#+title: Spacemacs Configuration
#+setupfile: ../headers
#+OPTIONS: auto-id:t
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta name="description" content="Phundrak’s Spacemacs Configuration" />
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:title" content="Phundrak’s Spacemacs Configuration" />
#+HTML_HEAD_EXTRA: <meta property="og:description" content="Phundrak’s Spacemacs Configuration Detailed" />
#+PROPERTY: header-args: :mkdirp yes :lexical t

* Introduction
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Introduction-f1cbb8bb
:END:
#+begin_center
*Before proceeding, be aware that I deprecated this i3 config on October 20th 2021, meaning I won’t update it anymore unless I use it again some day in the future. I will keep it on my website though.*
#+end_center

This file is the main source file for my Spacemacs configuration which
contains most of the user code. It is exported thanks to Emacs’ code
tangling from the original Org file which you can find on my dotfiles’
repository[fn:1] if you are reading the web version of it. You can
also find there my ~.spacemacs~[fn:2] and its code which isn’t part of
the present file. As you can see in my ~.spacemacs~, at init-time, if
Emacs detects the tangled configuration files are older than the Org
file, then Emacs tangles them again, and then loads them.

* Spacemacs layers and packages
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-6d318b87
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :mkdirp yes :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/spacemacs-layers.el :exports code :results silent :lexical t
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
#+END_SRC

Here will be our layer configuration set. Everything here is set with a
~setq-default~ in the ~dotspacemacs/layers~ function like so:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(defun dotspacemacs/layers ()
  (setq-default
   ;; configuration goes here
   ))
#+END_SRC

** General configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-General_configuration-66b4311e
:END:
First, we need to tell Spacemacs which base distribution we are using. This is a
layer contained in the directory ~+distribution~. For now, available
distributions are ~spacemacs-base~ and ~spacemacs~ (the default one).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-distribution 'spacemacs)
#+END_SRC

We can seet a lazy installation of layers —i.e. layers are installed only when a
file with a supported type is opened. Possible values are:
- ~all~ :: will lazy install any layer that support lazy installation even the
  layers listed in ~dotspacemacs-configuration-layers~
- ~unused~ :: will lazy install only unused layers (i.e. layers not listed in
  the variable ~dotspacemacs-configuration-layers~)
- ~nil~ :: disables the lazy installation feature and you have to explicitly
  list a layer in the variable ~dotspacemacs-configuration-layers~ to install
  it.
The default value is ~unused~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-enable-lazy-installation nil)
#+END_SRC

If the following variable is non-nil, Spacemacs will ask for confirmation before
installing a layer lazily. The default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-ask-for-lazy-installation t)
#+END_SRC

** Package management
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Package_management-0add1a62
:END:
It is possible to indicate to Spacemacs a list of additional paths where to look
for configuration layers. Paths must have a trailing slash, i.e.
=~/.mycontribs/=. As you can see, I added only one:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layer-path
              '("~/fromGIT/emacs-packages"))
#+END_SRC

However, I do have additional packages I installed either from the Elpa or the
Melpa. These are set in ~dotspacemacs-additional-packages~, a list of additional
packages that will be installed without being wrapped in a layer. If I need some
configuration for these packages, then I should consider creating a layer. I can
also puth the configuration in ~dotspacemacs/user-config~. To use a local
version of a package, use the ~:location~ property, for instance:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
'(your-package :location "~/path/to/your-package/")
#+END_SRC

With the variable ~dotspacemacs-additional-packages~, it is possible to install
extra packages which are not already included in any layers. Dependencies should
be explicitly included as they won’t be resolved automatically. Here is a table
of all the extra packages I use:
#+NAME: extra-packages
| name of the package        | why is it installed                                    |
|----------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------|
| caddyfile-mode             | Major mode for editing Caddyfiles                      |
| dired-git-info             | Git information in Dired buffers                       |
| diredfl                    | Extra font lock rules for a more colourful dired       |
| edit-indirect              | edit region in separate buffer                         |
| elcord                     | rich integration of Emacs in Discord                   |
| eshell-syntax-highlighting | Syntax highlighting for Eshell                         |
| info-colors                | Extra colors for Emacs's Info-mode                     |
| multiple-cursors           | I don’t like the layer, I prefer this package alone    |
| ob-latex-as-png            | Inline arbitrary LaTeX snippets as PNGs in Emacs       |
| org-sidebar                | display on the side the outline of an Org buffer       |
| org-tree-slide             | presentation tool for org-mode                         |
| outorg                     | edit comments as Org-mode buffers                      |
| ox-ssh                     | SSH config export for org-mode                         |
| pinentry                   | enter a GPG password from Emacs                        |
| nord-theme                 | An arctic, north-bluish clean and elegant Emacs theme. |
| s                          | The long lost Emacs string manipulation library.       |
| sicp                       | Texinfo version of the [[https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/sicp/index.html][SICP]]                            |
| visual-fill-column         | allow the use of ~fill-column~ in ~visual-line-mode~       |
| wrap-region                | easily wrap region with delimiters                     |
| wttrin                     | weather in Emacs                                       |
| yasnippet-snippets         | snippets for YaSnippet                                 |

#+name: make-extra-pkg
#+begin_src emacs-lisp :var packages=extra-packages[,0] :tangle no :exports none
(mapcar 'make-symbol packages)
#+end_src

#+begin_src emacs-lisp :noweb yes :exports none
(setq-default dotspacemacs-additional-packages '<<make-extra-pkg()>>)
#+end_src

It is possible to also list packages that cannot be updated:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-frozen-packages '(helm-icons))
#+END_SRC

And to list packages which won’t be installed nor loaded:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-excluded-packages '(company-tern))
#+END_SRC

Finally, it is possible to define the behaviour of Spacemacs when installing
packages. Possible values are:
- ~used-only~ :: installs only explicitly used packages and deletes any unused
  packages as well as their unused dependencies
- ~used-but-keep-unused~ :: installs only the used packages but won’t delete
  unused ones
- ~all~  ::  installs *all* packages supported by Spacemacs and never uninstalls
  them.
The default value is ~used-only~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-install-packages 'used-only)
#+END_SRC

** Layers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-36e1c90c
:END:
All layers are set one variable: ~dotspacemacs-configuration-layers~. This
variable is a list of layers, some of them will have some custom variables.
Typically, the variable will be set like so:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
              '(emacs-lisp
                helm
                multiple-cursors
                org
                (shell :variables shell-default-height 30
                                  shell-default-position 'bottom)
                treemacs))
#+END_SRC

# Don’t delete this code block, it wraps the layers
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers '(
#+END_SRC

*** Checkers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Checkers-aefeae26
:END:
The two first checkers I use are for spell and syntax checking. ~spell-checking~
is disabled by default, however it should auto-detect the dictionary to use.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spell-checking :variables
                spell-checking-enable-by-default nil
                spell-checking-enable-auto-dictionary t)
syntax-checking
#+END_SRC

*** Completion
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Completion-883e2b83
:END:
~auto-completion~ is a layer enabled in order to provide auto-completion to all
supported language layers. It is set so that the =RET= key has no behavior with
this layer, however the =TAB= key cycles between candidates displayed by the
auto-completion toolbox. I also want the autocompletion to include snippets in
the popup, and the content of the popup is sorted by usage. It is also disabled
for two modes: magit and Org.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(auto-completion :variables
                 auto-completion-complete-with-key-sequence-delay 0.2
                 auto-completion-enable-help-tooltip 'manual
                 auto-completion-enable-sort-by-usage t
                 :disabled-for
                 org
                 git)
#+END_SRC

~helm~ is also enabled, with its header disabled.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(helm :variables helm-no-header t)
#+END_SRC

*** Email
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Email-67c16308
:END:
I use as my daily Email client ~mu4e~, so let’s enable it and tell Emacs where
mu4e is installed. I also tell mu4e to use maildirs extensions, use async
operations, where to keep attachments, and enable the mu4e modeline.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(mu4e :variables
      mu4e-installation-path "/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp"
      mu4e-use-maildirs-extension t
      mu4e-enable-mode-line t
      mu4e-attachment-dir "~/Documents/mu4e")
#+END_SRC

*** Emacs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Emacs-8e976e5c
:END:
The first layer enabled in this category is ~better-defaults~. I also made it so
that when a command equivalent to ~C-a~ or ~C-e~ is pressed, the cursor will
respectively first move to the beginning of code first before going past the
indentation and to the end of the code before going to the end of the line
before going over the end of the comments on the same line.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(better-defaults :variables
                 better-defaults-move-to-beginning-of-code-first t
                 better-defaults-move-to-end-of-code-first t)
#+END_SRC

I also enabled ~ibuffer~ and made it so that buffers are sorted by projects.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(ibuffer :variables
         ibuffer-group-buffers-by 'projects)
#+END_SRC

Most important of all, the ~org~ layer is also enabled. I enabled support for
Epub exports, Github, Reveal.JS exports, and sticky headers. Project support is
also enabled through files named ~TODOs.org~. I also set the org-download folder
for images in =~/Pictures/org/=, and I set the =RET= key to follow org links if
the cursor is on one.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(org :variables
     org-enable-epub-support t
     org-enable-github-support t
     org-enable-hugo-support t
     org-enable-reveal-js-support t
     org-enable-sticky-header t
     org-enable-appear-support t
     spaceline-org-clock-p t
     org-projectile-file "TODOs.org"
     org-download-image-dir "~/Pictures/org/"
     org-return-follows-link t)
#+END_SRC

The ~semantic~ layer is also enabled.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
semantic
#+END_SRC

*** File trees
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-File_trees-5b6ed3e4
:END:
In this category, I only enabled one layer: ~treemacs~. In this layer, I set is
so that treemacs syncs with my current buffer, and it automatically refreshes
its buffer when there is a change in the part of the file system shown by
treemacs.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(treemacs :variables
          treemacs-use-follow-mode t
          treemacs-use-filewatch-mode t)
#+END_SRC

*** Fonts
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Fonts-11de8977
:END:
In this category, again, one layer is enabled: ~unicode-fonts~. This layer
addssupport for the ~unicode-fonts~ package.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(unicode-fonts :variables
               unicode-fonts-enable-ligatures t
               unicode-fonts-ligature-modes '(prog-mode)
               unicode-fonts-ligature-set '("|||>" "<|||" "<==>" "<!--" "####" "~~>" "***" "||=" "||>"
                                            ":::" "::=" "=:=" "===" "==>" "=!=" "=>>" "=<<" "=/=" "!=="
                                            "!!." ">=>" ">>=" ">>>" ">>-" ">->" "->>" "-->" "---" "-<<"
                                            "<~~" "<~>" "<*>" "<||" "<|>" "<$>" "<==" "<=>" "<=<" "<->"
                                            "<--" "<-<" "<<=" "<<-" "<<<" "<+>" "</>" "###" "#_(" "..<"
                                            "..." "+++" "/==" "///" "_|_" "www" "&&" "^=" "~~" "~@" "~="
                                            "~>" "~-" "**" "*>" "*/" "||" "|}" "|]" "|=" "|>" "|-" "{|"
                                            "[|" "]#" "::" ":=" ":>" ":<" "$>" "==" "=>" "!=" "!!" ">:"
                                            ">=" ">>" ">-" "-~" "-|" "->" "--" "-<" "<~" "<*" "<|" "<:"
                                            "<$" "<=" "<>" "<-" "<<" "<+" "</" "#{" "#[" "#:" "#=" "#!"
                                            "##" "#(" "#?" "#_" "%%" ".=" ".-" ".." ".?" "+>" "++" "?:"
                                            "?=" "?." "??" ";;" "/*" "/=" "/>" "//" "__" "~~" "(*" "*)"
                                            "\\\\" "://"))
#+END_SRC

*** Fun
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Fun-0728c04c
:END:
In this category, I only enabled two layers: ~selectric~ and ~xkcd~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
selectric xkcd
#+END_SRC

*** Internationalization
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Internationalization-69601ff8
:END:
In this category, I enabled the ~keyboard-layout~ layer to enable compatibility
with the bépo layout. This layer, however, is disabled for magit, Dired and eww.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(keyboard-layout :variables
                 kl-layout 'bepo
                 kl-disabled-configurations '(magit dired eww))
#+END_SRC

*** Programming languages
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Programming_languages-4c318b81
:END:
**** Domain-specific (DSLs)
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Programming_languages-Domain-specific_(DSLs)-2c919937
:END:
In this category, I enabled support for the ~major-modes~ layer for the Arch
Linux PKGBUILDs support, ~emacs-lisp~ and ~scheme~ layers, support for the CSV
format with the ~csv~ layer, the ~yaml~ language, shell scripting languages and
support for the ~dot~ tool with the ~graphviz~ layer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
major-modes emacs-lisp scheme graphviz yaml shell-scripts
#+END_SRC

I also added support for HTML and CSS with the ~html~ layer, with the web
formatting tool set to ~web-beautify~, and the LSP layer compatibility enabled
for CSS, less, SCSS and HTML.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(html :variables
      web-fmt-tool 'web-beautify
      css-enable-lsp t
      less-enable-lsp t
      scss-enable-lsp t
      html-enable-lsp t)
#+END_SRC

The ~json~ layer is also enabled, with the format tool set to ~web-beautify~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(json :variables
      json-fmt-tool 'web-beautify)
#+END_SRC

The LaTeX layer has also been enabled, with its default compiler set to XeLaTeX.
I also enabled the auto-fill feature, the folding capacity and the “magic”
symbols.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(latex :variables
       latex-build-command "xelatex"
       latex-enable-auto-fill t
       latex-enable-folding t
       latex-enable-magic t)
#+END_SRC

The Markdown layer has been enabled, with support for live preview with ~vmd~,
and and automatic MMM-mode generation for C, C++, Python, Rust and Emacs Lisp.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(markdown :variables
          markdown-live-preview-engine 'vmd
          markdown-mmm-auto-modes '("c"
                                    "c++"
                                    "python"
                                    "rust"
                                    ("elisp" "emacs-lisp")))
#+END_SRC

PlantUML is a very useful DSL for creating UML diagrams from some text
description. As you can see below, this layer will be enabled, both as a
standalone mode for opening ~.pum~ files, but also for org-mode code blocks.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(plantuml :variables
          plantuml-jar-path "~/.local/bin/plantuml.jar"
          org-plantuml-jar-path "~/.local/bin/plantuml.jar")
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(bibtex :variables
        org-ref-default-bibliography '("~/Documents/Papers/references.bib")
        org-ref-pdf-directory "~/Documents/Papers"
        org-ref-bibliography-notes "~/Documents/Papers/notes.org")
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
csv
#+END_SRC

**** Frameworks
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Programming_languages-Frameworks-f7c21585
:END:
Only one framework support has been enabled so far, and is is for the Django
framework.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
django
#+END_SRC

**** General-purpose
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Programming_languages-General-purpose-1ed71a5b
:END:
Among the layers I activated, the only one without any specific configuration is
the ~asm~ layer for the Assembly language.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
asm
#+END_SRC

Next, you can find the C/C++ layer for which I set the default language for ~.h~
files to be C. I also enabled support for subprojects and organization of the
include directives on a file save. I also set a couple of LSP-related variables,
such as the LSP executable for C/C++ for its CCLS backend and some highlight
variables.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(c-c++ :variables
       c-c++-default-mode-for-headers 'c-mode
       c-c++-adopt-subprojects t
       c-c++-enable-c++11 t
       c-c++-backend 'lsp-clangd
       c-c++-lsp-enable-semantic-highlight t
       c-c++-lsp-semantic-highlight-method 'overlay
       c-c++-lsp-semantic-highlight-rainbow t
       c++-enable-organize-includes-on-save t)
#+END_SRC

Dart has also been enabled, with a custom path to the SDK of the Dart server,
and to the LSP server of Dart.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(dart :variables
      lsp-dart-project-sdk-dir "/opt/dart-sdk/"
      lsp-dart-sdk-dir "/opt/dart-sdk/")
#+END_SRC

When it comes to the Python layer, I set its backend and formatter to be bound
to the LSP layer. Its fill columnn was also set to 80 characters, imports are
sorted on save, and the tests can be run using either nose.el or pytest.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(python :variables
        python-fill-column 80
        python-test-runner '(pytest nose))
#+END_SRC

With the Rust layer, the only custom configuration set is the backend being
bound to the LSP layer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(rust :variables rust-backend 'lsp)
#+END_SRC

As regards the JavaScript layer, I set its backend to the LSP layer, and bound
its format tool to ~web-beautify~ and its REPL is browser-based. I also want to
include ~node_modules/.bin~ to be automatically added to the buffer local
~exec_path~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(javascript :variables
            javascript-backend 'lsp
            javascript-fmt-tool 'web-beautify
            javascript-repl 'skewer
            node-add-modules-path t)
#+END_SRC

Alternatively, I also use Typescript which is a sort of better Javascript as it
should have been, with the LSP backend.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(typescript :variables
            typescript-backend 'lsp)
#+END_SRC

I am also currently using the Awesome window manager which requires the Lua
programming language, so here it is.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(lua :variables
     lua-backend 'lsp-emmy
     lua-lsp-emmy-jar-path "~/.config/awesome/EmmyLua-LS-all.jar"
     lua-lsp-emmy-java-path "java"
     lua-lsp-emmy-enable-file-watchers t)
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(php :variables php-backend 'lsp)
#+END_SRC

*** Readers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Readers-65e8e4ae
:END:
**** Epub and Pdf readers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Readers-Epub_and_Pdf_readers-0ef6688f
:END:
In this category, only the ~epub~ and ~pdf~ layers are enabled without any
special configuration, so I can read these files from Emacs directly.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
epub pdf
#+END_SRC

**** Elfeed
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Readers-Elfeed-78877179
:END:
Elfeed is an Emacs feeed and RSS reader which can be managed through org files.
Actually, through only one file in my case, located in my =~/org= directory.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(elfeed :variables
        rmh-elfeed-org-files '("~/org/elfeed.org"))
#+END_SRC

*** Version control
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Version_control-bc8e286a
:END:
Only the ~git~ layer is enabled in this category.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
git
#+END_SRC

*** Themes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Themes-d88d1225
:END:
Here, the ~colors~ layer is the only one enabled. It activates support for
identifiers colorization, and strings representing colors.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
colors
#+END_SRC

*** Tools
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Tools-e57e405e
:END:
In this category, the first layer to be enabled is the CMake layer for which I
enabled support for the ~cmake-ide~ package.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(cmake :variables
       cmake-enable-cmake-ide-support t)
#+END_SRC

Next, we have the Docker, Nginx, Pass (the standard Unix password manager),
Prettier, Systemd, Meson, Imenu-list, Web-beautify, Dap, and Helpful.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
dap docker helpful imenu-list meson nginx pass prettier systemd web-beautify
#+END_SRC

Of course, let’s not forget about the awesome LSP layer:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(lsp :variables lsp-lens-enable t
                lsp-use-lsp-ui t
                lsp-rust-server 'rust-analyzer)
#+END_SRC

We also have the RestClient layer enabled for which I enabled the Org
compatibility support.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(restclient :variables
            restclient-use-org t)
#+END_SRC

LanguageTool works with Flyspell and will check for grammatical issues in my
english texts.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(languagetool :variables
              langtool-default-language "en-US"
              languagetool-show-error-on-jump t
              langtool-java-classpath "/usr/share/languagetool:/usr/share/java/languagetool/*")
#+END_SRC


And finally, we also have the Shell layer for which I specified its default
height when spawning at the bottom of the screen should be 40 lines high, and
the default shell to invoke is Eshell.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(shell :variables
       shell-default-height 40
       shell-default-position 'bottom
       shell-default-shell 'eshell)
#+END_SRC

*** Web Services
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Web_Services-c2888251
:END:
In this category, I have only enabled a layer for Twitter support.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
twitter
#+END_SRC

*** Custom layers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Spacemacs_layers_and_packages-Layers-Custom_layers-69473533
:END:
Lastly, one custom layers have been enabled: my custom layer for conlanging
tools.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
conlanging
#+END_SRC

# Don’t delete this code block, it wraps the layers
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
))
#+END_SRC

* Init
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :mkdirp yes :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/spacemacs-init.el :exports code :results silent :lexical t
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-99a4b561
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
#+END_SRC

The ~dotspacemacs/init~ function is the one called at the very begining of the
Spacemacs startup, before any kind of configuration, including the layer
configuration. Only the values of the Spacemacs settings should be modified
here. By default, every values are set in a ~setq-default~ sexp, and they
represent all the supported Spacemacs settings. Hence, the function looks like
this:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(defun dotspacemacs/init ()
  (setq-default
   ;; default Spacemacs configuration here
   ))
#+END_SRC

** Handling my Spacemacs litterate config
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no :exports code :results silent :lexical t
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Handling-my-Spacemacs-litterate-config-679170db
:END:
Just before we get onto the usual content of the ~dotspacemacs/init~ function
you would find in a typical Spacemacs installation, I would like to talk a bit
about how I manage writing a litterate config for Spacemacs and ensure Emacs
starts with an up-to-date configuration from said litterate config. For that, I
actually declared a couple of variables:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-src-dir "~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/"
  "Directory for my exported Elisp configuration files")
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-src "~/org/config/emacs.org"
  "My litterate config file for Emacs")
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-si (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-src-dir "spacemacs-init"))
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-sl (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-src-dir "spacemacs-layers"))
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-uc (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-src-dir "user-config"))
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-ui (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-src-dir "user-init"))
(defvar phundrak--dotspacemacs-files (list phundrak--dotspacemacs-si phundrak--dotspacemacs-sl
                                           phundrak--dotspacemacs-uc phundrak--dotspacemacs-ui))
#+END_SRC
I also declared the following function that tells me if my Elisp files are more
recent than my ~emacs.org~ file. The ~compiled?~ argument lets me compare either
the ~.el~ files if it is ~nil~, or the ~.elc~ files if it is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-update-config-files-p (&optional compiled?)
  "Verify if any of my exported Elisp configuration files are
newer than my litterate configuration.

