physical or metaphorical), of an approach + of the goal. + + Some dialects also prefer to use /að/ rather than [[file:./dictionary.md#til][til]]. +3. at, in, used to indicate location or position + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Ek býr að þett húsit + + I live in this house + + - Vár mœtumk að veitingstaðin + + We met at the restaurant + #+html: ::: +4. on, upon, used to indicate contact or support + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Bókann liggjar að borðit + + The book is next to the table + + - Hann sitjar að stólin + + He sits down in the chair + #+html: ::: + *** af(i) wn.m. {{{phon(ɑf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/a.php#afi][afi]] @@ -294,6 +348,7 @@ See [[file:./dictionary.md#bil][bil]] for declensions. ** Á *** á +**** Noun sn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A13][á]] 1. river @@ -305,6 +360,39 @@ sn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A13][á] | Dat. | á | án | áum | ánum | | Gen. | ár | áns | ár | án | +**** Preposition +prep. {{{phon(ɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1-remark][á]] + +As a preposition, /á/ indicates a position or static location on a +surface, in time, or in state. It generally triggers the accusative +for temporal uses, while it triggers the dative for any other use. + +1. on, upon, used to indicate position or location on a surface + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Bókann liggjar á borðit + + The book is on the table + + - Hann sitjar á stólin + + He sits on the chair + #+html: ::: +2. at, used to indicate a specific time or occasion + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Vár mœtumk á Óðinsdag + + We met on Wednesday + #+html: ::: +3. in, within, used to indicate a state or condition + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Han es á far + + She is on a journey + #+html: ::: + *** ábreið(a) wn.f. {{{phon(ɛ̀brɑɪð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/aa.php#%C3%A1brei%C3%B0a][ábreiða]] @@ -453,6 +541,20 @@ wn.n. {{{phon(βil)}}}, shortened from of [[file:./dictionary.md#automobil][auto | Dat. | bil | bilit | bilum | bilitum | | Gen. | bils | bilits | bils | bilit | +*** birt(i) +wn.f. {{{phon(birt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#birti][birti]] + +1. brightness, the quality or state of giving off or reflecting light + (see also [[file:./dictionary.md#ljos][ljós]]) +2. clarity, the quality or state of being clear or easily understood + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | birt | birtit | birtr | birtitr | +| Acc. | birt | birtit | birt | birtit | +| Dat. | birt | birtit | birtum | birtitum | +| Gen. | birts | birtits | birts | birtit | + *** bjálf(i) wn.m. {{{phon(βjɛ̀lf)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bj%C3%A1lfi][bjálfi]] @@ -576,6 +678,22 @@ Alternative form: *bréð* See [[file:dictionary.md#broð][/bróð/]] +*** brév +sn.n. {{{phon(brɛ̀β)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#bref][bréf]] + +1. letter, a written or printed communication, generally transported + by post, especially when it is a fomal communication from one + person or organisation to another +2. episle, a formal or literary letter, especially one addressed to a + specific audience or dealing with a particular subject + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | brév | brévit | brév | brévitr | +| Acc. | brév | brévit | brév | brévit | +| Dat. | brév | brévit | brévum | brévitum | +| Gen. | brévs | brévits | brévs | brévit | + *** bróð(i) sn.m. {{{phon(brɔ̀ð)}}} , from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#br%C3%B3%C3%B0ir][bróðir]] @@ -655,6 +773,54 @@ See also [[file:./dictionary.md#grann-i][grann(i)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#n | Dat. | bú | búit | búum | búitum | | Gen. | bús | búits | bús | búit | +*** bú(a) +wv. {{{phon(bò)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#b%C3%BAa-A][búa]] + +1. to live, to dwell, to reside or have one’s home in a prarticular + place +2. to inhabit, to occupy, to live or occupy a place as a resident + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: bú +- imperative :: bú +- imperative passive voice :: búask +- present participle :: búand +- past participle :: búit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+------+---------| +| 1s | | býr | búir | byt | búmk | +| 2s | | býr | búir | byt | búðisk | +| 3s | | býr | búir | byt | búðisk | +| 1p | | búm | búim | bym | búmk | +| 2p | | búið | búið | byð | búðisk | +| 3p | | búið | búið | byð | búðisk | + +*** byr(ja) +wv. {{{phon(byr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/b.php#byrja2][byrja]] + +1. to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a + sense of informality or immediacy +2. to commence, to initiate; to mark the start of something + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: byr +- imperative :: byr +- imperative passive voice :: byrjask +- present participle :: byrjand +- past participle :: byrit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrjumk | +| 2s | | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrtisk | +| 3s | | byrjar | byrir | byrt | byrtisk | +| 1p | | byrjum | byrim | byrjum | byrjumk | +| 2p | | byrið | byrið | byrjuð | byrtisk | +| 3p | | byrið | byrið | byrjuð | byrtisk | + ** C ** D *** dag @@ -1144,10 +1310,29 @@ For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#syst][syst]]. See also [[file:./dictionary.md#moðirsyst][móðirsyst]]. -*** far(a) -iv. {{{phon(far)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]] +*** far +sn.f. {{{phon(fɑr)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%B6r][far]] -1. to go, to travel +1. journey, trip, an act of traveling from one place to another +2. travel, the action of journeying, especially to distant places +3. expedition, a journey undRtaken for a specific purpose, often + involving exploration or research + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | farr | farinn | farr | farinn | +| Acc. | far | farin | far | farin | +| Dat. | far | farin | farum | farinum | +| Gen. | farar | farins | farar | farin | + +*** far(a) +iv. {{{phon(fɑr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fara-A][fara]] + +1. to go, to move, to proceed from one place to another +2. to travel, to journey, to go from one place to another, especially + over a considerable distance +3. to transport, to convey, to move people or goods from one place to another +4. to happen, to occur, to take place Declensions: - infinitive :: far @@ -1193,7 +1378,10 @@ See [[file:dictionary.md#fað][/fað/]] *** ferð sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r][ferðr]] -1. fjord, bay +1. fjord, a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, + typically formed by submerged glacial activity +2. inlet, bay, a recess in the shoreline, often narrow and partly + surrounded by land | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+--------+---------+--------+----------| @@ -1202,6 +1390,7 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(ferð)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#fj%C3%B6r%C | Dat. | ferð | ferðin | ferðum | ferðinum | | Gen. | ferðar | ferðins | ferðar | ferðin | + *** fé in.n.mass. {{{phon(fɛ̀)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#f%C3%A9][fé]] @@ -1292,6 +1481,30 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(flek)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flekkr][flekk | Dat. | flekk | flekkin | flekkum | flekkinum | | Gen. | flekkar | flekkins | flekkar | flekkin | +*** fløyg(a) +iv. {{{phon(flœʏj)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#flj%C3%BAga][fleuga]] + +1. to fly, to move through the air using wings or an aircraft +2. to rush, to hurry, to move or act quickly +3. to flee, to escape, to run away from danger or difficulty + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: fløyg +- imperative :: fløyg +- imperative passive voice :: fløygask +- present participle :: fløygand +- past participle :: fløygit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| +| 1s | | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygumk | +| 2s | | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygsk | +| 3s | | flýgar | fløygir | fló | fløygisk | +| 1p | | fløygum | fløygim | flugum | fløygumk | +| 2p | | fløygið | fløygið | fluguð | fløygisk | +| 3p | | fløygið | fløygið | fluguð | fløygisk | + *** foreld sn.m. {{{phon(ˈfor.eld)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/f.php#forellri][foreldri]] @@ -1428,6 +1641,30 @@ adj. {{{phon(ˈjɑmɑl)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gamall-I] | Dat. | gamalt | gamal | | Gen. | gamalt | gamall | +*** gang(a) +iv. {{{phon(jɑŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#ganga-A][ganga]] + +1. to go, to walk, to move or travel on foot +2. to proceed, to advance, to move