chore: separate backend from frontend

src/middleware/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//! Custom middleware for the application.
+//!
+//! This module contains custom middleware implementations including rate limiting.
+
+pub mod rate_limit;

src/middleware/rate_limit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+//! Rate limiting middleware using the governor crate.
+//!
+//! This middleware implements per-IP rate limiting using the Generic Cell Rate
+//! Algorithm (GCRA) via the governor crate. It stores rate limiters in memory
+//! without requiring external dependencies like Redis.
+
+use std::{
+    net::IpAddr,
+    num::NonZeroU32,
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+use governor::{
+    clock::DefaultClock,
+    state::{InMemoryState, NotKeyed},
+    Quota, RateLimiter,
+};
+use poem::{
+    Endpoint, Error, IntoResponse, Middleware, Request, Response, Result,
+};
+
+/// Rate limiting configuration.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RateLimitConfig {
+    /// Maximum number of requests allowed in the time window (burst size).
+    pub burst_size: u32,
+    /// Time window in seconds for rate limiting.
+    pub per_seconds: u64,
+}
+
+impl RateLimitConfig {
+    /// Creates a new rate limit configuration.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `burst_size` - Maximum number of requests allowed in the time window
+    /// * `per_seconds` - Time window in seconds
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(burst_size: u32, per_seconds: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            burst_size,
+            per_seconds,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a rate limiter from this configuration.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panics if `burst_size` is zero.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn create_limiter(&self) -> RateLimiter<NotKeyed, InMemoryState, DefaultClock> {
+        let quota = Quota::with_period(Duration::from_secs(self.per_seconds))
+            .expect("Failed to create quota")
+            .allow_burst(NonZeroU32::new(self.burst_size).expect("Burst size must be non-zero"));
+        RateLimiter::direct(quota)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for RateLimitConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        // Default: 10 requests per second with burst of 20
+        Self::new(20, 1)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Middleware for rate limiting based on IP address.
+pub struct RateLimit {
+    limiter: Arc<RateLimiter<NotKeyed, InMemoryState, DefaultClock>>,
+}
+
+impl RateLimit {
+    /// Creates a new rate limiting middleware with the given configuration.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(config: &RateLimitConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            limiter: Arc::new(config.create_limiter()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E: Endpoint> Middleware<E> for RateLimit {
+    type Output = RateLimitEndpoint<E>;
+
+    fn transform(&self, ep: E) -> Self::Output {
+        RateLimitEndpoint {
+            endpoint: ep,
+            limiter: self.limiter.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The endpoint wrapper that performs rate limiting checks.
+pub struct RateLimitEndpoint<E> {
+    endpoint: E,
+    limiter: Arc<RateLimiter<NotKeyed, InMemoryState, DefaultClock>>,
+}
+
+impl<E: Endpoint> Endpoint for RateLimitEndpoint<E> {
+    type Output = Response;
+
+    async fn call(&self, req: Request) -> Result<Self::Output> {
+        // Check rate limit
+        if self.limiter.check().is_err() {
+            let client_ip = Self::get_client_ip(&req)
+                .map_or_else(|| "unknown".to_string(), |ip| ip.to_string());
+
+            tracing::event!(
+                target: "backend::middleware::rate_limit",
+                tracing::Level::WARN,
+                client_ip = %client_ip,
+                "Rate limit exceeded"
+            );
+
+            return Err(Error::from_status(poem::http::StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS));
+        }
+
+        // Process the request
+        let response = self.endpoint.call(req).await;
+        response.map(IntoResponse::into_response)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<E> RateLimitEndpoint<E> {
+    /// Extracts the client IP address from the request.
+    fn get_client_ip(req: &Request) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+        req.remote_addr().as_socket_addr().map(std::net::SocketAddr::ip)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rate_limit_config_new() {
+        let config = RateLimitConfig::new(10, 60);
+        assert_eq!(config.burst_size, 10);
+        assert_eq!(config.per_seconds, 60);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rate_limit_config_default() {
+        let config = RateLimitConfig::default();
+        assert_eq!(config.burst_size, 20);
+        assert_eq!(config.per_seconds, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rate_limit_config_creates_limiter() {
+        let config = RateLimitConfig::new(5, 1);
+        let limiter = config.create_limiter();
+
+        // First 5 requests should succeed
+        for _ in 0..5 {
+            assert!(limiter.check().is_ok());
+        }
+
+        // 6th request should fail
+        assert!(limiter.check().is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn rate_limit_middleware_allows_within_limit() {
+        use poem::{handler, test::TestClient, EndpointExt, Route};
+
+        #[handler]
+        async fn index() -> String {
+            "Hello".to_string()
+        }
+
+        let config = RateLimitConfig::new(5, 60);
+        let app = Route::new()
+            .at("/", poem::get(index))
+            .with(RateLimit::new(&config));
+        let cli = TestClient::new(app);
+
+        // First 5 requests should succeed
+        for _ in 0..5 {
+            let response = cli.get("/").send().await;
+            response.assert_status_is_ok();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn rate_limit_middleware_blocks_over_limit() {
+        use poem::{handler, test::TestClient, EndpointExt, Route};
+
+        #[handler]
+        async fn index() -> String {
+            "Hello".to_string()
+        }
+
+        let config = RateLimitConfig::new(3, 60);
+        let app = Route::new()
+            .at("/", poem::get(index))
+            .with(RateLimit::new(&config));
+        let cli = TestClient::new(app);
+
+        // First 3 requests should succeed
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            let response = cli.get("/").send().await;
+            response.assert_status_is_ok();
+        }
+
+        // 4th request should be rate limited
+        let response = cli.get("/").send().await;
+        response.assert_status(poem::http::StatusCode::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS);
+    }
+}