If `COMPILED?' is `t', check the `.elc' files instead of the
`.el' files."
  (catch 'ret
    (dolist (file phundrak--dotspacemacs-files)
      (when (file-newer-than-file-p phundrak--dotspacemacs-src
                                    (format "%s.%s"
                                            file
                                            (if compiled? "elc" "el")))
        (throw 'ret t)))))
#+END_SRC

Now I know a couple of my files that get exported by this document. If I compare
how recent these files are compared to my litterate config, I know if Emacs
missed tangling its configuration before launching, so if any of my ~si~, ~sl~,
~uc~, or ~ui~ files are older than my ~emacs.org~, then I’ll tangle the latter;
and since my user config is growing longer and longer, I want Emacs to be able
to parse it fast next time it boots, so let’s compile my exported ~.el~ files!
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(when (or (file-newer-than-file-p phundrak--dotspacemacs-src (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-si ".el"))
            (file-newer-than-file-p phundrak--dotspacemacs-src (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-sl ".el"))
            (file-newer-than-file-p phundrak--dotspacemacs-src (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-ui ".el"))
            (file-newer-than-file-p phundrak--dotspacemacs-src (concat phundrak--dotspacemacs-uc ".el")))
    (message "Exporting new Emacs configuration from spacemacs.org through org-babel...")
    (with-temp-buffer
      (shell-command (format "emacs -Q --batch %s %s %s"
                             "--eval \"(require 'ob-tangle)\""
                             "--eval \"(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)\""
                             (format "--eval '(org-babel-tangle-file \"%s\")'"
                                     phundrak--dotspacemacs-src))
                     (current-buffer)))
    (message "Exporting new Emacs configuration from spacemacs.org through org-babel...done")
    (with-temp-buffer
      (byte-recompile-directory phundrak--dotspacemacs-src-dir
                                0 t)))
#+END_SRC
All that’s left to do in the Spacemacs functions is to call ~load~ on ~si~,
~sl~, ~uc~, and ~ui~. Be aware this sub-chapter won’t be tangled, so it might
not be up to date with the [[https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles/src/branch/master/.spacemacs][actual dotspacemacs file]]. Please check it just in
case something changed and I forgot to update this part of ~emacs.org~.

** Emacs with pdumper
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Emacs_with_pdumper-f24ab30b
:END:
It is possible to compile Emacs 27 from source with support for the portable
dumper, as shown in Spacemacs’ ~EXPERIMENTAL.org~ file. I do not use this
feature yet, as I am still on Emacs 26 provided from Arch Linux’s repositories,
so I’ll disable the Spacemacs support for this feature. The default value of
this variable is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-enable-emacs-pdumper t)
#+END_SRC

In case the support for pdumper was enabled, Spacemacs needs to know the name of
the Emacs executable which supports such a feature. The executable must be in
the user’s ~PATH~. By default, the value of the variable is ~"emacs"~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-emacs-pdumper-executable-file "emacs")
#+END_SRC

And finally, we can name the Spacemacs dump file. This is the file that will be
created by the portable dumper in the cache directory under the ~dumps~
sub-directory. To load it when starting Emacs, the parameter ~--dump-file~
should be added when invoking Emacs 27.1 executable from the command line, for
instance:
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no :exports code
./emacs --dump-file=~/.emacs.spacemacs/.cache/dumps/spacemacs.pdmp
#+END_SRC

The default value of this variable is ~"spacemacs.pdmp"~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-emacs-dumper-dump-file
              (format "spacemacs-%s.pdmp" emacs-version))
#+END_SRC

** Package managment and updates
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Package_managment_and_updates-79363da3
:END:
Spacemacs’ core configuration can be updated via git commands using Github
services. If Spacemacs is not set to the ~develop~ branch, it can check by
itself if any update is available. However, I am using said branch, therefore I
should set this variable to ~nil~. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-check-for-update nil)
#+END_SRC

When it comes to package management, Spacemacs is able to store them in
different directories depending on the version of Emacs used or based on other
variables. I personally prefer to use the value ~emacs-version~ since it makes
it easier to upgrade or downgrade Emacs without any conflict with the already
installed packages. The default value is ~emacs-version~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-elpa-subdirectory 'emacs-version)
#+END_SRC

Spacemacs has a capacity of performing rollbacks after updates. We can set the
maximum number of rollback slots to keep in the cache. The default value is ~5~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-max-rollback-slots 5)
#+END_SRC

*** Elpa repository
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Package_managment_and_updates-Elpa_repository-c07fb1c4
:END:
It is possible to ask Emacs to use an HTTPS connection when contacting the Elpa
whenever possible. This value should be set to ~nil~ when the user has no way to
contact the Elpa though HTTPS, otherwise it is strongly recommended to let it
set to ~t~. This variable however has no effect if Emacs is launched with the
parameter ~--insecure~ which forces the value of this variable to ~nil~. The
default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-elpa-https t)
#+END_SRC

We can set a maximum amount of seconds which will represent the maximum allowed
time to contact the Elpa repository. By default, this setting is set on ~5~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-elpa-timeout 5)
#+END_SRC

*** Spacelpa repository
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Package_managment_and_updates-Spacelpa_repository-a431b288
:END:
The Spacelpa repository is a Spacemacs-specific package repository. It is
possible to use it as the primary source to install a locked version of a
package. If the below value is set to ~nil~, then Spacemacs will install the
latest version of packages from MELPA. I personally don’t use it, so I let it
set to ~nil~. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-use-spacelpa nil)
#+END_SRC

If the below value is not ~nil~, then the signature for the downloaded Spacelpa
packages must be verified.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-verify-spacelpa-archives t)
#+END_SRC

** Editing style
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Editing_style-56d58a4b
:END:
By default, Spacemacs encourages the use of evil-mode, which brings vim
keybinding in Emacs. Still, it has three different styles available:
- ~vim~, which goes full evil-mode usage and most adapted to Emacs newcomers,
  especially if they were used to vim before, with the use of a normal mode and
  an insert mode.
- ~emacs~ which keeps an Emacs-like feel to the keybindings, without any
  difference between an insert or normal mode.
- ~hybrid~ is a modification of the ~vim~ mode which brings the ~emacs~ style in
  insert mode, but otherwise behaves like the ~vim~ style in normal mode. This
  is the style I personally use.
The value can also be a list with the ~:variables~ keyword (similar to layers).
Check the editing styles section of the documentation for details on available
variables. The default value is ~vim~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-editing-style
              '(hybrid :variables
                       hybrid-mode-enable-evilified-state t
                       hybrid-mode-default-state 'normal))
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, the paste transient-state is enabled. While enabled, after you paste
something, pressing ~C-j~ and ~C-k~ several times cycles through the elements in
the ~kill-ring~. Default ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-enable-paste-transient-state t)
#+END_SRC

** Spacemacs home configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Spacemacs_home_configuration-8375cdcc
:END:
The value below specifies the startup banner of Spacemacs. The default value is
~official~, it displays the official Spacemacs logo. An integer value is the
index of text banner, ~random~ chooses a random text banner in the
~core/banners~ directory. A string value must be a path to an image format
supported by your Emacs build. If the value is nil, then no banner is displayed.
The default value is ~official~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-startup-banner 'official)
#+END_SRC

On the Spacemacs homepage, a list of elements can also be shown, be it recent
files, projects, agenda items,… Each of the elements making up the list value of
the below variable are pairs in the form ~(list-type . list-size)~. If the value
is ~nil~, then it is disabled. The possible values for ~list-type~ are:
- ~recents~ :: displays recently opened files
- ~bookmarks~ :: displays saved bookmarks
- ~projects~ :: displays projectile projects recently opened
- ~agenda~ :: displays upcoming events from Org-mode agendas
- ~todos~ :: displays recent TODOs detected in projectile projects
The order in which they are set in the below list affects their order on the
Spacemacs startup page. List sikes may be ~nil~, in which case
~spacemacs-buffer-startup-lists-length~ takes effect.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-startup-lists '((recents . 15)
                                           (projects . 15)))
#+END_SRC

The below variable allows the startup page to respond to resize events. Its
default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-startup-buffer-responsive t)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil show the version string in the Spacemacs buffer. It will appear as
~(spacemacs version)@(emacs version)~. Default ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-startup-buffer-show-version t)
#+END_SRC

** Default major modes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Default_major_modes-37f4a891
:END:
The below variable sets a default major mode for a new empty buffer. Possible
values are mode names such as ~text-mode~, or ~nil~ to use Fundamental mode. The
default value is ~text-mode~, but I prefer to use ~org-mode~ by default.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-new-empty-buffer-major-mode 'org-mode)
#+END_SRC

Similarly, the below variable sets the default mode for the scratch buffer. Its
default value is ~text-mode~, but I set it to use ~emacs-lisp-mode~ by default.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-scratch-mode 'emacs-lisp-mode)
#+END_SRC

By the way, it is possible to set a default message for the scratch buffer, such
as “Welcome to Spacemacs!”. I prefer to keep it clean. The default value is
~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-initial-scratch-message nil)
#+END_SRC

** Visual configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Visual_configuration-c4116cc1
:END:
*** Themes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Visual_configuration-Themes-315992bb
:END:
Spacemacs makes it quite easy to use themes and organize them. The below value
is a list of themes, the first of the list is loaded when Spacemacs starts. The
user can press ~SPC T n~ to cycle to the next theme in the list.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-themes '(nord doom-nord doom-vibrant spacemacs-dark
                                         doom-one doom-opera doom-dracula doom-molokai
                                         doom-peacock doom-sourcerer doom-spacegrey
                                         kaolin-dark kaolin-aurora kaolin-bubblegum
                                         kaolin-galaxy kaolin-mono-dark kaolin-temple
                                         kaolin-valley-dark))
#+END_SRC

Emacs also makes use of themes for the Spaceline at the bottom of buffers.
Supported themes are:
- ~spacemacs~
- ~all-the-icons~
- ~custom~
- ~doom~ (the one I use)
- ~vim-powerline~
- ~vanilla~
The first three are Spaceline themes. ~doom~ is the Doom-Emacs mode-line, and
~vanilla~ is the default Emacs mode-line. ~custom~ is a user defined theme,
refer to Spacemacs’ ~DOCUMENTATION.org~ file for more info on how to create your
own Spaceline theme. Value can be a symbol or list with additional properties.
The default value is ~'(spacemacs :separator wave :separator-scale 1.5))~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-mode-line-theme '(doom
                                             :separator wave
                                             :separator-scale 1.0))
#+END_SRC

It is also possible to color the cursor depending on which mode Spacemacs is in,
in order to mach the state color in GUI Emacs. The default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-colorize-cursor-according-to-state t)
#+END_SRC

The below variable sets either the default font or a prioritized list of fonts
to be used by Emacs. The ~:size~ can be specified as a non-negative integer
(pixel size), or a floating-point (point size). Point size is recommended,
because it’s device independent (add a ~.0~ to make an integer a floating
point). The default size is ~10.0~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-default-font '("Cascadia Code"
                                          :size 9.0))
#+END_SRC

I also added the following code in order to define a fallback font for emojis,
defined only on their unicode range:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" '(#x1f600 . #x1f64f) "NotoEmoji Nerd Font")
#+END_SRC

*** Other on-screen elements
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Visual_configuration-Other_on-screen_elements-7d334e09
:END:
~which-key~ is a helper which displays available keyboard shortcuts. This
variable sets in seconds the time Spacemacs should wait between a key press and
the moment ~which-key~ should be shown.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-which-key-delay 1)
#+END_SRC

This variable sets ~which-key~'s frame position. Possible values are:
- ~right~
- ~bottom~
- ~right-then-bottom~
~right-then-bottom~ tries to display the frame to the right, but if there is
insufficient space it displays it at the bottom. The default value is ~bottom~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-which-key-position 'right-then-bottom)
#+END_SRC

This controls where ~switch-to-buffer~ displays the buffer. If the value is
~nil~, ~switch-to-buffer~ displays the buffer in the current window even if
another same-purpose window is available. If non-nil, ~switch-to-buffer~
displays the buffer in a same-purpose window even if the buffer can be displayed
in the current window. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-switch-to-buffer-prefers-purpose nil)
#+END_SRC

If this variable is non-nil, a progress bar is displayed when Spacemacs is
loading. This may increase the boot time on some systems and emacs builds, set
it to ~nil~ to boost the loading time. The default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-loading-progress-bar t)
#+END_SRC

If the value is non-nil, Emacs will show the title of the transient states. The
default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-show-transient-state-title t)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, this will show the color guide hint for transient state keys. The
default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-show-transient-state-color-guide t)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, unicode symbols are displayed in the mode line. If you use Emacs as
a daemon and want unicode characters only in GUI set the value to quoted
~display-graphic-p~. The default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-mode-line-unicode-symbols t)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, smooth scrolling (native-scrolling) is enabled. Smooth scrolling
overrides the default behavior of Emacs which recenters point when it reaches
the top or bottom of the screen. The default value is ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-smooth-scrolling t)
#+END_SRC

The following value controls the line number activation. If set to ~t~,
~relative~ or ~visual~ then line numbers are enabled in all ~prog-mode~ and
~text-mode~ derivatives. If set to ~relative~, line numbers are relative. If set
to ~visual~, line numbers are also relative, but only visual lines are counted.
For example, folded lines will not be counted and wrapped lines are counted as
multiple lines. This variable can also be set to a property list for finer
control:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
'(:relative nil
  :visual nil
  :disabled-for-modes dired-mode
                      doc-view-mode
                      markdown-mode
                      org-mode
                      pdf-view-mode
                      text-mode
  :size-limit-kb 1000)
#+END_SRC

When used in a plist, ~visual~ takes precendence over ~relative~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-line-numbers '(:relative nil
                                          :visual nil
                                          :disabled-for-modes org-mode pdf-view-mode
                                                              dired-mode doc-view-mode
                                                              text-mode))
#+END_SRC

Select a scope to highlight delimiter. Possible values are:
- ~any~
- ~current~
- ~all~
- ~nil~
The default value is ~all~ (highlights any scope and emphasis the current one).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-highlight-delimiters 'all)
#+END_SRC

After a certain amount of time in seconds, Spacemacs can zone-out. The default
value is ~nil~. I set it so Spacemacs zones out after 15 minutes.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-zone-out-when-idle 900)
#+END_SRC

Run ~spacemacs/prettify-org-buffer~ when visiting the ~README.org~ files of
Spacemacs. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-pretty-docs nil)
#+END_SRC

If ~nil~, the home buffer shows the full path of agenda items and todos. If non
~nil~, only the file name is shown.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-home-shorten-agenda-source t)
#+END_SRC

*** Appearance of Emacs frames
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Visual_configuration-Appearance_of_Emacs_frames-59700bb7
:END:
Starting from Emacs 24.4, it is possible to make the Emacs frame fullscreen when
Emacs starts up if the variable is set to a non-nil value. The default value is
~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-fullscreen-at-startup nil)
#+END_SRC

This variable is to be used if the user does not want to use native fullscreen
with ~spacemacs/toggle-fullscreen~. This disables for instance the fullscreen
animation under OSX. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-fullscreen-use-non-native nil)
#+END_SRC

If you do not start Emacs in fullscreen at startup, you might want it to be
maximized by default. If the value for the variable below is set to be non-nil,
the frame will be maximized. This can only work if
~dotspacemacs-fullscreen-at-startup~ is set to ~nil~, and it is only available
from Emacs 24.4 onwards. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-maximized-at-startup nil)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, the frame is undecorated when Emacs starts up. Combine this with the
variable ~dotspacemacs-maximized-at-startup~ in OSX to obtain borderless
fullscreen. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-undecorated-at-startup nil)
#+END_SRC

You can also set a transparency level for Emacs when you toggle the transparency
of the frame with ~toggle-transparency~. The value of the transparency, going
from 0 to 100 in increasing opacity, describes the transparency level of a frame
when it’s active or selected. The default value is ~90~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-active-transparency 85)
#+END_SRC

Similarly, you can set a value from 0 to 100 in increasing opacity which
describes the transparency level of a frame when it’s inactive or deselected.
The default value is ~90~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-inactive-transparency 80)
#+END_SRC

The variable below sets the format of frame title. You can use:
- ~%a~ :: the ~abbreviated-file-name~ or ~buffer-name~
- ~%t~ :: ~projectile-project-name~
- ~%I~ :: ~invocation-name~
- ~%S~ :: ~system-name~
- ~%U~ :: contents of ~$USER~
- ~%b~ :: buffer name
- ~%f~ :: visited file name
- ~%F~ :: frame name
- ~%s~ :: process status
- ~%p~ :: percent of buffer above top of window, or Top, Bot, or All
- ~%P~ :: percent of buffer above bottom of window, perhaps plus Top, or Bot, or
  All
- ~%m~ :: mode name
- ~%n~ :: Narrow if appropriate
- ~%z~ :: mnemonics of buffer, terminal, and keyboard coding systems
- ~%Z~ :: like ~%z~, but including the end-of-line format
The default value is ~"%I@%S"~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-frame-title-format "Emacs: %b (%t) %U@%S")
#+END_SRC

Format specification for setting the icon title format. The default value is
~nil~, same as ~frame-title-format~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-icon-title-format nil)
#+END_SRC

** Spacemacs leader keys and shortcuts
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Spacemacs_leader_keys_and_shortcuts-ebf21abe
:END:
The below setting sets the Spacemacs leader key. By default, this is the ~SPC~
key.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-leader-key "SPC")
#+END_SRC

Once the leader key has been pressed, it is possible to set another key in order
to call Emacs’ command ~M-x~. By default, it is again the ~SPC~ key.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-emacs-command-key "SPC")
#+END_SRC

It is also possible to invoke Vim Ex commands with the press of a key, and by
default it is the ~:~ key.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-ex-command-key ":")
#+END_SRC

The below variable sets the leader key accessible in ~emacs-state~ and
~insert-state~:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-emacs-leader-key "M-m")
#+END_SRC

The major mode leader key is a shortcut key which is the equivalent of pressing
~<leader> m~. Set it to ~nil~ to disable it. Its default value is ~,~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-major-mode-leader-key ",")
#+END_SRC

In ~emacs-state~ and ~insert-state~, the same major mode leader key can be
accessible from another shortcut, which by default is ~C-M-m~ in terminal mode,
or ~M-return~ in GUI mode.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-major-mode-emacs-leader-key
              (if window-system "<M-return>" "C-M-m"))
#+END_SRC

These variables control whether separate commands are bound in the GUI to the
key pairs ~C-i~ and ~TAB~, and ~C-m~ and ~RET~. Setting it to a non-nil value
allows for separate commands under ~C-i~ and ~TAB~, and ~C-m~ and ~RET~. In the
terminal, these pairs are generally indistinguishable, so this only works in the
GUI. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-distinguish-gui-tab nil)
#+END_SRC

** Layouts
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Layouts-61c0374d
:END:
The variable belows sets the name of the default layout. Its default value is
~"Default"~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-default-layout-name "Default")
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, the default layout name is displayed in the mode-line. The default
value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-display-default-layout nil)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, then the last auto saved layouts are resumed automatically upon
start. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-auto-resume-layouts nil)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, the layout name will be auto-generated when creating new layouts. It
only has an effect when using the “jump to layout by number” command. The
default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-auto-generate-layout-names nil)
#+END_SRC

** Files-related settings
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Files-related_settings-67fba383
:END:
The below value sets the size in MB above which Spacemacs will prompt to open
the file literally in order to avoid preformance issues. Opening a file
literally means that no major or minor mode is active. The default value is ~1~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-large-file-size 5)
#+END_SRC

This variable sets the location where to auto-save files. Possible values are:
- ~original~ :: auto-saves files in-place
- ~cache~ :: auto-saves files in another file stored in the cache directory
- ~nil~ :: disables auto-saving.
The default value is ~cache~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-auto-save-file-location 'original)
#+END_SRC

** Emacs server
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Emacs_server-d3947c28
:END:
Emacs can be launched as a server if the following value is set to non-nil and
if one isn’t already running. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-enable-server nil)
#+END_SRC

You can also set a custom emacs server socket location. If the value is ~nil~,
Emacs will use whatever the Emacs default is, otherwise a directory path like
="$HOME/.config/emacs/server"=. It has no effect if ~dotspacemacs-enable-server~
is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-server-socket-dir nil)
#+END_SRC

It is also possible to tell Emacs that the quit function should keep the server
open when quitting. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-persistent-server t)
#+END_SRC

** Miscellaneous
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Init-Miscellaneous-6b4f0b76
:END:
This value changes the folding method of code blocks. The possible values are
either ~evil~, the default value, or ~origami~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-folding-method 'evil)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, ~smartparens-strict-mode~ will be enabled in programming modes. The
default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-smartparens-strict-mode nil)
#+END_SRC

If non-nil, pressing the closing parenthesis ~)~ key in insert mode passes over
any automatically added closing parenthesis, bracket, quote, etc… This can
temporarily disabled by pressing ~C-q~ before ~)~. The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-smart-closing-parenthesis nil)
#+END_SRC

List of search tool executable names. Spacemacs uses the first installed tool of
the list. Supported tools are:
- ~rg~
- ~ag~
- ~pt~
- ~ack~
- ~grep~
The default value is ~'("rg" "ag" "pt" "ack" "grep")~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-search-tools '("rg" "grep"))
#+END_SRC

Delete whitespace while saving buffer. Possible values are:
- ~all~ :: aggresively delete empty lines and long sequences of whitespace
- ~trailing~ :: only detele the whitespace at end of lines
- ~changed~ :: to delete only whitespace for changed lines
- ~nil~ :: disable cleanup
The default value is ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-whitespace-cleanup nil)
#+END_SRC

Set ~gc-cons-threshold~ and ~gc-cons-percentage~ when startup finishes. This is
an advanced option and should not be changed unless you suspect performance
issues due to garbage collection operations. The default is ~'(100000000 0.1)~
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-gc-cons '(100000000 0.1))
#+END_SRC

If non nil activate ~clean-aindent-mode~ which tries to correct virtual
indentation of simple modes. This can interfer with mode specific indent
handling like has been reported for ~go-mode~. If it does deactivate it here.
Default ~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-use-clean-aindent-mode t)
#+END_SRC

If non ~nil~, shift your number row to match the entered keyboard layout (only
in insert state). Currently supported keyboard layouts are ~querty-us~,
~quertz-de~ and ~querty-ca-fr~. New layouts can be added in ~spacemacs-editing~
layer. Default ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-swap-number-row nil)
#+END_SRC

Set ~read-process-output-max~ when startup finishes. This defines how much data
is read from a foreign process. Setting this >= 1 MB should increase performance
for lsp servers in emacs 27.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-read-process-output-max (* 1024 1024 8))
#+END_SRC

* User Initialization
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Initialization-e0d21089
:END:
** User Init
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :mkdirp yes :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/user-init.el :exports code :results silent :lexical t
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Initialization-User-Init-a86829cf
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
#+END_SRC

While Emacs and especially Spacemacs loads, I want it to initialize some
elements and load some packages. First of all, I want it to load my private
Emacs config file:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(load "~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/private_emacs")
#+END_SRC

I would also like to enable the setup of flycheck for Rust when Flycheck is
loaded:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'flycheck-mode-hook #'flycheck-rust-setup)
#+END_SRC

By default, Flyspell should be disabled and only enabled manually.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(flyspell-mode 0)
#+END_SRC

Finally, here is a quick workaround for Tramp, sometimes it cannot connect to my
hosts if I don’t have this code snippet.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq tramp-ssh-controlmaster-options
      "-o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPath='tramp.%%C' -o ControlPersist=no")
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(require 'org)
#+END_SRC

** User Load
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :mkdirp yes :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/user-load.el :exports code :results silent :lexical t
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Initialization-User-Load-488cf687
:END:
Then, I want a couple of requires:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(require 'org-id)
(require 'org-protocol)
(require 'package)
(require 'ox-latex)
(require 'ox-publish)
(require 'tramp)
#+END_SRC

* User Configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :mkdirp yes :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/user-config.el :exports code :results silent :lexical t
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-4a937fe5
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
#+END_SRC
** Custom functions, macros, and variables
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Custom_functions-ceb4bc42
:END:
In this section, I will put my various custom functions that do not fit in other
sections and which are more oriented towards general usage throughout Emacs and
in Elisp code.