forward or make progress +3. to function, to open, to work or perform as intended + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: gang +- imperative :: gakk +- imperative passive voice :: gangask +- present participle :: gangand +- past participle :: genginn + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangumk | +| 2s | | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangsk | +| 3s | | gengar | gangir | gekk | gangask | +| 1p | | gangum | gangim | gangum | gangumk | +| 2p | | gangið | gangið | ganguð | gangask | +| 3p | | gangið | gangið | ganguð | gangask | + *** gauð wn.f. {{{phon(jɔð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#gau%C3%B0][gauð]] (/a barking/) @@ -1822,6 +2059,19 @@ wn.m. {{{phon(hɑn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hani][hani]] | Dat. | han | hanit | hanum | hanitum | | Gen. | hans | hanits | hans | hanit | +*** haust +sn.n. {{{phon(hɔʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#haust][haust]] + +1. automn, fall, the season of the year following summer and preceding + winter, typically occurring from September to November in Eittland + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| +| Nom. | haust | haustit | haust | haustitr | +| Acc. | haust | haustit | haust | haustit | +| Dat. | haust | haustit | haustum | haustitum | +| Gen. | hausts | haustits | hausts | haustit | + *** hav(a) iv. {{{phon(haβ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hafa#Old_Norse][hafa]] @@ -1868,6 +2118,23 @@ sn.f. {{{phon(hɛ̀nd)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6nd | Dat. | hánd | hándin | hándum | hándinum | | Gen. | hándar | hándins | hándar | hándin | +*** hár +{{{phon(hɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%A1r][hár]] + +1. (sn.f.) excellence, distinction; the quality of being outstanding or extremely good + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Han havir hár í sér verkum + #+html: ::: +2. (sn.f.) majesty; the quality or dignity of being majestic + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+-------+---------| +| Nom. | hárr | hárinn | hárr | hárinn | +| Acc. | hár | hárin | hár | hárin | +| Dat. | hár | hárin | hárum | hárinum | +| Gen. | hárar | hárins | hárar | hárin | + *** hás adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀s)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6ss][háss]] @@ -1885,7 +2152,7 @@ adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀s)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#h%C3%B6ss][ | Gen. | hásar | háss | *** háv -adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀f)}}} +adj. {{{phon(hɛ̀β)}}} 1. tall, high @@ -1931,13 +2198,14 @@ wn.f. {{{phon(ˈhɛ̀ðzˌdø̀n)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#havuð][hávu See [[file:./dictionary.md#dyn-a][dýn(a)]] for declensions. -*** hef +*** hef(ja) sv. {{{phon(hef)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/h.php#hefja-A][hefja]] 1. to heave, lift, raise, move something upward -2. to elevate or raise the status or importance of something -3. to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu -4. to enhance or improve something +2. to begin, to start, to initiate an action or event, often with a sense of formality or significance +3. to elevate or raise the status or importance of something +4. to remove or alleviate a burden or difficultyu +5. to enhance or improve something Declensions: - infinitive :: hef @@ -1950,11 +2218,11 @@ Declensions: | person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | |--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| | 1s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefjumk | -| 2s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefsk | -| 3s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | hefisk | +| 2s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | heftisk | +| 3s | | hefjar | hefir | heft | heftisk | | 1p | | hefjum | hefim | hefjum | hefjumk | -| 2p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | hefisk | -| 3p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | hefisk | +| 2p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | heftisk | +| 3p | | hefið | hefið | hefjuð | heftisk | *** heim {{{phon(hɑɪm)}}} @@ -2440,7 +2708,7 @@ be singular only. If the dialect still uses declensions, the noun will bear the genitive case while /hver/ bears the original case. Can only be used with countable nouns. -#+html: ::: Example +#+html: ::: tip