Almost all of my code snippets will be prefixed by either my name or the name of
the package or layer they are part of, unless they are an explicit overwrite of
a function that already exists.
*** Elisp Utilities and Predicates
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-Predicates-5598df46
:END:
**** ~phundrak-filter~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-Elisp-Utilities-and-Predicates-phundrak-filter-2d3c5a5b
:END:
#+name: elisp-phundrak-filter
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-filter (fn list)
  "Filter `LIST' according to the predicate `FN'.

All elements from `LIST' that do not satisfy the predicate `FN'
will be left out of the result, while all elements that do
satisfy it will be included in the resulting list. This function
also preserves the relative position between elements that
satisfy the predicate."
  (declare (pure t) (side-effect-free t))
  (when list
    (let ((rest (phundrak-filter fn
                                 (cdr list))))
      (if (funcall fn
                   (car list))
          (cons (car list) rest)
        rest))))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-all?~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-all-0655600c
:END:
This function is inspired by dash’s ~-all?~ function: it will test all the
elements of the list ~seq~ against the predicate ~fn~ which should return either
~t~ or ~nil~. If all of them return something else than ~nil~, then it is a
success, otherwise it is a failure. Note that empty lists will always return
~t~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-all? (fn seq)
  "Check if all members of `SEQ' satisfy predicate `FN'. Note that
it will return t if `SEQ' is nil."
  (declare (pure t) (side-effect-free t))
  (if seq
      (and (funcall fn (car seq))
           (phundrak-all? fn (cdr seq)))
    t))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-none?~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-none-463dee26
:END:
In the same vein as ~phundrak-all?~, ~phundrak-none?~ checks if all elements of
~seq~ do not satify the predicate ~fn~. Again, if the list is empty, it will
return ~t~.
#+name: elisp-phundrak-none
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-none? (fn seq)
  "Check if all members of `SEQ' do not satisfy predicate `FN'.
Note that it will return t if `SEQ' is nil."
  (declare (pure t) (side-effect-free t))
  (if seq
      (and (not (funcall fn (car seq)))
           (phundrak-none? fn (cdr seq)))
    t))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-zip~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-Elisp-Utilities-and-Predicates-phundrak-zip-8a49b20f
:END:
#+name: elisp-phundrak-zip
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-zip (&rest lists)
  "Zip `LISTS' together.
Be aware only the amount of elements of the smallest list will be zipped."
  (declare (pure t) (side-effect-free t))
  (when lists
    (let ((lists (if (= 1 (length lists)) ; only one element => a list of lists was passed
                     (car lists)
                   lists)))
      (when (phundrak-none? 'null lists)
        (cons (mapcar 'car lists)
              (phundrak-zip (mapcar 'cdr lists)))))))
#+END_SRC

*** Eshell Prompt-Related Functions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-Eshell-prompt-related-functions-79d07f21
:END:
**** ~phundrak-eshell-git-status~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-eshell-git-status-28f16e94
:END:
This function is used in my Eshell prompt which you can consult [[#User_Configuration-Eshell-Eshell_theme-a06715a9][here]]. This
function basically executes two git calls to get some information about a git
repo, which path we provide as an argument. Based on the result of these git
calls, the function will know what it needs to know about the repo to build a
git prompt that will be inserted in my Eshell prompt. And just for shit and
giggles, I’ve made it so it is a powerline prompt.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-eshell-git-status ($path &optional $background-color)
  "Returns a string indicating the status of the repository located
in `$PATH' if it exists. It should also append the name of the
current branch if it is not `master' or `main'.
`$BACKGROUND-COLOR' allows to choose the color that will be
visible behind the powerline characters. The theme is inspired by
the bobthefish theme for the fish shell which you can find here:
https://github.com/oh-my-fish/theme-bobthefish

Color code:
- green:
- orange: tracked stuff is staged but not commited
- red: tracked stuff is modified and not commited

Symbols:
- `*': dirty working dir, RED
- `~': staged changes, ORANGE
- `…': untracked files, GREEN
- `$': stashed changes
- `-': unpulled commits
- `-': unpushed commits
- `±': unpulled and unpushed commits"
  (let* ((git-status-command       (concat "cd " $path "; git status"))
         (git-stash-status-command (concat "cd " $path "; git stash list"))
         (status                   (eshell-command-result git-status-command))
         (stashstat                (eshell-command-result git-stash-status-command))
         (detached                 (s-contains? "HEAD detached" status))
         (dirty                    (s-contains? "Changes not staged for commit" status))
         (staged                   (s-contains? "Changes to be committed" status))
         (untracked                (s-contains? "Untracked files" status))
         (pullable                 (s-contains? "git pull" status))
         (pushable                 (s-contains? "git push" status))
         (branch                   (replace-regexp-in-string "On Branch \\(.*\\)\n\\(.\\|\n\\)*" "\\1" status))
         (branch                   (unless (or (string= "master" branch)
                                               (string= "main" branch)
                                               detached)
                                     branch)))
    (let ((prompt (concat " "
                          (if detached ">" "")
                          (when branch (concat " " branch " "))
                          (when dirty "*")
                          (when staged "~")
                          (when untracked "…")
                          (cond ((and pullable pushable) "±")
                                (pullable "-")
                                (pushable "+"))
                          (when stashstat "$")
                          " "))
          (accent (cond
                   (dirty phundrak-nord11)
                   (staged phundrak-nord13)
                   (t phundrak-nord14)))
          (background (if $background-color
                          $background-color
                        phundrak-nord0)))
      (concat (with-face ""
                         :background accent
                         :foreground background)
              (with-face prompt
                         :background accent
                         :foreground (if dirty phundrak-nord6 background))
              (with-face ""
                         :background background
                         :foreground accent)))))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-git-repo-root~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-git-repo-root-f7cf3bb9
:END:
This function detects if the path passed as an argument points to a git
directory or to one of its subdirectories. If it is, it will return the path to
the root of the git repository, else it will return ~nil~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-git-repo-root ($path)
  "Return `$PATH' if it points to a git repository or one of its
subdirectories."
  (when $path
    (if (f-dir? (concat $path "/.git"))
        $path
      (phundrak-git-repo-root (f-parent $path)))))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-prompt-toggle-abbreviation~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-prompt-toggle-abbreviation-753ca549
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak-prompt--abbreviate t
  "Whether or not to abbreviate the displayed path in the Eshell
prompt.")

(defun phundrak-prompt-toggle-abbreviation ()
  "Toggles whether the Eshell prompt should shorten the name of
the parent directories or not. See `phundrak-eshell-prompt'."
  (interactive)
  (setq phundrak-prompt--abbreviate (not phundrak-prompt--abbreviate)))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-abbr-path~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-abbr-path-559b46e3
:END:
The following is a nice little function I use in my Eshell prompt. It shortens
the name of all the parent directories of the current one in its path, but
leaves the current one written in full. It also abbreviates the equivalent of
the ~$HOME~ (~/home/<username>/~) directory to a simple =~=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-abbr-path ($path &optional $abbreviate)
  "Abbreviate `$PATH'. If `$ABBREVIATE' is t, then all parent
directories of the current directory will be abbreviated to one
letter only. If a parent directory is a hidden directory (i.e.
preceeded by a dot), the directory will be abbreviated to the dot
plus the first letter of the name of the directory (e.g.
\".config\" -> \".c\").

For public use of the function, `$PATH' should be a string
representing a UNIX path. For internal use, `$PATH' can also be a
list. If `$PATH' is neither of those, an error will be thrown by
the function."
  (cond
   ((stringp $path) (f-short
                     (if $abbreviate
                         (phundrak-abbr-path (f-split (phundrak-abbr-path $path)))
                       $path)))
   ((null $path) "")
   ((listp $path)
    (f-join (cond ((= 1 (length $path)) (car $path))
                  (t (let* ((dir (car $path))
                            (first-char (s-left 1 dir)))
                       (if (string= "." first-char)
                           (s-left 2 dir)
                         first-char))))
            (phundrak-abbr-path (cdr $path))))
   (t (error "Invalid argument %s, neither stringp nor listp" $path))))
#+END_SRC

*** Files-Related Functions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-Files-related-functions-0b66f353
:END:
**** ~phundrak-file-to-string~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-file-to-string-efab0fba
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-file-to-string (FILE)
  "Returns the content of `FILE' as a string."
  (with-temp-buffer
    (insert-file-contents FILE)
    (buffer-string)))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-find-org-files~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Custom-functions-phundrak-find-org-files-a8fd200f
:END:
There are lots of files which I want to be able to quickly open. I used to have
one shortcut for each one of these files, but as their number grew, I decided to
switch to helm for my file selector which will be called by only one common
shortcut. Most of my files will be located in =~/org=, but I have some
conlanging files which are located in =~/Documents/conlanging=, and all my
university notes are in =~/Documents/university=. Let’s declare these
directories in a variable:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak-org-directories '("~/org"
                                   "~/Documents/university/S8"
                                   "~/Documents/conlanging")
  "Directories in which to look for org files with the function
`phundrak-find-org-files'.")
#+END_SRC

With this established, let’s write some emacs-lisp that will allow me to get a
list of all these files and select them through helm. Be aware that I will be
using some functions from third party packages, such as [[https://github.com/magnars/s.el][s.el]] and [[https://github.com/magnars/dash.el][dash]], as well
as [[https://github.com/sharkdp/fd][fd]].
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-find-org-files ()
  "Find all org files in the directories listed in
`phundrak-org-directories', then list them in an ido buffer where
the user can match one and open it."
  (interactive)
  (find-file
   (ivy-completing-read
    "Org File: "
    (s-split "\n"
             (mapconcat (lambda (path)
                          (shell-command-to-string
                           (format "fd . %s -e org -c never" path)))
                        phundrak-org-directories
                        "\n")))))
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak-open-marked-files~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-open-marked-files-b87d37f7
:END:
This function is particularly useful in Dired buffers when someone wants to open
multiple files. This function will basically look for all marked files in the
current dired buffer and open each one of them in their individual buffer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-open-marked-files ()
  "This function allows the user to open all marked files in a
Dired buffer at once."
  (interactive)
  (let ((file-list (if (string= major-mode "dired-mode")
                       (dired-get-marked-files)
                     (list (buffer-file-name)))))
    (mapc (lambda (file)
            (find-file file))
          file-list)))
#+END_SRC

**** ~xah/open-in-external-app~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-xah-open-in-external-app-2655f31c
:END:
Here is another of Xah’s functions, this time to open a file externally to
Emacs. For instance, I sometimes want to open a PDF in Zathura rather than in
Emacs, or an HTML file in Firefox. With this function, it is now possible!
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun xah/open-in-external-app (&optional files)
  "Open the current file or dired marked files in external app.
The app is chosen from your OS’ preference.

When called in emacs lisp, if `FILES' is given, open that.

URL `http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/emacs_dired_open_file_in_ext_apps.html'
Version 2019-01-18"
  (interactive)
  (let* (($file-list (if files
                         (progn (list files))
                       (if (string-equal major-mode "dired-mode")
                           (dired-get-marked-files)
                         (list (buffer-file-name)))))
         ($do-it-p (if (<= (length $file-list) 5)
                       t
                     (y-or-n-p "Open more than 5 files? "))))
    (when $do-it-p
      (mapc (lambda ($fpath)
              (let ((process-connection-type nil))
                (start-process "" nil "xdg-open" $fpath)))
            $file-list))))
#+END_SRC

*** Theming
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-Theming-7ad4dc46
:END:
**** Nord theming variables
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Custom_functions_and_variables-Some_theming_variables-9b853a99
:END:
Yes, I do use a preconfigured theme, as mentioned above, but for some elements
such as Eshell, I need to define some variables for color, and I’ll do it here.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak-nord0  "#2e3440")
(defvar phundrak-nord1  "#3b4252")
(defvar phundrak-nord2  "#434c5e")
(defvar phundrak-nord3  "#4c566a")
(defvar phundrak-nord4  "#d8dee9")
(defvar phundrak-nord5  "#e5e9f0")
(defvar phundrak-nord6  "#eceff4")
(defvar phundrak-nord7  "#8fbcbb")
(defvar phundrak-nord8  "#88c0d0")
(defvar phundrak-nord9  "#81a1c1")
(defvar phundrak-nord10 "#5e81ac")
(defvar phundrak-nord11 "#bf616a")
(defvar phundrak-nord12 "#d08770")
(defvar phundrak-nord13 "#ebcb8b")
(defvar phundrak-nord14 "#a3be8c")
(defvar phundrak-nord15 "#b48ead")
#+END_SRC

**** ~with-face~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-with-face-7974e15f
:END:
~with-face~ is a simple yet very useful macro that allows me to easily create
strings with faces defined as properties to the string passed as the first
argument. Here is how it is implemented:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defmacro with-face ($str &rest $properties)
  "Helper macro for creating strings `$STR' with `$PROPERTIES'"
  `(propertize ,$str 'face (list ,@$properties)))
#+END_SRC

*** ~phundrak-blog-publish~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-blog-publish-99c96b2d
:END:
This function is quite a simple function made to automatically publish [[https://blog.phundrak.com][my blog]]
based on Hugo. After exporting my blog using ~ox-hugo~, I simply have to call
this function which will look for all files located in =~/org/blog/public= and
copy them to my remote server once ~hugo~ has been executed in =~/org/blog=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-blog-publish ()
  "Publish my blog through Hugo and rsync to my remote server."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((blog-path "~/org/blog")
         (public-path (concat blog-path "/public"))
         (target-path "/rsync:Tilo:/home/phundrak/www/phundrak.com/blog"))
    (shell-command (format "cd %s && hugo" blog-path))
    (let ((files (mapcar (lambda (file)
                           (f-relative file public-path))
                         (f-files (format "%s/public" blog-path) nil t))))
      (dolist (file files)
        (copy-file (concat public-path "/" file)
                   (concat target-path "/" file)
                   t nil t)))))
#+END_SRC

*** ~phundrak-yas-rust-new-assignments~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Custom-functions-yas-rust-new-assignments-4ad16bde
:END:
The following function is a function that will allow me to easily create ~new~
functions for Rust structs. Inspired from [[https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy][elpy]]’s ~elpy-snippet-init-assignments~
function, it will automatically write assignments to my new struct as I write
new parameters in the ~new~ function. It also comes with a helper function that
parses the arguments given to the ~new~ function.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak--yas-snippet-split-rust-args ($arg-string)
  "Split a Rust argument string `$ARG-STRING' into ((name,
default)...) tuples"
  (mapcar (lambda ($elem)
            (split-string $elem "[[:blank:]]*:[[:blank:]]*" t))
          (split-string $arg-string "[[:blank:]]*,[[:blank:]]*" t)))

(defun phundrak-yas-rust-new-assignments ($arg-string)
  "Return a typical new assignment for arguments.
Inspired from elpy’s functions https://github.com/jorgenschaefer/elpy"
  (let ((indentation (make-string (save-excursion
                                   (goto-char start-point)
                                   (current-indentation))
                                 ?\s)))
    (mapconcat (lambda ($elem)
                 (if (string-match "^\\*" (car $elem))
                     ""
                   (format "%s,\n%s" (car $elem) indentation)))
               (phundrak--yas-snippet-split-rust-args $arg-string)
               "")))
#+END_SRC

*** ~screenshot-svg~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-screenshot-svg-9e2e21d2
:END:
This function allows for taking SVG screenshots of Emacs from itself using
Cairo. The function definition was taken [[https://github.com/caiohcs/my-emacs#screenshots][from here]].
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun screenshot-svg ()
  "Save a screenshot of the current frame as an SVG image.
Saves to a temp file and puts the filename in the kill ring."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((filename (make-temp-file "Emacs" nil ".svg"))
         (data (x-export-frames nil 'svg)))
    (with-temp-file filename
      (insert data))
    (kill-new filename)
    (message filename)))
#+END_SRC

*** ~xah/dired-sort~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-xah-dired-sort-28bde838
:END:
This function comes directly from Xah Lee’s website and allows the user to sort
files in a dired buffer depending on four factors:
 - File name
 - File size
 - Last modification date
 - File extension
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun xah/dired-sort ()
  "Sort dired dir listing in different ways. Prompt for a choice.
URL `http://ergoemacs.org/emacs/dired_sort.html'
Version 2018-12-23, modified by Phundrak on 2019-08-06"
  (interactive)
  (let ($sort-by $arg)
    (setq $sort-by (ido-completing-read "Sort by:" '( "name" "size" "date" "extension" )))
    (cond
     ((equal $sort-by "name") (setq $arg "-ahl --group-directories-first"))
     ((equal $sort-by "date") (setq $arg "-ahl -t --group-directories-first"))
     ((equal $sort-by "size") (setq $arg "-ahl -S --group-directories-first"))
     ((equal $sort-by "extension") (setq $arg "-ahlD -X --group-directories-first"))
     (t (error "logic error 09535" )))
    (dired-sort-other $arg )))
#+END_SRC

** Editing and modes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Editing_and_modes-7dbaf258
:END:
There is first a setting I would like to enable to make the navigation through
text a bit easier which is to enable the subword mode. This allows me to iterate
through words that are in CamelCase more easily, I don’t have to go either to
the beginning or the end of the word and then move my cursor a bunch of times to
get to the subword I want to modify.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(global-subword-mode 1)
#+END_SRC

*** Default modes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Editing_and_modes-Default_modes-50d4e086
:END:
Some buffers sometimes won’t have a default mode at all, such as the ~*scratch*~
buffer. In any vanilla configuration, they will then default to ~text-mode~. I
personally prefer ~org-mode~ to be my default mode, so let’s set it so!
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq edit-server-default-major-mode 'org-mode)
#+END_SRC

*** Evil
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Editing_and_modes-Evil-3cedaaee
:END:
Evil is not really smart by default when I ask it to undo stuff. As an example,
let’s say I enter insert-mode and write a whole paragraph, and then I exit
insert-mode back to normal-mode, and I notice a small mistake I made when typing
my stuff down, like accidentally using a snippet from yasnippet, and I want to
undo that. My initial reaction would be to press ~u~ to undo, and so would be
yours too right? That’s the wrong answer with evil, since it considers your
actions between entering and leaving insert-mode as only one action, and it
would thus erase your /WHOLE PARAGRAPH/. Fortunately, there is a way to make the
undo action more granular, but it comes at the cost of increasing the amount of
undo actions you can do (which shouldn’t really matter if you don’t have a
potato PC).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq undo-limit 500000
      evil-want-fine-undo t)
#+END_SRC

*** File extensions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-File_extensions-f76fe752
:END:
Sometimes, Emacs doesn’t recognize or misrecognizes some extensions, resulting
in a wrong mode set for said file. Let’s fix that by associating the extension
with the desired mode:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(dolist (e '(("xml" . web-mode)
             ("xinp" . web-mode)
             ("aiml" . web-mode)
             ("C" . c++-mode)
             ("dconf" . conf-mode)
             ("yy" . bison-mode)
             ("ll" . flex-mode)
             ("s" . asm-mode)
             ("pl" . prolog-mode)
             ("l" . scheme-mode)
             ("vs" . glsl-mode)
             ("fs" . glsl-mode)))
  (push (cons (concat "\\."
                      (car e)
                      "\\'") (cdr e))
        auto-mode-alist))
#+END_SRC

We also have a couple of extensions which should all be in ~conf-unix-mode~,
let’s indicate that to Emacs:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(dolist (e '("service" "timer" "target" "mount" "automount"
             "slice" "socket" "path" "netdev" "network"
             "link"))
  (push (cons (concat "\\." e "\\'") 'conf-unix-mode)
        auto-mode-alist))
#+END_SRC

*** Hooks
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Miscellaneous-Hooks-86da2da0
:END:
I also have some hooks I use for enabling some major and minor modes. The first
one here allows the execution of the deletion of trailing space each time I save
a file.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'before-save-hook 'delete-trailing-whitespace)
#+END_SRC

I also want to always be in ~visual-line-mode~ so Emacs soft-wraps lines that
are too long for the buffer they are displayed in. This will also be enabled for
Elfeed.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'prog-mode-hook 'visual-line-mode)
(add-hook 'elfeed-read-mode-hook 'visual-line-mode)
#+END_SRC

I also want for some non-programming modes to enable a hard-limit in terms of
how many characters can fit on one line. The modes that benefit are
~message-mode~, ~org-mode~, ~text-mode~ and ~markdown-mode~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(mapc (lambda (x)
     (add-hook x 'visual-line-mode))
   '(message-mode-hook
     text-mode-hook
     markdown-mode-hook))
#+END_SRC

*** Twittering mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Miscellaneous-Twittering_mode-b97d9327
:END:
For ~twittering-mode~, a Twitter major mode for Emacs, I want to encrypt my data
using a master password, which I do thanks to this option:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq twittering-use-master-password t)
#+END_SRC

*** Wrapping regions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Editing_and_modes-Wrapping_regions-2250281e
:END:
I really like the ~M-(~ keybinding for wrapping a selected region between
parenthesis. However, parenthesis are not everything (even in Lisp dialects),
and other wrappers could be nice. And they are! Here is how they are declared:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(global-set-key (kbd "M-[") 'insert-pair)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-{") 'insert-pair)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-<") 'insert-pair)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-'") 'insert-pair)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-`") 'insert-pair)
(global-set-key (kbd "M-\"") 'insert-pair)
#+END_SRC

For the record, this is from [[http://www.howardism.org/][Howard Abram]]’s [[https://github.com/howardabrams/dot-files][dotfiles]].

** Emacs builtins
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Emacs_builtins-7822b8dd
:END:
*** Dired
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Dired-ef8a7cac
:END:
When it comes to dired, I chose do modify some elements on how things are sorted
and shown, but there isn’t much configuration. First, I want to always copy
folders in a recursive way, no questions asked.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq dired-recursive-copies 'always)
#+END_SRC

Also, when I have two Dired buffers opened side by side, I generally want them
to interact with each other, for example if I want to move around or copy stuff.
So, let’s tell Emacs that:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq dired-dwim-target t)
#+END_SRC

Finally, let’s tell Dired how to sort the elements to be displayed: directories
first, non-hidden first.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq dired-listing-switches "-ahl --group-directories-first")
#+END_SRC

By the way, let’s enable ~org-download~ when we are in a Dired buffer:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'org-download-enable)
#+END_SRC

Finally, let’s enable globally ~diredfl~ so we can get a colourful Dired buffer
each time we open one:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(diredfl-global-mode 1)
#+END_SRC

*** Emacs Lisp
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Emacs-Lisp-219d4260
:END:
For some reason, =flycheck-mode= is not enabled by default when in an elisp
buffer. Let’s add that:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'flycheck-mode)
#+END_SRC

*** Eshell
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-3012e67e
:END:
Eshell is a built-in shell available from Emacs which I use almost as often as
Fish. Some adjustments are necessary for making this shell usable for me.

But first, here is a screenshot of what to expect visually from my configuration
of Eshell when it is launched:

#+include: ../img/eshell.svg export html

**** Aliases
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-Aliases-ef06615f
:END:
This function is a function that will come in very handy for Eshell functions
that call shell processes. It concatenates the initial string ~command~ with all
the arguments ~args~, each separated with a space.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak/concatenate-shell-command ($command &rest $args)
  (string-join (cons $command $args) " "))
#+END_SRC

Just like most shells, it is possible to declare in Eshell aliases. First, I
would like to be able to use ~open~ to open files in Emacs:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defalias 'open 'find-file)
#+END_SRC

I also have ~openo~ which allows me to perform the same action, but in another
window:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defalias 'openo 'find-file-other-window)
#+END_SRC

The function ~yes-or-no-p~ is also aliased to ~y-or-n-p~ so I only have to
answer by ~y~ or ~n~ instead of typing ~yes~ or ~no~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defalias 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
#+END_SRC

For some ease of use, I’ll also declare ~list-buffers~ as an alias of ~ibuffer~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defalias 'list-buffers 'ibuffer)
#+END_SRC

~mkcd~ is a function that allows me to create a directory and ~cd~ into it at
the same time.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(defun eshell/mkcd ($directory)
  (eshell/mkdir "-p" $directory)
  (cd $directory))
#+end_src

**** Custom functions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-Custom_functions-79d98245
:END:
When I’m in Eshell, sometimes I wish to open multiple files at once in Emacs.
For this, when I have several arguments for ~find-file~, I want to be able to
open them all at once. Let’s modify ~find-file~ like so:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defadvice find-file (around find-files activate)
  "Also find all files within a list of files. This even works recursively."
  (if (listp filename)
      (cl-loop for f in filename do (find-file f wildcards))
    ad-do-it))
#+END_SRC

I also want to be able to have multiple instances of Eshell opened at once. For
that, I declared the function ~eshell-new~ that does exactly that.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun eshell-new()
  "Open a new instance of eshell."
  (interactive)
  (eshell 'N))
#+END_SRC

***** Redirect text editors to Emacs
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-Custom_functions-Redirect_text_editors_to_Emacs-dff362c6
:END:
I still have some stupid muscle memory telling me to open ~emacs~ in the
terminal, which is stupid with Eshell since I’m already inside Emacs. So, let’s
open each file passed to the ~emacs~ command and bury the eshell buffer (we’ll
get back to it later).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun eshell/emacs (&rest $files)
  "Open a file in a new buffer. Old habits die hard"
  (if $files
      (mapc #'find-file
            (mapcar #'expand-file-name
                    (eshell-flatten-list (reverse $files))))
    (bury-buffer)))
#+END_SRC

**** Environment variables
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-Environment_variables-8dac73e0
:END:
Some environment variables need to be correctly set so Eshell can correctly
work. The first environment variable to be set is the ~PATH~, as I have a couple
of directories where executables are located. Let’s add them to our path.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setenv "PATH"
        (concat
         (getenv "HOME") "/.pub-cache/bin"
         ":" (getenv "HOME") "/.local/bin"
         ":" (getenv "HOME") "/go/bin"
         ":" (getenv "HOME") "/.cargo/bin"
         ":" (getenv "HOME") "/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/bin"
         ":" (getenv "PATH")))
#+END_SRC

I would also like to set two environment variables related to Dart development:
the ~DART_SDK~ and ~ANDROID_HOME~ variables.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setenv "DART_SDK" "/opt/dart-sdk/bin")
(setenv "ANDROID_HOME" (concat (getenv "HOME") "/Android/Sdk/"))
#+END_SRC

Finally, I’d like to add a custom directory to the ~PKG_CONFIG_PATH~:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setenv "PKG_CONFIG_PATH" (concat
                           "/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/" ":"
                           (getenv "PKG_CONFIG_PATH")))
#+END_SRC

The ~EDITOR~ variable also needs to be set for git commands, especially the
~yadm~ commands.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setenv "EDITOR" "emacsclient -c")
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setenv "SHELL" "/bin/sh")
#+END_SRC

**** Eshell banner
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Eshell-Eshell-banner-12d63d67
:END:
The code creating the Eshell banner is a bit lengthy and requires some
additional explanations that would make the following chapter [[#User_Configuration-Eshell-Eshell_theme-a06715a9][Eshell theme]] too
long. So, here it is!

The banner for Eshell will collect some system information and display them
gracefully. These pieces of information are:
- The GNU/Linux distribution running (I do not use any other OS on my computer)
- The kernel name and its version
- The machine’s hostname
- Its uptime
- Its RAM and Swap usage
- How full are its mountpoints
Some of these information can be grabbed directly from Emacs built-in functions,
but some others need to be retrieved manually. Let’s first get into it with the
mounted partitions for which we’ll define a structure:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(cl-defstruct phundrak/mounted-partitions
  "Object representing a mounted partition found in the system"
  path size used percent)
#+END_SRC

We’ll also define a variable setting the maximum length of a partition path
before it gets abbreviated:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak//eshell-banner--max-length-part 13
  "Maximum length of a partition path")
#+END_SRC

Now, we can get our partitions. For this, we’ll make a call to the shell command
~df -lH~ and we’ll keep only the partitions mounted on a device stored in
~/dev~, for instance on ~/dev/sda~. And as mentioned above, if the mount path of
the partition exceeds the length specified by
~phundrak//eshell-banner--max-length-part~, it will get abbreviated by
[[#User-Configuration-Custom-functions-macros-and-variables-phundrak-abbr-path-559b46e3][~phundrak-abbr-path~]].
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak/get-mounted-partitions ()
  (let ((partitions (s-split "\n"
                             (shell-command-to-string "df -lH")
                             t)))
    (-keep (lambda (partition)
             (let* ((partition  (s-split " " partition t))
                    (filesystem (nth 0 partition))
                    (size       (nth 1 partition))
                    (used       (nth 2 partition))
                    (percent    (nth 4 partition))
                    (mount      (nth 5 partition)))
               (when (s-prefix? "/dev" filesystem)
                 (make-phundrak/mounted-partitions
                  :path (if (> phundrak//eshell-banner--max-length-part (length mount))
                            mount
                          (phundrak-abbr-path mount t))
                  :size size
                  :used used
                  :percent (string-to-number (s-chop-suffix "%" percent))))))
           partitions)))
#+END_SRC

We’ll need some padding for the name of the information displayed on the left
hand side of the banner. The maximum length without any partitions is eight
characters due to the text ~Hostname~, so if any partition path is longer than
this, the left padding will increase.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak//eshell-banner--get-left-pad (initial-pad partitions)
  (if partitions
      (let ((part-length (length (phundrak/mounted-partitions-path (car partitions)))))
        (phundrak//eshell-banner--get-left-pad (if (> part-length initial-pad)
                                                   part-length
                                                 initial-pad)
                                               (cdr partitions)))
    initial-pad))
#+END_SRC

Now, Let’s set three variables that will be used in the function following this
declaration. They will be used to determine in which color a percentage should
be displayed. I’ll consider any percentage below 60% to be acceptable and
therefore displayed in green. However, starting from this threshold, I want the
user to be noticed of the usage of whatever percentage shown that it has gone up
and it should be watched and displayed in yellow. Above 75%, the user should
consider this a warning, and the percentage will be displayed in orange. Above
90%, it is considered critical and the percentage will be displayed in red.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak//eshell-banner--critical-percentage 90)
(defvar phundrak//eshell-banner--warning-percentage  75)
(defvar phundrak//eshell-banner--notice-percentage   60)

(defun phundrak//eshell-banner--color-percentage (percentage)
  (cond
   ((> percentage phundrak//eshell-banner--critical-percentage)
    (with-face (format "%2d" percentage) :foreground phundrak-nord11))
   ((> percentage phundrak//eshell-banner--warning-percentage)
    (with-face (format "%2d" percentage) :foreground phundrak-nord12))
   ((> percentage phundrak//eshell-banner--notice-percentage)
    (with-face (format "%2d" percentage) :foreground phundrak-nord13))
   (t
    (with-face (format "%2d" percentage) :foreground phundrak-nord14))))
#+END_SRC

This function will be used when displaying progress bars. These will be used for
displaying the Ram, Swap and partitions usage of the system, displaying the used
part in red and the free part in green. For this, we just need to know the size
of the progress bar we wish to use as well as how full it should be. Note that
the percentage should be between 0 and 100.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak//eshell-banner--progress-bar (length percentage)
  (let* ((length-green (if (= 0 percentage)
                           0
                         (/ (* length percentage) 100)))
         (length-red   (- length length-green)))
    (concat (with-face "[" :weight 'bold)
            (with-face (s-repeat length-green "=")
                       :weight 'bold :foreground phundrak-nord14)
            (with-face (s-repeat length-red "=")
                       :weight 'bold :foreground phundrak-nord11)
            (with-face "]" :weight 'bold))))
#+END_SRC

This function will be used in two distinct functions: ~phundrak-eshell-banner~
which we will see later, and ~phundrak//eshell-banner--display-memory~ which we
will see now. This function displays information for the two types of memory we
have, RAM and Swap memory. Here is the definition of this function:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak//eshell-banner--display-memory (type used total text-padding ramp-length)
  (let ((percentage (if (= used 0)
                        0
                      (/ (* 100 used) total))))
    (concat (s-pad-right text-padding "." type)
            ": "
            (phundrak//eshell-banner--progress-bar ramp-length
                                                   percentage)
            (format " %6s / %-5s ("
                    (file-size-human-readable used)
                    (file-size-human-readable total))
            (phundrak//eshell-banner--color-percentage
             percentage)
            "%)\n")))
#+END_SRC

We now need a function for displaying partitions. As you can see, it will be
quite similar to the above one:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak//eshell-banner--display-partition (part left-pad ramp-length)
  (concat (s-pad-right left-pad "."
                       (with-face (phundrak/mounted-partitions-path part)
                                  :weight 'bold))
          ": "
          (phundrak//eshell-banner--progress-bar ramp-length
                                                 (phundrak/mounted-partitions-percent part))
          (format " %6s / %-5s (%s%%)"
                  (phundrak/mounted-partitions-used part)
                  (phundrak/mounted-partitions-size part)
                  (phundrak//eshell-banner--color-percentage (phundrak/mounted-partitions-percent part)))))
#+END_SRC

And we can now build our banner! Here is our function that does exactly that:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-eshell-banner ()
  (let* ((partitions        (phundrak/get-mounted-partitions))
         (os                (replace-regexp-in-string
                             ".*\"\\(.+\\)\""
                             "\\1"
                             (car (-filter (lambda (line)
                                             (s-contains? "PRETTY_NAME" line))
                                           (s-lines (phundrak-file-to-string "/etc/os-release"))))))
         (memory            (-map (lambda (line)
                                    (s-split " " line t))
                                  (s-split "\n"
                                           (shell-command-to-string "free -b | tail -2")
                                           t)))
         (ram               (nth 0 memory))
         (swap              (nth 1 memory))
         (ramp-length       41)
         (left-pad          (phundrak//eshell-banner--get-left-pad phundrak//eshell-banner--max-length-part partitions))
         (right-pad         8)
         (left-column-width 27))
    (concat (format "%s\n" (s-repeat 79 "="))
            ;; OS and Kernel
            (format "%s: %s%s: %s\n"
                    (s-pad-right left-pad "." "OS")
                    (s-pad-right left-column-width
                                 " "
                                 (with-face (s-trim os)
                                            :weight 'bold))
                    (s-pad-right right-pad "." "Kernel")
                    (with-face (concat "Linux " operating-system-release)
                               :weight 'bold))
            ;; Hostname and Uptime
            (format "%s: %s%s: %s\n"
                    (s-pad-right left-pad "." "Hostname")
                    (s-pad-right left-column-width
                                 " "
                                 (with-face (system-name) :weight 'bold))
                    (s-pad-right right-pad "." "Uptime")
                    (with-face (s-chop-prefix "up "
                                              (s-trim (shell-command-to-string "uptime -p")))
                               :weight 'bold))
            ;; RAM ramp
            (phundrak//eshell-banner--display-memory "Ram"
                                                    (string-to-number (nth 2 ram))
                                                    (string-to-number (nth 1 ram))
                                                    left-pad
                                                    ramp-length)
            ;; SWAP ramp
            (phundrak//eshell-banner--display-memory "Swap"
                                                    (string-to-number (nth 2 swap))
                                                    (string-to-number (nth 1 swap))
                                                    left-pad
                                                    ramp-length)
            ;; Partitions
            (mapconcat (lambda (part)
                         (phundrak//eshell-banner--display-partition part left-pad ramp-length))
                       partitions
                       "\n")
            (format "\n%s\n" (s-repeat 79 "=")))))
#+END_SRC

We now only have to set the result of this function as our Eshell banner. Since
a simple ~setq~ would only run ~phundrak-eshell-banner~ once when Emacs starts,
we’ll actually make Emacs set the value of ~eshell-banner-message~ each time it
is required by Eshell with a hook:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'eshell-banner-load-hook
          (lambda ()
            (setq eshell-banner-message (phundrak-eshell-banner))))
#+END_SRC

**** Eshell theme and prompt
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-Eshell_theme-a06715a9
:END:
As with most shells, again, it is possible to customize the appearance of the
Eshell prompt. As you can see, my prompt has some Nord colors, a shortened path,
a git prompt, and an indicator of whether the previous command succeeded or
failed. Note however that the abbreviation of the current path depends on the
value of ~phundrak-prompt--abbreviate~, if it is ~t~ it is abbreviated;
otherwise, it is kept in full. It can be toggled with a keyboard shortcut, see
[[#User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Toggle-d53c27ef][Keybindings: Toggle]].
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak-eshell-prompt ()
  "Definition of my prompt for Eshell
It displays a powerline prompt, with first an abbreviated path to
the current directory. If `phundrak-prompt--abbreviate' is `t',
then all preceding directories will be abbreviated to one
character, except hidden directory which first character will be
preceded by a dot. Otherwise, the full name of the directories is
displayed.

Then, if the current directory is a git repository or one of its
subdirectories, it will display the current state of the
repository. See `phundrak-eshell-git-status'

Finally, a lambda character is displayed, either in blue or in
red depending on if the last eshell command was a success or a
failure respectively."
  (let* ((header-bg   phundrak-nord0)
         ($path       (phundrak-abbr-path (eshell/pwd)))
         ($git-path   (phundrak-git-repo-root $path))
         ($abbr-path  (phundrak-abbr-path $path phundrak-prompt--abbreviate))
         ($background phundrak-nord1)
         ($foreground phundrak-nord14)
         ($success    phundrak-nord10)
         ($error      phundrak-nord11))
    (concat (with-face (concat " "
                               (phundrak-abbr-path (if $git-path
                                                       $git-path
                                                     $path)
                                                   phundrak-prompt--abbreviate)
                               " ")
                       :foreground $foreground
                       :background $background)
            (when $git-path
              (concat (phundrak-eshell-git-status $path $background)
                      (with-face (format "%s "
                                         (let (($in-git-path (phundrak-abbr-path (f-relative $path $git-path)
                                                                                 phundrak-prompt--abbreviate)))
                                           (if (string= "." $in-git-path)
                                               ""
                                             (concat " " $in-git-path))))
                                 :foreground $foreground
                                 :background $background)))
            (with-face "λ "
                       :foreground (if (zerop eshell-last-command-status)
                                       $success
                                     $error)
                       :background $background)
            (with-face "" :foreground $background)
            " ")))
#+END_SRC

Now, let’s declare our prompt regexp and our prompt functions:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq eshell-prompt-regexp "^[^\n]*λ  "
      eshell-prompt-function 'phundrak-eshell-prompt)
#+END_SRC

I also don't want the banner to be displayed, I know I entered the Elisp shell,
no need to remind me. Maybe I’ll do something with it one day.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq eshell-banner-message "")
#+END_SRC

Finally, let’s enable some fish-like syntax highlighting:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(eshell-syntax-highlighting-global-mode +1)
#+END_SRC

***** TODO Fix right column padding                            :noexport:
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Eshell-Eshell-theme-and-prompt-Fix-right-column-padding-960cf0cb
:END:
The uptime can get longer than allocated in the banner and be longer than the
theoretical longest line the banner can be. Execute the ~uptime~ command, find
out the length of the result and compute the padding based on the maximum length
between the kernel’s name and the uptime’s length.

***** TODO Add battery level to banner                         :noexport:
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Eshell-Eshell-theme-and-prompt-Add-battery-level-to-banner-7ef9bd5a
:END:
Add battery level to banner if computer is a laptop, and display if it is
charging or discharging. See [[https://tecosaur.github.io/emacs-config/config.html#simple-settings][Tecosaur’s config]] for a way to detect if a battery
is present or not (basically use the function ~battery~).

**** Visual commands
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Eshell-Visual_commands-2b15e0dc
:END:
With Eshell, some commands don’t work very well, especially commands that create
a TUI. So, let’s declare them as visual commands or subcommands:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq eshell-visual-commands
      '("fish" "zsh" "bash" "tmux" "htop" "top" "vim" "bat" "nano")
      eshell-visual-subcommands
      '("git" "log" "l" "diff" "show"))
#+END_SRC

*** Org-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-04ab8ad3
:header-args:emacs-lisp: :tangle no :exports code :results silent
:END:
Org-mode is probably one of the best if not the best Emacs feature I have ever
discovered. It is awesome for writing documents, regardless of the format you
need it to be exported to, for agenda management, and for literary programming,
such as with this document.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(with-eval-after-load 'org
  ;; configuration goes here
  )
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/user-config.el :exports none :noweb yes
(with-eval-after-load 'org
  ;; agenda
  <<org-agenda-files>>
  <<org-agenda-commands>>
  ;; Babel
  <<org-babel-load-languages>>
  <<org-babel-set-geiser>>
  <<org-src-tab-acts-natively>>
  <<org-confirm-babel>>
  ;; Beautiful org
  <<beautiful-org-hooks>>
  <<beautiful-org-options>>
  <<beautiful-org-fontify-blocks>>
  <<beautiful-org-fontify-inline>>
  <<beautiful-org-images>>
  <<beautiful-org-latex-inline>>
  <<beautiful-org-latex-inline-transparent>>
  <<beautiful-org-macro-ellipsis-markers>>
  <<beautiful-org-hide-dots>>
  ;; Capture
  <<org-capture-target-files>>
  <<org-capture-templates>>
  ;; Custom functions
  ;;;; Better IDs
  <<org-better-id-new>>
  <<org-better-id-get>>
  <<org-better-id-add-ids>>
  <<org-better-id-hooks>>
  ;; File export
  <<org-use-sub-superscripts>>
  ;;;; Latex
  <<org-latex-compiler>>
  <<org-latex-listings>>
  <<org-latex-default-packages>>
  <<org-export-latex-hyperref-format>>
  <<org-latex-pdf-process>>
  ;;;; HTML
  <<org-re-reveal-root>>
  <<org-html-validation>>
  ;; Latex Formats
  <<org-latex-classes>>
  ;; Projects
  <<org-publish-projects>>
  ;; Variables
  ;;;; Behavior
  <<org-use-property-inheritance>>
  <<org-list-allow-alphabetical>>
  <<org-src-block-lsp>>
  <<org-M-RET-may-split-line>>
  <<org-src-window-setup>>
  <<org-src-window-toggle>>
  <<org-id-link-to-org>>
  ;;;; User information
  <<org-user-information>>
  )
#+END_SRC

**** Agenda
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_agenda-53f9d319
:END:
One awesome feature of Org mode is the agenda. By default, my agendas are stored
in =~/org/agenda=.
#+NAME: org-agenda-files
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-agenda-files (list "~/org/agenda" "~/org/notes.org"))
#+END_SRC

I also have a custom command in Org agenda to mark some tasks as daily tasks
with the =:DAILY:= tag,:
#+NAME: org-agenda-custom-commands
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
      '(("h" "Daily habits"
         ((agenda ""))
         ((org-agenda-show-log t)
          (org-agenda-ndays 7)
          (org-agenda-log-mode-items '(state))
          (org-agenda-skip-function
           '(org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notregexp
                                      ":DAILY:"))))
        ("Y" "Yearly events"
         ((agenda ""))
         ((org-agenda-show-log t)
          (org-agenda-ndays 365)
          (org-agenda-log-mode-items '(state))
          (org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notregexp
                                    ":YEARLY:")))))
#+END_SRC

**** Babel
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_babel_languages-c062fc16
:END:
One of the amazing features of org-mode is its literary programming capacities
by running code blocks from within Org-mode itself. But for that, only a couple
of languages are supported directly by Org-mode itself, and they need to be
activated. Here are the languages I activated in my Org-mode configuration:
#+NAME: org-babel-languages-table
| C            |
| dot          |
| emacs-lisp   |
| gnuplot      |
| latex        |
| latex-as-png |
| makefile     |
| plantuml     |
| python       |
| restclient   |
| sass         |
| scheme       |
| shell        |

#+NAME: org-babel-languages-gen
#+header: :cache yes :results replace
#+header: :var languages=org-babel-languages-table[,0]
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
(format "'(%s)"
        (mapconcat (lambda ($language)
                     (format "(%s . t)" $language))
                   languages
                   "\n  "))
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[71d98616bf4f1351ca93aea4972be0ba58057230]: org-babel-languages-gen
#+begin_example
'((C . t)
  (dot . t)
  (emacs-lisp . t)
  (gnuplot . t)
  (latex . t)
  (latex-as-png . t)
  (makefile . t)
  (plantuml . t)
  (python . t)
  (restclient . t)
  (sass . t)
  (scheme . t)
  (shell . t))
#+end_example

The corresponding code is as follows:
#+NAME: org-babel-load-languages
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(org-babel-do-load-languages
 'org-babel-load-languages
 <<org-babel-languages-gen()>>)
#+END_SRC

Scheme requires a default implementation for geiser:
#+NAME: org-babel-set-geiser
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq geiser-default-implementation 'racket)
#+END_SRC

By the way, I wish to see source code behave the same way in the source blocks
as in their own major mode. Let’s tell Emacs so:
#+NAME: org-src-tab-acts-natively
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-src-tab-acts-natively t)
#+END_SRC

Lastly, I know this can be a terrible idea, but I want Emacs to just evaluate
Org code blocks without asking me. Of course, this could represent some big
security issue if not careful enough, but I generaly just open my own org files.
#+NAME: org-confirm-babel
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil)
#+END_SRC

**** Beautify Org-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Beautify-Org-mode-0506af2f
:END:
As I will always say, orgmode is an amazing piece of software that deserves
particular care and love. That is why I want to give it a unique look and feel
compared to the rest of my Emacs configuration, in order to make it feel much
more comfortable. You will find below how my org buffers look like when I open
one of them.