Example - Ér hlustið til hver sagjar han You’re listening to everything he/she says @@ -2527,6 +2795,23 @@ suffix {{{phon(iɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/g.php#-gi][-gi]] 1. negative, no, not +*** -ing +suffix {{{phon(iŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ing#Old_Norse][-ing]] + +1. forms nouns denoting actions, results, or products of the verb to + which it is attached + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - [[file:./dictionary.md#veit-a][veit]] → veiting (provision, serving) + - [[file:./dictionary.md#syng-ja][syng]] → synging (singing, song) + - [[file:./dictionary.md#les-a][les]] → lesing (reading, recitation) + #+html: ::: +2. forms nouns denoting a state or condition related to the verb + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - [[file:./dictionary.md#hav-a][hav]] → having (possession, holding) + #+html: ::: + *** ikkí interj. {{{phon(ixːə)}}}, probably a Tunrit borrowing @@ -2615,6 +2900,42 @@ sn.f. {{{phon(ent.ern.ˈet)}}}, from English /Internet/ | Gen. | Internetar | Internetins | Internetar | Internetin | ** Í +*** í +prep. {{{phon(è)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/ii.php#%C3%AD][í]] + +/Í/ indicates location or position inside something. When indicating a +motion, the accusative is triggered, while the accusative is used when +it indicates a location. + +1. in, within, used to indicate location or position inside something + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Ek býr í þett húsit + + I live in this house + + - Bókin er í skápin + + The book is in the cabinet + #+html: ::: +2. into, used to indicate movement or direction into something + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Han gekk í húsit + + She went to the house + - Hann lítt í bilitum + + He looked inside the cars + #+html: ::: +3. in, during, used to indicate a period of time + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Vár farum í sumarit + + We traveled in the summR + #+html: ::: + *** ís sn.m. {{{phon(ès)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/ii.php#%C3%ADss][íss]] @@ -3177,6 +3498,19 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(leɡ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#leggr][leggr] | Dat. | legg | leggin | leggum | legginum | | Gen. | leggar | leggins | leggar | leggin | +*** lent(e) +sn.f. {{{phon(lent)}}}, probable Tunrit borrowing + +1. spring, the season of the year following winter and preceding + summer, typically occurring in Eittland from March to June + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | lentr | lentenn | lentr | lentenn | +| Acc. | lent | lenten | lent | lenten | +| Dat. | lent | lenten | lentum | lentenum | +| Gen. | lenter | lentens | lenter | lenten | + *** les(a) sv. {{{phon(les)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lesa-II][lesa]] @@ -3199,6 +3533,31 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | | 3p | | lesið | lesið | lesuð | lesask | +*** ligg(ja) +wv. {{{phon(liɡ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#liggja][liggja]] + +1. to lie, to be in a horizontal position, to rest or recline, + especially on a surface +2. to be situated, to be located, to occupy a particular place or + position + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: ligg +- imperative :: ligg +- imperative passive voice :: liggask +- present participle :: liggand +- past participle :: liggit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | liggjar | liggir | lá | liggumk | +| 2s | | liggjar | liggir | lá | ligdisk | +| 3s | | liggjar | liggir | lá | ligdisk | +| 1p | | liggum | liggim | lággum | liggumk | +| 2p | | liggið | liggið | lágguð | ligdisk | +| 3p | | liggið | liggið | lágguð | ligdisk | + *** list wn.f. {{{phon(liʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#list][list]] @@ -3370,11 +3729,55 @@ She looked at her house. | 3sf.NOM | look-3s.PST.IND | at | house-DEF | oneself.GEN | #+html: ::: +*** ljós +sn.n. {{{phon(ljɔ̀s)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lj%C3%B3s][ljós]] + +1. light, the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things + visible +2. illumination, the act or process of supplying or distributing light +3. brightness, the quality or state of being bright, used in + scientific contexts, refering to the specific amount of brightness, + see also [[file:./dictionary.md#birt-i][birt(i)]] + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | ljós | ljósit | ljós | ljósitr | +| Acc. | ljós | ljósit | ljós | ljósit | +| Dat. | ljós | ljósit | ljósum | ljósitum | +| Gen. | ljóss | ljósits | ljóss | ljósit | + *** lok(a) sv. {{{phon(lok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#loka2][loka]] -1. to close -2. to shut, to shut down +1. to finish, to complete, to bring something to an end + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Hann lokt verkit + + He finished the work + #+html: ::: +2. to close, to shut, to move something so that it covers or blocks an opening + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Han lokt dyrinn + + She closed the door + #+html: ::: +3. to shut, to shut down + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Lokt þú vétalat? + + Did you shut down the computer? + #+html: ::: +4. to lock, to secure something so that it cannot be opened without a + key or special means + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Hann lokt dyrinn með lykilit + + He locked the door with the key + #+html: ::: Declensions: - infinitive :: lok @@ -3393,6 +3796,8 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | | 3p | | lokið | lokið | lokuð | lokask | +*** + *** lykil wn.m. {{{phon(lykil)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/l.php#lykill][lykill]] @@ -3746,6 +4151,28 @@ has already been up for some time by then. *** mœð See [[file:./dictionary.md#moð][móð]] +*** mœt(a) +wv. {{{phon(mœ̀t)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/m.php#m%C3%A6ta][mǿta]] + +1. to meet, to encounter, to come together by chance or arrangement + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: mœt +- imperative :: mœt +- imperative passive voice :: mœtask +- present participle :: mœtand +- past participle :: mœtit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+-------+---------| +| 1s | | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœtumk | +| 2s | | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœttisk | +| 3s | | mœtar | mœtir | mœtt | mœttisk | +| 1p | | mœtum | mœtim | mœtum | mœtumk | +| 2p | | mœtið | mœtið | mœtuð | mœttisk | +| 3p | | mœtið | mœtið | mœtuð | mœttisk | + ** N *** nakt adj. {{{phon(nɑkt)}}} @@ -4007,6 +4434,16 @@ conj. {{{phon(ok)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#ok-A][ok]] 1. and +*** ov +adv. {{{phon(oβ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#of3-1][of]] + +1. too, excessively, to a degree or extent that is more than is + necessary, acceptable, or desirable +2. very, extremely, to a great degree or extent + +/Of/ can be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs to indicate excess +or emphasis. + *** opin adj. {{{phon(ˈopin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/o.php#opinn][opinn]] @@ -4672,6 +5109,37 @@ See [[file:./dictionary.md#klað-a][kláð]] for declensions. Since I was sick, I didn’t come. #+html: ::: +*** send(a) +wv. {{{phon(send)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#senda][senda]] + +1. to send, to dispatch, to cause something to be taken or transmitted + to another location or person + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Ek sendt brévit + + I sent the letter + #+html: ::: +2. to emit, to transmit, to give off or release something, such as + light, sound, or a signal + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: send +- imperative :: send +- imperative passive voice :: sendask +- present participle :: sendand +- past participle :: sendit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | sendar | sendir | sendt | sendumk | +| 2s | | sendar | sendir | sendt | senðisk | +| 3s | | sendar | sendir | sendt | senðisk | +| 1p | | sendum | sendim | sendum | sendumk | +| 2p | | sendið | sendið | senduð | senðisk | +| 3p | | sendið | sendið | senduð | senðisk | + *** sél adj. {{{phon(sɛ̀l)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ll][séll]] @@ -4690,8 +5158,8 @@ adj. {{{phon(sɛ̀l)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s%C3%A6ll][ | Dat. | sélum | sélum | | Gen. | sélar | sélr | -*** sitj(a) -iv. {{{phon(siʃː)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]] +*** sit(ja) +iv. {{{phon(sit)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitja#Old_Norse][sitja]] 1. to sit 2. to represent (politics) @@ -4871,7 +5339,22 @@ sn.m. {{{phon(ʃkɑp)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#skap][skap] | Dat. | skap | skapin | skapum | skapinum | | Gen. | skapar | skapins | skapar | skapin | -*** skilj(a) +*** skáp +sn.m. {{{phon(ʃkɛ̀p)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sk%C3%A1pr][skápr]] + +1. cabinet, a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, or + compartments for storing or displaying items +2. cuboard, a closed cabinet with doors, used for storing kitchen + utensils, dishes, or food + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | skápr | skápinn | skápr | skápinn | +| Acc. | skáp | skápin | skáp | skápin | +| Dat. | skáp | skápin | skápum | skápinum | +| Gen. | skápar | skápins | skápar | skápin | + +*** skil(ja) sv. {{{phon(ʃkiːʎ)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/skilja#Old_Norse][skilja]] 1. to differenciate @@ -5062,6 +5545,44 @@ iv. {{{phon(smɛ̀rsoβ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smar][smár]] and [[fil See [[file:./dictionary.md#sov-a][sov(a)]] for conjugaison. +*** smer +sn.n. {{{phon(smer)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#smj%C3%B6r][smer]] + +1. butter + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | smer | smerit | smer | smeritr | +| Acc. | smer | smerit | smer | smerit | +| Dat. | smer | smerit | smerum | smeritum | +| Gen. | smers | smerits | smers | smerit | + +*** smer(a) +wv. {{{phon(smer)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#smer][smer]] + +1. to spread butter +2. to smooth over; to make something smooth or even, often used + figuratively to resolve disagreements or difficulties +3. to flatter; to praise someone excessively, often insincerely, to + gain favour + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: smer +- imperative :: smer +- imperative passive voice :: smerask +- present participle :: smerand +- past participle :: smerit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| +| 1s | | smerar | smerir | smert | smerumk | +| 2s | | smerar | smerir | smert | smerðisk | +| 3s | | smerar | smerir | smert | smerðisk | +| 1p | | smerum | smerim | smerum | smerumk | +| 2p | | smerið | smerið | smeruð | smerðisk | +| 3p | | smerið | smerið | smeruð | smerðisk | + *** snár sn.m. {{{phon(snɛ̀r)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/snj%C3%B3r#Old_Norse][snjór]] @@ -5235,6 +5756,19 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(ʃpelː)}}} | Dat. | spell | spellit | spellum | spellitum | | Gen. | spells | spellits | spells | spellit | +*** stað +sn.m. {{{phon(ʃtɑð)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sta%C3%B0r][staðr]] + +1. place, location, a particular position, point, or area in space +2. site, spot, specific location or position + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | staðr | staðinn | staðr | staðinn | +| Acc. | stað | staðin | stað | staðin | +| Dat. | stað | staðin | staðum | staðinum | +| Gen. | staðar | staðins | staðar | staðin | + *** staðug adj. {{{phon(ˈʃtɑð.oɣ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#st%C3%B6%C3%B0ugr][stǫðugr]] @@ -5386,6 +5920,20 @@ Declensions: | 2p | | stóðið | stóðið | stóðuð | stóðask | | 3p | | stóðið | stóðið | stóðuð | stóðask | +*** stól +sn.m. {{{phon(ʃtɔ̀l)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#st%C3%B3ll][stóll]] + +1. chair, a piece of furniture designed for sitting on, typically + having a seat, legs, and a back +2. seat, a place or position designed for sitting + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | stóll | stólinn | stóll | stólinn | +| Acc. | stól | stólin | stól | stólin | +| Dat. | stól | stólin | stólum | stólinum | +| Gen. | stólar | stólins | stólar | stólin | + *** styrsamhald(i) sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#styrr][styrr]] (stir, battle) and [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#samheldi][samhaldi]] (a holding together, unity). @@ -5400,6 +5948,19 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(ˈʃtyrˌsamhald)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#s | Dat. | styrsamhald | styrsamhaldit | styrsamhaldum | styrsamhalditum | | Gen. | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldits | styrsamhalds | styrsamhaldit | +*** sumar +sn.n. {{{phon(ˈsumɑr)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sumar][sumar]] + +1. summer, the warmst season of the year, typically occurring from + June to September in Eittland + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+----------+---------+-----------| +| Nom. | sumar | sumarit | sumar | sumaritr | +| Acc. | sumar | sumarit | sumar | sumarit | +| Dat. | sumar | sumarit | sumarum | sumaritum | +| Gen. | sumars | sumarits | sumars | sumarit | + *** sunn(a) wn.f. {{{phon(sunː)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sunna][sunna]] @@ -5503,6 +6064,30 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(sβèn)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#sv%C3%ADn] | Dat. | svín | svínit | svínum | svínitum | | Gen. | svíns | svínits | svíns | svínit | +*** syng(ja) +wv. {{{phon(syŋ)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#syngja][syngja]] + +1. to sing, to produce musical sounds with the voice +2. to chant, to intone; to recite or utter in a melodic or rythmic + manner, often in a ritual or ceremonial context + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: syng +- imperative :: syng +- imperative passive voice :: syngask +- present participle :: syngand +- past participle :: syngit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+---------+----------| +| 1s | | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngjumk | +| 2s | | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngðisk | +| 3s | | syngjar | syngir | syngt | syngðisk | +| 1p | | syngjum | syngim | syngjum | syngjumk | +| 2p | | syngið | syngið | syngjuð | syngðisk | +| 3p | | syngið | syngið | syngjuð | syngðisk | + *** syst sn.f. {{{phon(syʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/s.php#systir][systir]] @@ -5557,7 +6142,7 @@ Declensions: **** Noun wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][tala]] -1. number +1. number, an abstract entity that represents a specific quantity | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+------+---------+-------+---------| @@ -5569,13 +6154,17 @@ wn.f. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tala#Old_Norse][ **** Verb wv. {{{phon(tal)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#tala2][tala]] -1. to talk, to speak +1. to talk, to speak, to communicate using words +2. to recite, to declaim, to speak or read aloud, especially in a + formal or ceremonial context +3. to express, to articulate, to convey thoughts or feelings through + speech - With prepositions: - - tal til :: to talk to someone - - tal um :: to talk about - - tal eftir :: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words - - tal á málskipan :: to speak a language +With prepositions: +- tal til :: to talk to someone +- tal um :: to talk about +- tal eftir :: to retract a statement, to go back on one’s words +- tal á málskipan :: to speak a language Declensions: - infinitive :: tal @@ -5649,7 +6238,42 @@ sn.f. {{{phon(tɛ̀n)}}}, from EON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#t%C3%B6nn] *** til prep. {{{phon(til)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/t.php#til-A][til]] -1. to, towards, till (literally and figuratively) +This preposition indicates direction, purpose, or destination towards +something. It triggers the dative case. + +1. to, towards, used to indicate direction or destination, often with + a sense of purpose or goal. + + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Hann fert til borgin + + He went to the city + + - Ek sendt brévit til vininum + + I sent the letter to friends + #+html: ::: + + Unlike [[file:./dictionary.md#að][að]], /til/ emphasizes more on the goal itself or the purpose of + the action. + + Some dialects also simply prefer to use /til/ rather than [[file:./dictionary.md#að][að]]. +2. for, used to indicate the beneficiary or recipient of an action + #+html: ::: tip Example + - Þett es gef til þér + + This is a gift for you + - Ek gerð þett til stóð þér + + I did this to support you + #+html: ::: +3. until, used to indicate a point in time up to which something happens + + #+html: ::: tip Example + Vár vinnum til verkit sé lokin + + We work until the work is finished + #+html: ::: **** til ná 1. adv. still @@ -6117,6 +6741,53 @@ wn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪshɑɪt)}}}, from German [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ | Dat. | veisheit | veisheitit | veisheitum | veisheititum | | Gen. | veisheits | veisheitits | veisheits | veisheitit | +*** veit(a) +wv. {{{phon(βɑɪt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#veita][veita]] + +1. to give, to provide, to transfer possession or control of something + to someone +2. to grant, to bestow, to confer or award something to someone +3. to serve, to attend, to perform duties or services for someone + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: veit +- imperative :: veit +- imperative passive voice :: veitask +- present participle :: veitand +- past participle :: veitit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+----------| +| 1s | | veitar | veitir | veitt | veitumk | +| 2s | | veitar | veitir | veitt | veittisk | +| 3s | | veitar | veitir | veitt | veittisk | +| 1p | | veitum | veitim | veitum | veitumk | +| 2p | | veitið | veitið | veituð | veittisk | +| 3p | | veitið | veitið | veituð | veittisk | + +*** veiting +sn.f. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪtˌeŋ)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#veit-a][veit(a)]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#ing][-ing]] + +1. serving, provision, the act of providing or serving something, + especially food or drink +2. meal, dish, a prepared serving of food + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+-----------+------------+-----------+-------------| +| Nom. | veitingr | veitinginn | veitingr | veitinginn | +| Acc. | veiting | veitingin | veiting | veitingin | +| Dat. | veiting | veitingin | veitingum | veitinginum | +| Gen. | veitingar | veitingins | veitingar | veitingin | + +*** veitingstað +sn.m. {{{phon(ˈβɑɪteŋˌʃtɑð)}}}, from [[file:./dictionary.md#veiting][veiting]] and [[file:./dictionary.md#stað][stað]] + +1. restaurant, dining place, an establishment where meals are served + to customers + +For declensions, see [[file:./dictionary.md#stað][stað]]. + *** vel adv. {{{phon(βel)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vel][vel]] @@ -6180,11 +6851,12 @@ sn.n. {{{phon(βerk)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#verk][verk]] 1. work, the activities or tasks performed as part of one’s job or occupation -2. business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity -3. project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a +2. task, a piece of work to be done or undertaken +3. business, a commercial or industrial enterprise or activity +4. project, a planned undertaking or endeavour, typically involving a series of tasks or activities aimed at achieving a specific goal -4. a large or complex task or assignment -5. a collaborative effort involving multiple participants +5. a large or complex task or assignment +6. a collaborative effort involving multiple participants | | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | |------+-------+---------+--------+----------| @@ -6221,6 +6893,19 @@ adv. {{{phon(βeʃt)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vestr][vestr 1. West, westward +*** vetr +in.m. {{{phon(βetr̩)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vetr-A][vetr]] + +1. winter, the coldest season of the year, typically occuring from + November to March in Eittland + +| | Sg. | Def.Sg. | Pl. | Def.Pl. | +|------+--------+---------+--------+----------| +| Nom. | vetr | vetrinn | vetr | vetrinn | +| Acc. | vetr | vetrin | vetr | vetrin | +| Dat. | vetr | vetrin | vetrum | vetrinum | +| Gen. | vetrar | vetrins | vetrar | vetrin | + *** vél sn.f. {{{phon(βɛl)}}}, from ON [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A9l#Old_Norse][vél]] @@ -6359,6 +7044,33 @@ wn.n. {{{phon(ˈβindˌɔ̀j)}}}, from [[file:dictionary.md#vind][vind]] and [[f | Dat. | vindaug | vindaugat | vindaugum | vindaugatum | | Gen. | vindaugas | vindaugats | vindaugas | vindaugat | +*** vinn(a) +wv. {{{phon(βin)}}}, from ON [[https://old-norse.net/html/v.php#vinna-A][vinna]] + +1. to work, to labour, to engage in physical or mental activity in + order to achieve a result or earn a living +2. to win, to gain, to achieve victory or success in a competition or + contest +3. to gain, to obtain, to acquire something through effort or + achievement + +Declensions: +- infinitive :: vinn +- imperative :: vinn +- imperative passive voice :: vinnask +- present participle :: vinnand +- past participle :: vinnit + +| | | | | | | +| person | | Ind. Pres. | Subj. Pres. | Past | Passive | +|--------+---+------------+-------------+--------+---------| +| 1s | | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnumk | +| 2s | | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnsk | +| 3s | | vinnar | vinnir | vinnt | vinnask | +| 1p | | vinnum | vinnim | vinnum | vinnumk | +| 2p | | vinnið | vinnið | vinnuð | vinnask | +| 3p | | vinnið | vinnið | vinnuð | vinnask | + *** vit interj. {{{phon(βit)}}}