#+begin_export html
<p><img src="./img/org-mode.svg" alt="Screenshot of an org-mode buffer" style="max-height: 900px" /></p>
#+end_export

In order to make org-mode even sexier, let’s enable ~variable-pitch-mode~ for
org-mode so we can get some proportional font. I’ll also remove ~auto-fill-mode~
which seems to stick to Orgmode like hell and I don’t know why.
#+NAME: beautiful-org-hooks
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'visual-line-mode)
(remove-hook 'org-mode-hook 'auto-fill-mode)
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'variable-pitch-mode)
(auto-fill-mode -1)
#+END_SRC

You can then see the modified faces for org-mode [[#User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Better-faces-Org-mode-07754177][here]].

By default, I would like my org-mode buffers to be indented and tables to be
aligned.
#+NAME: beautiful-org-options
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-startup-indented t
      org-startup-align-all-tables t)
#+END_SRC

***** Fontifying parts of org-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-Beautify-Org-mode-Fontifying-parts-of-org-mode-f690ee40
:END:
Some blocks of org-mode should have their own face, such as the whole heading
line, the done headline, the quote and the verse blocks,… actually, let’s enable
that for all of them.
#+name: beautiful-org-fontify-blocks
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-pretty-entities t
      org-fontify-whole-heading-line t
      org-fontify-done-headline t
      org-fontify-quote-and-verse-blocks t)
#+END_SRC

***** Fontifying inline src blocks
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-Beautify-Org-mode-Fontifying-inline-src-blocks-bf879724
:END:
When it comes to source blocks in org-mode, Emacs handle them really well with
some beautiful syntax highlight thanks to the the languages’ major mode and
their font-locks. But inline src blocks are the forgotten child and get next to
no love, which is really sad ; I want it to feel loved, to stand out from the
crowd and to give me what its brother gives me already!

Enters [[https://tecosaur.github.io/emacs-config/config.html#fontifying-inline-src][Tecosaur’s config]]! With ~org-src-font-lock-fontify-block~, anything’s
possible! And ~{{{results(...)}}}~ can also have the ~org-block~ face applied to
match and make org-mode even more beautiful! Let’s do it:
#+name: beautiful-org-fontify-inline
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar org-prettify-inline-results t
  "Whether to use (ab)use prettify-symbols-mode on
{{{results(...)}}}.")

(defun org-fontify-inline-src-blocks (limit)
  "Try to apply `org-fontify-inline-src-blocks-1'."
  (condition-case nil
      (org-fontify-inline-src-blocks-1 limit)
    (error (message "Org mode fontification error in %S at %d"
                    (current-buffer)
                    (line-number-at-pos)))))

(defun org-fontify-inline-src-blocks-1 (limit)
  "Fontify inline src_LANG blocks, from `point' up to `LIMIT'."
  (let ((case-fold-search t))
    (when
        ; stolen from `org-element-inline-src-block-parser'
        (re-search-forward "\\_<src_\\([^ \t\n[{]+\\)[{[]?" limit t)
      (let ((beg (match-beginning 0))
            pt
            (lang-beg (match-beginning 1))
            (lang-end (match-end 1)))
        (remove-text-properties beg lang-end '(face nil))
        (font-lock-append-text-property lang-beg lang-end 'face 'org-meta-line)
        (font-lock-append-text-property beg lang-beg 'face 'shadow)
        (font-lock-append-text-property beg lang-end 'face 'org-block)
        (setq pt (goto-char lang-end))
        (when (org-element--parse-paired-brackets ?\[)
          (remove-text-properties pt (point) '(face nil))
          (font-lock-append-text-property pt
                                          (point)
                                          'face
                                          'org-block)
          (setq pt (point)))
        (when (org-element--parse-paired-brackets ?\{)
          (remove-text-properties pt (point) '(face nil))
          (font-lock-append-text-property pt
                                          (1+ pt)
                                          'face
                                          '(org-block shadow))
          (unless (= (1+ pt) (1- (point)))
            (if org-src-fontify-natively
                (org-src-font-lock-fontify-block
                 (buffer-substring-no-properties lang-beg
                                                 lang-end)
                 (1+ pt)
                 (1- (point)))
              (font-lock-append-text-property (1+ pt)
                                              (1- (point))
                                              'face
                                              'org-block)))
          (font-lock-append-text-property (1- (point))
                                          (point)
                                          'face
                                          '(org-block shadow))
          (setq pt (point)))
        (when (and org-prettify-inline-results
                   (re-search-forward "\\= {{{results(" limit t))
          (font-lock-append-text-property pt
                                          (1+ pt)
                                          'face
                                          'org-block)
          (goto-char pt))))
    (when (and org-prettify-inline-results
               (re-search-forward "{{{results(\\(.+?\\))}}}"
                                  limit t))
      (remove-list-of-text-properties (match-beginning 0)
                                      (point)
                                      '(composition prettify-symbols-start prettify-symbols-end))
      (font-lock-append-text-property (match-beginning 0)
                                      (match-end 0)
                                      'face
                                      'org-block)
      (let ((start (match-beginning 0))
            (end (match-beginning 1)))
        (with-silent-modifications (compose-region start end "⟨")
                                   (add-text-properties start
                                                        end
                                                        `(prettify-symbols-start ,start prettify-symbols-end
                                                                                 ,end))))
      (let ((start (match-end 1))
            (end (point)))
        (with-silent-modifications (compose-region start end "⟩")
                                   (add-text-properties start
                                                        end
                                                        `(prettify-symbols-start ,start prettify-symbols-end
                                                                                 ,end)))))))

(defun org-fontify-inline-src-blocks-enable ()
  "Add inline src fontification to font-lock in Org.
Must be run as part of `org-font-lock-set-keywords-hook'."
  (setq org-font-lock-extra-keywords
        (append org-font-lock-extra-keywords '((org-fontify-inline-src-blocks)))))

(add-hook 'org-font-lock-set-keywords-hook #'org-fontify-inline-src-blocks-enable)
#+END_SRC

***** Images in org-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-Beautify-Org-mode-Images-in-org-mode-8cf9bb6c
:END:
By default, images should be displayed inline, but not with a too large width. I
found that 550px fits well, since that is roughly the average width of the text
when ~org-fill-paragraph~ is called. Let’s also tell org-mode to display images
as inline images and redisplay them when needed.
#+NAME: beautiful-org-images
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-image-actual-width 550
      org-redisplay-inline-images t
      org-display-inline-images t
      org-startup-with-inline-images "inlineimages")
#+END_SRC

***** Prettier LaTeX inline rendering
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-Beautify-Org-mode-Prettier-LaTeX-inline-rendering-66605d3c
:END:
[[https://tecosaur.github.io/emacs-config/config.html#prettier-rendering][Tecosaur strikes again]]! Let’s admit it, inline LaTeX code looks cool, properly
formatted LaTeX inline fragments look rad! Let’s fix their appearance:
#+name: beautiful-org-latex-inline
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-format-latex-header "\\documentclass{article}
\\usepackage[usenames]{color}

\\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\\usepackage{booktabs}

\\pagestyle{empty}             % do not remove
% The settings below are copied from fullpage.sty
\\setlength{\\textwidth}{\\paperwidth}
\\addtolength{\\textwidth}{-3cm}
\\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{1.5cm}
\\addtolength{\\oddsidemargin}{-2.54cm}
\\setlength{\\evensidemargin}{\\oddsidemargin}
\\setlength{\\textheight}{\\paperheight}
\\addtolength{\\textheight}{-\\headheight}
\\addtolength{\\textheight}{-\\headsep}
\\addtolength{\\textheight}{-\\footskip}
\\addtolength{\\textheight}{-3cm}
\\setlength{\\topmargin}{1.5cm}
\\addtolength{\\topmargin}{-2.54cm}
% my custom stuff
\\usepackage[nofont,plaindd]{bmc-maths}
\\usepackage{arev}
")
#+END_SRC

And I much prefer when LaTeX fragments are transparent, so let’s make them.
#+name: beautiful-org-latex-inline-transparent
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-format-latex-options
      (plist-put org-format-latex-options :background "Transparent"))
#+END_SRC

***** Symbols
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-Beautify-Org-mode-Symbols-042d7374
:END:
I visually prefer to have a nicer folding icon in Emacs and the markers of macros hidden.
#+NAME: beautiful-org-macro-ellipsis-markers
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-hide-macro-markers t
      org-ellipsis " ")
#+END_SRC

I also have an issue where small dots precede my org headers. Let’s fix that:
#+NAME: beautiful-org-hide-dots
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-hide-leading-stars nil
      org-superstar-leading-bullet ?\s)
#+END_SRC

***** TODO Fix org-appear                                      :noexport:
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-Beautify-Org-mode-Fix-org-appear-709f555f
:END:
**** Behavior
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_variables-Org_behavior-0319db38
:END:
Something really neat I learned about is the ability of org headers to inherit
properties from parent headers. Let’s enable that!
#+NAME: org-use-property-inheritance
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-use-property-inheritance t)
#+END_SRC

Sometimes, I also want to have alphabetical lists in org-mode:
#+NAME: org-list-allow-alphabetical
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-list-allow-alphabetical t)
#+END_SRC

LSP can work in source blocks, but some work is needed (shamelessly stolen [[https://tecosaur.github.io/emacs-config/config.html#lsp-support-src][from
here]], though modified a tiny bit). Here are the languages I want to activate LSP
for in this environment:
#+NAME: org-lsp-languages-src-blocks-table
| c      |
| c++    |
| dart   |
| python |
| rust   |

#+NAME: org-lsp-languages-src-blocks-gen
#+header: :cache yes :results replace
#+header: :var languages=org-lsp-languages-src-blocks-table[,0]
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :exports none
(mapconcat (lambda (lang)
             (format "\"%s\"" lang))
           languages
           " ")
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[cbfba838da4510647d09bfd0fd2f20996c8cad38]: org-lsp-languages-src-blocks-gen
: "c" "c++" "dart" "python" "rust"

And here is the code to activate that:
#+NAME: org-src-block-lsp
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(cl-defmacro lsp-org-babel-enable (lang)
  "Support LANG in org source code block."
  (setq centaur-lsp 'lsp-mode)
  (cl-check-type lang stringp)
  (let* ((edit-pre (intern (format "org-babel-edit-prep:%s" lang)))
         (intern-pre (intern (format "lsp--%s" (symbol-name edit-pre)))))
    `(progn
       (defun ,intern-pre (info)
         (let ((file-name (->> info caddr (alist-get :file))))
           (unless file-name
             (setq file-name (make-temp-file "babel-lsp-")))
           (setq buffer-file-name file-name)
           (lsp-deferred)))
       (put ',intern-pre 'function-documentation
            (format "Enable lsp-mode in the buffer of org source block (%s)."
                    (upcase ,lang)))
       (if (fboundp ',edit-pre)
           (advice-add ',edit-pre :after ',intern-pre)
         (progn
           (defun ,edit-pre (info)
             (,intern-pre info))
           (put ',edit-pre 'function-documentation
                (format "Prepare local buffer environment for org source block (%s)."
                        (upcase ,lang))))))))
(defvar org-babel-lsp-lang-list
  '(<<org-lsp-languages-src-blocks-gen()>>))
(dolist (lang org-babel-lsp-lang-list)
  (eval `(lsp-org-babel-enable ,lang)))
#+END_SRC

Here is one behavior that I really want to see modified: the ability to use
~M-RET~ without slicing the text the marker is on.
#+NAME: org-M-RET-may-split-line
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-M-RET-may-split-line nil)
#+END_SRC

Since Org 9.3, Org no longer attempts to restore the window configuration in the
frame to which the user returns after editing a source block with
~org-edit-src-code~. This means with the original value of
~org-src-window-setup~ (~reorganize-frame~), the current frame will be split in
two between the original org window and the source window, and once we quit the
source window only the org window will remain. This is not a desired behavior
for me, so I chose to set this variable to ~split-window-right~ in order to keep
my windows organization and have a similar behavior to the old one.
#+NAME: org-src-window-setup
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-src-window-setup 'split-window-below)
#+END_SRC

However, it is not rare that I want to change that for an horizontal split,
which can be achieved with the value ~split-window-below~. Thus, I have made
this function that allows me to switch between the (default) vertical split and
the horizontal split.
#+NAME: org-src-window-toggle
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak/toggle-org-src-window-split ()
  "This function allows the user to toggle the behavior of
`org-edit-src-code'. If the variable `org-src-window-setup' has
the value `split-window-right', then it will be changed to
`split-window-below'. Otherwise, it will be set back to
`split-window-right'"
  (interactive)
  (if (equal org-src-window-setup 'split-window-right)
      (setq org-src-window-setup 'split-window-below)
    (setq org-src-window-setup 'split-window-right))
  (message "Org-src buffers will now split %s"
           (if (equal org-src-window-setup 'split-window-right)
               "vertically"
             "horizontally")))
#+END_SRC

When creating a link to an Org flie, I want to create an ID only if the link is
created interactively, and only if there is no custom ID already created.
#+NAME: org-id-link-to-org
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-id-link-to-org-use-id 'create-if-interactive-and-no-custom-id)
#+END_SRC

The tag ~:noexport:~ is fine and all, but it doesn’t allow for hidden org
structures, that is headers that are visible in the org buffer but once the file
is exported to another format the header disappears but its content stays.
~ox-extra~ has such a feature through ~ignore-headlines~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(require 'ox-extra)
(ox-extras-activate '(ignore-headlines))
#+END_SRC
This gives us access to the ~:ignore:~ tag which allows the behavior above
mentioned.

**** Capture
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_capture-f58979cf
:header-args:org: :mkdirp yes :padline no
:END:
Org-capture is an amazing feature of Org-mode which allows me to quickly save
links, resources, reminders, and notes in neatly organized org files. Here they
are described:
#+NAME: org-capture-target-files
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar org-conlanging-file "~/org/conlanging.org")
(defvar org-default-notes-file "~/org/notes.org")
(defvar org-journal-file "~/org/journal.org")
(defvar org-linguistics-notes-file "~/org/linguistics-notes.org")
(defvar org-novel-notes-file "~/org/novel-notes.org")
(defvar org-private-agenda-file "~/org/agenda/private.org")
(defvar org-school-agenda-file "~/org/agenda/school.org")
(defvar org-wordbuilding-file "~/org/worldbuilding.org")
#+END_SRC

With Spacemacs, an Org capture can be invoked with the shortcut ~SPC a o c~. It
will then ask which template I wish to use. In the table below are described the
shortcuts that are available after ~SPC a o c~ is invoked. The /name/ will be
the one displayed in Org capture’s interface, the /title/ is the headline where
to save the capture (if it does not differ from the capture’s name, the cell
will be blank). The /insertion mode/ tells Emacs how to add the capture to the
/file/, using which /template/. A line with no insertion mode, file, or template
is just a category. All of the following insert entries to their org files, that
is a new org node with a headline and some content.
#+NAME: org-capture-shortcuts-table
| Shortcut | Name          | Title     | Insertion mode | file                    | template                 |
|----------+---------------+-----------+----------------+-------------------------+--------------------------|
| e        | Email         |           |                |                         |                          |
| ew       | Write Email   | Emails    | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | emails.orgcaptmpl        |
| j        | Journal       |           | file+datetree  | org-journal-file        | journal.orgcaptmpl       |
| l        | Link          |           |                |                         |                          |
| ll       | General       |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | link.orgcaptmpl          |
| ly       | YouTube       |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | youtube.orgcaptmpl       |
| L        | Protocol Link | Link      | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | protocol-link.orgcaptmpl |
| n        | Notes         |           |                |                         |                          |
| nc       | Conlanging    | Note      | file+headline  | org-conlanging-file     | notes.orgcaptmpl         |
| nn       | General       |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | notes.orgcaptmpl         |
| nN       | Novel         | Note      | file+headline  | org-novel-notes-file    | notes.orgcaptmpl         |
| nq       | Quote         |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | notes-quote.orgcaptmpl   |
| nw       | Worldbuilding | Note      | file+headline  | org-wordbuilding-file   | notes.orgcaptmpl         |
| N        | Novel         |           |                |                         |                          |
| Ni       | Ideas         |           | file+headline  | org-novel-notes-file    | notes.orgcaptmpl         |
| p        | Protocol      | Link      | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | protocol.orgcaptmpl      |
| r        | Resources     |           |                |                         |                          |
| rc       | Conlanging    | Resources | file+headline  | org-conlanging-file     | resource.orgcaptmpl      |
| re       | Emacs         |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | resource.orgcaptmpl      |
| ri       | Informatique  |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | resource.orgcaptmpl      |
| rl       | Linguistics   |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | resource.orgcaptmpl      |
| rL       | Linux         |           | file+headline  | org-default-notes-file  | resource.orgcaptmpl      |
| rw       | Worldbuilding | Resources | file+headline  | org-wordbuilding-file   | resource.orgcaptmpl      |
| t        | Tasks         |           |                |                         |                          |
| tb       | Birthday      |           | file+headline  | org-private-agenda-file | birthday.orgcaptmpl      |
| te       | Event         |           | file+headline  | org-private-agenda-file | event.orgcaptmpl         |
| th       | Health        |           | file+headline  | org-private-agenda-file | health.orgcaptmpl        |
| ti       | Informatique  |           | file+headline  | org-private-agenda-file | informatique.orgcaptmpl  |

#+NAME: org-capture-shortcut-gen
#+header: :exports none :cache yes :results replace
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var table=org-capture-shortcuts-table
(format "'(%s)"
        (mapconcat (lambda (entry)
                     (let* ((shortcut   (nth 0 entry))
                            (name       (nth 1 entry))
                            (title      (nth 2 entry))
                            (insertmode (nth 3 entry))
                            (fileinsert (nth 4 entry))
                            (sourceorg  (nth 5 entry)))
                       (if (string= "" insertmode)
                           (format "(\"%s\" \"%s\")" shortcut name)
                         (concat (format "(\"%s\" \"%s\" entry\n" shortcut name)
                                 (format "    (%s %s%s)\n" insertmode fileinsert
                                         (if (string= "file+datetree" insertmode) ""
                                           (format " \"%s\"" (if (string= "" title) name title))))
                                 (format "    (file \"~/org/capture/%s\"))" sourceorg)))) )
                   table "\n  "))
#+END_SRC

#+RESULTS[ec10a65e789d0f3d318de419a7c08e1f41dcb65a]: org-capture-shortcut-gen
#+begin_example
'(("e" "Email")
  ("ew" "Write Email" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Emails")
    (file "~/org/capture/emails.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("j" "Journal" entry
    (file+datetree org-journal-file)
    (file "~/org/capture/journal.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("l" "Link")
  ("ll" "General" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "General")
    (file "~/org/capture/link.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("ly" "YouTube" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "YouTube")
    (file "~/org/capture/youtube.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("L" "Protocol Link" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Link")
    (file "~/org/capture/protocol-link.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("n" "Notes")
  ("nc" "Conlanging" entry
    (file+headline org-conlanging-file "Note")
    (file "~/org/capture/notes.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("nn" "General" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "General")
    (file "~/org/capture/notes.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("nN" "Novel" entry
    (file+headline org-novel-notes-file "Note")
    (file "~/org/capture/notes.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("nq" "Quote" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Quote")
    (file "~/org/capture/notes-quote.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("nw" "Worldbuilding" entry
    (file+headline org-wordbuilding-file "Note")
    (file "~/org/capture/notes.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("N" "Novel")
  ("Ni" "Ideas" entry
    (file+headline org-novel-notes-file "Ideas")
    (file "~/org/capture/notes.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("p" "Protocol" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Link")
    (file "~/org/capture/protocol.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("r" "Resources")
  ("rc" "Conlanging" entry
    (file+headline org-conlanging-file "Resources")
    (file "~/org/capture/resource.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("re" "Emacs" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Emacs")
    (file "~/org/capture/resource.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("ri" "Informatique" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Informatique")
    (file "~/org/capture/resource.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("rl" "Linguistics" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Linguistics")
    (file "~/org/capture/resource.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("rL" "Linux" entry
    (file+headline org-default-notes-file "Linux")
    (file "~/org/capture/resource.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("rw" "Worldbuilding" entry
    (file+headline org-wordbuilding-file "Resources")
    (file "~/org/capture/resource.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("t" "Tasks")
  ("tb" "Birthday" entry
    (file+headline org-private-agenda-file "Birthday")
    (file "~/org/capture/birthday.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("te" "Event" entry
    (file+headline org-private-agenda-file "Event")
    (file "~/org/capture/event.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("th" "Health" entry
    (file+headline org-private-agenda-file "Health")
    (file "~/org/capture/health.orgcaptmpl"))
  ("ti" "Informatique" entry
    (file+headline org-private-agenda-file "Informatique")
    (file "~/org/capture/informatique.orgcaptmpl")))
#+end_example

Below you can find the equivalent code as described above.
#+NAME: org-capture-templates
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(setq
 org-capture-templates
 <<org-capture-shortcut-gen()>>)
#+END_SRC

You may notice a capture entry for my journal, and this is due to the fact I do
not use ~org-journal~ anymore: it was too overpowered for me, and I prefer to
keep it simple with a single file. And as you can see, and unlike a lot of other
Emacs configurations, the content of the template is not set in the variable,
but in external files which can be modified freely as actual Org buffers instead
of trying to get a proper one with loads of ~\n~ characters and such. All these
templates are declared below.

My org capture templates are not tangled into my Emacs configuration
files, but into separate ~.orgcaptmpl~ files stored into =~/org/capture/=.
You can find these in my repository [[https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles/src/branch/master/org/capture][here]] or [[https://github.com/Phundrak/dotfiles/tree/master/org/capture][here]].

**** Custom org-mode functions
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Custom_org-mode_functions-f1726995
:END:
We begin with a couple of custom functions that I use in my org-mode files.

***** Custom and unique headings ID
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Custom_org-mode_functions-Custom_and_unique_headings_ID-44d2beaf
:END:
The first ones are dedicated to provide org-mode headings a fixed and unique ID
that won’t change over time. This code was taken from
[[https://writequit.org/articles/emacs-org-mode-generate-ids.html][https://writequit.org/articles/emacs-org-mode-generate-ids.html]]. The first
function’s job is to create these unique IDs
#+NAME: org-better-id-new
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun eos/org-id-new (&optional prefix)
  "Create a new globally unique ID.

An ID consists of two parts separated by a colon:
- a prefix
- a unique part that will be created according to
  `org-id-method'.

PREFIX can specify the prefix, the default is given by the
variable `org-id-prefix'. However, if PREFIX is the symbol
`none', don't use any prefix even if `org-id-prefix' specifies
one.

So a typical ID could look like \"Org-4nd91V40HI\"."
  (let* ((prefix (if (eq prefix 'none)
                     ""
                   (concat (or prefix org-id-prefix)
                           "-"))) unique)
    (when (equal prefix "-")
      (setq prefix ""))
    (cond
     ((memq org-id-method
            '(uuidgen uuid))
      (setq unique (org-trim (shell-command-to-string org-id-uuid-program)))
      (unless (org-uuidgen-p unique)
        (setq unique (org-id-uuid))))
     ((eq org-id-method 'org)
      (let* ((etime (org-reverse-string (org-id-time-to-b36)))
             (postfix (when org-id-include-domain
                        (progn
                          (require 'message)
                          (concat "@"
                                  (message-make-fqdn))))))
        (setq unique (concat etime postfix))))
     (t (error "Invalid `org-id-method'")))
    (concat prefix (car (split-string unique "-")))))
#+END_SRC

Now, let’s see the function that will be used to get the custom id of a heading
at point. If the function does not detect any custom ID, then one should be
created and inserted.
#+NAME: org-better-id-get
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun eos/org-custom-id-get (&optional pom create prefix)
  "Get the CUSTOM_ID property of the entry at point-or-marker POM.
If POM is nil, refer to the entry at point. If the entry does not
have an CUSTOM_ID, the function returns nil. However, when CREATE
is non nil, create a CUSTOM_ID if none is present already. PREFIX
will be passed through to `eos/org-id-new'. In any case, the
CUSTOM_ID of the entry is returned."
  (interactive)
  (org-with-point-at pom
    (let* ((orgpath (mapconcat #'identity (org-get-outline-path) "-"))
           (heading (replace-regexp-in-string
                     "[_-]+$" ""
                     (replace-regexp-in-string
                      "[-_]+" "-"
                      (replace-regexp-in-string
                       "[^a-zA-Z0-9-_]" "-"
                       (if (string= orgpath "")
                           (org-get-heading t t t t)
                         (concat orgpath "_" (org-get-heading t t t t)))))))
           (id (org-entry-get nil "CUSTOM_ID")))
      (cond
       ((and id
             (stringp id)
             (string-match "\\S-" id)) id)
       (create (setq id (eos/org-id-new (concat prefix heading)))
               (org-entry-put pom "CUSTOM_ID" id)
               (org-id-add-location id
                                    (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer)))
               id)))))
#+END_SRC

Finally, this is the function that gets called on file saves. If the function
detects ~auto-id:t~ among the org options in the ~#+OPTIONS:~ header, then the
above function is called.
#+NAME: org-better-id-add-ids
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun eos/org-add-ids-to-headlines-in-file ()
  "Add CUSTOM_ID properties to all headlines in the current file
which do not already have one.

Only adds ids if the `auto-id' option is set to `t' in the file
somewhere. ie, #+OPTIONS: auto-id:t"
  (interactive)
  (save-excursion
    (widen)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (when (re-search-forward "^#\\+OPTIONS:.*auto-id:t" (point-max) t)
      (org-map-entries (lambda () (eos/org-custom-id-get (point) 'create))))))
#+END_SRC

Let’s add a hook to the above function so it is called automatically on save,
and only in read-write functions.
#+NAME: org-better-id-hooks
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
            (add-hook 'before-save-hook
                      (lambda ()
                        (when (and (eq major-mode 'org-mode)
                                   (eq buffer-read-only nil))
                          (eos/org-add-ids-to-headlines-in-file))))))
#+END_SRC

**** File export
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_files_exports-1e194169
:END:
I want to disable by default behavior of ~^~ and ~_~ for only one character,
making it compulsory to use instead ~^{}~ and ~_{}~ respectively. This is due to
my frequent usage of the underscore in my org files as a regular character and
not a markup one, especially when describing phonetics evolution. So, let’s
disable it:
#+NAME: org-use-sub-superscripts
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-use-sub-superscripts (quote {}))
#+END_SRC

***** LaTeX
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-File-export-LaTeX-92bbd6f3
:END:
When it comes to exports, I want the LaTeX and PDF exports to be done with
XeLaTeX only. This implies the modification of the following variable:
#+NAME: org-latex-compiler
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-latex-compiler "xelatex")
#+END_SRC

I also want to get by default ~minted~ for LaTeX listings so I can have syntax
highlights:
#+NAME: org-latex-listings
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-latex-listings 'minted)
#+END_SRC

The default packages break my LaTeX exports: for some reasons, images are not
loaded and exported in PDFs, so I needed to redifine the default packages
excluding the one that broke my exports. I also added two default packages,
~minted~ and ~xeCJK~ for syntax highlighting and Japanese (and additionally
Chinese and Korean) support.
#+NAME: org-latex-default-packages
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-latex-default-packages-alist '((""         "graphicx"  t)
                                         ("T1"       "fontspec"  t ("pdflatex"))
                                         (""         "longtable" nil)
                                         (""         "wrapfig"   nil)
                                         (""         "rotating"  nil)
                                         ("normalem" "ulem"      t)
                                         (""         "amsmath"   t)
                                         (""         "textcomp"  t)
                                         (""         "amssymb"   t)
                                         (""         "capt-of"   nil)
                                         (""         "minted"    nil)
                                         (""         "hyperref"  nil)))
#+END_SRC

By the way, reference links in LaTeX should be written in this format:
#+NAME: org-export-latex-hyperref-format
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-export-latex-hyperref-format "\\ref{%s}")
#+END_SRC

When it comes to the export itself, the latex file needs to be processed several
times through XeLaTeX in order to get some references right. Don’t forget to
also run bibtex!
#+NAME: org-latex-pdf-process
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-latex-pdf-process
      '("xelatex -8bit -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f"
        "bibtex %b"
        "xelatex -8bit -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f"
        "xelatex -8bit -shell-escape -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f"))
#+END_SRC

***** HTML
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Org-mode-File-export-HTML-192cba41
:END:
For Reveal.JS exports, I need to set where to find the framework by default:
#+NAME: org-re-reveal-root
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-re-reveal-root "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js")
#+END_SRC

On HTML exports, Org-mode tries to include a validation link for the exported
HTML. Let’s disable that since I never use it.
#+NAME: org-html-validation
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq org-html-validation-link nil)
#+END_SRC

However, something I very often use are metadata information in my HTML files. I
just want to automate that. Fortunately, [[https://tecosaur.github.io/emacs-config/config.html#extra-header-content,code--3][Tecosaur comes to the rescue]]! First,
here is our function that will generate all the meta tags in our HTML:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun org-html-meta-tags-fancy (info)
  "Use the INFO plist to construct the meta tags, as described in
`org-html-meta-tags'."
  (message "%s" info)
  (let ((title (org-html-plain-text
                (org-element-interpret-data (plist-get info :title)) info))
        (author (and (plist-get info :with-author)
                     (let ((auth (plist-get info :author)))
                       ;; Return raw Org syntax.
                       (and auth (org-html-plain-text
                                  (org-element-interpret-data auth) info))))))
    (list
     (when (org-string-nw-p author)
       (list "name" "author" author))
     (when (org-string-nw-p (plist-get info :description))
       (list "name" "description"
             (plist-get info :description)))
     '("name" "generator" "org mode (Emacs)")
     '("name" "theme-color" "#3b4252")
     '("property" "og:type" "article")
     (list "property" "og:title" title)
     (let ((subtitle (org-export-data (plist-get info :subtitle) info)))
       (when (org-string-nw-p subtitle)
         (list "property" "og:description" subtitle)))
     (let ((meta-image (org-export-data (plist-get info :metaimage) info)))
       (when (org-string-nw-p meta-image)
         (list "property" "og:image" meta-image)))
     (let ((meta-image-type (org-export-data (plist-get info :metaimagetype) info)))
       (when (org-string-nw-p meta-image-type)
         (list "property" "og:image:type" meta-image-type)))
     (let ((meta-image-width (org-export-data (plist-get info :metaimagewidth) info)))
       (when (org-string-nw-p meta-image-width)
         (list "property" "og:image:width" meta-image-width)))
     (let ((meta-image-height  (org-export-data (plist-get info :metaimageheight) info)))
       (when (org-string-nw-p meta-image-height)
         (list "property" "og:image:height" meta-image-height)))
     (let ((meta-image-alt  (org-export-data (plist-get info :metaimagealt) info)))
       (when (org-string-nw-p meta-image-alt)
         (list "property" "og:image:alt" meta-image-alt)))
     (when (org-string-nw-p author)
       (list "property" "og:article:author:first_name" (car (s-split-up-to " " author 2))))
     (when (and (org-string-nw-p author) (s-contains-p " " author))
       (list "property" "og:article:author:last_name" (cadr (s-split-up-to " " author 2))))
     (list "property" "og:article:published_time" (format-time-string "%FT%T%z")))))
#+END_SRC

This will use some special keywords in our org buffer and insert their content in

Now let’s bind it to when we export our org buffer to HTML:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(unless (functionp #'org-html-meta-tags-default)
  (defalias 'org-html-meta-tags-default #'ignore))
(setq org-html-meta-tags #'org-html-meta-tags-fancy)
#+END_SRC

**** LaTeX formats
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Custom_LaTeX_formats-8e8dca1c
:END:
I currently have two custom formats for my Org-mode exports: one for general use
(initialy for my conlanging files, hence its ~conlang~ name), and one for beamer
exports.

Below is the declaration of the ~conlang~ LaTeX class:
#+NAME: org-latex-class-conlang
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
'("conlang"
  "\\documentclass{book}"
  ("\\chapter{%s}" . "\\chapter*{%s}")
  ("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
  ("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
  ("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}"))
#+END_SRC

And here is the declaration of the ~beamer~ class:
#+NAME: org-latex-class-beamer
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
`("beamer"
  ,(concat "\\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}\n"
           "[DEFAULT-PACKAGES]"
           "[PACKAGES]"
           "[EXTRA]\n")
  ("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
  ("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
  ("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}"))
#+END_SRC

Both these classes have to be added to ~org-latex-classes~ like so:
#+NAME: org-latex-classes
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(eval-after-load "ox-latex"
  '(progn
     (add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
                  <<org-latex-class-conlang>>
                  )
     (add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
                  <<org-latex-class-beamer>>
                  )))
#+END_SRC

**** Projects
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_projects-5be088cd
:END:
Another great features of Org-mode is the Org projects that allow the user to
easily publish a bunch of org files to a remote location. Here is the current
declaration of my projects, which will be detailed later:
#+NAME: org-publish-projects
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
<<org-proj-config-setup>>
<<org-proj-lang-setup>>
(setq org-publish-project-alist
      `(
        <<org-proj-config-html>>
        <<org-proj-config-static>>
        <<org-proj-config>>
        <<org-proj-lang-html>>
        <<org-proj-lang-pdf>>
        <<org-proj-lang-static>>
        <<org-proj-lang>>))
#+END_SRC

***** Configuration website
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_projects-Configuration_website-79bd0468
:END:
This is my configuration for exporting my dotfiles to my website in a web format
only. No PDFs or anything, just HTML. Please note that I do not use that often
anymore, I much prefer the automatic script that I have which deploys through my
Drone instance my website on git pushes.

And before we get into the actual configuration, I would like to introduce a
couple of variables. This is a bit more verbose than if I declared everything
manually, but now I can change all three values at the same time without a
hasle.
#+NAME: org-proj-config-setup
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak//projects-config-target
  "/rsync:Tilo:~/www/phundrak.com/config"
  "Points to where exported files for config.phundrak.com should be put")
(defvar phundrak//projects-config-source
  "~/org/config/"
  "Points to where the sources for config.phundrak.com are")
(defvar phundrak//projects-config-language
  "en"
  "Language of config.phundrak.com")
(defvar phundrak//projects-config-recursive
  t
  "Defines whether subdirectories should be parsed for config.phundrak.com")
#+END_SRC

Now, here is my configuration. In this snippet, my org files located in my
source directory get exported in the HTML format and published to my target
directory on my remote server through RSYNC via TRAMP. A sitemap is
automatically generated, which comes in handy with the online sitemap that is
available through the navigation bar.
#+NAME: org-proj-config-html
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("config-website-org"
 :base-directory ,phundrak//projects-config-source
 :base-extension "org"
 :publishing-directory ,phundrak//projects-config-target
 :recursive ,phundrak//projects-config-recursive
 :language ,phundrak//projects-config-language
 :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html
 :headline-levels 5
 :auto-sitemap t
 :auto-preamble t)
#+END_SRC

We also have the component for all the static files needed to run the website
(mostly images tbh).
#+NAME: org-proj-config-static
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("config-website-static"
 :base-directory ,phundrak//projects-config-source
 :base-extension "png\\|jpg\\|gif\\|webp\\|svg\\|jpeg\\|ttf\\|woff\\|txt\\|epub\\|md"
 :publishing-directory ,phundrak//projects-config-target
 :recursive ,phundrak//projects-config-recursive
 :language ,phundrak//projects-config-language
 :publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
#+END_SRC

The project is then defined like so:
#+NAME: org-proj-config
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("config-website"
 :components ("config-website-org"
              "config-website-static"))
#+END_SRC

***** Linguistics website
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_projects-Linguistics_website-34b8d4e7
:END:
My linguistics website is made out of three projects. As for the previous
project, let’s declare the common values for these.
#+NAME: org-proj-lang-setup
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar phundrak//projects-conlanging-target
  "/rsync:Tilo:~/www/phundrak.com/langue/"
  "Points to where exported files for langue.phundrak.com should be put")
(defvar phundrak//projects-conlanging-source
  "~/Documents/conlanging/content/"
  "Points to where the sources for langue.phundrak.com are")
(defvar phundrak//projects-conlanging-language
  "fr"
  "Language of langue.phundrak.com")
(defvar phundrak//projects-conlanging-recursive
  t
  "Defines whether subdirectories should be parsed for langue.phundrak.com")
#+END_SRC

The first component is the one generating the HTML files from the org files.
#+NAME: org-proj-lang-html
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("langue-phundrak-com-org"
 :base-directory ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-source
 :base-extension "org"
 :exclude "\\./\\(CONTRIB\\|README\\|head\\|temp\\|svg-ink\\).*"
 :publishing-directory ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-target
 :recursive ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-recursive
 :language ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-language
 :publishing-function org-html-publish-to-html
 :headline-levels 5
 :auto-sitemap t
 :auto-preamble t)
#+END_SRC

We also have the component for the LaTeX and PDF part of the website:
#+NAME: org-proj-lang-pdf
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("langue-phundrak-com-pdf"
 :base-directory ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-source
 :base-extension "org"
 :exclude "\\./\\(CONTRIB\\|README\\|index\\|head\\|temp\\|svg-ink\\).*"
 :publishing-directory ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-target
 :recursive ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-recursive
 :language ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-language
 :publishing-function org-latex-publish-to-pdf
 :headline-levels 5
 :auto-preamble t)
#+END_SRC

And lastly, we have the component for all the static files needed to run the
website:
#+NAME: org-proj-lang-static
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("langue-phundrak-com-static"
 :base-directory ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-source
 :base-extension "png\\|jpg\\|gif\\|webp\\|svg\\|jpeg\\|ttf\\|woff\\|txt\\|epub"
 :publishing-directory ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-target
 :recursive ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-recursive
 :language ,phundrak//projects-conlanging-language
 :publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
#+END_SRC

The project is then defined like so:
#+NAME: org-proj-lang
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
("langue-phundrak-com"
 :components ("langue-phundrak-com-org"
              "langue-phundrak-com-static"
              "langue-phundrak-com-pdf"))
#+END_SRC

**** User information
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_variables-User_information-6c7d5e3f
:END:
Some variables about myself need to be set so Org-mode knows what information to
include in exported files.
#+NAME: org-user-information
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq user-full-name "Lucien Cartier-Tilet"
      user-real-login-name "Lucien Cartier-Tilet"
      user-login-name "phundrak"
      user-mail-address "lucien@phundrak.com")
#+END_SRC

*** Recentf
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Emacs-builtins-Recentf-b00d8ddd
:END:
~recentf-mode~ allows Emacs to list all recent files it read. It is also used by
Spacemacs to display a list of recent files so they can be quickly opened by the
user. Unfortunately, a lot of these files are just noise I don’t care about, but
fortunately we can ignore files with the variable ~recentf-exclude~. So, I will
ignore these paths:
#+name: recentf-ignored-paths
| =~/.authinfo.gpg=     |
| =~/.mail/=            |
| =~/.emacs.d/=         |
| =~/.emacs.spacemacs/= |
| =~/.elfeed/index=     |
| =~/Documents/mu4e=    |
| =/tmp/=               |

#+name: recentf-ignored-paths-gen
#+header: :var paths=recentf-ignored-paths
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no :exports none
(mapconcat (lambda (path)
             (format "(add-to-list 'recentf-exclude\n             (expand-file-name \"%s\"))"
                     (replace-regexp-in-string "=" "" (car path))))
           paths
           "\n")
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(with-eval-after-load 'recentf
  <<recentf-ignored-paths-gen()>>)
#+END_SRC

** Keybindings
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-aef3f7a7
:END:
As you will see, I defined a LOT of custom keybindings. All of them are
Spacemacs keybindings, defined in a way they can be used seamlessly with Evil.
They almost all begin with ~o~, which is a prefix reserved for user-defined
keybindings so they won’t conflict with any package. Let’s declare it like so.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "o" "custom")
#+END_SRC

Now, all keybindings that will be defined can be invoked in Normal-mode with the
~SPC~ key followed by the sequence assigned to each keybinding.

Before some more specialized categories, I have two commands which don’t fit
into any other category that I sometime use. The first one is a fix for the Bépo
keybindings which left out a keybind: ~winum-select-window-by-number~ is still
bound to ~SPC ²~, which is not a key that is available on the bépo layout
(instead, we use the dead key ~^~ followed by ~2~, or any digits). So instead,
let’s use the key that is physically in the same place: ~$~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "$" "select window by number")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "$"  'winum-select-window-by-number)
#+END_SRC

The following, I use it rarely, it can launch an external command from Emacs to
launch, for instance, my web browser or any other software not related to Emacs.
It offers a similar interface to [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dmenu][dmenu]] through helm.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "or" "external command")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "or" 'helm-run-external-command)
#+END_SRC

However this one I use often, generally in org or text buffers.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "os" 'sort-lines)
#+END_SRC

*** Applications
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Applications-af8730b1
:END:
As this is a new category, let’s declare its prefix:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "oa" "applications")
#+END_SRC

Now, let’s also declare the keybindings in this category. ~oac~ will invoke
Emacs’ calculator, while ~oac~ invokes the calendar, ~oae~ invokes the Eww web
browser, and ~oaw~ invokes the weather forecast. Lastly, the apostrophe in ~o'~
will invoke Eshell directly, without any popup window as with ~SPC '~ while
~oan~ will open a new eshell buffer if another one already exists. ~ov~ will
also open a vterm terminal.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys
  "o'" 'eshell-new
  "ov" 'vterm
  "oac" 'calc
  "oaC" 'calendar
  "oae" 'eww
  "oaw" 'wttrin)
#+END_SRC

**** Image mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Keybindings-Applications-Image-mode-e5df694e
:END:
Viewing images in Emacs is nice, but I want to be able to do more than just view
them, such as opening them in GIMP. I’ll also declare a couple of keybindings
that make sense to me.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'image-mode "G" "Open in GIMP")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'image-mode "o" "Open in external viewer")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'image-mode "r" "Rotate clockwise")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys-for-major-mode 'image-mode
  "G" (lambda () (interactive) (start-process "" nil "gimp" (buffer-name)))
  "o" (lambda () (interactive) (start-process "" nil "xdg-open" (buffer-name)))
  "r" 'image-rotate)
#+END_SRC

**** Org tree slide
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Keybindings-Applications-Org_tree_slide-29545c5e
:END:
Finally, here we have the keybindings for ~org-tree-slide~, a presentation mode
with orgmode. Since I want the keys to be directly accessible without any prefix
from Spacemacs, I’ll have to declare them the vanilla way. First we have
keybindings that will launch the presentation:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(define-key org-mode-map (kbd "<f8>") 'org-tree-slide-mode)
(define-key org-mode-map (kbd "s-<f8>") 'org-tree-slide-skip-done-toggle)
#+END_SRC

Next, we have some additional keybindings that will only be active when in
~org-tree-slide-mode~. The first one will allow us to exit this mode, while the
second one will toggle the display of headers marked as ~DONE~. Next, we have
~F9~ and ~F10~ which are bound to movement in the slide, while ~F11~ changes the
way the content is displayed. We also set ~org-tree-slide-skip-outline-level~ to
set the maximum depth we will display as an individual heading during the
presentation.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(when (require 'org-tree-slide nil t)
  (global-set-key (kbd "<f8>") 'org-tree-slide-mode)
  (global-set-key (kbd "S-<f8>") 'org-tree-slide-skip-done-toggle)
  (define-key org-tree-slide-mode-map (kbd "<f9>")
    'org-tree-slide-move-previous-tree)
  (define-key org-tree-slide-mode-map (kbd "<f10>")
    'org-tree-slide-move-next-tree)
  (define-key org-tree-slide-mode-map (kbd "<f11>")
    'org-tree-slide-content)
  (setq org-tree-slide-skip-outline-level 4)
  (org-tree-slide-narrowing-control-profile)
  (setq org-tree-slide-skip-done nil))
#+END_SRC

*** Comments
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Comments-508db33d
:END:
Some keybindings are also related to comment editing, in particular using
outorg. Let’s first declare the dedicated prefix:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "oc" "comments")
#+END_SRC

Now, let’s declare the following keybindings:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys
  "occ" 'outorg-copy-edits-and-exit
  "oce" 'outorg-edit-as-org
  "oco" 'outline-minor-mode)
#+END_SRC

~oco~ enables the outline minor mode, which then allows for the edition of
comments in org buffers with ~oce~ and saving them to the original source file
with ~occ~.

*** Dired
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Keybindings-Dired-2a45af8d
:END:
A couple of keybindings will be added to Dired. The first one is the opening
parenthesis which will enable or disable ~dired-hide-details-mode~. On the other
hand, a closing parenthesis will show git information in the current Dired
buffer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "(") 'dired-hide-details-mode)
(define-key dired-mode-map (kbd ")") 'dired-git-info-mode)
#+END_SRC

Something I use from time to time is ~S-F1~ for opening dired in my ~$HOME~
directory. For that, I simply did the following:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(global-set-key (kbd "<s-f1>") (lambda () (interactive) (dired "~/")))
#+END_SRC

A couple of other useful utilities, sach as opening all marked files, sorting
files, opening them externally and renaming them, are also bound to a simple key
press:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "f") 'phundrak-open-marked-files)
(define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "F") 'xah/open-in-external-app)
(define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "s") 'xah/dired-sort)
#+END_SRC

*** Files
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Files-206c2126
:END:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "of" "open org file")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "of" 'phundrak-find-org-files)
#+END_SRC

I also have a shortcut for ~helm-locate~ in case I need to find a file that is
not in these directories. One advantage of this over ~helm-find~ is that it
doesn’t matter from where I call it, it will find any file on my system that
matches the query, whereas ~helm-find~ will only search in the current directory
and its subdirectories. This time, the declaration is much simpler:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "oF" "locate file")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "oF" 'helm-locate)
#+END_SRC

And that’s it! This should list all my org files under these directories and
give me fuzzy finding for these files. I just need to partially type the name of
the file I want to open and it should open without any issue.

*** Games
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Keybindings-Games-c9e6ac80
:END:
Just to make it easier to launch it, I’ll declare a shortcut for launching
tetris (which is built into Emacs).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "oat" "tetris")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "oat" 'tetris)
#+END_SRC

Apparently, no evil keybindings are set for Tetris. Let’s declare them (adapted
to the bépo layout):
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(require 'tetris)
(define-key tetris-mode-map (kbd "c") 'tetris-move-left)
(define-key tetris-mode-map (kbd "t") 'tetris-move-down)
(define-key tetris-mode-map (kbd "s") 'tetris-rotate-prev)
(define-key tetris-mode-map (kbd "r") 'tetris-move-right)
#+END_SRC

*** Multiple cursors
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Multiple_cursors-83db7c9c
:END:
I don’t really like Spacemacs’ layer for MultipleCursors, so I prefer to simply
install the package and create shortcuts for it myself. Let’s first declare
category:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "om" "multiple-cursors")
#+END_SRC

Now, let’s declare the shortcuts related to multiple-cursors:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys
  "ome" 'mc/edit-lines
  "omn" 'mc/mark-next-like-this
  "omp" 'mc/mark-previous-like-this
  "oma" 'mc/mark-all-like-this)
#+END_SRC

*** Org-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Org-mode-a8938199
:END:
Now, onto some shortcuts related to org-mode. Let’s first declare the category:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "mo" "custom" "User-defined keybindings")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "mot" "toggle" "Toggle org elements")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "moT" "tables")
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys-for-major-mode 'org-mode "ob" 'phundrak-blog-publish)
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "ob" "publish blog")
#+END_SRC

Now, I have a couple of shortcuts I use regularly:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys-for-major-mode 'org-mode
  "os" 'org-insert-structure-template
  "ots" 'phundrak/toggle-org-src-window-split
  "ott" 'org-sidebar-tree)
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "moS" "insert template")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "mots" "toggle src split")
#+END_SRC

~os~ allows me to insert an org structure template defined in
~org-structure-template-alist~ (see [[#User_Configuration-Org-mode-Org_variables-Org_behavior-0319db38][Org behavior]]), while ~ott~ displays the
outline of the current org file.

~oT~ is the prefix for tree-related operations:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "moT" "tables")
#+END_SRC

These shortcuts allow to manipulate the width of the column the cursor is
currently in, by either shrinking it, expanding it, or toggling its state
between shrunk or expanded. A prefix for all of these commands has been also
added in order to make the purpose of the shortcuts clearer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys-for-major-mode 'org-mode
  "oTt" 'org-table-toggle-column-width
  "oTe" 'org-table-expand
  "oTs" 'org-table-shrink)
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "moTt" "toggle width")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "moTe" "expand")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "moTs" "shrink")
#+END_SRC

Finaly, I set the following shortcut in order to easily remove ~RESULTS~ blocks
from org source code blocks:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys-for-major-mode 'org-mode
  "or" 'org-babel-remove-result-one-or-many)
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'org-mode "mor" "remove org result")
#+END_SRC

*** Toggle
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Shortcuts-Toggle-d53c27ef
:END:
This category allows to toggle some modes and options.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "ot" "toggle")
#+END_SRC

As you can see, I have here four shortcuts for toggling various elements in
Emacs:
- ~otb~ :: toggles ~fancy-battery-mode~. This comes in very handy when I am on a
  laptop that is not pluged in or which is charging.
- ~otd~ :: toggles ~elcord-mode~. This mode is used to create an Emacs rich
  integration in Discord.
- ~otf~ :: toggles the activation of FlyCheck, Emacs’ spell checker. It is by
  default disabled, and I can turn it on with this shortcut only when needed.
- ~ots~ :: toggles ~prettify-symbols-mode~. This allows Emacs to replace some
  symbols by some others, like for example by replacing ~lambda~ in Emacs Lisp
  buffers with an actual λ.
- ~otS~ :: toggles whether or not Eshell should shorten the current path in its
  prompt
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys
  "otb" 'fancy-battery-mode
  "otd" 'elcord-mode
  "otf" 'flycheck-mode
  "ots" 'prettify-symbols-mode
  "otS" 'phundrak-prompt-toggle-abbreviation)
#+END_SRC

We also have some input methods-related shortcuts in a sub-category: ~oti~. The
first shortcuts below are used to either toggle between no input method or the
last one used (~otit~), or choose an input method among the various available
ones from Emacs (~otis~).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "oti" "input methods")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys
  "otit"  'toggle-input-method
  "otis"  'set-input-method)
#+END_SRC

The shortcuts below though allow me to directly switch to one of these three
known input methods I sometimes or often use, namely Japanese, Tibetan and IPA
(by typing in X-SAMPA).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "otij" "Japanese")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "otix" "IPA (X-SAMPA)")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "otiT" "Tibetan")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys
  "otij" (lambda () (interactive) (set-input-method 'japanese))
  "otix" (lambda () (interactive) (set-input-method 'ipa-x-sampa))
  "otiT" (lambda () (interactive) (set-input-method 'tibetan-wylie)))
#+END_SRC

** Mu4e
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Mu4e-f3df8e9e
:END:
Mu4e is a frontend for mu, an email analyzer which sits on top of a Maildir
which gets updated with the ~mbsync~ command from ~isync~. It has a lot of neat
features, but I guess my favorite ones are:
1. the search query feature
2. rendering an HTML email in the browser

*** Setup
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Mu4e-Setup-1d23809e
:END:
Due to mu sitting on top of a maildir, I need to tell mu4e where said maildir
is, and point it the trash, archive, and sent folders as well as the refresh
command and how frequently I want my emails to be refreshed.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mu4e-maildir "~/.mail"
      mu4e-trash-folder "/Trash"
      mu4e-refile-folder "/Archive"
      mu4e-sent-folder "/Sent"
      mu4e-drafts-folder "/Drafts"
      mu4e-get-mail-command "mbsync -a"
      mu4e-update-interval 60)
#+END_SRC

This source block is an example of the search queries in mu4e, and part of the
reason why I very much like mu4e: these bookmarks are actually defined by search
queries, but act as if they were just yet another type of custom inbox you get
with modern Email client (and often you don’t even get them). All these
bookmarks can be accessed through a shortcut on the main mu4e buffer, prefixed
by ~b~. So, for instance, my unread messages are accessed through ~bU~.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mu4e-bookmarks
      `((,(s-join " "
                  '("NOT flag:trashed"
                    "AND (maildir:/Inbox OR maildir:/Junk)"
                    "AND NOT to:CONLANG@LISTSERV.BROWN.EDU"
                    "AND NOT to:AUXLANG@LISTSERV.BROWN.EDU"
                    "AND NOT to:ateliers-emacs@framalistes.org"
                    "AND NOT to:ateliers-paris@emacs-doctor.com"
                    "AND NOT list:ateliers-emacs.framalistes.org"
                    "AND NOT list:ateliers-paris.emacs-doctor.com"))
         "Inbox" ?i) ;; Inbox without the linguistics mailing lists
        (,(s-join " "
                  '("NOT flag:trashed"
                    "AND (maildir:/Inbox OR maildir:/Junk)"
                    "AND (f:/.*up8\.edu|.*univ-paris8.*/"
                    "OR c:/.*up8\.edu|.*univ-paris8.*/"
                    "OR t:/.*up8\.edu|.*univ-paris8.*/)"))
         "University" ?u) ;; University-related emails
        (,(s-join " "
                  '("to:CONLANG@LISTSERV.BROWN.EDU"
                    "OR to:AUXLANG@LISTSERV.BROWN.EDU"))
         "Linguistics" ?l) ;; linguistics mailing lists
        (,(s-join " "
                  '("list:ateliers-emacs.framalistes.org"
                    "OR to:ateliers-paris@emacs-doctor.com"
                    "OR list:ateliers-paris.emacs-doctor.com"))
         "Emacs" ?e) ;; Emacs mailing list
        ("maildir:/Sent" "Sent messages" ?s)
        ("flag:unread AND NOT flag:trashed" "Unread messages" ?U)
        ("date:today..now AND NOT flag:trashed" "Today's messages" ?t)
        ("date:7d..now AND NOT flag:trashed" "Last 7 days" ?w)
        ("date:1m..now AND NOT flag:trashed" "Last month" ?m)
        ("date:1y..now AND NOT flag:trashed" "Last year" ?y)
        ("flag:trashed AND NOT flag:trashed" "Trash" ?T)
        ("mime:image/* AND NOT flag:trashed" "Messages with images" ?p)))
#+END_SRC

On new email arrival, Emacs can send the system a notification which will be
handled as any other notification received by the system and will display the
number of unread emails to the user; in my case, notifications are handled by
AwesomeWM.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mu4e-enable-notifications t
      mu4e-alert-email-notification-types '(count))
(with-eval-after-load 'mu4e-alert
  (mu4e-alert-set-default-style 'notifications))
(add-hook 'mu4e-view-mode-hook 'visual-line-mode)
#+END_SRC

This is the setup I have for my SMTP mail server: I point Emacs’ SMTP services
to my private mail server on its SMTP port, which should be used with a STARTTLS
stream. And I tell Emacs this is the default way to send an email.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq smtpmail-smtp-server "mail.phundrak.com"
      smtpmail-smtp-service 587
      smtpmail-stream-type 'starttls
      message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
#+END_SRC

I wish my emails to be signed by default using PGP/MIME. ~mu4e~ uses ~message~
for composing new emails, so I simply need to add the function that will add the
signature to emails to the hook called when creating a new email.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'mu4e-compose-mode-hook 'mml-secure-message-sign-pgpmime)
#+END_SRC

mu4e used to be able to export emails to PDFs, but unfortunately this
possibility was discontinued. But we can (sort of) bring it back!
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun mu4e-action-open-as-pdf (msg)
  "Export and open as PDF a mu4e `MSG'"
  (let* ((date (mu4e-message-field msg :date))
         (infile (mu4e~write-body-to-html msg))
         (outfile (format-time-string "/tmp/%Y-%m-%d%H%M%S.pdf" date)))
    (with-temp-buffer
      (shell-command
       (format "wkhtmltopdf %s %s" infile outfile) t))
    (find-file outfile)))

(add-to-list 'mu4e-view-actions '("PDF view" . mu4e-action-open-as-pdf) t)
#+END_SRC

Lastly, some emails are better displayed in a browser than in Emacs. My Emacs
build has the webkit browser enabled, so I’ll add an option to open with it
emails.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak/mu4e-view-in-browser (msg)
  (xwidget-webkit-browse-url (concat "file://"
                                     (mu4e~write-body-to-html msg))))

(add-to-list 'mu4e-view-actions
             '("Xwidget Webkit Browser" . phundrak/mu4e-view-in-browser)
             t)
#+END_SRC

*** Visual Configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Mu4e-Visual-Configuration-34f56f7e
:END:
The following also allows me to automatically include my signature in my Emails,
to view images in my Emacs buffers and to show me the address of my contacts and
not just their names.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mu4e-compose-signature-auto-include t
      mu4e-view-show-images t
      mu4e-view-prefer-html t
      mu4e-view-show-addresses t)
#+END_SRC

Now this hook is added so I can get a maximal width for the text of my emails, I
really don’t like it when lines are kilometers long. I would like instead to
hook ~visual-line-mode~ and ~auto-fill-mode~, but for some reasons Emacs throws
an error when I add them, So I go with ~visual-fill-column-mode~ instead.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'mu4e-view-mode-hook 'visual-fill-column-mode)
#+END_SRC

Icons are nice and all, but my current font does not display some of the default
icons set by mu4e. Due to this, I will define back these icons to the original
characters defined by mu4e:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mu4e-headers-draft-mark     '("D"  . "D")
      mu4e-headers-flagged-mark   '("F"  . "F")
      mu4e-headers-new-mark       '("N"  . "N")
      mu4e-headers-passed-mark    '("P"  . "P")
      mu4e-headers-replied-mark   '("R"  . "R")
      mu4e-headers-seen-mark      '("S"  . "S")
      mu4e-headers-trashed-mark   '("T"  . "T")
      mu4e-headers-attach-mark    '("a"  . "a")
      mu4e-headers-encrypted-mark '("x"  . "x")
      mu4e-headers-signed-mark    '("s"  . "s")
      mu4e-headers-unread-mark    '("u"  . "u"))
#+END_SRC

I don’t like the American time format. I really don’t. I prefer much more
something more standard, like ISO8601 standard. Not exactly ISO8601, but close
to it. Also, fuck the paywalls imposed by ISO.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mu4e-view-date-format "%Y-%m-%d %R"
      mu4e-headers-date-format  "%Y-%m-%d")
#+END_SRC

*** Misc
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Mu4e-Misc-9c7a4f5b
:END:
I am unsure yet if this has any effect on mu4e, but this variable should
discourage mu4e from reading rich text emails and instead open them as plain
text. However, I do not wish to discourage opening HTML emails since I can open
them in the browser.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq mm-discouraged-alternatives '("text/richtext"))
#+END_SRC

** Miscellaneous
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Miscellaneous-d230bc2f
:END:
I have a lot of variables that need to be set but don’t fall in any other
category, so I’ll collect them here.

I have this regexp for detecting paragraphs.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq paragraph-start "\f\\|[ \t]*$\\|[ \t]*[-+*] ")
#+END_SRC

And this variable for Elcord so the main icon displayed in Discord is the icon
representing the current major-mode. I also don’t want to display the small
icon, so let’s get rid of that.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq elcord-use-major-mode-as-main-icon t
      elcord-show-small-icon nil)
#+END_SRC

*** Pinentry
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Miscellaneous-Pinentry-95004d5a
:END:
Pinentry should use the ~loopback~ mode when communicating with GnuPG. Let’s set
it so:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq epg-pinentry-mode 'loopback)
#+END_SRC

*** Wttr.in
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Miscellaneous-Wttr.in_cities-dd24f8c5
:END:
Thanks to the wttrin package, I can get the weather forecast in Emacs for a
couple of cities. I just need to specify them to Emacs like so:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq wttrin-default-cities '("Aubervilliers" "Paris" "Lyon" "Nonières"
                              "Saint Agrève"))
#+END_SRC

However, the package is currently broken (it was last updated in 2017): wttr.in
now returns by default an HTML page instead of an ASCII result. In order to fix
it, a ~?A~ must be added at the end of the request in order to get a nice
output. Also, let’s use the HTTPS protocol while we’re at it.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun wttrin-fetch-raw-string (query)
  "Get the weather information based on your QUERY."
  (let ((url-user-agent "curl"))
    (add-to-list 'url-request-extra-headers wttrin-default-accept-language)
    (with-current-buffer
        (url-retrieve-synchronously
         (format "http%s://wttr.in/%s?A"
                 (if (gnutls-available-p) "s" "")
                 query)
         (lambda (status)
           (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))))
      (decode-coding-string (buffer-string)
                            'utf-8))))
#+END_SRC

** Nov-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Nov-mode-6f10765d
:END:
~nov-mode~ is the mode used in the Epub reader. Here I will write a little
function that I will call through a hook each time I’m opening a new EPUB file.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun my-nov-font-setup ()
  (face-remap-add-relative 'variable-pitch :family "Charis SIL"
                           :size 16
                           :height 1.0))
#+END_SRC

Let’s bind this function to the ~nov-mode~ hook. By the way, we’ll also enable
the ~visual-line-mode~ here, just in case.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(mapc (lambda (mode)
        (add-hook 'nov-mode-hook mode))
      '('my-nov-font-setup 'visual-line-mode))
#+END_SRC

Let’s also set the maximum length of the lines in ~nov-mode~:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq nov-text-width 80)
#+END_SRC

** Programming
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Programming-b4b565ae
:END:
*** LSP
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-LSP-4f8aa691
:END:
When it comes to the LSP layer, there are some options which are not enabled by
default that I want to use, especially some modes I want to take advantage of.
This is why I enable first the ~lsp-treemacs-sync-mode~ so treemacs is LSP
aware:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(lsp-treemacs-sync-mode 1)
#+END_SRC

I also enable some layers related to ~dap~, the Debug Adapter Protocol, which
works really nicely with LSP. Let’s enable Dap’s modes:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(dap-mode 1)
(dap-ui-mode 1)
(dap-tooltip-mode 1)
#+END_SRC

Finally, I also want the documentation tooltip to show up when the cursor is
above a documented piece of code or symbol. Let’s enable that too:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(tooltip-mode 1)
#+END_SRC

*** ASM configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-ASM_configuration-f6dc7674
:END:
The first thing I will set with my ASM configuration is where the reference PDF
is located.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq x86-lookup-pdf "~/Documents/code/asm/Intelx86/325383-sdm-vol-2abcd.pdf")
#+END_SRC

I will also modify what the comment character is, from a ~;~ to a ~#~:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq asm-comment-char ?\#)
#+END_SRC

*** C/C++
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-C-C++-76c3f997
:END:
As the C/C++ syntax is checked by flycheck, let’s make sure we are using the
latest standard available, that is C++17 and C17, from Clang.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
            (setq flycheck-clang-language-standard "c17")))
(add-hook 'c++-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
            (setq flycheck-clang-language-standard "c++17")))
#+END_SRC

*** Dart configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Dart_configuration-ecf24ebf
:END:
For Dart, I mainly declared some custom shortcuts bound to ~dart-mode~ related
to flutter, so nothing too exciting here. Some prefix are declared in order to
avoid the shortcuts in helm to show up as just ~custom~.
#+begin_src emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'dart-mode "mo" "user-defined")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'dart-mode "mof" "flutter")
(spacemacs/declare-prefix-for-mode 'dart-mode "mofr" "flutter-run")
#+end_src

Now, for the shortcuts themselves:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys-for-major-mode 'dart-mode
  "ofH" 'flutter-hot-restart
  "ofh" 'flutter-hot-reload
  "ofq" 'flutter-quit
  "ofr" (lambda () (interactive) (flutter-run "-v"))
  "ofs" 'flutter-screenshot)
#+END_SRC

*** Emacs Lisp
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Emacs_Lisp-59230f3c
:END:
Here will be stored my configuration directly related to Emacs Lisp, including
some functions or default modes.

**** Enable ~eldoc-mode~ by default
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Emacs_Lisp-Enable_~eldoc-mode~_by_default-f131abde
:END:
By default, if some Elisp code is opened, I want to enable ~eldoc-mode~ so I can
easily get some documentation on the symbols in the source code. This is done
via the use of hooks.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'prog-mode-hook 'eldoc-mode)
#+END_SRC

**** ~phundrak/write-to-buffer~
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Emacs_Lisp-~phundrak-write-to-buffer~-2f192dd3
:END:
I was very surprised when I discovered no such function exists in Elisp. This
function basically writes a string into a buffer, and optionally switches the
user to the buffer. Here is the code for that function:
#+BEGIN_SRC elisp :results silent
(defun write-to-buffer ($input-string $outputbuf &optional $switchbuf)
  "Writes `$input-string' to the specified `output-buffer'. If
`switch-buffer' is non-nil, the active buffer will switch to the
output buffer; otherwise, it will take the user back to their
initial buffer. Works with `$input-string' as a string or a list
of strings."
  (let ((oldbuf (current-buffer)))
    (switch-to-buffer $outputbuf)
    (cond ((char-or-string-p $input-string) (insert $input-string))
          ((listp $input-string) (dolist (elem $input-string)
                                  (insert (format "%s\n" elem)))))
    (unless $switchbuf
        (switch-to-buffer oldbuf))))
#+END_SRC

*** Python
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Python-9cdd1b06
:END:
Emacs throws me an error about the python interpreter, let’s silence it:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq python-shell-completion-native-disabled-interpreters '("python"))
#+END_SRC

*** Rust
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Rust-ba633575
:END:
I need to point to racer where the source code of Rust is located so I can get
some documentation. This is installed with the ~rust-src~ component you can get
through ~rustup~. To install it, simply run
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no :exports code
rustup component add rust-src
#+END_SRC

Now, the source code for Rust should be included in your installation. I
personally prefer to develop with Rust stable, so let’s indicate to Emacs to
search for documentation in the stable sources:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq racer-rust-src-path
      "~/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/src")
#+END_SRC

Rust’s default ~cargo check~ command is already very good, however I also enjoy
getting some more hints while developping, and ~clippy~ does a very good job at
it. To get clippy, I need to run the following to install it:
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no :exports code
rustup compontent add clippy
#+END_SRC

And this will get it installed with all of my Rust toolchain, and it will be
updated with it. Now, let’s indicate LSP that I want to use that instead of
~check~:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq lsp-rust-analyzer-cargo-watch-command "clippy")
#+END_SRC

Finally, I wish to enable ~electric-pair-mode~ and ~indent-guide-mode~ for Rust
files, so let’s enable that through the use of a hook:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(add-hook 'rust-mode-hook
          '(lambda ()
             (local-set-key (kbd "TAB") #'company-indent-or-complete-common)
             (electric-pair-mode 1)))
#+END_SRC

*** Scheme
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Scheme-e35aa50a
:END:
The Scheme configuration will be very short, I just need to tell Emacs the name
of the interpreter since it is not the default one:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq geiser-chicken-binary "chicken-csi")
#+END_SRC

** Projectile
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Projectile-06e580f0
:END:
Projectile is an awesome utility which helps managing projects within Emacs. It
will automatically detect version controlled directories, and will by default
assume this is a project I can be working on. However, there are some
directories that are version controlled that I do not want to see in my list of
projects, namely all the cached AUR packages from my AUR helper, ~paru~. They
are all stored in the same parent directory, so let’s ignore that. I will also
make Emacs ignore all ~node_modules~ directories it could encounter. And for
some reason, =~/.emacs.spacemacs= is always in my projects list (I now use
XDG-compliant directories), so let’s also ignore that.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq projectile-ignored-projects '("~/.cache/paru" "~/.emacs.spacemacs" "/tmp"))
(add-to-list 'projectile-globally-ignored-directories "node_modules")
#+END_SRC

** Readers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Readers-aacb14d4
:END:
Thanks to Discord user shanks, I discovered pdf-tools gives us access to a very
interesting minor mode: ~pdf-view-midnight-minor-mode~. And this is exactly what
I missed in my Emacs PDF reader from Zathura! I still think Zathura is a
fantastic tool, but now my PDF reader in Emacs is almost perfect! I just need to
adjust some colors:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(with-eval-after-load 'pdf-view
  (setq pdf-view-midnight-colors '("#d8dee9" . "#2e3440")))
#+END_SRC

Let’s also enable dark mode automatically:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'pdf-tools-enabled-hook 'pdf-view-midnight-minor-mode)
#+END_SRC

And there we go! A beautiful, dark-mode PDF reader inside Emacs! And with
Spacemacs, I can enable or disable this minor mode anytime with the shortcut
~, n~.

** Security
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Security-21d88555
:END:
This paragraph is about making Emacs and GPG as a whole (since Emacs is /always/
open on my computer) more secure. The first thing I want to make is a function
that will close any buffer that contains an open ~.gpg~ file –I certainly do not
want anyone to be able to read such files on my computer if I leave it even for
a couple of minutes.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun phundrak/kill-gpg-buffers ()
  "Kill GPG buffers."
  (interactive)
  (let ((buffers-killed 0))
    (dolist (buffer (buffer-list))
      (with-current-buffer buffer
        (when (string-match ".*\.gpg$" (buffer-name buffer))
          (message "Auto killing .gpg buffer '%s'" (buffer-name buffer))
          (when (buffer-modified-p buffer)
            (save-buffer))
          (kill-buffer buffer)
          (setq buffers-killed (+ buffers-killed 1)))))
    (unless (zerop buffers-killed)
      ;; Kill gpg-agent.
      (shell-command "gpgconf --kill gpg-agent")
      (message "%s .gpg buffers have been autosaved and killed" buffers-killed))))
#+END_SRC

Notice the ~(shell-command "gpgconf --kill gpg-agent")~ command there: it kills
~gpg-agent~ which will always respawn each time GPG2 is invoked. That way, I
know anyone trying to open a GPG file will have to insert my password when
trying to do so instead of just hoping I entered it not long ago and they won’t
have to.

But surely, if I only define this function and hope to call it each time I leav
my computer, surely at one point I will forget to execute it before leaving. I
can’t trust myself to always call it manually. Which is why I’ll ask Emacs
itself to call it after it detects a minute of idling. It may become from times
to times a bit of a pain, but at least I’m now sure I won’t ever have to worry
about someone reading my GPG files open in Emacs while I’m out for a quick
break.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(run-with-idle-timer 60 t 'phundrak/kill-gpg-buffers)
#+END_SRC

** Snippets
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Snippets-67a32065
:HEADER-ARGS:snippet: :padline no :mkdirp yes
:END:
Yasnippet’s snippets tool is extremely powerful and allows me to write very
quickly code. For now, we have snippets for two modes. The files you’ll see
below are exported to ~$HOME/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/~ and to their
respective mode directory. For instance, my ~caption~ snippet for org-mode will
be exported to ~$HOME/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/caption~.

Be aware that on top of these custom snippets, I also use the package
[[file:awesome.org::#Autostart-f2cf42fe][yasnippet-snippets]] which provide plenty of already made snippets.

*** Rust snippets
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Snippets-Rust_snippets-b106fad4
:END:
I have so far two snippets, the first one is actually just a convenience to make
it easier to type a ~println!~ macro than the default snippet.
#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/rust-mode/println
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: println
# key: pln
# --
println!("${1:{}}", $2);
#+END_SRC

The second one is more interesting: it is used to create a ~new~ method for a
struct, and it will try to create a function that will assign each argument
passed to the method to members of the struct. It relies on the custom function
[[#Custom-functions-yas-rust-new-assignments-4ad16bde][I wrote here]].
#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/rust-mode/new
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: new
# key: _new
# --
fn new(${1:args}) -> Self {
  $0
  Self {
    ${1:$(phundrak-yas-rust-new-assignments yas-text)}
  }
}
#+END_SRC

*** Org headers
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Snippets-org-mode_snippets-Org_headers-ed14fbac
:END:
The first two snippets are used to add HTML or LaTeX attributes to elements in
org-mode. The third also has a similar usage, inserting a ~#+CAPTION~ header
before an element, as well as the fourth which inserts a ~#+NAME~ header.
#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/attr_html
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: ATTR HTML
# key: <ah
# --
,#+ATTR_HTML: $0
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/attr_latex
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: ATTR LATEX
# key: <al
# --
,#+ATTR_LATEX: $0
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/caption
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: caption
# key: <ca
# --
,#+CAPTION: $0
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/name
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: name
# key: <na
# --
,#+NAME: $0
#+END_SRC

Now, the following is a bit more complex: it is meant to be used as a new org
buffer is created. It will insert an org header for the title, which will
default to the buffer’s name capitalized minus the dashes or underscores
replaced with spaces, it will insert a default author and email based on the
user’s parameters, and the date at the moment of the creation of these headers.
The user can also add some tags if they wish to.
#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/header
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: header
# key: header
# --
,#+TITLE:  ${1:`(replace-regexp-in-string "-" " " (capitalize (file-name-nondirectory (file-name-sans-extension (buffer-file-name)))))`}
,#+AUTHOR: `(user-full-name)`
,#+EMAIL:  `user-mail-address`
,#+DATE:   `(format-time-string "%Y-%m-%d")`
,#+TAGS:   $2

  $0
#+END_SRC

*** Org blocks
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Snippets-org-mode_snippets-Org_blocks-e4dfc448
:HEADER-ARGS:snippet: :padline no :mkdirp yes
:END:
Now, Let’s write some snippets for org blocks. The first one is for a comment
block, then two snippets for an unnamed and a named Elisp source block, and two
others for an unnamed and a named Python source block. There are also two block
for generic unnamed source blocks and generic named source blocks.
#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/comment_block
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: comment block
# key: <co
# --
,#+BEGIN_COMMENT
$0
,#+END_COMMENT
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/emacs-lisp
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: emacs-lisp block
# key: <el
# --
,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
$0
,#+END_SRC
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/emacs-lisp-named
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: named emacs-lisp block
# key: <eln
# --
,#+NAME: $1
,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
$0
,#+END_SRC
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/python
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: python block
# key: <py
# --
,#+BEGIN_SRC python
$0
,#+END_SRC
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/python-named
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: named python block
# key: <pyn
# --
,#+NAME: $1
,#+BEGIN_SRC python
$0
,#+END_SRC
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/src
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: source block
# key: <s
# --
,#+BEGIN_SRC $1
$0
,#+END_SRC
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/src-named
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: named source block
# key: <sn
# --
,#+NAME: $1
,#+BEGIN_SRC $2
$0
,#+END_SRC
#+END_SRC

*** Org misc
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Snippets-Org_misc-82223a44
:END:
Finally, there are a couple of miscellaneous org snippets that insert macros I
often use in my conlanging documents. The first one inserts a phonetics macro,
while the second one inserts a macro used for my Proto-Ñyqy language.
#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/phon
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: phon
# key: <ph
# --
\{\{\{phon($1)\}\}\} $0
#+END_SRC

#+BEGIN_SRC snippet :tangle ~/.emacs.spacemacs/private/snippets/org-mode/phon
# -*- mode: snippet -*-
# name: nyqy
# key: <ny
# --
\{\{\{nyqy($1)\}\}\} $0
#+END_SRC

** Tramp configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Tramp_configuration-acb4733b
:END:
*** Docker
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Tramp_configuration-Docker-31573fdf
:END:
It is completely possible with Tramp to connect ot a docker container and modify
files inside of it. It is not supported natively, but we can add it quite
easily. Be aware, I am not the author of this code, you can find its original
source [[https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/TrampAndDocker][here]]. First, let’s add the Docker protocol to Tramp:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(push
 (cons
  "docker"
  '((tramp-login-program "docker")
    (tramp-login-args (("exec" "-it") ("%h") ("/bin/bash")))
    (tramp-remote-shell "/bin/sh")
    (tramp-remote-shell-args ("-i") ("-c"))))
 tramp-methods)
#+END_SRC

Now that the method has been added, let’s add some autocompletion for when we
want to connect to a Docker container:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defadvice tramp-completion-handle-file-name-all-completions
    (around dotemacs-completion-docker activate)
  "(tramp-completion-handle-file-name-all-completions \"\" \"/docker:\" returns
    a list of active Docker container names, followed by colons."
  (if (equal (ad-get-arg 1) "/docker:")
      (let* ((dockernames-raw (shell-command-to-string "docker ps --format '{{.Names}}:'"))
             (dockernames (cl-remove-if-not #'(lambda (dockerline)
                                                (string-match ":$" dockerline))
                                            (split-string dockernames-raw "\n"))))
        (setq ad-return-value dockernames))
    ad-do-it))
#+END_SRC

And that’s it! it is now possible to connect to a docker container with
something like ~/docker:conlangdict_server/~ as the path given in ~find-file~.

*** Yadm
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Yadm-4344fec3
:END:
~yadm~ is the utility I use for managing my dotfiles, and it is a wrapper In
order to manage my dotfiles, I use the following shortcut to launch Magit Status
for ~yadm~:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/declare-prefix "oy" "yadm status")
(spacemacs/set-leader-keys "oy" (lambda () (interactive) (magit-status "/yadm::")))
#+END_SRC

~yadm~ wraps around ~git~. Logically, it means Magit could theoretically manage
my yadm repo. And it is indeed possible, according to [[https://github.com/TheLocehiliosan/yadm/blob/master/yadm.md][this page]] using TRAMP. I
just need to add the following code snippet:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-to-list 'tramp-methods
             '("yadm"
               (tramp-login-program "yadm")
               (tramp-login-args (("enter")))
               (tramp-login-env (("SHELL")
                                 ("/bin/sh")))
               (tramp-remote-shell "/bin/sh")
               (tramp-remote-shell-args ("-c"))))
#+END_SRC

** Visual configuration
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Visual_configuration-78e6cafc
:END:
*** Battery mode line
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Editing_and_modes-Battery_mode_line-895e5e52
:END:
I want to see by default how much battery my computer has, so let’s enable it:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(spacemacs/toggle-mode-line-battery-on)
#+END_SRC

*** Better faces
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Better-faces-5d73fe9c
:END:
#+NAME: face-generate
#+headers: :var input=mu4e-faces :var makeface="yes"
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no :results replace :exports none :noweb yes
<<elisp-phundrak-filter>>

<<elisp-phundrak-none>>

<<elisp-phundrak-zip>>

(let* ((makeface (string= "yes" makeface))
       (headers (cadr input))
       (faces (mapcar (lambda (face)
                        (phundrak-filter (lambda (elem)
                                           (or (numberp (cadr elem))
                                               (not (string= ""
                                                             (cadr elem)))))
                                         (phundrak-zip headers face)))
                      (cddr input))))
  (mapconcat (lambda (face)
               (concat
                 (format (if makeface "`(%s ((t " "(%s `")
                         (cadr (assoc "Name" face)))
                 (format "(%s %s %s %s)"
                         (if (assoc "additional" face)
                             (cadr (assoc "additional" face))
                           "")
                         (let ((result ""))
                           (dolist (property '("inherit" "weight" "height" "foreground"
                                               "background" "underline")
                                             result)
                             (let ((prop (assoc property face)))
                               (when prop
                                 (setf result (format "%s :%s %s"
                                                      result
                                                      property
                                                      (if (numberp (cadr prop))
                                                          (number-to-string (cadr prop))
                                                        (cadr prop))))))))
                         (if (assoc "font" face)
                             (format ":font \"%s\""
                                     (cadr (assoc "font" face)))
                           "")
                         (if (assoc "family" face)
                             (format ":family \"%s\""
                                     (cadr (assoc "family" face)))
                           ""))
                 (if makeface
                     ")) t)"
                   ")")))
             faces
             "\n"))
#+END_SRC

Sometimes, some visual properties just don’t fit right for me and I need to edit
them. This is the case for example for org-mode for which I want to have a mix
of fixed and variable pitches. Below you can see the code that does that for me,
I’ll get into more detail below this code block.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(let (
      <<face-generate(input=org-common-faces, makeface="no")>>
      )
  (custom-theme-set-faces
   'user
   <<face-generate(input=diff-faces)>>
   <<face-generate(input=mu4e-faces)>>
   <<face-generate(input=org-faces)>>
   ))
#+END_SRC

**** Diff and Magit
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Better-faces-Diff-6ac98986
:END:
Apparently, diff and Magit faces do not follow the nord theme’s color scheme, so
let’s redefine their background and sometimes their foreground.
#+tblname: diff-faces
| /                    |                  |
| Name                 | background       |
|----------------------+------------------|
| ediff-current-diff-A | ,phundrak-nord11 |
| ediff-current-diff-C | ,phundrak-nord13 |
| ediff-current-diff-C | ,phundrak-nord14 |

**** Mu4e
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Better-faces-Mu4e-7b52d940
:END:
The nord theme is great and all, but for some reason some faces in mu4e aren’t
displayed properly, such as the ~mu4e-highlight-face~. Let’s fix that!
#+tblname: mu4e-faces
| /                   |                 |                 |
| Name                | background      | foreground      |
|---------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
| mu4e-highlight-face | ,phundrak-nord9 | ,phundrak-nord0 |

**** Org-mode
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Better-faces-Org-mode-07754177
:END:
Fonts will play an important part in this, but so will colors and font size. The
following code is largely based on the one found [[https://zzamboni.org/post/beautifying-org-mode-in-emacs/][on this blog post]] and [[https://lepisma.xyz/2017/10/28/ricing-org-mode/][this one]].
First here are some common properties that will be reused in faces below:
#+tblname: org-common-faces
| /       |         | <             | <l>    |        |
| Name    | inherit | font          | height | weight |
|---------+---------+---------------+--------+--------|
| orgfont |         | Charis SIL    | 120    |        |
| head    | default |               |        | bold   |
| fixed   |         | Cascadia Code | 0.8    |        |

#+tblname: org-faces
| /                         | <                |                               |                  |                 | <l>    |        |        |           |
| Name                      | additional       | inherit                       | foreground       | background      | height | weight | italic | underline |
|---------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------+------------------+-----------------+--------+--------+--------+-----------|
| org-level-1               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord15 |                 | 1.75   |        | t      |           |
| org-level-2               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord10 |                 | 1.5    |        | t      |           |
| org-level-3               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord9  |                 | 1.25   |        | t      |           |
| org-level-4               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord15 |                 | 1.1    |        | t      |           |
| org-level-5               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord8  |                 |        |        | t      |           |
| org-level-6               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord7  |                 |        |        | t      |           |
| org-level-7               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord15 |                 |        |        | t      |           |
| org-level-8               | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord6  |                 |        |        | t      |           |
| org-document-title        | ,@orgfont ,@head |                               | ,phundrak-nord11 |                 | 2.0    |        | t      |           |
| variable-pitch            | ,@orgfont        |                               |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-block                 | ,@fixed          |                               |                  | ,phundrak-nord1 |        |        |        |           |
| org-block-begin-line      | ,@fixed          |                               |                  | ,phundrak-nord1 |        |        |        |           |
| org-block-end-line        | ,@fixed          |                               |                  | ,phundrak-nord1 |        |        |        |           |
| org-indent                | ,@fixed          |                               |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-formula               | ,@fixed          |                               |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-macro                 | ,@fixed          |                               |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-target                | ,@fixed          |                               |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-property-value        | ,@fixed          |                               |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-drawer                | ,@fixed          |                               | ,phundrak-nord10 |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-table                 | ,@fixed          |                               | ,phundrak-nord14 |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-date                  | ,@fixed          |                               | ,phundrak-nord13 |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-code                  | ,@fixed          | shadow                        |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-verbatim              | ,@fixed          | shadow                        |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-document-info-keyword | ,@fixed          | shadow                        |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-tag                   | ,@fixed          | shadow                        |                  |                 |        | bold   |        |           |
| org-meta-line             | ,@fixed          | font-lock-comment-face        |                  |                 | 0.8    |        |        |           |
| org-special-keyword       | ,@fixed          | font-lock-comment-face        | ,phundrak-nord15 |                 | 0.8    |        |        |           |
| org-checkbox              | ,@fixed          | (org-todo shadow fixed-pitch) |                  |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-document-info         |                  |                               | ,phundrak-nord12 |                 |        |        |        |           |
| org-link                  |                  |                               | ,phundrak-nord8  |                 |        |        |        | t         |

*** Info colors
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Info-colors-ebe3cc81
:END:
The package ~info-colors~ adds colors to Emacs’ info mode. Let’s enable it:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'Info-selection-hook 'info-colors-fontify-node)
#+END_SRC

*** Prettified symbols
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User_Configuration-Miscellaneous-Prettified_symbols-da50f4a6
:END:
Just because it is pleasing to the eye, some symbols in source code get
prettified into simpler symbols. Here is the list of symbols that are to be
prettified. You can see in the corresponding comment what symbol will be
displayed.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq prettify-symbols-alist '(("lambda" . 955) ; λ
                               ("mapc" . 8614)  ; ↦
                               ("map" . 8614)   ; ↦
                               (">>" . 187)     ; »
                               ("<<" . 171)     ; «
                               ))
#+END_SRC

Let’s enable this mode globally.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(global-prettify-symbols-mode 1)
#+END_SRC

*** Misc
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: User-Configuration-Visual-configuration-Misc-2f4ce585
:END:
Emacs is already silent, but let’s set the bell as visible:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq visible-bell t)
#+END_SRC

I would also like to disable the global ~hl-mode~, I find it quite annoying.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(global-hl-line-mode -1)
#+END_SRC

* Footnotes
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: Footnotes-5ffd05ee
:END:

[fn:2] [[https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles/src/branch/master/.spacemacs][labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles/src/branch/master/.spacemacs]]

[fn:1] [[https://labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles/src/branch/master/org/config/emacs.org][labs.phundrak.com/phundrak/dotfiles/src/branch/master/org/config/emacs.org]]
